主语和谓语的一致培训资料

主语和谓语的一致.

1.主语和谓语的一致关系:

谓语要与主语在人称和数上保持一致:

Her dreams have come true.

Her dream has come true.

She often arrives at school late.

They often arrive at school late.

It is getting dark.

Eggs are getting scarcer.

I am getting bored.

2.确定主语单复数的三个原则:

2 – 1. 语法上一致的原则:

The boy plays football well.

The boys play football well.

It is bitterly cold.

I am very cold.

2 – 2. 概念上一致的原则:

My family are all early risers. (指家中的全体成员, 有复数含义)

His family has moved into the new house. (指整个家, 用作单数)

Five minutes is enough. (一个时间段, 看作单数)

The crew are waiting for instructions from the captain. (指全体船员, 复数)

2 – 3. 邻近词一致的原则:

Neither he nor they are wholly right.

Neither Tom nor the Browns enjoy their journey to Beijing owing to the bad weather.

Either your key or my key is missing.

Not only but also their teacher has participated in the party.

He or I am in the wrong.

-what’s worth visiting there?

-well, there’s the park, the castle and the museum.

3. 主谓一致的具体原则:

3 – 1. 根据语法一致的原则确定谓语形式:

单数主语+ 单数谓语; 复数主语+ 复数谓语

The teacher encourages the students to speak freely.

My wages are low, but me taxes are high.

Their house has nine room.

It always pays to give your paper one final check.

在“主语+系词+表语结构”中, 系动词要与主语的数保持一致, 不受其表语的影响.

Their greatest concern is the children.

The most appreciated gift was the clothes that you sent us.

What we need most is books.

Paul is friends with bill.

在“单数名词(主语)+(together)with+名词”结构中谓语只与主语保持一致, 这是因为上述短语只起修饰主语的作用, 而非主语的一部分.

短语:

Along with, as well as, in addition to, accompanied by, rather than, as much as, no less than, including, besides, except, but, like.

The factory with all its equipment has been burnt.

You as well as I are wrong.

The manager, along with his secretaries, is going to a dinner party tonight.

An expert, together with some assistants, was sent to help in this work.

The teacher, as much as the parents, is to blame for the accident.

Mr. Robbins, accompanied by his wife, is arriving tonight.

3 – 2 主语含有and时的谓语形式:

“单数名词+ and + 单数名词”作主语, 谓语动词用复数.

Reading, writing and arithmetic are called the three R’s.

Joe and Bob are smart.

He and I are good friends.

The poet and the novelist were both present at the meeting.

如果由and 所连接的并列主语指的是同一个人或物事, 谓语动词用单数.

The statesman and poet was engaged in warfare all his life.

A teacher and novelist is going to make a speech in the hall.

A / The + 单数名词人+ and + 单数名词人+ 单数谓语

指同一个人身兼两种职务.

A / The + 单数名词人+ and + a/the + 单数名词+ 复数谓语

指不同职务的两个人.

The conductor and composer was greeted by a crowd of people.

The conductor and the composer were greeted by a crowd of people.

一下已被看成一个整体, 因而做主语时, 谓语动词用单数.

Knife and fork, needle and thread, a cup and saucer, a horse and carriage, trial and error, law and order, etc.

Law and order has been established.

Bread and butter is our daily food.

Fish and chips is a popular fast food.

The stars and stripes is the natioanl flag of USA.

The sum and substance of the speech was antiwar.

主语为“every / each + 单数名词+ and + (every / each +) 单数名词”时, 谓语用单数.

Every man, woman, and child needs love.

Each boy and girl was given a book.

Each book and each paper is held in place.

Every minute and every second is precious.

主语为“形容词+ and + 形容词+ 不可数名词或复数可数名词”, 并且是涉及到该名词的品种或类别时, 谓语动词用复数.

Chinese and british beer are served at the pub.

Cooling draft beer is served at the pub.

Clever and dull students are treated alike.

There is a black and white picture on the wall.