2015四级完整版
2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(第1套)
2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Listening is more important than talking." You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others' opinions. You should write at least 120 words, but no more than 180 words._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 3 news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear some questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B,C, and D .Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center. Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.1. A. Dismissing employees without giving advance notice.B. Checking employees’ online private messages at work.C. Monitoring employees’ performance on weekends.D. Closing employees’ social media during work hours.2. A. He did well in handling his clients’ queries.B. He created a private account for his fiancée.C. He won the case against his employer recently.D. He was fired because of breaking company rules.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.3. A. It is widely used in Kenya.B. It has been increasing in value.C. It makes poor people’s life easier.D. It lowers the buying power of the rich.4. A. It is a non-profit group located in Nairobi, Kenya.B. It works hard on replacing the national currency system.C. It introduced a community currency to a village in Kenya.D. It makes a series of investigations on trade and jobs in Kenya.Questions 5 and 6 will be based on the following news item.5. A. Several states declared an economic emergency.B. Many women are too old to get pregnant.C. Some babies were born with brain defects.D. Birth rates have fallen down greatly.6. A. 10 B. 29 C. 2,400 D. 3,1007. A. A mosquito-borne virusB. A severe chest infectionC. The shortage of medicine.D. Bacteria from Latin America.Section BDirections :In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A, B, C, and D.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the center. Conversation OneQuestions 8 and 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8.A.It is used by more people than English.B.It is more difficult to learn than English.C.It will be as commonly used as English.D.It will eventually become a world language.9.A.Its popularity with the common people.B.The effect of the Industrial Revolution.C.The influence of the British Empire.D.Its loan words from many languages.10.A.It has a growing number of newly coined words.B.It includes a lot of words from other languages.C.It is the largest among all languages in the world.D.It can be easily picked up by overseas travelers.11.A.The English grammar is quite easy.B.It is greatly influenced by French.C.It could be pronounced easily.D.It is attractive to English beginners.Conversation TwoQuestions 12 and 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A.To place an order.B.To apply for a job.C.To return some goods.D.To make a complaint.13.A.He works on a part-time basis for the company.B.He has not worked in the sales department for long.C.He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.D.He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.14.A.It is not his responsibility.B.It will be free for large orders.C.It depends on a number of factors.D.It costs￡15 more for express delivery.15.A.Make inquiries with some other companies.B.Report the information to her superior.C.Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.D.Ring back when she comes to a decision.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you willhear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A , B ,C. and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A.No one knows for sure when they came into being.B.No one knows exactly where they were first made.C.No one knows for what purpose they were invented.D.No one knows what they will look like in the future.17.A.Measure the speed of wind.B.Give warnings of danger.C.Pass on secret messages.D.Carry ropes across rivers.18.A.To find out the strength of silk for kites.B.To test the effects of the lightning rod.C.To prove that lightning is electricity.D.To protect houses against lightning.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A.She was born with a talent for languages.B.She was tainted to be an interpreter.C.She can speak several languages.D.She enjoys teaching languages.20.A.They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.B.They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.C.They acquire an immunity to culture shock.D.They would like to live abroad permanently.21.A.She became an expert in horse racing.B.She learned to appreciate classical music.C.She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D.She got a chance to visit several European countries.22.A.Take part in a cooking competition.B.Taste the beef and give her comment.C.Teach vocabulary for food in English.D.Give cooking lessons on Western food.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A.He had only a third-grade education.B.He once threatened to kill his teacher.C.He often helped his mother do housework.D.He grew up in a poor single-parent family.24.A.Stupid.B.Active.C.Brave.D.Careless.25.A.Watch educational TV programs only.B.Write two book reports a week.C.Help with housework.D.Keep a diary.Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections : In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society. However, they generally agree with the idea that inequality in the information society is 26 different from that of an industrial society. As information progresses in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.It seems that the information society 27 the quantity of information available to the members ofa society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information. But such a view is a28 analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media. A different 29 is possible when the actual amount of information 30 by the user is taken into account. In fact, the more information 31 throughout the entire society, the wider the gap becomes between "information haves" and "information have-nots", leading to digital divide.According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major 32 ：class, sex, and generation. In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle classes and the lower class.With 33 to sex, digital divide exists between men and women.The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation, 34 with personal computersSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it.Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Joy: A Subject Schools LackBecoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.A.When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland eat their children, he insisted it would solve three problems at once : feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severe depression, and stimulate the restaurant business.Even as a satire (讽刺), it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture.But actually, the country is closer to his proposal than you might think.B.If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you'll hear a lot of the following words :"standards,""results,""skills,""self-control,""accountability," and so on.I have visited some of the newer supposedly "effective" schools, where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can't sit still.C.A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.D.I'm a mother of three, a teacher, and a developmental psychologist.So I've watched a lot of children-talking, playing, arguing, eating, studying, and being young.Here's what I've come to understand.The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack of skills.It's their enormous capacity for joy.Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out what he can and cannot sink in the bathtub, a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old completely absorbed in a fascinating comic strip.A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something, and derive intense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.E.A friend told me the following story.One day, when he went to get his 7-year-old son from soccer practice, his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice.The coach had criticized him for not focusing on his soccer drills.The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down.He seemed wrapped in sadness.But just before he reached the car door,he suddenly stopped, crouching (蹲伏) down to peer at something on the sidewalk.His face went down lower and lower, and then, with complete joy he called out, "e here.This is the strangest bug I've ever seen.It has, like, a million legs.Look at this.It's amazing." He looked up at his father, his features overflowing with energy and delight."Can't we stay here for just a minute? I want to find out what he does with all those legs.This is the coolest ever."F.The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but irrelevant byproduct of youth-something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance(坚持不懈), obligation, and practicality.Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense absorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking.Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy.Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with smallfigures, conducting experiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than stringing together nonsense words, for example.In some cases, schools should help children find new,more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: making art, making friends, making decisions:G. Building on a child's ability to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn't be that hard.It would just require a shift in the education world's mindset (思维模式).Instead of trying to get children to work hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, like making things, working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are notso different from the things in which they delight.H. Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish, or think of joy as an unaffordable luxury in a nation where there is awful poverty, low academic achievement, and high dropout rates, think again.The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieving any educational success.I.Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they are pressured by their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility.The assumption is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead,they should learn to delay gratification (快乐) so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going tocollege.J.Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense educationally.Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need to want to learn.You can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practice division.But you can't force the child to think carefully, enjoy books, digest complex information,or develop a taste for learning.To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure in learning-to see school as a source of joy.K.Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good for you.Why not instead think of learning as if it were food--something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it as a pleasure ?L.Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs.The more difficult a child's life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom."Pleasure" is not a dirty word.And it doesn't run counter to the goals of public education.It is, in fact, the precondition.36.It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.37.What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing.38.Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.39.It is human nature to seek joy in life.40.Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.41.Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.42.Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.43.Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.44.In the so-called "effective" schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules.45.To make learning effective, educators have to ensure that children want to learn.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C. and D .You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.When it's five o'clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them they're done.These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale (士气) and creativity.Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from9 a.m.to 10 a.m. research from 10 a.m.to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities-from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga-by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs "task time." They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier.46. What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?A. It makes everybody time-conscious.B. It is a convenience for work and life.C. It may have a negative effect on creative work.D. It clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.47. How do people usually go about their work according to the author?A. They combine clock-based and task-based planning.B. They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.C. They set a time limit for each specific task.D. They accomplish their tasks one by one.48. What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers?A. They seize opportunities as they come up.B. They always get their work done in time.C. They have more control over their lives.D. They tend to be more productive.49. What do the researchers say about today's business culture?A. It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.B. It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.C. It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers' lives.D. It aims to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.50. What do the researchers suggest?A. Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.B. It is important to keep a balance between work and life.C. Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.D. A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2004. As she neared the end of her prison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was "paying her dues," and that "there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew."Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich and powerful. Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans. who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record. This can result in severe penalties that continue long after punishment is completed.Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person's individual circumstances. Laws can restrict or ban voting, access to public housing, and professional and business licensing. They can affect a person's ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.In all, more than 45.000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fully participating in American life.Some laws make sense. No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia (恋童癖) work in a school. But too often collateral (随附的) consequences bear no relation to public safety. Should a woman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as a nurse?These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety. Where the penalties are not a must, they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.The point is not to excuse or forget the crime. Rather, it is to recognize that in America's vast criminal justice system, second chances are crucial. It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins of society.51. What does the well-known columnist's remark about Martha Stewart suggest?A. Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.B. Her business went bankrupt while she was in prison.C. Her release from prison has drawn little attention.D. Her prison sentence might have been extended.52. What do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals in America?A. They backslide after serving their terms in prison.B. They are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf.C. They receive severe penalties for committing minor offenses.D. They are convicted regardless of their individual circumstances.53. What are the consequences for many Americans with a criminal record?A. They remain poor for the rest of their lives.B. They are deprived of all social benefits.C. They are marginalized in society.D. They are deserted by their family.54. What does the author think of the post-conviction laws and rules?A. They help to maintain social stability.B. Some of them have long been outdated.C. They are hardly understood by the public.D. A lot of them have negative effects on society.55. What is the author's main purpose in writing the passage?A. To create opportunities for criminals to reform themselves.B. To appeal for changes in America's criminal justice system.C. To ensure that people with a criminal record live a decent life.D. To call people's attention to prisoners' conditions in America.Part Ⅳ Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务，他们对孩子的首要要求就是努力学习，考得好，能上名牌大学.他们相信这是为孩子好，因为在中国这样竞争激烈的社会里，只有成绩好才能保证前途光明.中国父母还认为，如果孩子能在社会上取得大的成就，父母就会受到尊敬.因此，他们愿意牺牲自己的时间、爱好和兴趣，为孩子提供更好的条件.2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题答案与详解(第1套)Part Ⅰ Writing这是一篇四级考试中常见的议论文.要求考生就一句格苦进行论述.这句格言Listening is more important than talking．“倾听比谈论更重要”措辞简单．意思明了，考生比较容易把握．因此写起来并不难.写作时．考生应该将重点放在第二段举例阐释倾听比谈论更重要的原因上．联系实际分析可知，其原因主要有：倾听是交际之规则．只有善于倾听于能表达刘别人的尊重．同时倾昕对听者自身也不无裨益.一、阐述“倾听比谈论更重要”的内涵：倾听别人的意见比表达自己的想法重要得多(paying attention to others’ opinions is much more important than expressing one’s own words)倾听比谈论更重要如今，“倾听比谈论更重要”这一格言流行起来.这句格言道出了在社会中与人交往的真谛：倾听别人的意见比表达自己的想法重要得多。
2015年12月英语四级考试真题试卷及答案【三套全】
2015年12月英语四级考试真题及答案【三套全】Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Listening is more important than talking?" Y ou can cite examples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others' opinions. Y ou should write at least 120words but no more than 180words.注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.A) They admire the courage of space explorers.B) They were going to watch a wonderful movie.C) They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.D) They like doing scientific exploration very much.2.A) In a school library.B) At a gift shop.C) In the office of a travel agency.D) At a graduation ceremony.3.A) He used to work in the art gallery.B) He does not have a good memoiy.C) He is not interested in any part-time jobs.D) He declined a job offer from the art gallery.4.A) He will be unable to attend the birthday party.B) The woman should have informed him earlier.C) He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.D) Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.5.A) Set a deadline for the staff to meet.B) Assign more workers to the project.C) Reward those having made good progress.D) Encourage the staff to work in small groups.6.A) Where she can leave her car.B) The rate for parking in Lot C.C) How far away the parking lot is.D) The way to the visitor's parking.7.A) He regrets missing the classes.B) He has benefited from exercise.C) He plans to take the fitness classes.D) He is looking forward to a better life.8.A) How to select secretaries.B) How to raise work efficiency.C) The responsibilities of secretaries.D) The secretaries in the man's company.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A) It is used by more people than English.B) It is more difficult to learn than English.C) It will be as commonly used as English.D) It will eventually become a world language.10.A) Its popularity with the common people.B) The effect of the Industrial Revolution.C) The influence of the British Empire.D) Its loan words from many languages.11.A) It has a growing number of newly coined words.B) It includes a lot of words from other languages.C) It is the largest among all languages in the world.D) It can be easily picked up by overseas travellers.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) To place an order.B) To apply for a job.C) To return some goods.D) To make a complaint.13.A) He works on a part-time basis for the company.B) He has not worked in the sales department for long.C) He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.D) He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.14.A) It is not his responsibility.B) It win be free for large orders.C) It depends on a number of factors.D) It costs ￡15 more for express delivery.15.A) Make inquiries with some other companies.B) Report the information to her superior.C) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.D) Ring back when she comes to a decision.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.16.A) No one knows for sure when they came into being.B) No one knows exactly where they were first made.C) No one knows for what purpose they were invented.D) No one knows what they will look like in the future.17.A) Measure the speed of wind.B) Give warnings of danger.C) Pass on secret messages.D) Carry ropes across rivers.18.A) To find out the strength of silk for kites.B) To test the effects of the lightning rod.C) To prove that lightning is electricity.D) To protect houses against lightning.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) She was born with a talent for languages.B) She was trained to be an interpreter.C) She can speak several languages.D) She enjoys teaching languages.20.A) They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.B) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.C) They acquire an immunity to culture shock.D) They would like to live abroad permanently.21.A) She became an expert in horse racing.B) She learned to appreciate classical music.C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D) She got a chance to visit several European countries.22.A) Take part in a cooking competition.B) Taste the beef and give her comment.C) Teach vocabulary for food in English.D) Give cooking lessons on Western food.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A) He had only a third-grade education.B) He once threatened to kill his teacher.C) He often helped his mother do housework.D) He grew up in a poor single-parent family.24.A) Stupid.B) Active.C) Brave.D) Careless.25.A) Watch educational TV programs only.B) Write two book reports a week.C) Help with housework.D) Keep a diary.When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? There are other __26__ bodies out there besides the moon and stars. One of the most __27__ of these is a comet (彗星).Comets were formed around the same time the Earth was formed. They are __28__ ice and other frozen liquids and gases. __29__ these "dirty snowballs" begin to orbit the sun, just as the planets do.As a comet gets closer to the sun, some gases in it begin to unfreeze. They __30__ dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets even nearer to the sun, a solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet, thus forming its tail. The tail and the __31__ fuzzy (模糊的) atmosphere around a comet are __32__ that can help identify this __33__ in the night sky.In any given year, about a dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits. The average person can't see them all, of course. Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the __34__ eye. Comet Hale-Bopp, discovered in 1995, was an unusually bright comet. Its orbit brought it __35__ close to the Earth, within 122 million miles of it. But Hale-Bopp came a long way on its earthly visit. It won't be back for another four .【参考答案】26. heavenly27. fascinating28. made up of29. Now and then30. combine with31. generally32. characteristics33. phenomenon34. naked35. relativelyPartIII Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. Y ou are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. Y ou may not use any of the words in thebank more than onceQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society. However, they generally agree with the idea that inequality in the information society is __36__ different from that of an industrial society. As informatization progresses in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.It seems that the information society __37__ the quantity of information available to the members of a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information. But such a view is a __38__ analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media.A different __39__ is possible when the actual amount of information __40__ by the user is taken into account. In fact, the more information __41__ throughout the entire society, the w ider the gap becomes between "information haves" and "information have-nots" , leading to digital divide.According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major __42__: class, sex, and generation. In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle classes and the lower class. With __43__ to sex, digital divide exists between men and women. The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation, __44__ with personal computers and the Internet, and the older generation, __45__ to an industrial society.A) accustomedB) acquiredC) assemblyD) attributeE) championsF) elementsG) expandsH) familiarI) flowsJ) fundamentallyK) interpretationL) passiveM) regardN) respectivelyO) superficialJoy: A Subject Schools LackBecoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.A) When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland eat their children, he insisted it would solve three problems at once: feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severe depression, and stimulate the restaurant business. Even as a satire (讽刺), it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture. But actually, the country is closer to his proposal than you might think.B) If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you'll hear a lot of the following words: "standards," "results," "skills," "self-control," "accountability," and so on. I have visited some of the newer supposedly "effective" schools, where children shout slogans in order to leam self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can't sit still.C) A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.D) I'm a mother of three, a teacher, and a developmental psychologist. So I've watched a lot of children—talking, playing, arguing, eating, studying, and being young. Here's what I've come tounderstand. The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack of skills. It's their enormous capacity for joy. Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out what he can and cannot sink in the bathtub, a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old completely absorbed in a fascinating comic strip. A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something, and derive intense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.E) A friend told me the following story. One day, when he went to get his 7-year-old son from soccer practice, his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice. The coach had criticized him for not focusing on his soccer drills. The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down. He seemed wrapped in sadness. But just before he reached the car door, he suddenly stopped, crouching (蹲伏) down to peer at something on the sidewalk. His face went down lower and lower, and then, with complete joy he called out, "Dad. Come here. This is the strangest bug I've ever seen. It has, like, a million legs. Look at this. It's amazing. " He looked up at his father, his features overflowing with energy and delight. "Can't we stay here for just a minute? I want to find out what he does with all those legs. This is the coolest ever. "F) The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but irrelevant byproduct of youth—something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance (坚持不懈), obligation, and practicality. Y et moments like this one are just the kind of intense absoiption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking. Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy. Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conductingexperiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than stringing together nonsense words, for example. In some cases, schools should help children find new, more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: making art, making friends, making decisions.G) Building on a child's ability to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn't be that hard. It would just require a shift in the education world's mindset (思维模式). Instead of trying to get children to work hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, like making things, working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are not so different from the things in which they delight.H) Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish, or think of joy as an unaffordable luxury in a nation where there is awful poverty, low academic achievement, and high dropout rates, think again. The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieving any educational success.I) Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they are pressured by their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility. The assumption is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should leain to delay gratification (快乐) so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going tocollege.J) Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense educationally. Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need to want to learn. Y ou can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practice division. But you can't force the child to think carefully, er\joy books, digest complex information, or develop a taste for learning. To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure inlearning—to see school as a source of joy.K) Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine; unpleasant, but necessary and good for you. Why not instead think of learning as if it were food—something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it as a pleasure?L) Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs. The more difficult a child's life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom. "Pleasure" is not a dirty word. And it doesn't run counter to the goals of public education. It is, in fact, the precondition.46. It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.47. What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing.48. Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.49. It is human nature to seek joy in life.50. Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.51. Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.52. Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.53. Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.54. In the so-called "effective" schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules.55. To make learning effective, educators have to ensure that children want to leam.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.When it's five o'clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them they're done.These days, the time is everywhere-, not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale (士气) and creativity.Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from 9 a. m. to 10 a. m. , research from 10 a. m. to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar A vnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities—from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga—by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs "task time. " They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control Over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier.56. What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?A) It makes everybody time-conscious.B) It is a convenience for work and life.C) It may have a negative effect on creative work.D) It clearly indicates the fast pace of modem life.57. How do people usually go about their work according to the author?A) They combine clock-based and task-based planning.B) They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.C) They set a time limit for each specific task.D) They accomplish their tasks one by one.58. What did Tamar A vnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers?A) They seize opportunities as they come up.B) They always get their work done in time.C) They have more control over their lives.D) They tend to be more productive.59. What do the researchers say about today's business culture?A) It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.B) It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.C) It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers' lives.D) It aims to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.60. What do the researchers suggest?A) Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.B) It is important to keep a balance between work and life.C) Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.D) A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.Passage T woQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2004. As she neared the end of her prison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was " paying her dues," and that " there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew. "Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich and powerful. Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans, who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt tosociety.At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record. This can result in severe penalties that continue long after punishment is completed.Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person's individual circumstances. Laws can restrict or ban voting, access to public housing, and professional and business licensing. They can affect a person's ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.In all, more than 45,000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fully participating in American life.Some laws make sense. No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia(恋童癖) work in a school. But too often collateral (附随的) consequences bear no relation to public safety. Should a woman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as a nurse?These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety. Where the penalties are not a must, they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.The point is not to excuse or forget the crime. Rather, it is to recognize that in America's vast criminal justice system, second chances are crucial. It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins of society.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2015年12月四级英语考试真题与答案解析
2015年12月四级英语考试真题与答案解析作文（一）周思远题目：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Learning is a daily experience and a lifelong mission。
”You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning。
You should write at least 120 words，no more than 180 words。
参考范文：Currently in this constantly changing world，learning becomes a seemingly convenient but actually more complex matter。
As an old saying goes，”Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission”。
Apparently，the meaning of this saying is that if we truly desire to learn something，we are supposed to devote our life to it。
There are several reasons accounting for this viewpoint。
For one thing，learning itself is an actually complicated and painful matter，and as a result，it is advisable for us to commit much more time even our whole life to it。
2015年6月英语四级答案完整版
2015年6月英语四级答案完整版一、听力（35题，35分）Short Conversations 1. A. The woman should go on playing chess. 2. D. Mary probably knows Sally’s new address. 3. B. His notes are not easy to read. 4. D. The man had better choose another restaurant. 5 .C. He has been looking forward to spring. 6. B. The man appreciates the woman’s help. 7. B. Go to work on foot. 8. A. Temporary closing has disturbed the airport’s operation. Conversion one 9. C. It has a chemical processing plant. 10. D. He’s a salesman. 11.C. Mr. Grand’s personal assistance. 12. B. Provide details of their products and services. Conversion two 13. A. She listened to recordings of many European orchestras. 14. D. She began taking violin lessons as a small child. 15. A. It was the chance of a lifetime. Passage One 16. B) His personal history is little known. 17. D) He was a member of the town council. 18. C) Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire. Passage Two 19. A) Theft. 20. B) Have the right documents. 21. B) Use official transport. Passage 3 22. C) Sell inexpensive products. 23. A) At a meeting of top British businesspeople. 24. D) Insulted. 25. B) There should be a limit to one's sense of humour 填空: 26. prospering 27. decade 28. opposite 29. sustain 30. In simple terms 31. establish 32. reasonably 33. take into account 34. misleading 35. using up 分） 二、选词填空（10题，5分）第一套选词填空：第一套选词填空：36 announcing 37 entitled 38 critically 39 potential 40commitment 41develop 42enhance 43retain 44component 45challenges 第二套选词填空：第二套选词填空：36 assets 37 excellent 38 origin 39 up-to-date 40 attend 41 guidelines 42 aware 43 involved 44 especially 45 volunteering 三、匹配和阅读(各1分，共10分) 第一套段落信息匹配：第一套段落信息匹配：文章是：essay-grading software offers professors a break. 46-55 FBMCE QGPJD 四、仔细阅读(（各2分，共20分) 第一套仔细阅读：第一套仔细阅读：56. B) It will protect them from sunburn 57. A) It is ineffective in preventing melanomas 58. 58. D) D) D) Daily Daily Daily application application application of of of sunscreen sunscreen sunscreen helps helps helps reduce reduce reduce the the the incidence incidence incidence of of melanomas 59. C) It is not based on direct observation of the subjects 60. A) A Using both covering up and sunscreen. 61. B) Well-educated people tend to work longer. 62. B) A rapid technological advance. 63. A) Economic growth will slow down. 64. 64. C) C) C) Even Even Even wealthy wealthy wealthy people people people must must must work work work longer longer longer to to to live live live comfortably comfortably comfortably in in retirement. 65. D) Skills are highly valued regardless of age. 第二套仔细阅读：第二套仔细阅读：61. A ）More men taking an extended parental leave. 62. C) Their number is too small to make a difference. 63. A) A long leave will have a negative impact on their career. 64. C) Surprise 第三套仔细阅读第三套仔细阅读61. C) The decline of the grain yield growth. 62. 62. A) A) A) Their Their Their self-sufficiency self-sufficiency is is vital vital vital to to to the the the stability stability stability of of of world world world food food markets. 63. D) They focus more on the increase of animal feed than human food grains. 64. D) The world will be able to feed its population without increasing farmland. 65. B) It is based on a doubtful assumption. 五、翻译（整体给分，共15分）分）第一套第一套中国是世界上最古老的文明之一.构成现代世界基础的许多元素都起源于中国.中国现在拥有世界上发展最快的经济,并正经历着一次新的工业革命中国还启动了雄心勃勃的太空探索计划,其中包括到2020年建成一个太空站. 目前，中国是世界上最大的出口国之一，并正在吸引大量外国投资。
2015年12月四级真题答案三套(完整版)
写作第一版：For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission." You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning“. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.解题思路:第一段: 解释引言内容. 提出文章的主旨 : “学习的重要性”第二段: 分析原因此处可以结合例子.第三段: 得出结论参考范文:Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission. This is a proverb full of logic. In other words, learning is significant in our whole life. Indeed, we can learn many things from it. If you understand it and apply it to your study or work, you’ll necessarily benefit a lot from it.There are many reasons which can explain this phenomenon and the following are the typical ones. The first reason is that learning can light our road in the coming future. There is no denying the fact that the society is developing increasingly fast and we are often easily surpassed by the people around. The only way to avoid this is to learn to improve ourselves. As an illustration, I’d like to take myself as an example. After graduation from college, my life has been full of working pressure, which contributes to my decision of pursuing further education. That’s why I can make my own way in such a competitive society.The effect of learning can be boiled down to two major ones. First, with the spirit of learning, we are more capable of overcoming the difficulties in the future. More importantly, we can enrich our spare time life by learning. No matter who you are, you must remember that learning is the basic skill in our life.写作第二版：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Listening is more important than talking." You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others' opinions. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.解题思路:第一段: 解释引言内容. 提出文章的主旨 : “倾听重要性”第二段: 分析原因此处可以结合例子.第三段: 得出结论“Listening is more important than talking.”This proverb means that listening is something worthwhile to consider when we have communication with others. People often focus on their speaking ability, believing that good speaking equals good communication. There is some truth in this statement, but people who hold this opinion ignore a more important fact. God gave people two ears and one mouth, so it requires us to keep the ratios of listening and speaking by two to one. The ability to speak well is a necessary component to successful communication. The capability of listening is as important as speaking in that listening is the best respect forpeople around us. Listen attentively when others are speaking. It is the best and the most effective compliment that you can give them.To conclude, Listening can prevent interruption or formulate a response even before other speakers have finished. Good listeners are often some of the best speakers who can improve the quality of the communication. So listeners should interact with speakers, and respond promptly.写作第三版：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to make things happen.” You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of being participants rather than mere onlookers in life. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.解题思路:第一段: 解释引言内容. 提出文章的主旨 : “实践重要性”第二段: 分析原因此处可以结合例子.第三段: 得出结论There is an old saying “Never go out there to see what happens, go out there to make things happen”. It’s the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.Only when you participate more can you make things perfect. Participation has been more and more important in the society. Students are asked to enter society and get some ideas of it. Surely participation has many advantages. Firstly, it can offer students a chance to contact society and meet different kinds of people. In this way people can gain some valuable social experience, which will be useful to their future life. Secondly, as college students, we can apply what they have learned in class to practical work, thus knowing themselves more clearly. Take the study of oral English for example, participation in any chances of communications with others in English, which enables us to become fluent in speaking.In summary, participation is the key factor in our daily life no matter who you are, no matter what you are doing. We should put their studies in the first place and see participation just as a useful supplement, so they ought to try to strike a balance between them.听力原文2015年12月四级听力原文第一版Part 1 短对话Question 1- M: Do you remember the wonderful film on space exploration we watched together last month?-W: Sure. It’s actually the most impressive one I’ve seen on that topic.Q:What do we learn about the speakers?* 1.B. They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.Question 2- W: Are you looking for anything in particular?- M: Yes. My son is graduating from high school, and I want to get him something special.Q:Where does the conversation most probably take place?* 2.A. At a gift shop.Question 3- M: Mike told me yesterday that he had been looking in vain for a job in the art gallery.-W: Really? If I remember right, he had a chance to work there, but he turned it down.Q:What does the woman say about Mike?* 3.C. He declined a job offer from the art gallery.Question 4- W: Would you like to come to Susan’s birthday party tomorrow evening? - M: I’m going to give a lecture tomorrow. I wish I could be in two places at the same time.Q:What does the man mean?4.D. He will be unable to attend the birthday party.Question 5- W: Aren’t you discouraged by the slow progress your staff is making? - M: Yes. I think I will give them a deadline and hold them to it.Q:What is the man probably going to do?5.B. Set a deadline for the staff to meet.Question 6- W: Excuse me. Could you tell me where the visitors’ parking is? I left my car there.- M: Sure. It’s in Lot C. Over that way.Q:What does the woman want to know?6.A. The way to the visitor’s parking.Question 7- W: You look great! Now that you’ve taken those fitness classes.- M: Thanks. I’ve never felt better in my life.Q:What does the man mean?7.D. He has benefited from exercise.Question 8- W: I really admire the efficiency of your secretaries.- M: Our company selects only the best. They have a heave workload and we give them a lot of responsibilities.Q:What are the speakers talking about?8.D. The secretaries in the man’s company.Part 2 长对话Conversion 1W: Hi Leo, why do you say English would become the world language?M: Well. For one thing, it’s so commonly used, the only language that is used by more people is Chinese.W: Why is English spoken by so many people?M: It’s spoken in many countries of the world because of the British empire. And now of course is the influence of America as well.W: Many students find English a difficult language to learn.M: Oh, all languages are difficult to learn. But English does have two greatest advantages.W: What are they?M: Well, first of all, it has a very international vocabulary. It has many German, Dutch, French, Spanish and Italian words in it. So speakers of those languages will find many familiar words in English. In fact, English has words for many other languages as well.W: Why is that?M: Well, partly because English speakers have travelled a lot, they bring back words with them. So English really does have an international vocabulary.W: And what is the other advantage of English?M: It that English grammar is really quite easy. For example, it doesn’t have dozens of different endings for its nouns, adjectives and verbs, not like Latin, Russian and German for example.W: Why is that?M: Well, it’s quite interesting actually, it’s because of the French. When the French ruled England, French was the official language, and only the common people spoke English. They tried to make their language as simple as possible. So they made the grammar easier.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard.Q9: What does the man say about Chinese?Q10: What made English a widely used language?Q11: What is said to be special about English vocabulary?9.B. It is used by more people than English.10.C. The influence of the British Empire.11.It includes a lot of words from other languages.Conversation 2Man: Hello. Yes?Woman: Hello. Is that the sales department?M: Yes, it is.W:Oh, well. My name is Jane Kingsbury of GPF limited. We need some supplies for our design office.M: Oh, what sort?W:Well, first of all, we need one complete new drawing board.M: DO44 or DO45?W:Ah, I don’t know. What’s the difference?M: Well, the 45 costs 15 pounds more.W:So what’s the total price then?M:It’s 387 pounds.W:Dose that include valued-added tax?M: Oh, I’m not sure. Most of the prices do. Yes, I think it does.W:What are the boards actually made of?M: Oh, I don’t know. I think it's a sort of plastic stuff these days. It’s white anyway.W:And how long does it take to deliver?M: Oh, I couldn’t really say. It depends on how much work we’ve got and how many other orders there are to send out, you know.W:Ok, now we also want some drawing pens, ink and rulers, and some drawing paper. M: Oh dear. The girl who takes all those supplies isn’t here this morning. So I can’t take those orders for you. I only do the equipment you see.W:Ok, well, perhaps I’ll ring back tomorrow.M: So do you want the drawing board then?W:Oh, I have to think about it. Thanks very much. I’ll let you know. Good-bye. M: Thank you. Good-bye.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you just heard.Question 12: What is the woman’s purpose in making the phone call?Question 13: What do we learn about the man from the conversation?Question 14: What does the man say about delivery?Question 15: What does the woman say she will possibly do tomorrow?12.To place an order13.He is not familiar with the exact details of goods.14.It depends on a number of factors.15.Ring back when she comes to a decision.Part 3 短文短文 1No one knows for sure just how old kites are. In fact, they have been in use for centuries. 25 centuries ago, kites were well-known in China. These first kites were probably made of wood. They may even have been covered with silk, because silk were used a lot at that time. Early kites were built for certain uses. In ancient China, they will use to carry ropes to cross rivers. Once across, the ropes were tear down and wooden bridges would hang for them. Legend tells of one General who flew musical kites over the enemies’ camp. The enemy fled, believing the sounds to be the warming voices of angels. By the 15th century, many people flew kites in Europe. Marco Polo may have brought the kite back from his visit to China. The kite has been linked to great names and events. For instance, Benjamin Franklin used kite to prove the lightening electricity. He flew the kite in the storm. He did this in order to draw lightening from the clouds. He tied a metal key and a strip of silk to the kite line. The silk ribbon would stop the lightening from passing through his body. Benjamin’s idea was first laughed at. But later on, it enlightened the invention of the lightening rod. With such grand history, kite flying is short remain an entertaining and popular sport.Question 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.Question 16: What does the speaker say about kite?Question 17: What did ancient Chinese use cats to do?Question 18: Why did BF flied a kite in the storm?16. No one knows for sure when they came into being.17.Carry ropes across river.18.To prove the lighting is electricity.短文2I have learnt many languages, but I’m not mastered them the way the professional interpreter or translator has. Still, they have open doors for me. They have allowed me the opportunity to seek jobs in international contexts and help me get those jobs. Like many people who have lived overseas for a while, I simply got crazy about it.I can’t image living my professional or social life without international interactions. Since 1977, I have spent much more time abroad than in the United States.I like going to new places, eating new foods and experiencing new cultures. If you can speak the language, it’s easier to get to know the country and its people. If I had the time and money. I would live for a year in as many countries as possible. Beyond my career, my facility with languages has given me a few rare opportunities. Once, just after I returned my year in Vienna. I was asked to translate for a German judge at Olympic level horse event and learned a lot about the sport.In Japan, once when I was in the studio audience of a TV cooking show, I was asked to go up on the stage and taste the beef dish that was being prepared and tell what I thought. They asked” Was it as good as American beef?” It was very exciting for me to be on Japanese TV, speaking in Japanese about how delicious the beef was.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you’ve just heard.Question 19 What does the speaker say about herself?Question 20 What does the speaker say about many people who have lived overseas for a while?Question 21 How did the speaker experience of living in Vienna benefit her? Question 22 What was the speaker asked to do in the Japanese studio?19.She can speak several languages.20.They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.21.She was able to translate for a German sports judge.短文3Dr. Ben Carsen grew up in a poor single parent house-hold in Detroit. His mother, who had only a 3rd grade education helds two jobs cleaning bathrooms. To his classmates and even to histeachers he was thought of as the dummest kid in his class. According to his own not so fond memories.He had a terrible temper, and once threatened to kill another child. Dr. Carsen was headed down part of seld distraction until a critical moment in his youth. His mother convinced that he had to do something dramatic preventing leading a life of failure laid down some rules. He could notwatch television except for two programs a week, could not play with his friends after schooluntil he finished his homework. And had to read two books a week, and write book reports about them. His mother’s strategy worked. “Of course, I didn’t know she couldn’t read. So there I wassubmitting these reports.” he said. She would put check marks on them like she had been reading them. As I began to read about scientists，economists and philosophers.I started imaging myself in their shoes. As he got into the hobbit of hard work, his grade began to soar. Ultimately he received a scholarship to attending Yale University, and later he was admitted to the University of Michigan Medical School. He is now a leading surgeon at Johns Hopkins Medical School and he is also the author of the three books.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you’ve just heard.Q23 What do we learn about Ben Carsen ?Q24 What did Ben Caren’s classmates and teachers think of him whenhe was first at school?Q25 What did Ben Carsen’s mother tell him to do when he was a school boy?22.Taste the beef and give her comment.23.He grew up in a poor single parent household.24.Stupid25.Write two book reports a week.Part 4 听写题When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? There are other 26heavenly bodies out there besides the moon and stars. One of the most 27fascinating of this is a comet. Comets were formed around the same the earth was formed. They are 28made up of ice and other frozen liquids and gasses. 29Now and then these dirty snow balls begin to orbit the sun just as the planets do. As a comet gets closer to the sun. Some gasses in it begin to unfreeze. They 30combine with dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets even nearer to the sun and solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet thus forming its tail. The tail and 31generally fuzzy atmosphere around the comet are 32characteristics that can help identify this 33phenomenon in the night sky. In any given year, about dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits. The average person can’t see them all of course. Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the 34naked eye. Comet Hale-Bopp discovered in 1995 was an unusually bright comet. Its orbit bought 35relatively to the earth within 122 million miles of it. But Hale-Bopp came a longway on its earthly visit. It won’t be back for another 4 thousand years or so.26.heavenly27. Fascinating28made up of29.Now and thenbine with31.generally32.Characteristics33.phenomenon34. naked35 .relatively阅读部分第一版36. N) saw37. F) decades38. H) globally39. D) chances40. J) occurs41. A) additional42. B) associated43. G) experiences44. M) reduce45. K) populationsHow to Eat Well46. Cooking benefits people in many ways and enables them to connect with one another. 答案：D Shouldn’t preparing—and consuming—food be a source of comfort, pride, health, well-being, relaxation, sociability?…47. Abundant information about cooking is available either online or on TV.答案：B It’s not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by…48. Young people do less cooking at home than the elderly these days.答案：F． Perhaps a return to real cooking needn’t be far off…49. Cooking skills can be improved with practice.答案：O. You don’t have to hit the grocery store daily, nor do you need an abundance of skill…50. In the mid-20th century, most families ate dinner at home instead of eating out.答案：G. Back in the 1950s most of us grew up in households where Mom cooked virtually every night…51. Even those short of time or money should be encouraged to cook for themselves and their family答案：E. When I talk about cooking, I’m not talking about creating elaborate dinner parties or three-day science projects.…52. Eating food not cooked by ourselves can cause serious consequences.答案：J. There have been half-hearted but well-publicized efforts by some food companies to reduce calories in their processed food, but….53. To eat well and still save money, people should buy fresh food and cook it themselves.答案：M. To those Americans for whom money is a concern…54. We get a fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks.答案：C. And yet we aren’t cooking…55. The popularity of TV led to the popularity of frozen food.答案：H. Although frozen dinners were invented in the ‘40s, their popularity didn’t boom until televisions became popular a decade or so later…46-55.DBFOGEJMCH56. A) It is disappearing.57. B) electronically.58. D) Spending money is so fast and easy.59. A) It represents a change in the modern world.60. C) He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.61. A) They are culture-related.62. C) They get less sleep on public holidays.63. C) The World Cup.64. B) They want to get sufficient sleep.65. B) Few people really know the importance of sleep.第二版36 G favorite 37 M protest 38 B amount 39 O theories40 I immediately 41 D crazy 42 F differences 43 J naturally44 H happening 45 N rejectedThe perfect essay46. The author was advised against the improper use of figures of speech.答案: I。
2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题及答案(三套全)
2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题（三套卷）一、在答题前，请认真完成以下内容：1. 请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时向监考员反映，确认无误后完成以下两点要求。
2. 请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1 的条形码粘贴框内，并将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。
3．请在答题卡1和答题卡2 指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号、姓名和学校名称，并用HB-2B 铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑。
二、在考试过程中，请注意以下内容：1. 所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答，在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效。
2. 请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文、听力、阅读、翻译各部分考试，作答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册。
听力录音播放完毕后，请立即停止作答，监考员将立即回收答题卡1 ，得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。
3. 作文题内容印在试题册背面，作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内作答。
4．选择题均为单选题，错选、不选或多选将不得分，作答时必须使用HB-2B铅笔在答题卡上相应位置填涂，修改时须用橡皮擦净。
三、以下情况按违规处理：1. 不正确填写(涂)个人信息，错贴、不贴、毁损条形码粘贴条。
2. 未按规定翻阅试题册、提前阅读试题、提前或在收答题卡期间作答。
3. 未用所规定的笔作答、折叠或毁损答题卡导致无法评卷。
4. 考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。
Section A Litstening Comprehension (30 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation. one or more questions willbe asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions willbe spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. Duringthe pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), anddecide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter onAnswer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答1. A) They admire the courage of space explorersB) They enjoyed the movie on space explorationC) They were going to watch a wonderful movieD) They like doing scientific exploratron very much2. A)At a gift shopB) At a graduation ceremony.C) In the office of a travel agencyD) In a school library3. A) He used to work in the art galleryB) He does not have a good memoryC) He declined a job offer from the art galleryD) He is not interested in any part-time jobs4. A) Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrowB) He will go to the birthday party after the lectureC) The woman should have informed him earlierD) He will be unable to attend the birthday party5. A) Reward those having made good progressB) Set a deadline for the staff to meetC) Assign more workers to the project.D) Encourage the staff to work in Small groups6. A) The way to the visitor's parkingB) The rate for parking in Lot CC) How far away the parking lot is.D) Where she can leave her car.7. A) He regrets missing the classesB) He plans to take the fitness classes.C) He is looking forward to a better lifeD) He has benefited from exercise8. A) How to raise work efficiency.B) How to select secretariesC) The responsibilities of secretanesD) The secretaries in the man’s company.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9 A) It Is more difficult to learn than EnglishB) It is used by more people than English.C) It will be as commonly used as EnglishD) It will eventually become a world language10. A) Its loan words from many languagesB) Its popularity with the common people.C) The influence of the British EmpireD) The effect of the Industrial Revolution11. A) It includes a lot of words from other languagesB) It has a growing number of newly coined wordsC) It can be easily picked up by overseas travellersD) It is the largest among all languages in the worldQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To return some goodsB) To apply for a job.C) To place an order.D) To make a complaint13. A) He has become somewhat impatient with the womanB) He is not familiar with the exact details of the goodssC) He has not worked in the sales department for long.D) He works on a part-time basis for the company14. A) it is not his responsibilityB) It will be free for large ordersC) It costs ￡15 more for express deliveryD) It depends on a number of factors15. A) Report the information to her superiorB) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in chargegeC) Ring back when she comes to a decisionD) Make inquiries with some other companiesSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questionswill be spoken only once.After you hear a queslion, you must choose thebest answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding leltert on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through thecentre注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答。
2015年12月英语四级真题试卷一完整版(文字版)(2)
2015年12月英语四级真题试卷一完整版(文字版)(2)Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) He had only a third-grade education. B) He once threatened to kill his teacher. C) He grew up in a poor ??? D) He often helped his ??? 24.A) Careless. B) Stupid. C) Brave. D) Active.25.A) Write two book reports a week. B) Keep a diary. C)Help with housework. D) Watch education?? Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.When you look up at the night sky, what do you see?There are other bodies out there besides the moon and stars. One of the most of this is a comet. Comets were formed around the same the earth was formed. They are made up of ice and other frozen liquids and gasses. these dirty snow balls begin to orbit the sun just as the planets do. As a comet gets closer to the sun, some gasses in it begin to unfreeze. They combine with dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets even nearer to the sun and solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet thus forming its tail.The tail and generally fuzzy atmosphere around the comet are that can help this phenomenon in the night sky. In any given year，about dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits. The average person can t see them all of course. Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the _________eye. Comet Hale-Bopp discovered in 1995 was an unusually bright comet. Its orbit bought it _________to the earth within 122 million miles of it. But Hale-Bopp came a long way on its earthly visit. It won t be back for another 4 thousand years or so.Part ШReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices givenin a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold spell. November and December 36 early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country, part of a year when, for the first time in two 37 , record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones. But the U.S. was the exception; November was the warmest ever 38 , and current data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth hottest year on record.Enjoy the snow now, because 39 are good that 2014 will be even hotter, perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept. That s because, scientists are predicting, 2014 will be an EI Niuo year.EI niuo, Spanish for the child , 40 when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm. So large is the Pacific, covering 30% of the planet s surface, that the 41 energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes around the world. EI Ninos are 42 with abnormally dry conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia. They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America, even as southern Africa 43 dry weather. Marine life may be affected too; EI Ninos can 44 the rising of the cold, nutrient-rich(营养丰富的)water that supports large fish 45 ,and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral(珊瑚).注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2015年12月大学英语四级真题及解析
PartI Writing (30 minutes)For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Learning is a daily experience and lifetime mission.”You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write atleast 120 words but no more than180words.Part II Listening Comprehension ( 30 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conver sat ions and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.A) They admire the courage of space explorers.B) They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.C) They were going to watch a wonderful movie.D) They like doing scientific exploration very much.2. A) At a gift shop.B) At a graduation ceremony.C) In the office of a travel agency.D) In a school library.3. A) He used to work in the art gallery.B) He does not have a good memory.C) He declined a job offer form the art gallery.D) He is not interested in any part-time jobs.4.A) Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.B) He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.C) The woman should have informed him earlier.D) He will be unable to attend the birthday party.5.A) Reward those having made good pro gre ss.B) Set a deadline for the staff to meet.C) Assign more workers to the project.D) Encourage the staff to work in small groups.6. A) The way to the visitor’s parking.B) The rate for parking in Lot C.C) How far away the parking lot is.D) Where she can leave her car.7. A) He regrets missing the classes.B) He plans to take the fitness classes.C) He is looking forward to a better life.D) He has benefited form exercise.8.A) How to ? work efficiency.B) How to select secretaries.C)The responsibilities of secretaries.D) The secretaries in the man’s company.Conver sat ion OneQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A) It is more difficult to learn than English.B) It is used by more people than English.C) It will be as commonly used as English.D) It will eventually bec ome a world language.10.A) It has words words from many languages,B) Its popularity with the common people.C) The influence of the British Empire.D) The effect of the Industrial Revolution.11.A) It includes a lot of words form other languages.B) It has a growing number of newly coined words,C) It can be easily picked up by overseas travelers.D) It is the largest among all languages in the world. Conversation 2Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) To return some goods.B) To apply for a job.C) To place an order.D) To make a complaint.13. A) He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.B) He is not familiar with the exact details of goods.C) He has not worked in the sales department for long.D) He works on a part-time basis for the company.14. A) It is not his responsibility.B) It will be free for large orders.C) It costs 15 more for express delivery.D) It depends on a number of factors.15.A) Report the information to her superior.B) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.C) Ring back when she comes to a decision.D) Make inquiries with some other companies.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D ). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) No one knows exactly where they were ??B) No one knows for sure when thy came into being.C) No one knows for what purpose they were ?D) No one knows what they will17. A) Carry ropes across rivers.B) Measure the speed of wind.C) Pass on secret messages.D) Give warnings of danger.18. A) To protect houses against lightning.B) To test the effects of the lightning rod.C) To find out the strength of silk for kites.D) To prove the lightning is electricity.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) She enjoys teaching languages.B) She can speak several languages.C) She was trained to be an interpreter.D) She was born with a talent for languages.20. A) They acquire an immunity to culture shock.B) They would like to live abroad permanently.C) They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.D) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.21.A) She bec ame an expert in horse racing.B) She got a chance to visit several European countries.C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D) She learned to appreciate classical music.22. A) Taste the beef and give her comment.B) Take part in a cooking competition.C) Teach vocabulary for food in ??D) Give cooking lessons onPassage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) He had only a third-grade education.B) He once threatened to kill his teacher.C) He gre w up in a poorD) He often helped his24.A) Careless.B) Stupid.C) Brave.D) Active.25.A) Write two book reports a week.B) Keep a diary.C) Help with housework.D) Watch education??Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.When you look up at the night sky, what do you see？There areother bodies out there besides the moon and stars. One of the most of this is a comet. Comets were formed around the same the earth was formed. They are made up of ice and other frozen liquids and gasses. these dirty snow balls begin to orbit the sun just as the planets do. As a comet gets closer to the sun, some gasses in it begin to unfreeze. They combine with dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets even nearer to the sun and solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet thus forming its tail. The tail and generally fuzzy atmosphere around the cometare that can help this phenomenon in the night sky. In any given year，about dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits. The average person can’t see them all of course. Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the _________eye. Comet Hale-Bopp discovered in 1995 was an unusually bright comet. Its orbit bought it _________to the earth within 122 million miles of it. But Hale-Bopp came a long way on its earthly visit. It won’t be back for another 4 thousand years or so.Part Ш Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices givenin a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.For many Americans, 2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold spell. November and December 36 early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country, part of a year when, for the first time in two 37 , record-cold days will likely turn out to have outnumbered record-warm ones. But the U.S. was the exception; November was the warmest ever 38 , and current data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth hottest year on record.Enjoy the snow now, bec ause 39 are good that 2014 will be even hotter, perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept. That’s because, scientists are predicting, 2014 will be an EI Niuo year.EI niuo, Spanish for “the child”, 40 when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm. So large is the Pacific, covering 30% of the planet’s surface, that the 41 energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes around the world. EI Ninos are 42 with abnormally dry conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia. They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America, even as southern Africa 43 dry weather. Marine life may be affected too; EI Ninos can 44 the rising of the cold, nutrient-rich（营养丰富的）water that supports large fish 45 ,and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral(珊瑚).注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2015年12月英语4级全版真题及参考答案
2015年12月英语4级全版真题及参考答案机密★启用前版权所有大学英语四级考试COLLEGE ENGLISH TEST-Band Four-(4WZSHI)试题册☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆☆敬告考生一、在答题前，请认真完成以下内容：1. 请检查试题册背面条形码粘贴条、答题卡的印刷质量，如有问题及时向监考员反映，确认无误后完成以下两点要求。
2. 请将试题册背面条形码粘贴条揭下后粘贴在答题卡1 的条形码粘贴框内，并将姓名和准考证号填写在试题册背面相应位置。
3．请在答题卡1和答题卡2 指定位置用黑色签字笔填写准考证号、姓名和学校名称，并用HB-2B 铅笔将对应准考证号的信息点涂黑。
二、在考试过程中，请注意以下内容：1. 所有题目必须在答题卡上规定位置作答，在试题册上或答题卡上非规定位置的作答一律无效。
2. 请在规定时间内在答题卡指定位置依次完成作文、听力、阅读、翻译各部分考试，作答作文期间不得翻阅该试题册。
听力录音播放完毕后，请立即停止作答，监考员将立即回收答题卡1 ，得到监考员指令后方可继续作答。
3. 作文题内容印在试题册背面，作文题及其他主观题必须用黑色签字笔在答题卡指定区域内作答。
4．选择题均为单选题，错选、不选或多选将不得分，作答时必须使用HB-2B铅笔在答题卡上相应位置填涂，修改时须用橡皮擦净。
三、以下情况按违规处理：1. 不正确填写(涂)个人信息，错贴、不贴、毁损条形码粘贴条。
2. 未按规定翻阅试题册、提前阅读试题、提前或在收答题卡期间作答。
3. 未用所规定的笔作答、折叠或毁损答题卡导致无法评卷。
4. 考试期间在非听力考试时间佩戴耳机。
Section A Litstening Comprehension(30 minutes)Directions: In this section, you will hear8 short conversations and 2 longconversations. At the end of eachconversation. one or morequestions will be asked about whatwas said. Both the conversationand the questions will be spokenonly once. After each questionthere will be a pause. During thepause, you must read the fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D),and decide which is the bestanswer. Then mark thecorresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答1. A) They admire the courage of space explorersB) They enjoyed the movie on space explorationC) They were going to watch a wonderful movieD) They like doing scientific exploratron very much2. A)At a gift shopB) At a graduation ceremony.C) In the office of a travel agencyD) In a school library3. A) He used to work in the art galleryB) He does not have a good memoryC) He declined a job offer from the art galleryD) He is not interested in any part-time jobs4. A) Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrowB) He will go to the birthday party after the lectureC) The woman should have informed him earlierD) He will be unable to attend the birthday party5. A) Reward those having made good progressB) Set a deadline for the staff to meetC) Assign more workers to the project.D) Encourage the staff to work in Small groups6. A) The way to the visitor's parkingB) The rate for parking in Lot CC) How far away the parking lot is.D) Where she can leave her car.7. A) He regrets missing the classesB) He plans to take the fitness classes.C) He is looking forward to a better lifeD) He has benefited from exercise8. A) How to raise work efficiency.B) How to select secretariesC) The responsibilities of secretanesD) The secretaries in the man’s company. Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9 A) It Is more difficult to learn than EnglishB) It is used by more people than English.C) It will be as commonly used as EnglishD) It will eventually become a world language10. A) Its loan words from many languagesB) Its popularity with the common people.C) The influence of the British EmpireD) The effect of the Industrial Revolution11. A) It includes a lot of words from other languagesB) It has a growing number of newly coined wordsC) It can be easily picked up by overseas travellersD) It is the largest among all languages in the worldQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To return some goodsB) To apply for a job.C) To place an order.D) To make a complaint13. A) He has become somewhat impatient with the womanB) He is not familiar with the exact details of the goodssC) He has not worked in the sales department for long.D) He works on a part-time basis for the company14. A) it is not his responsibilityB) It will be free for large ordersC) It costs ￡15 more for express deliveryD) It depends on a number of factors15. A) Report the information to her superiorB) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in chargegeC) Ring back when she comes to a decisionD) Make inquiries with some other companiesSection BDirections: In this section, you will hear3 short passages. At the end ofeach passage, you will hear somequestions. Both the passage andthe questions will be spoken onlyonce.After you hear a queslion,you must choose the best answerfrom the four choices marked A),B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding leltert on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1 上作答。
2015年12月英语四级考试真题试卷及答案【三套全】
2015年12月英语四级考试真题及答案【三套全】Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions：For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Listening is more important than talking?" You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others' opinions. You should write at least 120words but no more than 180words。
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1。
A）They admire the courage of space explorers。
B) They were going to watch a wonderful movie。
C) They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.D）They like doing scientific exploration very much.2。
A) In a school library。
B）At a gift shop。
2015年6月英语四级考试真题及答案（1）
2015年6⽉英语四级考试真题及答案（1）2015年6⽉⼤学英语四级考试真题Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension ( 40 minutes)Section AQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.The U.S. Department of Education is making efforts to ensure that all students have equal access to a quality education. Today it is 36 the launch of the Excellent Educators for All Initiative. The initiative will help states and school districts support great educators for the students who need them most. "All children are 37 to a high-quality education regardless of their race, zip code or family income. It is 38 important that we provide teachers and principals the support they need to help students reach their full 39 ," U.S. Secretary of Education Arne Duncan said." Despite the excellent work and deep 40 of our nation's teachers and principals, students in high-poverty, high- minority schools are unfairly treated across our country. We have to do better. Local leaders and educators will 41 their own creative solutions, but we must work together to 42 our focus on how to better recruit, support and 43 effective teachers and principals for all students, especially the kids who need them most." Today's announcement is another important step forward in improving access to a quality education, a 44 of President Obama's year of action .Later today, Secretary Duncan will lead a roundtable discussion with principals and school teachers from across the country about the 45 of working in high-need schools and how to adopt promising practices for supporting great educators in these schools.A. AnnouncingB. beneficialC. challengesD. commitmentE. componentF. contestsG. criticallyH. developI. distributing J. enhance K. entitled L. potentialM. properly N. qualified O. retainSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.The Changes Facing Fast FoodA） Fast-food firms have to be a thick-skinned bunch. Health experts regularly criticize them severely for selling food that makes people fat. Critics even complain that McDonald's, whose logo symbolizes calorie excess, should not have been allowed to sponsor the World Cup. These are things fast-food firms have learnt to cope with. But not perhaps for much longer. The burger businessfaces more pressure from regulators at a time when it is already adapting strategies in response to shifts in the global economy.B) Fast food was once thought to be recession-proof. When consumers need to cut spending, the logic goes, cheap meals like Big Macs and Whoppers become even more attractive. Such "trading down” proved true for much of the latest recession, when fast-food companies picked up customers who could no longer afford to eat at casual restaurants. Traffic was boosted in America, the home of fast food, with discounts and promotions, such as $1 menus and cheap combination meals.C) As a result, fast-food chains have weathered the recession better than their more expensive competitors. In 2009 sales at full-service restaurants in America fell by more than 6% , but total sales remained about the same at fast-food chains. In some markets, such as Japan, France and Britain, total spending on fast food increased. Same-store sales in America at McDonald's, the world's largest fast-food company, did not decline throughout the downturn. Pan era Bread, an American fast-food chain known for its fresh ingredients, performed well, too, because it offers higher-quality food at lower prices than restaurants.D) But not all fast-food companies have been as fortunate. Many, such as Burger King, have seen sales fall. In a severe recession, while some people trade down to fast food, many others eat at home more frequently to save money. David Palmer, an analyst at UBS, a bank, says smaller fast- food chains in America, such as Jack in the Box and Carl's Jr., have been hit particularlyhard in this downturn because they are competing with the global giant McDonald's, which increased spending on advertising by more than 7% last year as others cut back.E） Some fast-food companies also sacrificed their own profits by trying to give customers better value. During the recession companies set prices low, hoping that once they had tempted customers through the door they would be persuaded to order more expensive items. But in many cases that strategy did not work. Last year Burger King franchisees (特许经营⼈)sued (起诉)the company over its double-cheeseburger promotion, claiming it was unfair for them to be required to sell these for $1 when they cost$1.10 to make. In May a judge ruled in favor of Burger King. Nevertheless, the company may still be cursing its decision to promote cheap choices over more expensive ones because items on its "value menu" now account for around 20% of all sales, up from 12% last October.F） Analysts expect the fast-food industry to grow modestly this year. But the downturn is making companies rethink their strategies. Many are now introducing higher-priced items to entice (引诱)consumers away from $1 specials.KFC, a division of Yum! Brands, which also owns Taco Bell and Pizza Hut, has launched a chicken sandwich that costs around $5.And in May Burger King introduced barbecue (烧烤)pork ribs at $7 for eight.G）Companies are also trying to get customers to buy new and more items, including drinks. McDonald’s started selling better coffee as a challenge to Starbucks. Its " Mc Cafe" line now accounts for an estimated 6% of salesin America. Starbucks has sold rights to its Seattle's Best coffee brand to Burger King, which will start selling it later this year.H) As fast-food companies shift from "super size" to "more buys", they need to keep customer traffic high throughout the day. Many see breakfast as a big opportunity, and not just for fatty food. McDonald’s will start selling porridge (粥)in America next year. Breakfast has the potential to be very profitable, says Sara Senator of Bernstein, a research firm, because the margins can be high. Fast-food companies are also adding midday and late-night snacks, such as blended drinks and wraps. The idea is that by having a greater range of things on the menu, "we can sell to consumers products they want all day," says Rick Carlucci., the .chief financial officer of Yum ! Brands.I) But what about those growing waistlines? So far, fast-food firms have cleverly avoided government regulation. By providing healthy options, like salads and low-calorie sandwiches, they have at least given the impression of doing something about helping to fight obesity (肥胖症).These offerings are not necessarily loss-leaders, as they broaden the appeal of outlets to groups of diners that include some people who don't want to eat a burger. But customers cannot be forced to order salads instead of fries.J)In the future, simply offering a healthy option may not be good enough."Every packaged-food and restaurant company I know is concerned about regulation right now," says Mr. Palmer of UBS. America’s health-reform bill, which Congress passed this year, requires restaurant chains with 20 or more outlets to put the calorie-content of items they serve on the menu. A studyby the National Bureau of Economic Research, which tracked the effects on Starbucks of a similar calorie-posting law in New York City in 2007, found that the average calorie-count per transaction fell 6% and revenue increased 3% at Starbucks stores where a Dunlin Donuts outlet was nearby--a sign, it is said, that menu-labeling could favor chains that have more healthy offerings.K) In order to avoid other legislation in America and elsewhere, fast-food companies will have to continue innovating (创新).Walt Riker of McDonald's claims the change it has made in its menu means it offers more healthy items than it did a few years ago."We probably sell more vegetables, more milk, more salads, more apples than any restaurant business in the world," he says. But the recent proposal by a county in California to ban McDonald's from including toys in its high-calorie”Happy Meals", because legislators believe it attracts children to unhealthy food, suggests there isa lot more left to do.46.Some people propose laws be made to stop McDonald's from attaching toys to its food specials for children.47. Fast-food fins may not be able to cope with pressures from food regulation in the near future.48. Burger King will start to sell Seattle's Best coffee to increase sales.49. Some fast-food firms provide healthy food to give the impression they are helping to tackle the obesity problem.50. During the recession, many customers turned to fast food to save money.51. Many people eat out less often to save money in times of recession.52. During the recession, Burger King's promotional strategy of offering low-priced items often proved ineffective.53. Fast-food restaurants can make a lot of money by selling breakfast.54. Many fast-food companies now expect to increase their revenue by introducing higher-priced items.55. A newly-passed law asks big fast-food chains to specify the calorie count of what they serve on the menu.Section CPassage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.If you think a high-factor sunscreen (防晒霜)keeps you safe from harmful rays, you may be wrong. Research in this week's Nature shows that while factor 50 reduces the number of melanomas(⿊瘤)and delays their occurrence, it can't prevent them. Melanomas are the most aggressive skin cancers. You have a higher risk if you have red or blond hair, fair skin, blue or green eyes, or sunburn easily, or if a close relative has had one. Melanomas are more common if you have periodic intense exposure to the sun. Other skin cancers are increasingly likely with long-term exposure.There is continuing debate as to how effective sunscreen is in reducing melanomas the evidence is weaker than it is for preventing other types of skin cancer. A 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people found that people randomly selected to apply sunscreen daily had half the rate of melanomas of people who used cream as needed. A second study, comparing 1,167 people with melanomas to 1,101 who didn't have the cancer, found that using sunscreen routinely, alongside other protection such as hats, long sleeves or staying in the shade, did give some protection. This study said other forms of sun protection not sunscreen seemed most beneficial. The study relied on people remembering what they had done over each decade of their lives, so it's not entirely reliable. But it seems reasonable to think sunscreen gives people a false sense of security in the sun. Many people also don't use sunscreen properly applying insufficient amounts, failing to reapply after a couple of hours and staying in the sun too long. It is sunburn that is most worrying recent research shows five episodes of sunburn in the teenage years increases the risk of all skin cancers.The good news is that a combination of sunscreen and covering up can reduce melanoma rates, as shown by Australian figures from their slip-slop-slap campaign. So if there is a heat wave this summer, it would be best for us, too, to slip on a shirt, slop on (抹上)sunscreen and slap on a hat.56. What is people's common expectation of a high-factor sunscreen?A. It will delay the occurrence of skin cancer.B. It will protect them from sunburn.C. It will keep their skin smooth and fair.D. It will work for people of any skin color.57. What does the research in Nature say about a high-factor sunscreen?A. It is ineffective in preventing melanomas.B. It is ineffective in case of intense sunlight.C. It is ineffective with long-term exposure.D. It is ineffective for people with fair skin.58. What do we learn from the 2011 Australian study of 1,621 people?A. Sunscreen should be applied alongside other protection measures.B High-risk people benefit the most from the application of sunscreen.C. Irregular application of sunscreen does women more harm than good.D. Daily application of sunscreen helps reduce the incidence of melanomas.59. What does the author say about the second Australian study?A. It misleads people to rely on sunscreen for protection.B. It helps people to select the most effective sunscreen.C. It is not based on direct observation of the subjects.D. It confirms the results of the first Australian study.60. What does the author suggest to reduce melanoma rates?A. Using both covering up and sunscreen.B. Staying in the shade whenever possible.C. Using covering up instead of sunscreen.D. Applying the right amount of sunscreen.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Across the rich world, well-educated people increasingly work longer than the less-skilled.Some65% of American men aged 62 -74 with a professional degree are in the workforce, compared with32% of men with only a high-school certificate. This gap is part of a deepening divide between the well-educated well-off and the unskilled poor. Rapid technological advance has raised the incomes of the highly skilled while squeezing those of the unskilled. The consequences, for individuals and society, are profound.The world is facing an astonishing rise in the number of old people, and they will live longer than ever before. Over the next 20 years the global population of those aged 65 or more will almost double, from 600 million to 1.1 billion. The experience of the 20th century, when greater longevity (长寿)translated into more years in retirement rather than more years at work, has persuadedmany observers that this shift will lead to slower economic growth, while the swelling ranks of pensioners will create government budget problems. But the notion of a sharp division between the working young and the idle old misses a new trend, the growing gap between the skilled and the unskilled. Employment rates are falling among younger unskilled people, whereas older skilled folk are working longer. The divide is most extreme in America, where well-educated baby-boomers (⼆战后⽣育⾼峰期出⽣的美国⼈)are putting off retirement while many less-skilled younger people have dropped out of the workforce.Policy is partly responsible. Many European governments have abandoned policies that used to encourage people to retire early. Rising life expectancy (预期寿命), combined with the replacement of generous defamed-benefit pension plans with less generous defined-contribution ones, means that even the better-off must work longer to have a comfortable retirement. But the changing nature of work also plays a big role. Pay has risen sharply for the highly educated, and those people continue to reap rich rewards into old age because these days the educated elderly are more productive than the preceding generation. Technological change may well reinforce that shift: the skills that complement computers, from management knowhow to creativity, do not necessarily decline with age.61. What is happening in the workforce in rich countries?A. Younger people are replacing the elderly.B. Well-educated people tend to work longer.C. Unemployment rates are rising year after year.D. People with no college degree do not easily find work.62. What has helped deepen the divide between the well-off and the poor?A. Longer life expectancies.B. A rapid technological advance.C. Profound changes in the workforce.D. A growing number of the well-educated.63. What do many observers predict in view of the experience of the 20th century?A. Economic growth will slow down.B Government budgets will increase.C. More people will try to pursue higher education.D. There will be more competition in the job market.64. What is the result of policy changes in European countries?A. Unskilled workers may choose to retire early.B. More people have to receive in-service training.C. Even wealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.D. People may be able to enjoy generous defined-benefits from pension plans.65. What is characteristic of work in the 21st century?A. Computers will do more complicated work.B. More will be taken by the educated young.C. Most jobs to be done will be the creative ones.D. Skills are highly valued regardless of age.Part Ⅳ Translation ( 30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国是世界上最古⽼的⽂明之⼀。
2015年12月英语四级考试真题试卷及答案【三套全】
2015年12月英语四级考试真题及答案【三套全】Part I Writing （30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying ”Listening is more important than talking？”You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others' opinions。
You should write at least 120words but no more than 180words。
注意:此部分试题在答题卡1上________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.A) They admire the courage of space explorers.B）They were going to watch a wonderful movie.C) They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.D) They like doing scientific exploration very much.2。
A) In a school library。
B) At a gift shop。
2015年12月英语四级考试真题及答案(第二套)
2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题(第2套)Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying"Learning is a daily experience and a lifetime mission. " You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of lifelong learning. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words._______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________ Part II Listening Comprehension ( 30 minutes )听力音频地址：/media//173301_3840.mp3Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will bea pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C. and D), and decide which is the best answer.Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet I with a single line through the centre.1. A. The agenda for the board of directors' meeting.B. The details of the meeting to be held next week.C. The reason for the man's absence from the meeting.D. The time for the man's visit to the woman's company.2.A. At a travel agency.B. At a department store.C. In a library.D. In a post office.3.A. He cannot hear the woman's call.B. He cannot get through to New York.C. He cannot recall the phone number.D. He cannot find a public phone nearby.4.A. Watch a movie with the woman.B. Revise his thesis in the office.C. Do some shopping with Jane.D. Discuss his thesis with Prof. Hudson.5. A. He just cannot work properly without a watch.B. He has no idea where he can buy a gold watch.C. He still does not know where he left his watch.D. He is not sure what went wrong with his watch.6.A. He forgot all about what he said.B. He slipped and hurt his head.C. He was sorry for being off sick last week.D. He thought the woman's car had been sold.7.A. She should try to catch an earlier bus.B. She is absent from his class too often.C. She is always making excuses for being late.D. She should come up with a better excuse.8.A. He is going to help the woman out.B. He has to move out of the building soon.C. He is on his way to see a real estate agent.D. He will stay with the woman's brother.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A. From the wanted cohunn.B. From some of her friends.C. From a telephone directory.D. From a television commercial.10.A. She received full-time education abroad.B. She graduated from an open university.C. She fmished her secondary school.D. She studied in a vocational college.11.A. She is a shorthand-typist.B. She works as a tour guide.C. She is a policewoman.D. She teaches an evening class.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A. It provides him with career opportunities.B. It helps enlarge his customer network.C. It has been off and on for ten years.D. It was interrupted for four years.13.A. Individualized service.B. Traditional setting.C. Home-made beer.D. Social games.14.A. The quality of beer.B. The atmosphere.C. The owner's attitude.D. The right location.15.A. It is a rather tough job.B. It is a profitable business.C. It helps old people kill time.D. It makes retirees feel useful.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After youhear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A , B ,C. and D. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16.A. It is becoming increasingly popular.B. It helps the user to escape reality.C. It gives rise to serious social instability.D. It hurts a person and those around them.17.A. They use drugs just for fun.B. They take drugs to get high.C. They use drugs as medicine.D. They keep drug use a secret.18. A. It is quite common in entertainment circles.B. It is the cause of various social problems.C. It is hard to get rid of.D. It is fatal to the user.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A. Taking up exercises after recovery.B. Producing tasty healthy frozen food.C. Finding new ways to cure heart disease.D. Going on a diet upon leaving the hospital.20.A. Itwas carefully tested with consumers.B. It was promoted by health organizations.C. It was disapproved by many diet experts.D. It was highly expected by the general public.21.A. Competitive price.B. Low expectations.C. Vigorous promotion.D. Unique ingredients.22. A. It was suggested by the firm's vice-president.B. It matches the food's dark green packaging.C. It has a positive implication for consumers.D. It tricks the elders into impulse purchasing.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A. It is practiced in most of the states.B. It will be abolished sooner or later.C. It has drawn a lot of criticism from overseas.D. It has to be approved by the Supreme Court.24. A. Whether the practice should be allowed to continue in future.B. Whether there should be a minimum age limit for execution.C. What type of criminals should receive it.D. What effect it might have on youngsters.25. A. The court sentenced him to life in prison for killing two friends.B. The governor changed his death sentence to life in prison.C. He was the first minor to be executed in South Carolina.D. He was sentenced to death for a crime he committed as a minor.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks with, the exact words you have just heard. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.Some people borrow money and "forget" to pay it back.Large loans are seldom the issue; they are usually treated as business26, with the terms spelled out on paper. But many women suffer27over problems like Carol's "My friend Ginny is always28cash," she says. "I hate to recall how often I've ' loaned' her a dollar or two for a drink or a movie. Each loan is so small I'd feel really cheap making a big deal out of it; still, I do29the fact that she never pays me back. "Carol admits to being "too30or something" to demand repayment, but she has resolved tostop lending money to Ginny. "The last time she asked for five dollars to pay for her dry cleaning, I just told her I couldn't31it. "Another woman suggests a bolder32. "When somebody refuses to repay a loan, I33byrequesting one myself," she says. "'I left home without my wallet,' I'll say. 'Can you lend meenough to cover lunch?' Then, when the money is safely in hand, I am struck by a sudden34Why, this is exactly the amount I loaned you last week ! How35! Now you won't have to repay me'" She says it works like a charm.Part III Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once. Questions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.For many Americans,2013 ended with an unusually bitter cold te November and December36early snow and bone-chilling temperatures in much of the country, part of a year when, for the first time in two37, record-cold days will likely turn out to have oumumbered record-warm ones. But the U. S. was the exception: November was the warmest ever38, and current data indicates that 2013 is likely to have been the fourth hottest year on record. Enjoy the snow now, because39are good that 2014 will be even hotter, perhaps the hottest year since records have been kept. That's because, scientists are predicting,2014 will be an El Nifio Year. El Nino, Spanish for "the child",40when surface ocean waters in the southern Pacific become abnormally warm. So large is the Pacific, covering 30% of the planet's surface, that the41energy generated by its warming is enough to touch off a series of weather changes around the world. El Ninos are42with abnormally dry conditions in Southeast Asia and Australia. They can lead to extreme rain in parts of North and South America, evenas southern Africa43dry weather. Marine life may be affected too: E1 Ninos can44the rising of the cold, nutrient-rich ( 营养丰富的） water that supports large fish45, and the unusually warm ocean temperatures can destroy coral ( 珊瑚).A. Additional I. logicallyB. Associated J. occursC. bore K. populationsD. Chances L. realizeE. Communicated M. reduceF. Decades N. SawG. experiences O. SpecificH. globallySection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Eachstatement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraphfrom which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is marked with a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2. How to Eat WellA. Why do so many Americans eat tons of processed food, the stuff that is correctly called junk (垃圾. and should really carry warning labels?B. It's not because fresh ingredients are hard to come by. Supermarkets offer more variety than ever, and there are over four times as many farmers' markets in the U. S. as there were 20 years ago. nor is it for lack of available information. There are plenty of recipes (食谱), how-to videos and cooking classes available to anyone who has a computer, smartphone or television. If anything, the information is overwhelming.C. And yet we aren't cooking. If you eat three meals a day and behave like most Americans, you probably get at least a third of your dally calories (卡路里. outside the home. Nearly two-thirds of us grab fast food once a week, and we get almost 25% of our dally calories from snacks. So we're eating out or taking in, and we don't sit down－or we do, but we hurry.D. Shouldn't preparing－and consuming－food be a source of comfort, pride, health, weli－being, relaxation, sociability? Something that connects us to other humans? Why would we want to outsource(外包. this basic task, especially when outsourcing it is so harmful?E. When I talk about cooking, I'm not talking about creating elaborate dinner parties or three－day science projects. I'm talking about simple, easy, everyday meals. My mission is to encourage green hands and those lacking time or money to feed themselves. That means we need modest, realistic expectations, and we need to teach people to cook food that's good enough to share with family and friends.F. Perhaps a return to real cooking needn't be far off. A recent Harris poll revealed that 79% of Americans say they enjoy cooking and 30% "love it" ; 14% admit to not enjoying kitchen work and just 7% won't go near the stove at all. But this doesn't necessarily translate to real cooking, and the result of this survey shouldn't surprise anyone: 52% of those 65 or older cook at home five or more times per week;only a third of young people do.G. Back in the 1950s most of us grew up in households where Morn cooked virtually every night. The intention to put a home-cooked meal on the table was pretty much universal. Most people couldn't afford to do otherwise.H. Although frozen dinners were invented in the '40s, their popularity didn't boom until televisions became popular a decade or so later. Since then, packaged, pre-prepared meals have been what's for dinner. The microwave and fast-food chains were the biggest catalysts ( 催化剂), but the big food companies--which want to sell anything except the raw ingredients that go into cooking－made the home cook an endangered species.I. Still, I fmd it strange that only a third of young people report preparing meals at home regularly. Isn't this the same crowd that rails against processed junk and champions craft cooking? And isn't this the generation who say they're concerned about their health and the well－being of the planet? If these are truly the values of many young people, then their behavior doesn't match their beliefs.J. There have been haft－hearted but well-publicized efforts by some food companies to reduce calories in their processed foods, but the Standard American Diet is still the polar opposite of the healthy,mostly plant－based diet that just about every expert says we should be eating. Considering that the government's standards are not nearly ambitious enough, the picture is clear: bynot cooking athome, we're not eating the right things, and the consequences are hard to overstate.K. To help quantify (量化). the costs of a poor diet, I recently tried to estimate this impact in terms of a most famous food, the burger (汉堡包). I concluded that the profit from burgers is more than offset (抵消） by the damage they cause in health problems and environmental harm.L. Cooldng real food is the best defense－not to mention that any meal you're likely to eat at home contains about 200 fewer calories than one you would eat in a restaurant.M. To those Americans for whom money is a concern, my advice is simple: Buy what you can afford,and cook it yourself. The common prescription is to primarily shop the grocery store, since that's where fresh produce, meat and seafood, and dairy are. And to save money and still eat well you don't need local, organic ingredients; all you need is real food. I'm not saying local food isn't better; it is. But there is plenty of decent food in the grocery stores.N. The other sections you should get to know are the frozen foods and the canned goods. Frozen produce is still produce; canned tomatoes are still tomatoes. Just make sure you're getting real food without tons of added salt or sugar. Ask yourself, would Grandma consider this food? Does it look like something that might occur in nature? It's pretty much common sense: you want to buy food,not unidentifiable foodlike objects.O. You don't have to hit the grocery store daily, nor do you need an abundance of skill. Since fewer than haft of Americans say they cook at an intermediate level and only 20% describe their cooldng skills as advanced, the crisis is one of confidence. And the only remedy for that is practice. There's nothing mysteriousabout cooking the evening meal. You just have to do a little thinking ahead and redefine what qualifies as dinner. Like any skill, cooking gets easier as you do it more; every time you cook, you advance your level of skills. Someday you won't even need recipes. My advice is that you not pay attention to the number of steps and ingredients, because they can be deceiving.P. Time, I realize, is the biggest obstacle to cooking for most people. You must adjust your prioritiesto find time to cook. For instance, you can move a TV to the kitchen and watch your favorite shows while you're standing at the sink. No one is asking you to give up activities you like, but if you're watching food shows on TV, try cooking instead.46. Cooking benefits people in many ways and enables them to connect with one another.47. Abundant information about cooking is available either online or on TV.48. Young people do less cooking at home than the elderly these days.49. Cooking skills can be improved with practice.50. In the mid-20th century, most families ate dinner at home instead of eating out.51. Even those short of time or money should be encouraged to cook for themselves and their family.52. Eating food not cooked by ourselves can cause serious consequences.53. To eat well and still save money, people should buy fresh food and cook it themselves.54. We get a fairly large portion of calories from fast food and snacks.55. The popularity of TV led to the popularity of frozen food.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C. andD ). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage One Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.The wallet is heading for extinction. As a day-to-day essential, it will die off with the generation who read print newspapers. The kind of shopping－where you hand over notes and count out change in return－now happens only in the most minor of our retail encounters, like buying a bar of chocolate or a pint of milk from a comer shop. At the shops where you spend any real money, that money is increasingly abstracted. And this is more and more true, the higher up the scale you go. At the most cutting-edge retail stores－Victoria Beckham on Dover Street, for instance －you don't go and stand at any kind of cash register when you decide to pay. The staff are equipped with iPads to take your payment while you relax on a sofa. Which is nothing more or less than excellent service, if you have the money. But across society, the abstraction of the idea of cash makes me uneasy. Maybe I'm just old－fashioned. But earning money isn't quick or easy for most of us. Isn't it a bit weird that spending it should happen in haft a blink (眨眼). of an eye? Doesn't a wallet－that time－honoured Friday－night feeling of pleasing, promisingfatness －represent something that matters?But I'll leave the economics to the experts. What bothers me about the death of the wallet is thechange it represents in our physical environment. Everything about the look and feel of a wallet－theway the fastenings and materials wear and tear and loosen with age, the plastic and paper and gold andsilver, and handwritten phone numbers and printed cinema tickets－is the very opposite of what ourworld is becoming. The opposite of a wallet is a smartphone or an iPad..The rounded edges, coolglass, smooth and unknowable as a pebble (鹅卵石). Instead of digging through pieces of paper andpeering into corners, we move our fingers left and right. No more counting out coins. Show yourwallet, if you still have one. It may not be here much longer.56. What is happening to the wallet?A. It is disappearing.B. It is being fattened.C. It is becoming costly.D. It is changing in style.57. How are business transactions done in big modern stores?A. Individually.B. Electronically.C. In the abstract.D. Via a cash register.58. What makes the author feel uncomfortable nowadays?A. Saving money is becoming a thing of the past.B. The pleasing Friday－night feeling is fading.C. Earning money is getting more difficult.D. Spending money is so fast and easy.59. Why does the author choose to write about what's happening to the wallet?A. It represents a change in the modern world.B. It has something to do with everybody's life.C. It marks the end of a time－honoured tradition.D. It is the concern of contemporary economists.60. What can we infer from the passage about the author?A. He is resistant to social changes.B. He is against technological progress.C. He feels reluctant to part with the traditional wallet.D. He feels insecure in the ever－changing modern world.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Everybody sleeps, but what people stay up late to catch－or wake up early in order not to miss－varies by culture. From data collected, it seems the things that cause us to lose the most sleep, on average, are sporting events, time changes, and holidays.Around the world, people changed sleep patterns thanks to the start or end of daylight savings time. Russians, for example, began to wake up about a half-hour later each day after President Vladimir Putin shifted the country permanently to "winter time" starting on October 26.Russia's other late nights and early mornings generallycorrespond to public holidays. On New Year's Eve, Russians have the world's latest bedtime, hitting the hay at around 3:30 am. Russians also get up an hour later on International Women's Day, the day for treating and celebrating female relatives. Similarly, Americans' late nights, late mornings, and longest sleeps fall on three －day weekends. Canada got the least sleep of the year the night it beat Sweden in the Olympic hockey (冰球. final.The World Cup is also chiefly responsible for sleep deprivation (剥夺). The worst night for sleep in the U. K. was the night of the England-Italy match on June 14. Brits stayed up a half－hour later to watch it, and then they woke up earlier than usual the next morning thanks to summer nights, the phenomenon in which the sun barely sets in northern countries in the summertime. That was nothing, though, compared to Germans, Italians, and the French, who stayed up around an hour and a haft later on various days throughout the summer to watch the Cup.It should be made clear that not everyone has a device to record their sleep patterns; in some of these nations, it's likely that only the richest people do. And people who elect to track their sleep may try to get more sleep than the average person. Even if that's the case, though, the above findings are still striking. If the most health-conscious among us have such deep swings in our shut-eye levels throughout the year, how much sleeg are the rest of us losing?61. What does the author say about people's sleeping habits?A. They are culture－related.B. They affect people's health.C. They change with the seasons.D. They vary from person to person.62, What do we learn about the Russians regarding sleep?A)They don't fall asleep until very late.B. They don't sleep much on weekends.C. They get less sleep on public holidays.D. They sleep longer than people elsewhere.63. what is the major cause for Europeans' loss of sleep?A. The daylight savings time.B. The colorful night life.C. The World Cup.D. The summertime.64. what is the most probable reason for some rich people to use a device to record their sleeppatterns?A)They have trouble falling asleep.B. They want to get sufficient sleep.C. They are involved in a sleep research.D. They want to go to bed on regular hours.65. what does the author imply in the last paragraph?A. Sleeplessness does harm to people's health.B. Few people really know the importance of sleep.C. It is important to study our sleep patterns.D. Average people probably sleep less than the rich.Part TV Translation( 30 minutes )Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.云南省的丽江古镇是中国著名的旅游目的地之一。
2015年12月英语四级考试真题试卷及答案【三套全】
2015年12月英语四级考试真题及答案【三套全】Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Listening is more important than talking?" You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others' opinions. You should write at least 120words but no more than 180words.注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1.A) They admire the courage of space explorers.B) They were going to watch a wonderful movie.C) They enjoyed the movie on space exploration.D) They like doing scientific exploration very much.2.A) In a school library.B) At a gift shop.C) In the office of a travel agency.D) At a graduation ceremony.3.A) He used to work in the art gallery.B) He does not have a good memoiy.C) He is not interested in any part-time jobs.D) He declined a job offer from the art gallery.4.A) He will be unable to attend the birthday party.B) The woman should have informed him earlier.C) He will go to the birthday party after the lecture.D) Susan has been invited to give a lecture tomorrow.5.A) Set a deadline for the staff to meet.B) Assign more workers to the project.C) Reward those having made good progress.D) Encourage the staff to work in small groups.6.A) Where she can leave her car.B) The rate for parking in Lot C.C) How far away the parking lot is.D) The way to the visitor's parking.7.A) He regrets missing the classes.B) He has benefited from exercise.C) He plans to take the fitness classes.D) He is looking forward to a better life.8.A) How to select secretaries.B) How to raise work efficiency.C) The responsibilities of secretaries.D) The secretaries in the man's company.Questions 9 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9.A) It is used by more people than English.B) It is more difficult to learn than English.C) It will be as commonly used as English.D) It will eventually become a world language.10.A) Its popularity with the common people.B) The effect of the Industrial Revolution.C) The influence of the British Empire.D) Its loan words from many languages.11.A) It has a growing number of newly coined words.B) It includes a lot of words from other languages.C) It is the largest among all languages in the world.D) It can be easily picked up by overseas travellers.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12.A) To place an order.B) To apply for a job.C) To return some goods.D) To make a complaint.13.A) He works on a part-time basis for the company.B) He has not worked in the sales department for long.C) He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.D) He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.14.A) It is not his responsibility.B) It win be free for large orders.C) It depends on a number of factors.D) It costs ￡15 more for express delivery.15.A) Make inquiries with some other companies.B) Report the information to her superior.C) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.D) Ring back when she comes to a decision.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the conversation you have just heard.16.A) No one knows for sure when they came into being.B) No one knows exactly where they were first made.C) No one knows for what purpose they were invented.D) No one knows what they will look like in the future.17.A) Measure the speed of wind.B) Give warnings of danger.C) Pass on secret messages.D) Carry ropes across rivers.18.A) To find out the strength of silk for kites.B) To test the effects of the lightning rod.C) To prove that lightning is electricity.D) To protect houses against lightning.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19.A) She was born with a talent for languages.B) She was trained to be an interpreter.C) She can speak several languages.D) She enjoys teaching languages.20.A) They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.B) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.C) They acquire an immunity to culture shock.D) They would like to live abroad permanently.21.A) She became an expert in horse racing.B) She learned to appreciate classical music.C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D) She got a chance to visit several European countries.22.A) Take part in a cooking competition.B) Taste the beef and give her comment.C) Teach vocabulary for food in English.D) Give cooking lessons on Western food.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23.A) He had only a third-grade education.B) He once threatened to kill his teacher.C) He often helped his mother do housework.D) He grew up in a poor single-parent family.24.A) Stupid.B) Active.C) Brave.D) Careless.25.A) Watch educational TV programs only.B) Write two book reports a week.C) Help with housework.D) Keep a diary.When you look up at the night sky, what do you see? There are other __26__ bodies out there besides the moon and stars. One of the most __27__ of these is a comet (彗星).Comets were formed around the same time the Earth was formed. They are __28__ ice and other frozen liquids and gases. __29__ these "dirty snowballs" begin to orbit the sun, just as the planets do.As a comet gets closer to the sun, some gases in it begin to unfreeze. They __30__ dust particles from the comet to form a huge cloud. As the comet gets even nearer to the sun, a solar wind blows the cloud behind the comet, thus forming its tail. The tail and the __31__ fuzzy (模糊的) atmosphere around a comet are __32__ that can help identify this __33__ in the night sky.In any given year, about a dozen known comets come close to the sun in their orbits. The average person can't see them all, of course. Usually there is only one or two a year bright enough to be seen with the __34__ eye. Comet Hale-Bopp, discovered in 1995, was an unusually bright comet. Its orbit brought it __35__ close to the Earth, within 122 million miles of it. But Hale-Bopp came a long way on its earthly visit. It won't be back for another four .【参考答案】26. heavenly27. fascinating28. made up of29. Now and then30. combine with31. generally32. characteristics33. phenomenon34. naked35. relativelyPartIII Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank isidentified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on AnswerSheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in thebank more than onceQuestions 36 to 45 are based on the following passage.Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society. However, they generally agree with the idea that inequality in the information society is __36__ different from that of an industrial society. As informatization progresses in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.It seems that the information society __37__ the quantity of information available to the members of a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information. But such a view is a __38__ analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media.A different __39__ is possible when the actual amount of information __40__ by the user is taken into account. In fact, the more information __41__ throughout the entire society, the wider the gap becomes between "information haves" and "information have-nots" , leading to digital divide.According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major __42__: class, sex, and generation. In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle classes and the lower class. With __43__ to sex, digital divide exists between men and women. The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation, __44__ with personal computers and the Internet, and the older generation, __45__ to an industrial society.A) accustomedB) acquiredC) assemblyD) attributeE) championsF) elementsG) expandsH) familiarI) flowsJ) fundamentallyK) interpretationL) passiveM) regardN) respectivelyO) superficialJoy: A Subject Schools LackBecoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.A) When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland eat their children, he insisted it would solve three problems at once: feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severe depression, and stimulate the restaurant business. Even as a satire (讽刺), it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture. But actually, the country is closer to his proposal than you might think.B) If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you'll hear a lot of the following words: "standards," "results," "skills," "self-control," "accountability," and so on. I have visited some of the newer supposedly "effective" schools, where children shout slogans in order to leam self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can't sit still.C) A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clear that when people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.D) I'm a mother of three, a teacher, and a developmental psychologist. So I've watched a lot of children—talking, playing, arguing, eating, studying, and being young. Here's what I've come tounderstand. The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack of skills. It's their enormous capacity for joy. Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out what he can and cannot sink in the bathtub, a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old completely absorbed in a fascinating comic strip. A child's ability to become deeply absorbed in something, and derive intense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.E) A friend told me the following story. One day, when he went to get his 7-year-old son from soccer practice, his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice. The coach had criticized him for not focusing on his soccer drills. The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down. He seemed wrapped in sadness. But just before he reached the car door, he suddenly stopped, crouching (蹲伏) down to peer at something on the sidewalk. His face went down lower and lower, and then, with complete joy he called out, "Dad. Come here. This is the strangest bug I've ever seen. It has, like, a million legs. Look at this. It's amazing. " He looked up at his father, his features overflowing with energy and delight. "Can't we stay here for just a minute? I want to find out what he does with all those legs. This is the coolest ever. "F) The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming but irrelevant byproduct of youth—something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance (坚持不懈), obligation, and practicality. Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense absoiption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking. Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy. Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conductingexperiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than stringing together nonsense words, for example. In some cases, schools should help children find new, more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: making art, making friends, making decisions.G) Building on a child's ability to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn't be that hard. It would just require a shift in the education world's mindset (思维模式). Instead of trying to get children to work hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, like making things, working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are not so different from the things in which they delight.H) Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish, or think of joy as an unaffordable luxury in a nation where there is awful poverty, low academic achievement, and high dropout rates, think again. The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieving any educational success.I) Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they are pressured by their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility. The assumption is that children shouldn't chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should leain to delay gratification (快乐) so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going tocollege.J) Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense educationally. Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need to want to learn. You can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practice division. But you can't force the child to think carefully, er\joy books, digest complex information, or develop a taste for learning. To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure inlearning—to see school as a source of joy.K) Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine; unpleasant, but necessary and good for you. Why not instead think of learning as if it were food—something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it as a pleasure?L) Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs. The more difficult a child's life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom. "Pleasure" is not a dirty word. And it doesn't run counter to the goals of public education. It is, in fact, the precondition.46. It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change their way of thinking.47. What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy from what they are doing.48. Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.49. It is human nature to seek joy in life.50. Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is to patients.51. Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyful experience.52. Adults do not consider children's feelings when it comes to education.53. Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to their educational goals.54. In the so-called "effective" schools, children are taught self-control under a set of strict rules.55. To make learning effective, educators have to ensure that children want to leam.Passage OneQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.When it's five o'clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them they're done.These days, the time is everywhere-, not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale (士气) and creativity.Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from 9 a. m. to 10 a. m. , research from 10 a. m. to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities—from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga—by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under "clock time" vs "task time. " They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control Over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tend to enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. It'll make those tasks easier, and the task-doers will be happier.56. What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?A) It makes everybody time-conscious.B) It is a convenience for work and life.C) It may have a negative effect on creative work.D) It clearly indicates the fast pace of modem life.57. How do people usually go about their work according to the author?A) They combine clock-based and task-based planning.B) They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.C) They set a time limit for each specific task.D) They accomplish their tasks one by one.58. What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments about clock-timers?A) They seize opportunities as they come up.B) They always get their work done in time.C) They have more control over their lives.D) They tend to be more productive.59. What do the researchers say about today's business culture?A) It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.B) It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.C) It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers' lives.D) It aims to bring employees' potential and creativity into full play.60. What do the researchers suggest?A) Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.B) It is important to keep a balance between work and life.C) Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.D) A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.Passage TwoQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2004. As she neared the end of her prison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was " paying her dues," and that " there is simply no reason for anyone to attempt to deny her right to start anew. "Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich and powerful. Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans, who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt tosociety.At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record. This can result in severe penalties that continue long after punishment is completed.Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person's individual circumstances. Laws can restrict or ban voting, access to public housing, and professional and business licensing. They can affect a person's ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.In all, more than 45,000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fully participating in American life.Some laws make sense. No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia(恋童癖) work in a school. But too often collateral (附随的) consequences bear no relation to public safety. Should a woman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as a nurse?These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety. Where the penalties are not a must, they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.The point is not to excuse or forget the crime. Rather, it is to recognize that in America's vast criminal justice system, second chances are crucial. It is in no one's interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins of society.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2015年12月四级真题共3套
2015年12月大学英语四级考试真题（第一套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying “Listening is more important than talking.” You can citeexamples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others’opinions. You should write at least 120words, but no more than 180words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes) Section ADirection: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C).and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.1. A) Dismissing employees without giving advance notice.B) Checking employees’ online private messages at work.C) Monitoring employees’ performance on weekends.D) Closing employees’ social media during work hours.2. A) He did well in handling his clients’ queries.B) He created a private account for his fiancée.C) He won the case against his employer recently.D) He was fired because of breaking company rules.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.3. A) It is widely used in Kenya.B) It has been increasing in value.C) It makes poor people’s life easier.D) It lowers the buying power of the rich.4. A) It is a non-profit group located in Nairobi, Kenya.B) It works hard on replacing the national currency system.C) It introduced a community currency to a village in Kenya.D) It makes a series of investigations on trade and jobs in Kenya.Questions 5 and 6 will be based on the following news item.5. A) Several states declared an economic emergency.B) Many women are too old to get pregnant.C) Some babies were born with brain defects.D) Birth rates have fallen down greatly.6. A) 10B) 29C) 2,400D) 3,1007. A) A mosquito-borne virus.B) A severe chest infection.C) The shortage of medicine.D) Bacteria from Latin America.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single linethrough the centre.Conversation OneQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A) It is used by more people than English.B) It is more difficult to learn than English.C) It will be as commonly used as English.D) It will eventually become a world language.9. A) Its popularity with the common people.B) The effect of the Industrial Revolution.C) The influence of the British Empire.D) Its loan words from many languages.10. A) It has a growing number of newly coined words.B) It includes a lot of words from other languages.C) It is the largest among all languages in the world.D) It can be easily picked up by overseas travelers.11. A) The English grammar is quite easy.B) It is greatly influenced by French.C) It could be pronounced easily.D) It is attractive to England beginners.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A) To place an order.B) To apply for a job.C) To return some goods.D) To make a complaint.13. A) He works on a part-time basis for the company.B) He has not worked in the sales department for long.C) He is not familiar with the exact details of the goods.D) He has become somewhat impatient with the woman.14. A) It is not his responsibility.B) It will be free for large orders.C) It depends on a number of factors.D) It costs￡15 more for express delivery.15. A) Make inquiries with some other companies.B) Report the information to her superior.C) Pay a visit to the saleswoman in charge.D) Ring back when she comes to a decision.Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passage. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C), and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1with a single line through thecentre.Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A) No one knows for sure when they came into being.B) No one knows exactly where they were first made.C) No one knows for what purpose they were invented.D) No one knows what they will look like in the future.17. A) Measure the speed of wind.B) Give warnings of danger.C) Pass on secret messages.D) Carry ropes across rivers.18. A) To find out the strength of silk for kites.B) To test the effects of the lightning rod.C) To prove that lightning is electricity.D) To protect houses against lightning.Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 22 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A) She was born with a talent for languages.B) She was tainted to be an interpreter.C) She can speak several languages.D) She enjoys teaching languages.20. A) They want to learn as many foreign languages as possible.B) They have an intense interest in cross-cultural interactions.C) They acquire an immunity to culture shock.D) They would like to live abroad permanently.21. A) She became an expert in horse racing.B) She learned to appreciate classical music.C) She was able to translate for a German sports judge.D) She got a chance to visit several European countries.22. A) Take part in a cooking competition.B) Taste the beef and give her comment.C) Teach vocabulary for food in English.D) Give cooking lessons on Western food.Passage ThreeQuestions 23 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.23. A) He had only a third-grade education.B) He once threatened to kill his teacher.C) He often helped his mother do housework.D) He grew up in a poor single-parent family.24. A) Careless.B) Stupid.C) Brave.D) Active.25. A) Watch educational TV programs only.B) Write two book reports a week.C) Help with housework.D) Keep a diary.Part ⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes) Section ADirections：In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a wordbank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully beforemaking your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the center. You may not use any of the wordsin the bank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Scholars of the information society are divided over whether social inequality decreases or increases in an information-based society. However, they generally agree with the idea that inequality in the information society is 26 different from that of an industrial society. As information progresses in society, the cause and structural nature of social inequality changes as well.It seems that the information society 27 the quantity of information available to the members of a society by revolutionizing the ways of using and exchanging information. But such a view is a 28 analysis based on the quantity of information supplied by various forms of the mass media. A different 29 is possible when the actual amount of information 30 by the user is taken into account. In fact, the more information 31 throughout the entire society, the wider the gap becomes between “information haves” and “information have-mo ts”, leading to digital divide.According to recent studies, digital divide has been caused by three major 32 class, sex, and generation. In terms of class, digital divide exists among different types of workers and between the upper and middle classes and the lower class. With 33 to sex, digital divide exists between men and women. The greatest gap, however, is between the Net-generation, 34 with personal computers and the Internet, and the older generation, 35 to an industrial society.A) accustomedB) acquiredC) assemblyD) attribute I) flowsJ) fundamentally K) interpretation L) passiveE) championsF) elementsG) expandsH) familiar M) regardN) respectively O) superficialSection BDirections:In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information isderived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraphis marked with a letter. Answer the question by marking thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Joy: A Subject Schools LackBecoming educated should not require giving up pleasure.[A] When Jonathan Swift proposed, in 1729, that the people of Ireland eat theirchildren, he insisted it would solve three problems at once: feed the hungry masses, reduce the population during a severe depression, and stimulate the restaurant business. Even as a satire (讽刺), it seems disgusting and shocking in America with its child-centered culture. But actually, the country is closer to his proposal than you might think.[B] If you spend much time with educators and policy makers, you'll hear a lot of thefollowing words: “standards”,“results”,“skills”,“self-control”,“accountability”, and so on. I have visited some of the newer supposedly “effective” schools, where children shout slogans in order to learn self-control or must stand behind their desk when they can’t sit still.[C] A look at what goes on in most classrooms these days makes it abundantly clearthat when people think about education, they are not thinking about what it feels like to be a child, or what makes childhood an important and valuable stage of life in its own right.[D] I’m a mother of three, a teacher, and a developmental psychologist. So I’vewatched a lot of children-talking, playing, arguing, eating, studying, and being young. Here’s what I’ve come to understand. The thing that sets children apart from adults is not their ignorance, nor their lack of skills. It’s their enormous capacity for joy. Think of a 3-year-old lost in the pleasures of finding out what hecan and cannot sink in the bathtub, a 5-year-old beside herself with the thrill of putting together strings of nonsensical words with her best friends, or an 11-year-old completely absorbed in a fascinating comic strip. A child’s ability to become deeply absorbed in something, and derive intense pleasure from that absorption, is something adults spend the rest of their lives trying to return to.[E] A friend told me the following story. One day, when he went to get his 7-year-oldson from soccer practice, his kid greeted him with a downcast face and a sad voice.The coach had criticized him for not focusing on his soccer drills. The little boy walked out of the school with his head and shoulders hanging down. He seemed wrapped in sadness. But just before he reached the car door, he suddenly stopped, crouching (蹲伏) down to peer at something on the sidewalk. His face went down lower and lower, and then, with com plete joy he called out, “e here.This is the strangest bug I’ve ever seen. It has, like, a million legs. Look at this.It’s amazing.”He looked up at his father, his features overflowing with energy and delight. Can’t we stay here for just a minut e? I want to find out what he does with all those legs. This is the coolest ever.[F] The traditional view of such moments is that they constitute a charming butirrelevant byproduct of youth-something to be pushed aside to make room for more important qualities, like perseverance (坚持不懈), obligation, and practicality. Yet moments like this one are just the kind of intense absorption and pleasure adults spend the rest of their lives seeking. Human lives are governed by the desire to experience joy. Becoming educated should not require giving up joy but rather lead to finding joy in new kinds of things: reading novels instead of playing with small figures, conducting experiments instead of sinking cups in the bathtub, and debating serious issues rather than stringing together nonsense words, for example. In some cases, schools should help children find new, more grown-up ways of doing the same things that are constant sources of joy: making art, making friends, making decisions.[G] Building on a child’s abil ity to feel joy, rather than pushing it aside, wouldn't bethat hard. It would just require a shift in the education world’s mindset (思维模式). Instead of trying to get children to work hard, why not focus on getting them to take pleasure in meaningful, productive activity, like making things, working with others, exploring ideas, and solving problems? These focuses are not so different from the things in which they delight.[H] Before you brush this argument aside as rubbish, or think of joy as anunaffordable luxury in a nation where there is awful poverty, low academic achievement, and high dropout rates, think again. The more horrible the school circumstances, the more important pleasure is to achieving any educational success.[I] Many of the assignments and rules teachers come up with, often because they arepressured by their administrators, treat pleasure and joy as the enemies of competence and responsibility. The assumption is that children shouldn’t chat in the classroom because it hinders hard work; instead, they should learn to delay gratification (快乐) so that they can pursue abstract goals, like going to college.[J] Not only is this a boring and awful way to treat children, it makes no sense educationally. Decades of research have shown that in order to acquire skills and real knowledge in school, kids need to want to learn. You can force a child to stay in his or her seat, fill out a worksheet, or practice division. But you can’t force the child to think carefully, enjoy books, digest complex information, or develop a taste for learning. To make that happen, you have to help the child find pleasure in learning-to see school as a source of joy.[K] Adults tend to talk about learning as if it were medicine: unpleasant, but necessary and good for you. Why not instead think of learning as if it were food—something so valuable to humans that they have evolved to experience it asa pleasure?[L] Joy should not be trained out of children or left for after-school programs. The more difficult a child’s life circumstances, the more important it is for that child to find joy in his or her classroom. “Pleasure” is not a dirty word. And it doesn’t run counter to the goals of public education. It is, in fact, the precondition.36. It will not be difficult to make learning a source of joy if educators change theirway of thinking.37. What distinguishes children from adults is their strong ability to derive joy fromwhat they are doing.38. Children in America are being treated with shocking cruelty.39. It is human nature to seek joy in life.40. Grown-ups are likely to think that learning to children is what medicine is topatients.41. Bad school conditions make it all the more important to turn learning into a joyfulexperience.42. Adults do not consider children’s feelings when it comes to education.43. Administrators seem to believe that only hard work will lead children to theireducational goals.44. In the so-called “effective” schools, children are taught self-control under a set ofstrict rules.45. To make learning effective, educators have to ensure that children want to learn.Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are fourchoices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.When it’s five o’clock, people leave their office. The length of the workday, for many workers, is defined by time. They leave when the clock tells them they’re done.These days, the time is everywhere: not just on clocks or watches, but on cell-phones and computers. That may be a bad thing, particularly at work. New research shows that clock-based work schedules hinder morale (士气) and creativity.Clock-timers organize their day by blocks of minutes and hours. For example: a meeting from9 a.m.to 10 a.m. research from 10 a.m.to noon, etc. On the other hand, task-timers have a list of things they want to accomplish. They work down the list, each task starts when the previous task is completed. It is said that all of us employ a mix of both these types of planning.What, then, are the effects of thinking about time in these different ways? Does one make us more productive? Better at the tasks at hand? Happier? In experiments conducted by Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier, they had participants organize different activities-from project planning, holiday shopping, to yoga-by time or to-do list to measure how they performed under “clock time” vs “task tinge.” They found clock timers to be more efficient but less happy because they felt little control over their lives. Task timers are happier and more creative, but less productive. They tendto enjoy the moment when something good is happening, and seize opportunities that come up.The researchers argue that task-based organizing tends to be undervalued and under-supported in business culture. Smart companies, they believe, will try to bake more task-based planning into their strategies.This might be a small change to the way we view work and the office, but the researchers argue that it challenges a widespread characteristic of the economy: work organized by clock time. While most people will still probably need, and be, to some extent, clock-timers, task-based timing should be used when performing a job that requires more creativity. It’ll make those tasks easier,and the task-doers will be happier.46. What does the author think of time displayed everywhere?A) It makes everybody time-conscious.B) It is a convenience for work and life.C) It may have a negative effect on creative work.D) It clearly indicates the fast pace of modern life.47. How do people usually go about their work according to the author?A) They combine clock-based and task-based planning.B) They give priority to the most urgent task on hand.C) They set a time limit for each specific task.D) They accomplish their tasks one by one.48. What did Tamar Avnet and Anne-Laure Sellier find in their experiments aboutclock-timers?A) They seize opportunities as they come up.B) They always get their work done in time.C) They have more control-over their lives.D) They tend to be more productive.49. What do the researchers say about today’s business culture?A) It does not support the strategies adopted by smart companies.B) It does not attach enough importance to task-based practice.C) It places more emphasis on work efficiency than on workers’ lives.D) It aims to bring employees’ potential and creativity into full play.50. What do the researchers suggest?A) Task-based timing is preferred for doing creative work.B) It is important to keep a balance between work and life.C) Performing creative jobs tends to make workers happier.D) A scientific standard should be adopted in job evaluation.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Martha Stewart was charged, tried and convicted of a crime in 2004. As she neared the end of her prison sentence, a well-known columnist wrote that she was “paying her dues,” and that “there is simply no reason for anyone to attem pt to deny her right to start anew.”Surely, the American ideal of second chances should not be reserved only for the rich and powerful. Unfortunately, many federal and state laws impose post-conviction restrictions on a shockingly large number of Americans, who are prevented from ever fully paying their debt to society.At least 65 million people in the United States have a criminal record. This can result in severe penalties that continue long after punishment is completed.Many of these penalties are imposed regardless of the seriousness of the offense or the person’s individual circumstances. Laws can restrict or ban voting, access to public housing, and professional and business licensing. They can affect a person’s ability to get a job and qualification for benefits.In all, more than 45,000 laws and rules serve to exclude vast numbers of people from fully participating in American life.Some laws make sense. No one advocates letting someone convicted of pedophilia(恋童癖) work in a school. But too often collateral (随附的) consequences bear no relation to public safety. Should a woman who possessed a small amount of drugs years ago be permanently unable to be licensed as a nurse?These laws are also counterproductive, since they make it harder for people with criminal records to find housing or land a job, two key factors that reduce backsliding.A recent report makes several recommendations, including the abolition of most post-conviction penalties, except for those specifically needed to protect public safety. Where the penalties are not a must, they should be imposed only if the facts of a case support it.The point is not to excuse or forget the crime. Rather, it is to recognize that in America’s vast criminal justice system, second chances are crucial. It is in no one’s interest to keep a large segment of the population on the margins of society.51. What does the well-known columnist’s remark about Martha Stewart suggest?A) Her past record might stand in her way to a new life.B) Her business went bankrupt while she was in prison.C) Her release from prison has drawn little attention.D) Her prison sentence might have been extended.52. What do we learn from the second paragraph about many criminals in America?A) They backslide after serving their terms in prison.B) They are deprived of chances to turn over a new leaf.C) They receive severe penalties for committing minor offenses.D) They are convicted regardless of their individual circumstances.53. What are the consequences for many Americans with a criminal record?A) They remain poor for the rest of their lives.B) They are deprived of all social benefits.C) They are marginalized in society.D) They are deserted by their family.54. What does the author think of the post-conviction laws and rules?A) They help to maintain social stability.B) Some of them have long been outdated.C) They are hardly understood by the public.D) A lot of them have negative effects on society.55. What is the author’s main purpose in writing the passage?A) To create opportunities for criminals to reform themselves.B) To appeal for changes in America’s criminal justice system.C) To ensure that people with a criminal record live a decent life.D) To call people’s attention to prisoners’ conditions in America.Part ⅣTranslation (30 minutes) Directions:For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English. You should, write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.中国父母往往过于关注孩子的学习，以至于不要他们帮忙做家务。
2015年12月英语四级考试真题试卷及答案【三套全】
2015年12月英语四级考试真题及答案【三套全】Part I Writing （30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay commenting on the saying "Listening is more important than talking？" You can cite examples to illustrate the importance of paying attention to others' opinions。
You should write at least 120words but no more than 180words。
注意：此部分试题在答题卡1上________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________1。
A）They admire the courage of space explorers.B）They were going to watch a wonderful movie.C）They enjoyed the movie on space exploration。
D）They like doing scientific exploration very much。
2。
A）In a school library。
B）At a gift shop。
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2015年6月大学英语四级真题答案（完整版卷一）（全文）2015-06-13 16:40:55来源: 新东方在线分享到：∙∙∙∙∙∙∙∙45听力答案ShortConversations1. A. Thewoman should go on playing chess.2. D.Mary probably knows Sally’s new address.3. B. Hisnotes are not easy to read.4. D. Theman had better choose another restaurant.5 .C. Hehas been looking forward to spring.6. B. Theman appreciates the woman’s help.7. B. Goto work on foot.8. A.Temporary closing has disturbed the airport’s operation.Conversionone9. C. Ithas a chemical processing plant.10. D.He’s a salesman.11.C. Mr.Grand’s personal assistance.12. B.Provide details of their products and services. Conversiontwo13. A.She listened to recordings of many European orchestras.14. D.She began taking violin lessons as a small child.15. A. Itwas the chance of a lifetime.PassageOne16. B)His personal history is little known.17. D) Hewas a member of the town council.18. C)Possible sources of clues about him were lost in a fire. PassageTwo19. A)Theft.20. B)Have the right documents.21. B)Use official transport.Passage322. C)Sell inexpensive products.23. A) Ata meeting of top British businesspeople.24. D)Insulted.25. B)There should be a limit to one's sense of humour 填空:26.prospering27.decade28.opposite29.sustain30. Insimple terms31.establish32.reasonably33. takeinto account34.misleading35. usingup选词填空答案：36 H passively37 F harmful38 I previously39 L surfing40 C decade41 A climbed42 G outcomes43 E effective44 B consume45 D determine阅读答案：46-55 FBMCE QGPJD56 B)Well-educated people tend to work longer.57 B) A rapidtechnological advance.58 A) Economicgrowth will slow down.59 C) Evenwealthy people must work longer to live comfortably in retirement.60 D) Skillsare highly valued regardless of age.61 C) Thedecline of the grain yield growth.62 A) Theirself-sufficiency is vital to the stability of world food markets.63 D) Theyfocus more on the increase of animal feed than human food feed grains.64 D) The worldwill be able to feed its population without increasing farmland.65 B) It isbased on a doubtful assumption.翻译答案：在西方人心目中，和中国联系最为密切的基本食物是大米。
长期以来，大米在中国人的饮食中占据很重要的地位，以至于有谚语说“巧妇难为无米之炊”。
中国南方大多种植水稻，人们通常以大米为主食;而华北大部分地区由于过于寒冷或过于干燥无法种植水稻，那里的主要作物是小麦。
在中国，有些人用面粉做面包，但大多数人用面粉做馒头和面条。
In the eyes ofthe western, the basic food closest to China isrice. Rice has long occupied sosignificant a position in the dietof Chinese that there is a proverb “ Even a clever housewife cannotcook a meal without rice”. Rice is grown mostly in southern Chinawhere people usually takerice as their staple food, while itcannot be planted in northern China wherethe climate is either toocold or too dry for rice to grow. As a result, themain crop in thenorth is wheat. In China, flour is sometimes the mainingredientfor bread but more often used to make buns and noodles。
第一句，简单句;第二句如此以至于结构“so... that…"注意so的用法，直接接adj.或adv。
第三句南北对比，可以用while或whereas连接，最后一句也是对比句，主语people是比较泛的大主语，考虑改写为被动句。
写作参考范文：As isgraphicallydepicted in the cartoon, modern life has been dominated bycomputers.No matter the young man is in the office, at home, andin his spare time, theonly friend he has is a computer. Even whenhe sleeps, what is in his dream isstill the computer. Apparently,the cartoon aims to reveal the fact that thecomputer has begun toplay a negative role in the modern life.第一段三句话，第一句大体描写，第二句细节描写，第三句话揭示图画目的。
The reasonswhymodern people are tied up with computers are as follows. To beginwith, theyhave become increasingly busier in making money;therefore, they need a quickway to outlet their pressure andexhaustion and computer is their idealcompanion. Moreover,computers can assist people to deal with complicatedworking stuff,make friends, and entertain themselves because they havebecomegrowingly powerful and everything else is linked with them. Forinstance,two decades ago, computers were far from popular andpeople used them to topractice typing letters and do basic works.However, with the Internet becomingpervasive, computers haveintegrated music, films, shopping, and everything welike intotheir worlds. Now, when we power on the all-mighty computers, whatwewant is out there for us.第二段：中心句+两原因+一例子，原因句型先果后因和先因后果，思路是攻受各一个。
To sum up, thislifestyle is absolutely imperfect. In order to lead a healthy life,we are supposed to do more exercises and expose ourselves to thetangible world. Meanwhile, it is about time that we powered thecomputer off and talked with our friends and familily face-to-face.Only in these ways will modern life become more beautiful for youand me.。