prod_price

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价格研究中的数据分析

不主张把现价放在价格表的两头
每个品牌的现价应在同一位置
*
BPTO - 品牌价格抵补模型
填写价格表
可以填写整个价格表，但是...
非常费时（贵，被访者容易疲劳）
不是很现实（选择一定品牌）
最低要求
至少有一个品牌达到最高价格水平
至少有一个品牌必须达到最高价格水平
必须作出最小数量的选择
并且
最好的折中办法（保证品牌和价格梯度都又充分的数据）
品牌 D
价格1
价格2
价格3
价格4
价格5
02
价格3
*
测试过程 (iv)
品牌 A
品牌 B
品牌 C
品牌 D
01
04
03
价格2
价格1
价格1
品牌 A
品牌 B
品牌 C
品牌 D
价格1
价格2
价格3
价格4
价格5
02
价格3
*
测试过程 (vi)
品牌 A
品牌 B
品牌 C
品牌 D
01
04
价格2
03
价格2
价格1
05
品牌 A
Or in addition in a competitive context to evaluate how products interact in the market given a series of pricing changes (cannibalisation自相蚕食行为)
*
‘How likely are you to buy… ?’
方法简单，容易操作
探索性了解消费者自发的价格感知，而不是在市场竞争的环境中测量。

(附答案)数据库期中考试复习题目汇总

《数据库概论》课程期中复习题目汇总一、为某百货公司设计一个E-R模型。

百货管辖若干个连锁商店，每家商店经营若干商品，每家商店有若干职工，但每个职工只能服务于一家商店。

实体类型“商店”的属性有：商店编号，店号，店址，店经理。

实体类型“商品”的属性有：商品编号，商品名，单价，产地。

实体类型“职工”的属性有：职工编号，职工名，性别，工资。

在联系中应反映出职工参加某商店工作的开始时间，商店销售商品的有销售量。

试画出反映商店、商品、职工实体类型及联系类型的ER图，并将其转换成关系模式集。

二、关系代数设有三个关系：S(S#,SNAME,AGE,SEX)SC(S#,C#,GRADE)C(C#,CNAME,TEACHER)说明：S#——学号SNAME——学生姓名AGE——年龄SEX——性别C#——课程号CNAME——课程名TEACHER——教师GRADE——成绩试用关系代数写出查询语句。

(1)检索LIU老师所授课程的课程号、课程名。

(2)检索年龄大于23岁的男学生的学号与姓名。

(3)检索学号为S3学生所学课程的课程名与任课教师名。

(4)检索至少选修LIU老师所授课程中一门课程的女学生的姓名。

(5)检索W ANG同学不学的课程号。

(6)检索至少选修两门课程的学生学号。

(7)检索全部学生都选修的课程的课程号与学生学号。

(8)检索选修课程包含LIU老师所授课程的学生学号。

（用∞代表自然连接）：（1）πC#,CNA ME(σTEA CHER='LIU'(C))（2）πS#,SNAME(σAGE＞'23'∧SEX='男'(S))（3）πCNA ME,TEACHER(σS#='S3'(SC∞C))（4）πSNAME(σSEX='女'∧TEA CHER='LIU'(S∞SC∞C))（5）πC#(C)-πC#(σSNAME='WANG'(S∞SC))（6）πS#(σ1=4∧2≠5(SC×SC)) (SC自乘之后，同一个学号下两个课程号不同的元组)（7）πC#,S#(SC∞(πS#,C#(SC)÷πS#(S))))（8）πS#(σTEA CHER='LIU'(S∞SC∞C))三、SQL语句（1）1、建立一个数据库和五张表的表结构。

数据库主观题1

一．选择题1.描述事物的符号记录称为( )。

BA. 信息B. 数据C. 记录D. 记录集合2.( )是长期存储在计算机内的有组织,可共享的数据集合。

CA. 数据库管理系统B. 数据库系统C. 数据库D. 文件系统3.( )是位于用户与操作系统之间的一层数据管理软件。

AA. 数据库管理系统B. 数据库系统C. 数据库D. 数据库应用系统4.人工管理阶段,数据是( )。

BA. 有结构的B. 无结构的C. 整体无结构,记录有结构D. 整体结构化的5.在数据库系统阶段,数据是( )。

DA. 有结构的B. 无结构的C. 整体无结构,记录有结构D. 整体结构化的6.在文件系统阶段,数据是( )。

BA. 无独立性B. 独立性差C. 具有物理独立性D. 具有逻辑独立性7.在数据库系统阶段,数据是( )。

BA. 具有物理独立性B. 具有物理独立性和逻辑独立性C.独立性差D. 具有高度的物理独立性和一定程度的逻辑独立性8.非关系模型中数据结构的基本单位是( )。

CA. 两个记录型间的联系B. 记录C. 基本层次联系D. 实体间多对多的联系E.实体间一对多的联系9.数据库的三级模式中,数据的全局逻辑结构用( )来描述。

CA. 存储模式B. 用户模式C. 模式D. 内模式10.用户涉及的逻辑结构用( )描述 DA. 模式B. 内模式C. 概念模式D. 外模式11.( )是控制数据整体结构的人,负责三级结构定义和修改。

CA. 专业用户B. 应用程序员C. DBAD. 一般用户12.关系模型的程序员不需熟悉数据库的( )。

CA. 数据操作B. 完整性约束条件C. 存取路径D. 数据定义二．填空题1.数据库系统不仅包括数据库本身,还要包括相应的数据库管理系统 , 应用系统 ,数据库管理员。

2.传统的三种主要的数据模型包括概念模型 , 物理模型 , 逻辑模型。

3.数据模型的三要素包括数据结构、 , 数据操作 , 及完整性约束条件。

SQL必知必会

SQL必知必会SQL必知必会第⼀课：了解SQL1、不同的DBMS中，相同的数据类型拥有不同的名称。

1）表中的数据是按⾏存储的。

row（⾏）表中的⼀个记录。

表中的⾏有多种称呼，有的⽤户称之为数据库记录（record）,有的称呼为⾏（row）这个两个专业术语可以交替使⽤，但是从技术上来说，“⾏（row）”才是正常的术语。

主键：primary key，⼀列（或者⼀组列）其值能够唯⼀的标识表中的每⼀⾏。

注意：应该总是定义主键，创建的每个表都应该有⼀个主键，以便于以后数据库的操作和管理。

表中的任何列都可以作为主键，只需要满⾜下列条件。

1）任意两⾏都不具有相同的主键值（唯⼀性）2）每⼀⾏都必须具有⼀个主键值（主键值不允许为null）3）主键列中的值不允许修改或更新4）主键值不能重⽤（如果某⾏从表中删除，它的主键不能赋值给以后的新创建的⾏。

）主键通常定义在表的⼀列上，也可以使⽤多个列作为主键（联合主键），多个列作为主键，上述4个条件必须应⽤到所有的列，所有列值的组合必须唯⼀（满⾜主键的唯⼀性）SQL(structure qurey language)结构话查询语⾔，⽤来与数据库沟通的语⾔。

第⼆课:检索数据注意：SQL不区分⼤⼩写，因此SELECT 和 select是⼀样的。

在处理SQL语句时，所有的空格都会被忽略。

select prod_name from products;select prod_namefrom products;表⽰同样的意思。

说明：许多SQL开发⼈员喜欢对SQL关键字使⽤⼤写，⽽对列名和表名使⽤⼩写，这样做的⽬的是使代码更易于阅读和调式。

SELECT prod_name FROM products;2、检索单个列SELECTprod_nameFROMproducts;⼤多数SQL开发⼈员认为将SQL语句分成多⾏更容易阅读和调式。

3、检索多个列SELECT prod_id,prod_name,prod_price FROM products;注意：多个列查询，SELECT关键字后⾯跟列名，多个列中间使⽤逗号“，”进⾏分隔，最后⼀个需要查询的列不⽤逗号分隔。

Oracle数据库考试试题库

1.启动数据库的命令（A ）。

A.startupB.startup openC.shutdownD.startup database2.（C ）是启动数据库时用来记录数据文件、联机日志文件的相关信息的二进制文件。

A.数据文件B.参数文件C.控制文件D.归档文件3.你需要在表SALES里查找一些产品明细，其中PROD_ID列包括字符'_D123'。

（B ）WHERE子句条件能得到这些相符产品。

A. WHERE prod_id LIKE '%_D123%' ESCAPE '_'B. WHERE prod_id LIKE '%\_D123%' ESCAPE '\'C. WHERE prod_id LIKE '%_D123%' ESCAPE '%_'D. WHERE prod_id LIKE '%\_D123%' ESCAPE '\_'4.关于单行函数，哪一个描述是正确的？（D ）A. 他们只能接受一个参数。

B. 他们只能嵌套两层。

C. 参数只能是字段值或常量。

D. 他们始终为查找表中的每个行返回一个值。

5.下面哪个SQL语句显示1890.55 as $1,890.55？（ADE ）选三项A. SELECT TO_CHAR(1890.55,'$0G000D00')FROM DUAL;B. SELECT TO_CHAR(1890.55,'$9,999V99')FROM DUAL;C. SELECT TO_CHAR(1890.55,'$99,999D99')FROM DUAL;D. SELECT TO_CHAR(1890.55,'$99G999D00')FROM DUAL;E. SELECT TO_CHAR(1890.55,'$99G999D99')FROM DUAL;6.下列关于ORACLE的to_date函数和to_char函数，描述正确的是（BC ）选两项A. to_char函数是将字符串数据转换为日期数据B. to_date函数是将字符串数据转换为日期数据C. to_char函数是将日期数据转换为字符数据D. to_date函数是将日期数据转换为字符数据7.在表emp里，计算员工的年薪SAL*12并生成别名Annual Salary。

迷你世界描述教学讲义

迷你世界描述
本系統的目的就是要讓消費者在網路上可以挑選所需的電腦商品、訂購商品，也提供電腦商品的最新資訊給顧客，如排行榜、熱賣商品等資訊，另外提供一個留言版讓顧客發表自己的意見。
資料及功能需求分析
資料需求
‧會員(Distributor) 每位會員有會員編號(distri_num)、公司名稱(company) 、負責人(boss_name)、公司所在縣市(hsienshi_code)、電話(phone)、地址(address)、電子信箱(e-mail)、密碼(password)，會員編號為唯一。
功能需求分析
會員專區加入會員：提供瀏覽者線上註冊。登錄會員：進行交易及查詢產品時，需要先登錄會員。
管理專區管理者可以對產品做新增、刪除、修改、查詢、統計等動作。管理者可以查看所有留言內容。
管理者可以查詢或統計會員線上交易及相關資訊。產品查詢依產品名查詢：依產品名查詢相關產品及介紹。依價格查詢；依產品價格查詢相關資訊。依類型查詢：依產品類型查詢相關資訊。
架構圖
管理者
使用者A 使用者 B
線上購物資料庫
網際網路
…...
使用者 D
使用者 N
………….
distri_num cartTime order_num mId distri_num mTime mContent
評價 Rank
distri_num supp_code prod_num score
瀏覽 Browse
訂購 Check
記錄 Record
distri_num supp_code prod_num distri_num cartTime supp_code prod_num order_num supp_code prod_num quantity salePrice

商品销售管理系统毕业论文开题报告.

超市管理系统毕业论文目录论文摘要（中文） (2)（英文） (3)引言一、系统调查1.1社会背景 (4)1.2公司背景 (4)二、可行性研究2.1问题定义 (6)2.2经济可行性研究 (6)2.3技术可行性研究 (7)2.4社会可行性研究 (7)2.5操作可行性研究 (7)2.5系统的需求分析 (7)三、需求分析3.1需求分析概述 (9)3.2设计原则 (9)3.3 业务流程分析 (9)3.4系统数据流分析 (11)3.5数据字典 (12)3.6功能需求 (14)3.7性能需求 (15)3.8运行需求 (15)四、系统设计4.1系统总体结构图： (16)4.2各子系统功能分析 (16)第五章.系统数据模型分析与设计 (22)第九章. 系统调试9.1模块测试 (34)9.2整体测试 (34)第十章.软件安装及配置说明谢辞 (36)参考文献 (37)摘要本文主要是介绍超市信息管理信息系统的环境、功能作用、所用到的语言、设计的方案等各方面的内容。

主要是让使用者了解此系统，使他们能更好的运用本系统，使此系统发挥出应有的作用。

本系统运用计算机管理信息技术，建立数据库，对超市的运作过程进行详细的分析, 实现了对超市的科学管理。

本系统主要包括以下几大模块：输入单据：用户商品信息商品销售查询：用户查询商品信息查询销售：销售商品销售商品价格销售商品打印报表：商品管理报表销售清单报表本文共分为五大部分，第一部分简要叙述了计算机科学及IT 产业的发展状况和本系统基本概况。

第二，三部分分别按照软件工程的要求出发，首先进行问题定义，解决目标问题，其次进行可行性研究，分别从技术可行性，经济可行性和操作可行性进行分析，然后进行的总体设计和详细设计阐述了如何实现具体功能。

第四部分为系统调试其中包括子模块测试和总体测试。

第五部分为帮助文件和参考文献。

1.1 社会背景：在会计业务中，产成品的完成，发出和结存关系到超市销计划的完成和流动资金占用情况，而销售核算子系统是电算化会计系统中一个关键且比较复杂的子系统。

国际贸易常用英语缩写

国际贸易常用英语缩写CFR(cost and freight)成本加运费价D/P(document against payment)付款交单C.O (certificate of origin)一般原产地证CTN/CTNS(carton/cartons)纸箱DL/DLS(dollar/dollars)美元PKG(package)一包，一捆，一扎，一件等G.W.(gross weight)毛重C/D (customs declaration)报关单W (with)具有FAC(facsimile)传真EXP（export)出口MIN (minimum)最小的，最低限度M/V（merchant vessel)商船MT或M/T(metric ton)公吨INT（international)国际的INV (invoice)发票REF （reference)参考、查价STL.(style)式样、款式、类型RMB（renminbi)人民币PR或PRC(price) 价格S/C（sales contract)销售确认书B/L （bill of lading)提单CIF （cost,insurance&freight)成本、保险加运费价T/T(telegraphic transfer)电汇D/A (document against acceptance)承兑交单G.S.P.(generalized system of preferences)普惠制PCE/PCS(piece/pieces)只、个、支等DOZ/DZ(dozen)一打WT(weight)重量N.W.(net weight)净重EA(each)每个，各w/o(without)没有IMP(import)进口MAX (maximum)最大的、最大限度的M 或MED (medium)中等，中级的S.S(steamship)船运DOC (document)文件、单据P/L (packing list)装箱单、明细表PCT (percent)百分比EMS （express mail special)特快传递T或L TX或TX(telex)电传S/M （shipping marks)装船标记PUR (purchase)购买、购货L/C （letter of credit)信用证AA Always afloat 经常漂浮AA Always accessible 经常进入AA A verage adjusters 海损理算师AAR Against all risks 承保一切险AB Able bodied seamen 一级水手AB A verage bond 海损分担证书A/B AKtiebolaget (瑞典)股份公司A/B Abean 正横ABS American Bureau of Shipping 美国船级协会ABT About 大约ABB Abbreviation 缩略语A/C,ACCT Account 帐目AC Alter couse 改变航向AC Account current 活期存款，来往帐户AC Alernating current 交流电ACC Accepted; acceptance 接受，同意ACC.L Accommodation ladder 舷梯A.&C.P. Anchor & chains proved 锚及锚链试验合格ACV Air cushion vehicle 气垫船ACDGLY Accordingly 遵照AD Anno Domini 公元后AD After draft 后吃水ADD Address 地址ADDCOM Address commission 租船佣金ADF Automatic direction finder 自动测向仪AD V AL Ad valorm 从价（运费）ADV Advise;advice; advance 告知；忠告；预支A/E Auxiliary engine 辅机AF Advanced freight 预付运费AFAC As fast as can 尽可能快地AF Agency fee 代理费AFP Agence France press 法新社AFS As follows 如下AFT After 在。

外贸英语中的 PRICE 贸易术语及句子

外贸英语中的PRICE 贸易术语及句子Business is closed at this price. 交易就按此价敲定。

Your price inacceptable (unacceptable). 你方价格可以（不可以）接受。

Your price is feasible (infeasible). 你方价格是可行（不可行）的。

Your price is workable. 你们出价可行。

Your price is realistic (unrealistic). 你方价格合乎实际（不现实）。

Your price is reasonable (unreasonable). 你方价格合理（不合理）。

Your price is practicable (impracticable).你方价格是行得通的（行不通）。

Your price is attractive (not attractive).你方价格有吸引力（无吸引力）。

Your price is inducing (not inducing).你方价格有吸引力（无吸引力）。

Your price is convincing (not convincing).你方价格有吸引力（无吸引力）。

Your price is competitive (not competitive).你方价格有竞争力（无竞争力）。

The goods are (not) competitively priced.此货的定价有（无）竞争力。

Words and Phrasesprice 价格，定价，开价priced 已标价的，有定价的pricing 定价，标价priced catalogue 定价目录price of commodities 物价pricing cost 定价成本price card 价格目录pricing method 定价方法price list 定价政策，价格目录，价格单pricing policy 定价政策price format 价格目录，价格表price tag 价格卷标，标价条price current (p.c.) 市价表（二）Price is turning high(low). 价格上涨（下跌）。

SAS BASE 123试题+答案详解

QUESTION 1In the following SAS program, the input data files are sorted by the NAMES variable:libnametemp 'SAS-data-library';data temp.sales;merge temp.saleswork.receipt;by names;run;Which one of the following results occurs when this program is submitted?A. The program executes successfully and a temporary SAS data set is created.B. The program executes successfully and a permanent SAS data set is created.C. The program fails execution because the same SAS data set is referenced for both read and write operations.D. The program fails execution because the SAS data sets on the MERGE statement are in two different libraries.Answer: BQUESTION 2When the following SAS program is submitted, the data set SASDATA.PRDSALES contains 5000 observations:libnamesastemp 'SAS-data-library';options obs = 500;proc print data = sasdata.prdsales (firsttobs = 100);run;options obs = max;proc means data = sasdata.prdsales (firsttobs = 500);run;How many observations are processed by each procedure?A. 400 for PROC PRINT4500 for PROC MEANSB. 401 for PROC PRINT4501 for PROC MEANSC. 401 for PROC PRINT4500 for PROC MEANSD. 500 for PROC PRINT5000 for PROC MEANSAnswer: BQUESTION 3The following SAS program is submitted:data work.new;length word $7;amount = 7;if amount = 5 then word = 'CAT';else if amount = 7 then word = 'DOG';else work = 'NONE!!!';amount = 5;run;Which one of the following represents the values of the AMOUNT and WORD variables?A. amount word5 DOGB. amount word5 CATC. amount word7 DOGD. amount word7 ' ' (missing character value)Answer: AQUESTION 4Which one of the following is true of the SUM statement in a SAS DATA step program?A. It is only valid in conjunction with a SUM function.B. It is not valid with the SET, MERGE and UPDATE statements.C. It adds the value of an expression to an accumulator variable and ignores missing values.D. It does not retain the accumulator variable value from one iteration of the SAS DATA step to the next.Answer: CQUESTION 5The following SAS program is submitted:data work.sets;do until (prod gt 6);prod + 1;end;run;Which one of the following is the value of the variable PROD in the output data set?A. 5B. 6C. 7D. 8Answer: CQUESTION 6The following SAS program is submitted:proc print data = sasuser.houses;run;<insert OPTIONS statement here>proc means data = sasuser.shoes;run;Which one of the following OPTIONS statements resets the page number to 1 for the second report?A. option pageno = 1;B. option pagenum = 1;C. options reset pageno = 1;D. options reset pagenum = 1;Answer: AQUESTION 7The contents of the raw data file PRODUCT are listed below:----|----10---|----20---|----3024613 $25.31The following SAS program is submitted:data inventory;infile 'product';input idnum 5. @10 price;run;Which one of the following is the value of the PRICE variable?A. 25.31B. $25.31C. . (missing numeric value)D. No value is stored as the program fails to execute due to errors.Answer: CQUESTION 8The contents of the raw data file TYPECOLOR are listed below:----|----10---|----20---|----30daisyyellowThe following SAS program is submitted:data flowers;infile'typecolor';input type $ 1-5 +1 color $;run;Which one of the following represents the values of the variables TYPE and COLOR?A. type colordaisy yellowB. type colordaisy ellowC. type colordaisyyellow (missing character value)D. No values are stored as the program fails to execute due to syntax errors. Answer: BQUESTION 9A raw data record is listed below:----|----10---|----20---|----30son,Travis,The following output is desired:relation firstnameson TravisWhich one of the following SAS programs reads the data correctly?A. data family / dlm = ',';infile 'file-specification';input relation $ firstname $;run;B. option dlm = ',';data family;infile 'file-specification';input relation $ firstname $;run;C. data family;infile 'file-specification' option dlm = ',';input relation $ firstname $;run;D. data family;infile 'file-specification';input relation $ firstname $ / dlm = ',';run;Answer: CQUESTION 10The following SAS program is submitted:libnamerawdata1 'location of SAS data library';filename rawdata2 'location of raw data file';data work.testdata;infile<insert item here>input sales1 salse2;run;Which one of the following is needed to complete the program correctly?A. rawdata1B. rawdata2C. 'rawdata1'D. 'rawdata2'Answer: BQUESTION 11The following SAS program is submitted and reads 100 records from a raw data file:data work.total;infile 'file-specification' end = eof;input name $ salary;totsal+ salary;<insert IF statement here>run;Which one of the following IF statements writes the last observation to the output data set?A. if end = 0;B. if eof = 0;C. if end = 1;D. if eof = 1;Answer: DQUESTION 12The contents of the raw data file FURNITURE are listed below:----|----10---|----20---|----30chair,,tablechair,couch,tableThe following SAS program is submitted:data stock;infile 'furniture' dsd;input item1 $ item2 $ item3 $;run;Which one of the following is the value of the variable named ITEM2 in the first observation of the output data set?A. tableB. ,tableC. . (missing numeric value)D. ' ' (missing character value)Answer: DQUESTION 13A raw data file is listed below:RANCH,1250,2,1,Sheppard Avenue,"$64,000"SPLIT,1190,1,1,Rand Street,"$65,850"CONDO,1400,2,1.5,Market Street,"80,050"TWOSTORY,1810,4,3,Garris Street,"$107,250"RANCH,1500,3,3,Kemble Avenue,"$86,650"SPLIT,1615,4,3,West Drive,"94,450"SPLIT,1305,3,1.5,Graham Avenue,"$73,650"The following SAS program is submitted using the raw data file as input:data work.condo_ranch;infile'file-specification' dsd;input style $ @;if style = 'CONDO' or style = 'RANCH' theninput sqfeet bedrooms baths street $ price : dollar10.;run;How many observations does the WORK.CONDO_RANCH data set contain?A. 0B. 3C. 5D. 7Answer: DQUESTION 14A raw data file is listed below:RANCH,1250,2,1,Sheppard Avenue,"$64,000"SPLIT,1190,1,1,Rand Street,"$65,850"CONDO,1400,2,1.5,Market Street,"80,050"TWOSTORY,1810,4,3,Garris Street,"$107,250"RANCH,1500,3,3,Kemble Avenue,"$86,650"SPLIT,1615,4,3,West Drive,"94,450"SPLIT,1305,3,1.5,Graham Avenue,"$73,650"The following SAS program is submitted using the raw data file as input:data work.condo_ranch;infile'file-specification' dsd;input style $ @;if style = 'CONDO' or style = 'RANCH';input sqfeet bedrooms baths street $ price : dollar10.;run;How many observations will the output data set contain?A. 0B. 3C. 5D. 7Answer: BQUESTION 15The following SAS program is submitted:data numrecords;infile 'file-specification';input @1 patient $15.relative $ 16-26 @;if relative = 'children' theninput @54 diagnosis $15. @;else if relative = 'parents' theninput @28 doctor $15.clinic $ 44-53@54 diagnosis $15. @;input age;run;How many raw data records are read during each iteration of the DATA step during execution?A. 1B. 2C. 3D. 4Answer: AQUESTION 16The following SAS program is submitted:data work.empsalary;set work.people (in = inemp)work.money(in = insal);if insal and inemp;run;The SAS data set WORK.PEOPLE has 5 observations, and the data setWORK.MONEY has 7 observations.How many observations will the data set WORK.EMPSALARY contain?A. 0B. 5C. 7D. 12Answer: AQUESTION 17The contents of two SAS data sets named EMPLOYEE and SALARY are listed below:EMPLOYEE SALARYname age name salaryBruce 30 Bruce 40000Dan 35 Bruce 35000Dan 37000Dan .The following SAS program is submitted:data work.empsalary;merge work.employee (in = inemp)work.salary(in = insal);by name;if inemp and insal;run;How many observations will the data set WORK.EMPSALARY contain?A. 2B. 4C. 5D. 6Answer: BQUESTION 18The SAS data sets WORK.EMPLOYEE and WORK.SALARY are listed below: WORK.EMPLOYEE WORK.SALARYfnameage fname salaryBruce 30 Bruce 25000Dan 40 Bruce 35000Dan 25000The following SAS program is submitted:data work.empdata;merge work.employeework.salary;by fname;totsal+ salary;run;How many variables are output to the WORK.EMPDATA data set?A. 3B. 4C. 5D. No variables are output to the data set as the program fails to execute due to errors. Answer: BQUESTION 19The SAS data sets WORK.EMPLOYEE and WORK.SALARY are shown below: WORK.EMPLOYEE WORK.SALARYfnameage name salaryBruce 30 Bruce 25000Dan 40 Bruce 35000Dan 25000The following SAS program is submitted:data work.empdata;<insert MERGE statement here>by fname;totsal+ salary;run;Which one of the following statements completes the merge of the two data sets by the FNAME variable?A. merge work.employeework.salary (fname = name);B. merge work.employeework.salary (name = fname);C. merge work.employeework.salary (rename = (fname = name));D. merge work.employeework.salary (rename = (name = fname));Answer: DQUESTION 20The following SAS program is submitted:proc sort data=work.employee;by descending fname;proc sort sort data=work.salary;by descending fname;data work.empdata;merge work.employeework.salary;by fname;run;Which one of the following statements explains why the program failed execution?A. The SORT procedures contain invalid syntax.B. The merged data sets are not permanent SAS data sets.C. The data sets were not merged in the order by which they were sorted.D. The RUN statements were omitted after each of the SORT procedures.Answer: CQUESTION 21The following SAS SORT procedure step generates an output data set:proc sort data = sasuser.houses out = report;by style;run;In which library is the output data set stored?A. WORKB. REPORTC. HOUSESD. SASUSERAnswer: AQUESTION 22The following SAS DATA step is submitted:libnametemp 'SAS-data-library';data temp.report;set sasuser.houses;newvar= price * 1.04;run;Which one of the following statements is true regarding the program above?A. The program is reading from a temporary data set and writing to a temporary data set.B. The program is reading from a temporary data set and writing to a permanent data set.C. The program is reading from a permanent data set and writing to a temporary data set.D. The program is reading from a permanent data set and writing to a permanent data set. Answer: DQUESTION 23Which one of the following SAS DATA steps saves the temporary data set named MYDATA as a permanent data set?A. libname sasdata 'SAS-data-library';data sasdata.mydata;copy mydata;run;B. libname sasdata 'SAS-data-library';data sasdata.mydata;keep mydata;run;C. libname sasdata 'SAS-data-library';data sasdata.mydata;save mydata;run;D. libname sasdata 'SAS-data-library';data sasdata.mydata;set mydata;run;Answer: DQUESTION 24The following SAS DATA step is submitted:data sasdata.atlantasasdata.bostonwork.portlandwork.phoenix;set company.prdsales;if region = 'NE' then output bostan;if region = 'SE' then output atlanta;if region = 'SW' then output phoenix;if region = 'NW' then output portland;run;Which one of the following is true regarding the output data sets?A. No library references are required.B. The data sets listed on all the IF statements require a library reference.C. The data sets listed in the last two IF statements require a library reference.D. The data sets listed in the first two IF statements require a library reference. Answer: DQUESTION 25The following SAS DATA step executes on Monday, April 25, 2000:data newstaff;set staff;start_date=today();run;Which one of the following is the value of the variable START_DATE in the output data set?A. a character string with the value '04/25/2000'B. a character string with the value 'Monday, April 25, 2000'C. the numeric value 14725, representing the SAS date for April 25, 2000D. the numeric value 04252000, representing the SAS date for April 25, 2000 Answer: CQUESTION 26The following SAS program is submitted:data work.new;mon= 3;day = 23;year =2000;date = mdy(mon,day,year);run;Which one of the following is the value of the DATE variable?A. a character string with the value '23mar2000'B. a character string with the value '03/23/2000'C. a numeric value of 14692, which represents the SAS date value for March 23, 2000D. a numeric value of 3232000, which represents the SAS date value for March 23, 2000 Answer: CQUESTION 27The following SAS program is submitted:data revenue;set year_1;var1 = mdy(1,15,1960);run;Which one of the following values does the variable named VAR1 contain?A. 14B. 15C. 1151960D. '1/15/1960'Answer: AQUESTION 28The following SAS program is submitted:data work.report;set work.sales_info;if qtr(sales_date) ge 3;run;The SAS data set WORK.SALES_INFO has one observation for each month in the year 2000 and the variable SALES_DATE which contains a SAS date value for each of the twelve months.How many of the original twelve observations in WORK.SALES_INFO are written to the WORK.REPORT data set?A. 2B. 3C. 6D. 9Answer: CQUESTION 29The following SAS program is submitted:?libnametemp 'SAS-data-library';data work.new;set temp.jobs;format newdate mmddyy10.;qdate= qtr(newdate);ddate= weekday(newdate);run;proc print data = work.new;run;The variable NEWDATE contains the SAS date value for April 15, 2000.What output is produced if April 15, 2000 falls on a Saturday?A. Obs newdate qdate ddate1 APR1520002 6B. Obs newdate qdate ddate1 04/15/20002 6C. Obs newdate qdate ddate1 APR1520002 7D. Obs newdate qdate ddate1 04/15/20002 7Answer: DQUESTION 30A raw data record is shown below:07Jan2002Which one of the following informats would read this value and store it as a SAS date value?A. date9.B. ddmonyy9.C. ddMMMyy9.D. ddmmmyyyy9.Answer: AQUESTION 31The contents of the SAS data set PERM.JAN_SALES are listed below: VARIABLE NAME TYPEidnumcharacter variablesales_datenumeric date valueA comma delimited raw data file needs to be created from the PERM.JAN_SALES data set. The SALES_DATE values need to be in a MMDDYY10 form.Which one of the following SAS DATA steps correctly creates this raw data file?A. libname perm 'SAS-data-library';data_null_;set perm.jan_sales;file 'file-specification' dsd = ',';put idnum sales_date : mmddyy 10.;run;B. libname perm 'SAS-data-library';data_null_;set perm.jan_sales;file 'file-specification' dlm = ',';put idnum sales_date : mmddyy 10.;run;C. libname perm 'SAS-data-library';data_null_;set perm.jan_sales;file 'file-specification';put idnum sales_date : mmddyy 10. dlm = ',';run;D. libname perm 'SAS-data-library';data_null_;set perm.jan_sales;file 'file-specification';put idnum sales_date : mmddyy 10. dsd = ',';run;Answer: BQUESTION 32The contents of the SAS data set named PERM.STUDENTS are listed below:Alfred 14Alice13Barbara 13Carol 14The following SAS program is submitted using the PERM.STUDENTS data set as input:Libnameperm 'SAS-date-library';data students;set perm.students;file 'file-specification';put name $15. @5 age 2.;runWhich one of the following represents the values written to the output raw data file?A. ----|----10---|----20---|----30Alfred 14Alice 13Barbara 13Carol 14B. ----|----10---|----20---|----30Alfr14Alic13Barb13aCaro14C. ----|----10---|----20---|----30Alfr14edAlic13eBarb13araCaro14lD. ----|----10---|----20---|----30Alfred 14Alice 13Barbara 13Carol 14Answer: BQUESTION 33The contents of the raw data file TEAM are listed below:----|----10---|----20---|----30Janice 10Henri 11Michael 11Susan 12The following SAS program is submitted:infile 'team';input name $15. age 2.;file 'file-specification';put name $15. =5 age 2.;run;Which one of the following describes the output created?A. a raw data file onlyB. a SAS data set named GROUP onlyC. a SAS data set named GROUP and a raw data fileD. No output is generated as the program fails to execute due to errors.Answer: CQUESTION 34The following SAS program is submitted:data_null_;set old;put sales1 sales2;run;Where is the output written?A. the SAS logB. the raw data file that was opened lastC. the SAS output window or an output fileD. the data set mentioned in the DATA statementAnswer: AQUESTION 35The following SAS program is submitted:data_null_;set old (keep = prod sales1 sales2);file 'file-specification';put sales1 sales2;run;Which one of the following default delimiters separates the fields in the raw data file created?A. : (colon)B. (space)C. , (comma)D. ;(semicolon)Answer: BQUESTION 36The following SAS program is submitted:data allobs;set sasdata.origin (firstobs = 75 obs = 499);run;The SAS data set SASDATA.ORIGIN contains 1000 observations.How many observations does the ALLOBS data set contain?A. 424B. 425C. 499D. 1000Answer: BQUESTION 37The SAS data set named COMPANY.PRICES is listed below: COMPANY.PRICESprodidprice producttype sales returnsK12S 5.10 NETWORK 15 2B132S 2.34 HARDWARE 300 10R18KY2 1.29 SOFTWARE 25 53KL8BY 6.37 HARDWARE 125 15DY65DW 5.60 HARDWARE 45 5DGTY23 4.55 HARDWARE 67 2The following SAS program is submitted:libnamecompany 'SAS-data-library';data hware inter soft;set company.prices (keep = producttype price);if price le 5.00;if producttype = 'HARDWARE' then output HWARE;else if producttype = 'NETWORK' then output INTER;else if producttype = 'SOFTWARE' then output SOFT;run;How many observations does the HWARE data set contain?A. 0B. 2C. 4D. 6Answer: BQUESTION 38The SASDATA.BANKS data set has five observations when the following SASprogram is submitted:libnamesasdata 'SAS-date-library';data allobs;set sasdata.banks;capital=0;do year = 2000 to 2020 by 5;capital + ((capital+2000) * rate);output;end;How many observations will the ALLOBS data set contain?A. 5B. 15C. 20D. 25Answer: DQUESTION 39A raw data file is listed below:----|----10---|----20---|----30John McCloskey 35 71June Rosesette 10 43TinekeJones 9 37The following SAS program is submitted using the raw data file as input: data work.homework;infile 'file-specification';input name $ age height;if age LE 10;run;How many observations will the WORK.HOMEWORK data set contain?A. 0B. 2C. 3D. No data set is created as the program fails to execute due to errors. Answer: CQUESTION 40The following SAS program is submitted:proc contents data = sasuser.airplanes;run;Which one of the following is produced as output?A. the data portion of every data set in the SASUSER libraryB. the data portion of the data set SASUSER.AIRPLANES onlyC. the descriptor portion of every data set in the SASUSER libraryD. the descriptor portion of the data set SASUSER.AIRPLANES onlyAnswer: DQUESTION 41The following SAS program is submitted:proc datasets lib = sasuser;contents data = class varnum;quit;Which one of the following is the purpose of the VARNUM option?A. to print a list of variable namesB. to print the total number of variablesC. to print a list of the variables in alphabetic orderD. to print a list of the variables in the order they were createdAnswer: DQUESTION 42Which one of the following SAS procedures displays the data portion of a SAS data set?A. PRINTB. FSLISTC. CONTENTSD. DATASETSAnswer: AQUESTION 43On which portion(s) of a SAS data set does the PRINT procedure report?A. the data portion onlyB. the descriptor portion onlyC. the descriptor portion and the data portionD. neither the data portion nor the descriptor portionAnswer: AQUESTION 44The following SAS program is submitted:data work.test;set work.staff (keep = jansales febsales marsales);array diff_sales{3} difsales1 - difsales3;array monthly{3} jansales febsales marsales;run;Which one of the following represents the new variables that are created?A. JANSALES, FEBSALES and MARSALESB. MONTHLY1, MONTHLY2 and MONTHLY3C. DIFSALES1, DIFSALES2 and DIFSALES3D. DIFF_SALES1, DIFF_SALES2 and DIFF_SALES3Answer: CQUESTION 45The following SAS program is submitted:data work.test;array agent{4} $ 12 sales1 - sales4;run;Which one of the following represents the variables that are contained in the outputdata set?A. SALES1, SALES2, SALES3, SALES4B. AGENTS1, AGENTS2, AGENTS3, AGENTS4C. None, the DATA step fails because the ARRAY statement can reference only numeric data.D. None, the DATA step fails because the ARRAY statement can reference onlypre-existing variables.Answer: AQUESTION 46The following SAS program is submitted:data stats;set revenue;array weekly{5} mon tue wed thus fri;<insert DO statement here>total = weekly{i} * .25;Which one of the following DO statements completes the program and processes the elements of the WEEKLY array?A. do i = 1 to 5;B. do weekly {i} = 1 to 5;C. do i = mon tue wed thu fri;D. A DO loop cannot be used because the variables referenced do not end in a digit. Answer: AQUESTION 47Which one of the following statements is true regarding the name of a SAS array?A. It is saved with the data set.B. It can be used in procedures.C. It exists only for the duration of the DATA step.D. It can be the same as the name of a variable in the data set.Answer: CQUESTION 48The observations in the SAS data set WORK.TEST are ordered by the values of the variable SALARY.The following SAS program is submitted:proc sort data = work.test out = work.testsorted;by name;run;Which one of the following is the result of the SAS program?A. The data set WORK.TEST is stored in ascending order by values of the NAME variable.B. The data set WORK.TEST is stored in descending order by values of the NAME variable.C. The data set WORK.TESTSORTED is stored in ascending order by values of the NAME variable.D. The data set WORK.TESTSORTED is stored in descending order by values of the NAME variable.Answer: CQUESTION 49The SAS data set WORK.AWARDS is listed below:fnamepointsAmy 2Amy 1Gerard 3Wang 3Wang 1Wang 2The following SAS program is submitted:proc sort data = work.awards;by descending fname points;run;Which one of the following represents how the observations are sorted?A. Wang 3Gerard 3Wang 2Amy 2Wang 1Amy 1B. Wang 3Wang 2Wang 1Gerard 3Amy 2Amy 1C. Wang 3Wang 1Wang 2Gerard 3Amy 2Amy 1D. Wang 1Wang 2Wang 3Gerard 3Amy 1Amy 2Answer: DQUESTION 50The SAS data set EMPLOYEE_INFO is listed below:IDNumberExpenses2542 100.003612 133.152198 234.342198 111.12The following SAS program is submitted:proc sort data = employee_info;<insert BY statement here>run;Which one of the following BY statements completes the program and sorts the data sequentially by ascending expense values within each ascending IDNUMBER value?A. by Expenses IDNumber;B. by IDNumber Expenses;C. by ascending (IDNumber Expenses);D. by ascending IDNumber ascending Expenses;Answer: BQUESTION 51The following SAS program is submitted:libnamecompany 'SAS-data-library';proc sort data = company.payroll;by EmployeeIDNumber;run;Write access has been granted to the COMPANY library.Which one of the following represents how the observations are sorted?A. COMPANY.PAYROLL is recreated in sorted order by EmployeeIDNumber.B. COMPANY.PAYROLL is stored in original order, and a new data set PAYROLL is created in sorted order by EmployeeIDNumber.C. COMPANY.PAYROLL is stored in original order, and a new data set COMPANY.PAYROLLSORTED is created in sorted order by EmployeeIDNumber.D. COMPANY.PAYROLL is recreated in sorted order by EmployeeIDNumber, and a new data set PAYROLL is created in sorted order by EmployeeIDNumber. Answer: AQUESTION 52The SAS data set QTR1_REVENUE is listed below:destination revenueYYZ 53634FRA 62129FRA 75962RDU 76254YYZ 82174The following SAS program is submitted:proc sort data = qtr1_revenue;by destination descending revenue;run;Which one of the following represents the first observation in the output data set?A. destination revenueYYZ 82174B. destination revenueYYZ 53634C. destination revenueFRA 62129D. destination revenueFRA 75962Answer: DThe SAS data set EMPLOYEE_INFO is listed below:IDNumberExpenses2542 100.003612 133.152198 234.342198 111.12The following SAS program is submitted:proc sort data = employee_info;<insert BY statement here>run;Which one of the following BY statements completes the program and sorts the data sequentially by descending expense values within each descending IDNUMBER value?A. by descending IDNumber Expenses;B. by (IDNumber Expenses) descending;C. by IDNumber descending Expenses descending;D. by descending IDNumber descending Expenses;Answer: DQUESTION 54The following SAS program is submitted:data work.new;length word $7;amount = 4;if amount = 4 then word = 'FOUR';else if amount = 7 then word = 'SEVEN';else word = 'NONE!!!';amount = 7;run;Which one of the following represents the values of the AMOUNT and WORD variables?A. amount word7 FOURB. amount word7 SEVENC. amount word4 FOURD. amount word4 ' ' (missing character value)Answer: A。

SQL必知必会笔记

SQL必知必会笔记第一章了解SQL1. 数据库是一个以某种有组织的方式存储的数据集合保存有组织的数据的容器(通常是一个文件或是一组文件) 2. 数据库软件应成为数据库管理系统DBMS3. 表某种特定类型数据的结构化清单4. 模式(schema)关于数据库和表的布局及特性的信息5. 列(Colomn)表中的一个字段。

所有表都是由一个或是多个列组成的。

6. 数据类型(datatype)所容许的数据的类型。

每个表列都有相应的数据类型，他限制(或容许)该列中存储的数据。

7. 行表中的一个记录8. 主键(primary key)一列或者一组列，其值能够唯一标识表中的每个行唯一标识表中每行的这个列(或这组列)称为主键。

主键用来表示一个特定的行。

没有主键，更新或删除表中特定行很困难，因为没有安全的方法保证只涉及相关的行。

9. 表中任何列都可以作为主键，只要满足(1)任意两行都不具有相同的主键值(2)每个行都必须具有一个主键值(主键列不允许NULL值)(3)主键列中的值不允许修改或更新(4)主键值不能重用，即某列从表中删除，它的主键不能赋给以后的新行。

第三章按多个列排序1( 子句(clause)sql语句由子句构成，有些子句是必须的，而有的是可选的。

一个子句通常由一个加上所提供的数据组成。

2( 子句的例子有SELECT语句的FROM子句3( ORDER BY 子句的位置在指定一条ORDER BY子句时，应保证它是SELECT语句中最后一条子句。

该子句的次序不对将会出现错误消息。

4( 按多个列排序执行多个列排序命令前可以发现同样的工资的人名不是按字典序排列的执行以后~~~撒花~~按列位置排序select FIRST_NAME,salaryfrom employeesorder by salary,FIRST_NAME;等价于select FIRST_NAME,salaryfrom employeesorder by 2,1;5( Order by 默认为升序排序而order by salary DESC 为降序排序DESC关键字只直接应用到位于其前面的列名ORDER BY salary DESC, FIRST_NAME; 6( 在SELECT语句中，数据根据WHERE 子句中指定的搜索条件进行过滤。

数据同步工具DataX的使用

数据同步⼯具DataX的使⽤架构设计特点：⽀持sql-server / oracle / mysql 等jdbc⽀持的数据库之间互导⽀持数据库与solr搜索引擎之间互导采⽤http协议传送数据，在⽹络环境复杂和连接不稳定的情况下能正常⼯作，也可以扩展成集群、转发、负载均衡等⽹络不稳定、数据库连接不稳定的情况下，有重连、重试机制复杂的数据处理和异构，⾃定义Query-SQL和Insert/Delete/Update-SQL分布式事务、数据⼀致性保护。

导⼊错误的情况下，两边数据都不会发⽣更改在⼯作异常的情况下，可以发送短信或邮件通知可以通过http⽹页形式随时查看⼯作状态和cpu 内存使⽤情况,⽅便监控下⾯假设⼀个应⽤场景:1. 在db1上有商品TB_DEMO2_PROD、价格TB_DEMO2_PRICE、库存TB_DEMO2_STORAGE。

总共3张表格2. 在db2上有商品及价格表TB_MY_DEMO2_PROD，库存TB_MY_DEMO2_STORAGE表2张表格3. 有⼀个solr服务器，集中了商品、价格、库存等所有信息4. 当db1中有数据更改时，同步到db2的表中，并从db2同步到solr搜索服务器5. db1到solr的同步延迟控制在5秒以内6. 当同步过程中有任何异常时，即可发送短信配置步骤db1上建⽴测试表格create table TB_DEMO2_PROD --商品表(prod_id VARCHAR2(200) not null, --商品IDprod_code VARCHAR2(200), --商品编号branchid VARCHAR2(3), --分公司编号prod_name VARCHAR2(200), --商品名称prod_unit VARCHAR2(50) --计量单位);alter table TB_DEMO2_PRODadd constraint PK_TB_DEMO2_PROD primary key (PROD_ID);---------------create table TB_DEMO2_PRICE --价格表(prod_id VARCHAR2(200) not null, --商品IDprice1 NUMBER(20,5), --价格1price2 NUMBER(20,5), --价格2price3 NUMBER(20,5) --价格3);alter table TB_DEMO2_PRICEadd constraint PK_TB_DEMO2_PRICE primary key (PROD_ID);---------------create table TB_DEMO2_STORAGE --库存表(prod_id VARCHAR2(200) not null, --商品IDamount NUMBER(18) --库存量);alter table TB_DEMO2_STORAGEadd constraint PK_TB_DEMO2_STORAGE primary key (PROD_ID);db2上建⽴测试表格create table TB_MY_DEMO2_PROD --商品表(prod_id VARCHAR2(200) not null, --商品IDprod_code VARCHAR2(200), --商品编号branchid VARCHAR2(3), --分公司编号prod_name VARCHAR2(200), --商品名称prod_unit VARCHAR2(50), --计量单位price1 NUMBER(20,5), --价格1price2 NUMBER(20,5) --价格2);alter table TB_MY_DEMO2_PRODadd constraint PK_TB_MY_DEMO2_PROD primary key (PROD_ID);---------------create table TB_MY_DEMO2_STORAGE --库存表(prod_id VARCHAR2(200) not null, --商品IDamount NUMBER(18) --库存量);alter table TB_MY_DEMO2_STORAGEadd constraint PK_TB_MY_DEMO2_STORAGE primary key (PROD_ID);建⽴DataX的系统事件表如果db1上还没有DX_DATA_EVENT和DX_DATA_EVENT_STAGE表，就⽤下⾯的语句来执⾏建表操作create table DX_DATA_EVENT_STAGE(SYNC_NAME VARCHAR2(50) not null, --同步⽅案名EVENT_ID NUMBER(22) not null--事件ID);alter table DX_DATA_EVENT_STAGEadd constraint PK_DX_DATA_EVENT_STAGE primary key (SYNC_NAME);create table DX_DATA_EVENT(EVENT_ID NUMBER(22) not null, --事件IDSYNC_NAME VARCHAR2(50) not null, --同步⽅案名ROW_ID VARCHAR2(128), --数据主键值OPT_TYPE VARCHAR2(1) not null, --操作类型(U;D;I;)CREATE_TIME DATE not null--更新时间);alter table DX_DATA_EVENTadd constraint PK_DX_DATA_EVENT primary key (EVENT_ID);create bitmap index IDX_DX_DATA_EVENT_SYNC_NAME on DX_DATA_EVENT (SYNC_NAME);create sequence SEQ_DX_DATA_EVENTminvalue 1maxvalue 999999999999999999999999999start with1increment by1cache 20;编写同步⽅案的SQL语句现在我们要开始做同步了，⾸先明确同步的⽅法，规定⼀个同步⽅案名(SyncName)这是按照⽬标服务器的表格数来定义的，⽐如：J44_demo2Prod, J44_demo2Storage编写同步源(source)的查询语句<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-////DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" > <mapper namespace="demoOrder1_source"><select id="fullQuery" resultType="java.util.HashMap"><![CDATA[select t.order_code, c.danw_bh, t.modify_time, t.create_timefrom TB_ORDER_MAIN_PARTITION tinner join TB_CUST_MAIN con t.cust_id = c.cust_idwhere t.branch_id = 'J44']]></select><select id="deltaQuery" resultType="java.util.HashMap">select t.order_id, t.order_code, c.danw_bh, t.modify_time, t.create_timefrom TB_ORDER_MAIN_PARTITION tinner join TB_CUST_MAIN con t.cust_id = c.cust_idwhere t.order_id in<foreach item="item" index="index" collection="list" open="(" separator="," close=")">#{item}</foreach></select></mapper>编写同步⽬标(target)的插⼊语句<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?><!DOCTYPE mapper PUBLIC "-////DTD Mapper 3.0//EN" "/dtd/mybatis-3-mapper.dtd" > <mapper namespace="demoOrder1_target"><insert id="insertSum"><selectKey resultType="ng.Long" keyProperty="T1_ID" order="BEFORE">SELECT SEQ_DX_TABLE1_SUM.NEXTVAL AS id FROM DUAL</selectKey>insert into dx_table1_sum(t1_id, billid, cust_code, last_modify, create_time)values(#{T1_ID, jdbcType=DECIMAL}, #{ORDER_CODE, jdbcType=VARCHAR}, #{DANW_BH, jdbcType=VARCHAR}, #{MODIFY_TIME, jdbcType=DATE}, #{CREATE_TIME, jdbcType=DATE})</insert><update id="updateSum">update dx_table1_sumset billid = #{BILLID, jdbcType=VARCHAR},cust_code = #{CUST_CODE, jdbcType=VARCHAR},last_modify = #{LAST_MODIFY, jdbcType=DATE},create_time = #{CREATE_TIME, jdbcType=DATE}where t1_id = #{entry.rowId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}</update><delete id="deleteSum">delete from dx_table1_sum where t1_id = #{entry.rowId, jdbcType=VARCHAR}</delete><delete id="clearSum">delete from dx_table1_sum</delete><insert id="insertDet"><selectKey resultType="ng.Long" keyProperty="custId" order="BEFORE"> SELECT SEQ_DX_TABLE1_DET.NEXTVAL AS id FROM DUAL</selectKey>...</insert></mapper>在db1上编写触发器----------- 表格 TB_DEMO2_PROD 对应同步⽅案是 sync_demo2Prodcreate or replace trigger TRG_DX_TB_DEMO2_PRODafter insert or update or delete on DX_TB_DEMO2_PROD for each rowbeginif inserting theninsert into DX_DATA_EVENTvalues(SEQ_DX_DATA_EVENT.NEXTVAL,'sync_demo2Prod', :new.prod_id, 'I', sysdate);elsif updating theninsert into DX_DATA_EVENTvalues(SEQ_DX_DATA_EVENT.NEXTVAL,'sync_demo2Prod', :old.prod_id, 'U', sysdate);elsif deleting theninsert into DX_DATA_EVENTvalues(SEQ_DX_DATA_EVENT.NEXTVAL,'sync_demo2Prod', :old.prod_id, 'D', sysdate);end if;end TRG_DX_TB_DEMO2_PROD;----------- 表格 TB_DEMO2_PRICE 对应同步⽅案是 sync_demo2Prodcreate or replace trigger TRG_DX_TB_DEMO2_PRICEafter insert or update or delete on TB_DEMO2_PRICE for each rowbeginif inserting theninsert into DX_DATA_EVENTvalues(SEQ_DX_DATA_EVENT.NEXTVAL,'sync_demo2Prod', :new.prod_id, 'I', sysdate);elsif updating theninsert into DX_DATA_EVENTvalues(SEQ_DX_DATA_EVENT.NEXTVAL,'sync_demo2Prod', :old.prod_id, 'U', sysdate);elsif deleting theninsert into DX_DATA_EVENTvalues(SEQ_DX_DATA_EVENT.NEXTVAL,'sync_demo2Prod', :old.prod_id, 'D', sysdate);end if;end TRG_DX_TB_DEMO2_PRICE;----------- 表格 DX_TB_DEMO2_STORAGE 对应同步⽅案是 sync_demo2Pricecreate or replace trigger TRG_DX_TB_DEMO2_STORAGEafter insert or update or delete on TB_DEMO2_STORAGE for each rowbeginif inserting theninsert into DX_DATA_EVENTvalues(SEQ_DX_DATA_EVENT.NEXTVAL,'sync_demo2Price', :new.prod_id, 'I', sysdate);elsif updating theninsert into DX_DATA_EVENTvalues(SEQ_DX_DATA_EVENT.NEXTVAL,'sync_demo2Price', :old.prod_id, 'U', sysdate);elsif deleting theninsert into DX_DATA_EVENTvalues(SEQ_DX_DATA_EVENT.NEXTVAL,'sync_demo2Price', :old.prod_id, 'D', sysdate);end if;end TRG_DX_TB_DEMO2_STORAGE;编写spring配置⽂件<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><beans xmlns="/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="/2001/XMLSchema-instance"xmlns:jee="/schema/jee" xmlns:tx="/schema/tx"xmlns:context="/schema/context" xmlns:aop="/schema/aop"xsi:schemaLocation="/schema/beans /schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd /schema/tx /schema/tx/spring-tx-3.0.xsd/schema/jee /schema/jee/spring-jee-3.0.xsd/schema/aop /schema/aop/spring-aop-3.0.xsd/schema/context /schema/context/spring-context-3.0.xsd"default-autowire="byName" default-lazy-init="false"><bean id="syncTarget_J44_demoOrder1" class="com.jzt.datax.core.SyncTargetServiceImpl"><property name="targetConfig" ref="syncTarget_J44_demoOrder1_config"/></bean><bean id="syncSource_J44_demoOrder1" class="com.jzt.datax.core.SyncSourceServiceImpl"><property name="sourceConfig" ref="syncSource_J44_demoOrder1_config"/></bean><bean id="syncTarget_J44_demoOrder1_config" class="com.jzt.datax.core.SyncTargetConfigration"><property name="syncName" value="J44_demoOrder1"/><property name="ibatisInsertData" value="demoOrder1_target.insertSum"/><property name="ibatisUpdateData" value="demoOrder1_target.updateSum"/><property name="ibatisDeleteData" value="demoOrder1_target.deleteSum"/><property name="ibatisBeforeFullSyncData" value="demoOrder1_target.clearSum"/></bean><bean id="syncSource_J44_demoOrder1_config" class="com.jzt.datax.core.SyncSourceConfigration"><property name="syncName" value="J44_demoOrder1"/><property name="tiggerCron" value="0/3 * * * * ?"/><property name="eventLookup" ref="defaultEventCheck"/><property name="ibatisFullQuery" value="demoOrder1_source.fullQuery"/><property name="ibatisDeltaQuery" value="demoOrder1_source.deltaQuery"/><property name="identityField" value="ORDER_ID"/><property name="channel" ref="syncSource_J44_demoOrder1_channel"/></bean><bean id="syncSource_J44_demoOrder1_channel" class="com.jzt.datax.core.channel.HttpPostChannel"><property name="zipSize" value="-1"/><property name="dataTarget" value="http://127.0.0.1:9280/sync/J44_demoOrder1.json"/></bean></beans>。

常用SQL语句总结

常⽤SQL语句总结⼀、检索数据1、检索单个列SELECT prod_name FROM Products;该语句利⽤ SELECT 语句从 Products 表中检索⼀个名为 prod_name的列。

所需的列名写在 SELECT 关键字之后，FROM 关键字指出从哪个表中检索数据。

2、检索多个列要想从⼀个表中检索多个列，仍然使⽤相同的 SELECT 语句。

唯⼀的不同是必须在 SELECT 关键字后给出多个列名，列名之间必须以逗号分隔。

在选择多个列时，⼀定要在列名之间加上逗号，但最后⼀个列名后不加。

如果在最后⼀个列名后加了逗号，将出现错误。

SELECT prod_id, prod_name, prod_price FROM Products;3、检索所有列SELECT*FROM Products;4、检索不同的值SELECT DISTINCT vend_id FROM Products;SELECT DISTINCT vend_id 告诉 DBMS 只返回不同（具有唯⼀性）的vend_id ⾏（如果此列多⾏数据⼀样，则只返回⼀⾏）。

如果使⽤DISTINCT 关键字，它必须直接放在列名的前⾯。

注意：不能部分使⽤ DISTINCTDISTINCT 关键字作⽤于所有的列，不仅仅是跟在其后的那⼀列。

例如，你指定 SELECT DISTINCT vend_id, prod_price，除⾮指定的两列完全相同，否则所有的⾏都会被检索出来。

5、限制结果各种数据库中的这⼀ SQL 实现并不相同。

（1）在 SQL Server 和 Access 中使⽤ SELECT 时，可以使⽤ TOP 关键字来限制最多返回多少⾏。

SELECT TOP5 prod_name FROM Products;上⾯代码使⽤ SELECT TOP 5 语句，只检索前 5 ⾏数据。

（2）如果你使⽤的是 DB2，很可能习惯使⽤下⾯这⼀ DBMS 特定的 SQL 语句。

COBOL教程

/index.htmlCOBOL 教程- -Tag：COBOL教程目录CHAPTER 1 COBOL 概述CHAPTER 2 过程部初步CHAPTER 3 标识部和环境部CHAPTER 4 数据部之一CHAPTER 5 过程部之二CHAPTER 6 过程部之三CHAPTER 7 各部之间的关系及程序举例CHAPTER 8 联机及批量程序的一些差异CHAPTER 9 COBOL 编程规范CHAPTER 1 COBOL 概述COBOL 是Common Business Oriented Language 的缩写。

它不仅是商业数据处理的理想语言，而且广泛用于数据管理领域，因此COBOL 语言也被称为“用于管理的语言”。

一。

COBOL 语言的特点最适于数据处理领域：算数计算量少而逻辑处理量多，输入输出量大，数据间存在着一定的逻辑关系，大量的分类排序；COBOL比较接近英语，容易懂；通用性强，易移植, COBOL结构严谨，层次分明。

二。

COBOL的组成部分：1。

标识部（IDENTIFICATION DIVISION）：用于标识程序名。

2。

环境部（ENVIRONMENT DIVISION）：用于说明程序运行的环境。

3。

数据部（DATA DIVISION）：用于说明程序中涉及的所有数据。

4。

过程部（PROCEDURE DIVISION）：是程序的核心部分，它决定计算机应进行什么操作。

三。

最简单的COBOL 程序举例：COL 1 ---6 7 8 12---72 73---80IDENTIFICATION DIVISION。

PROGRAM-ID。

PSAMPLE1。

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION。

DATA DIVISION。

PROCEURE DIVISION。

DISPLAY …THIS IS A COBOL PROGRAM.‟STOP RUN。

四。

COBOL 源程序的书写格式：第1 至6 列为“标号区”。

mybatis association 用法

mybatis association 用法Mybatis关联查询的用法一、关联查询1.一对一关联查询mybatis中一对一关联查询指的是，是查询两个表之间的一对一关系。

Mybatis支持两种方式的一对一关联查询，一种是嵌套查询，另一种是嵌套结果。

1.1 嵌套查询嵌套查询是把一张表的查询得到的结果作为另一张表的查询条件，从而实现一对一关联查询的技术。

在Mybatis中实现嵌套查询，需要使用Mybatis关联标签<association>。

实例：查询订单和订单详情首先，我们创建两张表：订单表order表和订单详情表order_item。

在Mybatis中的Mapper文件中，我们可以使用<association>标签实现一对一关联查询，如下所示：<resultMap id='OrderMap' type='sys.Order'>t<id property='id' column='id'/>t<result property='orderNo' column='order_no'/>t<result property='totalMoney' column='total_money'/>t<association property='orderItem'javaType='sys.OrderItem'>tt<id property='id' column='id'/>tt<result property='orderId' column='order_id'/>tt<result property='prodId' column='prod_id'/>tt<result property='prodPrice' column='prod_price'/>tt<result property='prodNum' column='prod_num'/>t</association></resultMap>1.2 嵌套结果嵌套结果是把一种表的所有记录都查询出来，然后把另一种表的记录按照一定的方式封装到查询出的记录中，从而实现一对一关联查询的技术。

英语写物品价格的作文模板

英语写物品价格的作文模板Title: Writing a Product Pricing Essay。

When it comes to buying products, one of the most important factors that consumers consider is the price. The price of a product can significantly influence a consumer's decision to purchase it. Therefore, understanding how products are priced and the factors that affect their pricing is essential for both consumers and businesses.First and foremost, it is important to understand the basic principles of product pricing. In general, the price of a product is determined by the cost of production, the demand for the product, and the competition in the market. The cost of production includes the expenses incurred in manufacturing, packaging, and distributing the product. These costs can vary depending on the complexity of the production process, the quality of materials used, and the scale of production.Additionally, the demand for a product plays a crucial role in determining its price. Products that are in high demand are often priced higher, as businesses cancapitalize on the willingness of consumers to pay more for a popular item. On the other hand, products with low demand may be priced lower to attract more buyers. Understanding the demand for a product is essential for businesses to set a competitive and profitable price.Furthermore, the competition in the market also influences product pricing. In a competitive market, businesses may lower their prices to attract more customers and gain a competitive edge. On the other hand, in a monopolistic market, businesses may have more control over pricing and can set higher prices without fear of losing customers to competitors.In addition to these basic principles, there are several pricing strategies that businesses can use to set the price of their products. One common strategy is cost-plus pricing, where the company adds a markup to the cost of production to determine the selling price. This strategyensures that the company covers its costs and makes aprofit on each sale.Another popular pricing strategy is value-based pricing, where the price is based on the perceived value of the product to the customer. This approach takes into accountthe benefits and features of the product, as well as the customer's willingness to pay for those benefits. Value-based pricing allows businesses to capture the maximumvalue from their customers and differentiate their products from competitors.Furthermore, businesses may also use psychological pricing strategies to influence consumer behavior. For example, setting prices at $9.99 instead of $10 can create the perception of a lower price and attract more buyers. Similarly, offering discounts, bundle deals, and limited-time offers can create a sense of urgency and encourage consumers to make a purchase.It is also important to consider the impact of external factors on product pricing. Economic conditions, inflation,exchange rates, and government regulations can all affect the cost of production and ultimately influence the price of products. For example, an increase in the cost of raw materials due to inflation may lead to higher product prices, while a decrease in exchange rates may make imported products more expensive.Moreover, businesses must also consider the ethical implications of their pricing strategies. Price gouging, deceptive pricing, and unfair competition can harm consumers and damage a company's reputation. Therefore, it is essential for businesses to set fair and transparent prices that provide value to customers while ensuring a reasonable profit for the company.In conclusion, product pricing is a complex and multifaceted aspect of business that requires careful consideration and strategic planning. By understanding the basic principles of pricing, utilizing effective pricing strategies, and considering external factors and ethical considerations, businesses can set prices that are competitive, profitable, and fair to consumers. Similarly,consumers can make informed purchasing decisions by understanding the factors that influence product pricing and evaluating the value of the products they intend to purchase.。

介绍物品价格英文作文模板

介绍物品价格英文作文模板Introducing Product Pricing。

When it comes to purchasing a product, one of the most important factors to consider is the price. The price of a product can greatly influence a consumer's decision to buy or not to buy. Therefore, it is crucial for businesses to carefully consider their pricing strategy in order to attract customers and generate sales.There are several factors that businesses need to take into account when determining the price of their products. Firstly, they need to consider the cost of production. This includes the cost of raw materials, labor, and overhead expenses. Businesses also need to factor in any additional costs such as marketing and distribution expenses. By calculating these costs, businesses can determine the minimum price they need to charge in order to cover their expenses and make a profit.In addition to the cost of production, businesses also need to consider the perceived value of their products. This refers to how much customers are willing to pay for a product based on its perceived benefits and quality. For example, a luxury brand may be able to charge a higher price for their products due to their reputation for high quality and exclusivity. On the other hand, a budget brand may need to price their products lower in order to compete with other low-cost alternatives.Furthermore, businesses need to take into account the pricing strategies of their competitors. By analyzing the prices of similar products in the market, businesses can determine how to position their own products. They may choose to price their products lower in order to attract price-sensitive customers, or they may opt for a premium pricing strategy in order to differentiate their products from competitors.Another important consideration when it comes to pricing is the target market. Different customer segments may have different price sensitivities. For example, aproduct targeted at high-income consumers may be able to command a higher price compared to a product targeted at low-income consumers. Businesses need to conduct market research in order to understand the price sensitivity of their target market and adjust their pricing strategy accordingly.Once businesses have taken these factors into consideration, they can then determine the pricing strategy that best suits their products. There are several pricing strategies that businesses can choose from, each with its own advantages and disadvantages.One common pricing strategy is cost-plus pricing, where a markup is added to the cost of production in order to determine the selling price. This strategy is straightforward and ensures that businesses cover their costs and make a profit. However, it may not take into account the perceived value of the product and may not be competitive in the market.Another pricing strategy is value-based pricing, wherethe price is determined based on the perceived value of the product to the customer. This strategy allows businesses to capture the maximum value from their customers and can result in higher profits. However, it requires a deep understanding of customer perceptions and may be difficult to implement.A third pricing strategy is competition-based pricing, where the price is set based on the prices of competitors. This strategy allows businesses to stay competitive in the market and may attract price-sensitive customers. However, it may lead to price wars and erode profit margins.In addition to these strategies, businesses may also consider dynamic pricing, where the price of the product is adjusted based on demand and other market factors. This strategy allows businesses to maximize revenue by charging different prices to different customers. However, it requires sophisticated pricing algorithms and may lead to customer dissatisfaction if not implemented carefully.In conclusion, pricing is a critical aspect of businessstrategy that requires careful consideration. By takinginto account the cost of production, perceived value, competition, and target market, businesses can determine the best pricing strategy for their products. Whether it is cost-plus pricing, value-based pricing, competition-based pricing, or dynamic pricing, businesses need to ensure that their pricing strategy aligns with their overall business objectives and customer needs. By doing so, businesses can attract customers, generate sales, and ultimately achieve success in the market.。

超市收银管理系统数据库设计

课程设计任务书学生姓名：张修华专业班级：软件0505指导教师：耿枫工作单位：计算机学院题目:超市收银数据库设计初始条件：用来在超市中实现顾客结帐功能，并能反映出指定时段中超市的销售情况等信息。

收银员通过输入商品条码,能够在帐单上打印出商品单价及总额等各项信息，并且能够处理商品打折等各种情况.要求完成的主要任务：1.根据上述的初始条件，进行调查分析并设计适当的属性。

设计一个仓库数据库，DBMS可选Ms SQL Server、Access、VFP等.2.完成课程设计说明书，其格式遵守学校今年的新规定。

主要内容包括：需求分析,概念设计,逻辑设计，物理实现等。

3.基于该数据库,最好实现一个或多个应用程序(自己确定功能），程序设计语言(工具)任选.这一项是选作，不作硬性要求。

时间安排：本学期第20周：1.消化资料、系统调查1天2.系统分析1天3.总体设计，实施计划2天4.撰写报告1天指导教师签名：年月日系主任（或责任教师）签名：年月日超市收银管理系统数据库设计1系统概述1.1设计题目超市收银管理系统数据库设计1.2可行性分析1。

2。

1背景超市是一个很繁忙的地方，每天有很多的顾客要买东西，收银员要和很多的顾客结算，并且要给这些结算存档,以便日后查看。

如果只用人工的方法去处理这些结算和计算的数据将是一件很繁琐的事情，将投入大量的人力物力，为了解决这个问题，实现科学化、现代化的超市收银管理，我们就必须设计开发超市收银系统，并用于实践.而超市收银管理系统是对超市的收款信息进行管理的计算机网络软件系统，它可完成超市中各种货品的收银工作，并对可以对特定时间段的出售信息进行查询。

1.3上下文环境图图1。

1是一幅上下文环境图,它演示了该超市收银管理系统的外部实体和系统接口.图1。

1超市收银管理管理系统的上下文环境图2系统目标和建设原则2.1系统目标2.1。

1近期目标该系统可以使超市的收银工作变得轻松了许多，超市的管理员不必将大量的时间用在对厚厚的账本的管理上,可以直接查询数据库来相关的信息。

COBOl常用操作

COBOL 概述COBOL 是Common Business Oriented Language 的缩写。

它不仅是商业数据处理的理想语言，而且广泛用于数据管理领域，因此COBOL 语言也被称为“用于管理的语言”。

一。

二。

COBOL的组成部分：1。

标识部（IDENTIFICATION DIVISION）：用于标识程序名。

2。

环境部（ENVIRONMENT DIVISION）：用于说明程序运行的环境。

3。

数据部（DATA DIVISION）：用于说明程序中涉及的所有数据。

4。

过程部（PROCEDURE DIVISION）：是程序的核心部分，它决定计算机应进行什么操作。

三。

最简单的COBOL 程序举例：COL 1 ---6 7 8 12---72 73---80IDENTIFICATION DIVISION。

PROGRAM-ID。

PSAMPLE1。

ENVIRONMENT DIVISION。

DATA DIVISION。

PROCEURE DIVISION。

DISPLAY …THIS IS A COBOL PROGRAM.‟STOP RUN。

四。

COBOL 源程序的书写格式：第1 至6 列为“标号区”。

第7列为“续行标志区”第8至此11列，称为“A区”。

程序中有些内容如部头，节头，段头，层号01，层号77 及文件描述符FD等应从A区开始写。

第12至此72列，称为“B区”。

写程序中的正文部分。

如过程部中的句子只能从B区开始写。

第73至80列，称为“注释区”。

五。

COBOL字符集包括：数字0 --- 9 ，字母A--- Z ，a --- z , 专用字符：+ - * / = , . ; … ( ) < > $ 及空格。