language同义词
雅思阅读常见同义词替换
雅思阅读常见同义词替换1.媒体，宣传media/media coverage/publicity/newspaper/TV/press2.观点，看法perspective/idea/opinion/view/viewpoint/conception/outlook3.理解，感知understand/perceive/comprehend/recognize/identify/figure out/come up with4.错误的观点misconception/mistaken view5.改变change/alter/modify6.调查，试验，研究study/experiment/survey/research/investigate/test7.最常见的most frequent/commonest8.重要性importance/significance9.保护，挽救protect/conserve/preserve10.不寻常的uncommon/unusual11.惊人的，出乎意料的unexpected/surprising/take back/unpredictable/without warning12.理由，原因，因素cause/reason/explanation/factor/element13.栖息地，家园，居所home/shelter/dwelling/habitat14.可能的影响或后果implication/possible result/potential/influence15.影响affect/influence/impact/effect/impinge…on16.交配，求偶mating/courtship17.连接，涉及link…to/involve…with/associate…with18.极佳的exceptional/keen/excellent/extraordinary19.吃，营养feed/eat/diet/nutrition20.代表，体现，意味represent/stand for/mean/signify21.明显的evident/obvious/clear/self-evident/apparent/transparent22.总结conclude/draw from/summarize/generalize23.濒危，灭绝，消灭endanger/die out/extinction/disappear24.导致lead to/result in/cause/contribute to/foster/trigger25.因为，源于because/as/since/because of/result from/stem from/root from/originate from/gain from/in that/due to/thanks to26.反对，拒绝refuse/object/against/turn down27.升高，增加rise/increase/shoot up/rocket/grow/accrue28.下降，减少decrease/fall/dip/decay/decline/dive/bring down/curtail/drop/beat a retreat29.不愿意的unwilling/loath/reluctant30.包含，包括include/contain/comprise/be made up of/cover/involve/encompass31.长期的long-term/long-standing/long-range32.联系，关系relationship/connection/link/associate…with/combine…with33.危害，负面影响danger/hazard/harm/negative effect34.种类，物种class/species/type/kind/variety35.成人adult/adulthood/grown-up/in later life36.增强build up/develop/consolidate/strengthen37.物质，物体material/object/substance38.过程，步骤stage/phase/process/procedure/step39.趋势tread/tendency40.重要的vital/important/paramount/crucial/critical/key/core41.特点feature/characteristic/hallmark/character42.制作，产生make/produce/manufacture/generate/engender43.身体语言body language/gesture/non-verbal language44.社会背景social class/social situation/social background/social status45.客观的，公正的just/objective/unbiased/impartial46.依靠，取决于depend on/rely on47.在…之前before/prior…to48.比赛event/game/competition49.有才能的talent/gifted/excellent50.显著的，好的extraordinary/significant/remarkable51.目前的，现在的current/present/simultaneous52.方法，通道way/method/approach/access/key53.基础的basic/fundamental/underlying未发育的rudimentary退化degenerate/underdevelop/degrade54.解读，定义explain/define55.难的，要求高的difficult/hard/demanding56.问题，失败problem/failure57.优点strength/advantage/benefit/shining point/positive aspect58.分配allocate/apportion/distribute59.有必要的necessary/indispensable60.能够做be able to/ be in a position to61.执行，行驶conduct/do/exercise/perform/play62.责任duty/obligation/responsibility63.国家state/nation/country64.当局，权威部门official/government/authority65.老人the old/the elderly/aging/the graying66.人口变化population change/demographic change67.集中，关注于focus on/concentrate on/handle/deal with/center on68.要求ask/demand/require/request69.被认为be thought/be regarded/be considered70.雇佣take on/hire/employ71.完全地totally/completely/entirely/completely/thoroughly/fully72.帮助help/aid/support73.喜欢like/be fond of/favor74.告知，指导tell/instruct/inform75.悲观的sad/pessimistic/negative76.减缓slow down/restrict/limit77.加速speed up/accelerate78.挨饿hungry/starve/famine79.领域area/field/domain/aspect80.类似的，像…一样like/similar as/resemble81.重新铸造remould/reshape82.进步advance/progress/improvement83.拿走，移开take away/extract/remove84.原理，机制principle/mechanism/theory85.目的aim/goal/purpose86.显示，表明show/indicate/suggest/betray/uncover/demonstrate87.迅速的fast/quick/rapid88.激活active/activity/activate/spring to life/flourish89.回应react…to/reply/respond to90.取代replace/supersede/substitute/overtake91.主导的，主要的leading/dominant/prominent/major/key/main92.压制suppress/limit/restrict\93.结果result/consequence/outcome94.不足的insufficient/inadequate/not enough95.设计design/devise96.冲刷wash away/scour away/flush out97.充满be filled with/be laden with98.扰乱，破坏upset/disturb/destroy/ruin/damage/undermine99.同意agree/consent/concur100.此弱的weak/fragile/vulnerable101.困难difficulty/dilemma/hardship102.保证，确保ensure/assure/guarantee103.执行，操作conduct/operate/administer104.稀少的rare/few and far between/uncommon/unusual 105.力量power/strength/endurance/106.建议suggest/advise/recommend107.检查inspect/check/examine/screen/scrutinize108.监督monitor/supervise/administer109.破碎break/shatter110.提到，应用refer to/a reference to/mention111.使用use/utilize/employ112.障碍obstacle/barrier113.无关irrelevant/unrelated to114.匹配，跟上match/keep pace with/follow115.否认，驳斥deny/refute116.自立，自理self-reliance/self-independence117.保持maintain/keep/hold118.寿命life span/life expectancy119.道德的moral/ethical120.巨大的tremendous/huge/spectacular121.夜间生活的night/nocturnal122.凑合活着，艰辛地活着make a hard life/scrape a life123.四肢arm/leg/limb124.开始at the beginning/at the outset/initially125.转换shift/transform126.产量output/productivity127.基本结构basic construction/infrastructure128.承认admit/acknowledge129.倒塌fall/collapse130.减半half/decline by 50%131.阻止keep from/prevent from/keep from132.复杂的，高级的sophisticated/advanced/intricate/perfect/133.胜过，超过outperform/outstrip134.详尽的detailed/specific/elaborate135．缺点，不足flaw/shortcoming/disadvantage/defect/weakness/downside/limitation/drawback/darkside。
词典学专业术语
词典学术语abbreviation缩略语abbreviative notation缩略标记abridged删节的，未足本的abridged dictionary节本词典abridgement删节，节本absolute equivalent绝对对应词absolute synonym绝对同义词abusage滥用abusive language辱骂语academic dictionary学术词典academic lexicography学术词典学academy dictionary学院词典accent mark重音号acceptability接受性acceptability rating接受等级access alphabet检索字母表access point检索项access structure检索结构acknowledges致谢项acrolect上层方言acronym首字母缩略词active dictionary积极词典，主动性词典active vocabulary积极词汇adjectival noun形容词性名词adjective complement形容词性补语adjective compound复合形容词adjunct附加性副词adnominal名词修饰语advanced searches高级搜索affix词缀affixation词缀法，词缀词agglutinative language黏着型语言alien word外来词allomorph语素变体allophone音位变体allusion典故alphabetic arrangement字母顺序排列alphabetic order字母顺序alphabetic sequence字母顺序alphabetic writing字母文字，拼音文字alphabetization按字母顺序排列alphanumeric combination字母数字组合词alphapedia字顺百科alternative lexicography另类词典学ambiguity歧义ambilogy双关语amelioration of meaning词义的扬升Americanism美国词语，美式英语Ampersand&号（=and）analogical dictionary类义词典analytic definition分析式释义analytic language分析型语言analytical ordering分析排列angle brackets尖括号animate noun生物名词，动物名词anisomorphism语言差异性antedating早于已摘录文献的引语anthroponymy人名学antidictionary反动词典appendix附录appreciative赞赏的，褒义的appropriateness得体性，适切性approximative equivalent近义对等词arch弓形符（即︵）archaic word古词archaism古体，古语archaizing dictionary仿古词典archeography古文献学archive引语档案areal linguistics区域语言学argot黑话arrow箭号article词条，条目artificial language人工语言asserted meaning陈述意义association联想association by contiguity相邻联想association by contrast对比联想association by similarity类似联想association group联想词群associational word联想词associative meaning联想意义asterisk星号（*）at单价号（@）attestation isolee个别使用attributive adjective修饰性形容词authentic example真确性例证authentication求证authenticity真实性author dictionary独编词典author’s dictionary作家词典automatic lemmatization自动归目automatic lexicography自动词典学autosemantic word自义词auxiliary verb助动词back clipping截尾缩略back matter附录部分，后文back matter structure附录结构back page material后页材料back-formation逆构词法backward dictionary逆序词典，倒排词典barbarism不纯正的词语，粗野语base词基，词根base structure基础结构base word词目base-repeating词根重叠释义法basic searches基本搜索basic sense基本义项basic vocabulary基本词汇basic word stock基本词汇bias word倾向性词语bias-free vocabulary无偏见词汇biblical expression圣经词语bibliography书目；目录学bidirectional dictionary双向双语词典bifunctional dictionary双功能词典big dictionary大型词典bilingual dictionary双语词典bilingual edition双解本，双解版bilingual learner’s dictionary双语学习词典bilingual lexicography双语词典学bilingual thesaurus双语分类词典bilingualized dictionary双解词典biographical dictionary人名词典biographical entry人名条目biographical lexicography人名词典学biographical sources传记资料blend混成词，拼缀词blending混成法，拼缀法；拼缀词bogey怪字bold-faced type黑体字borrowed word外借词borrowing借词bound equivalent局限对应词bound form黏附形式bound morpheme黏着词素bound root黏着词根braces大括号brackets方括号breve短音符bridge dictionary桥接词典British National Corpus英国国家语料库broad notation宽式标音法broad transcription宽式音标，宽式记音法browser浏览器buying guide购买指南cacography拼写错误cacology用词不当calque仿照词canonical form标准形式cant隐语，黑话capital letter大写字母caret脱字号（^）casual style随便语体，随意文本catachresis词语误用catchword眉词，导词categorical diversity范畴的差异性categorical equivalence范畴对应关系categorical identity范畴一致性categorization划分范畴，归类caution提醒号CD-ROM dictionary光盘词典censorship审查制度census普查，调查centered period分节点，音节号，中黑点（·）character dictionary字典character set字集check mark核对号（√）children’s dictionary儿童词典chronological dictionary序时词典circular definition循环释义circularity循环释义，互训circumflex音调符号，长音符号circumlocution迂回曲折表达法，遁词citation引语，书证，例证citation file引例档案classificatory label分类标注，类别标记clause idiom成语性分句cliché陈词滥调clipped form截短形式clipped word截短词clipping截短法close construction封闭结构closed combination封闭型组合closed corpus封闭式语料库closed-class words封闭性词类code代码codification编码coding代码化cognate同源词cognitive meaning认知意义coherence连贯性co-hyponym共下义词，共同受支配词coinage新造词语coined term新造术语coined word新造词，新创词college dictionary大学词典collegiate dictionary大学词典collocation搭配（关系）collocational information搭配信息collocative meaning搭配意义colloquial language口语colloquial standard口语标准语colloquial word口语词colloquialism口语词colorpedia彩图百科comb effect梳子效应combinatory possibility组合可能性combinatory variant组合变体combining form组合形式commercial dictionary商业词典common core vocabulary基本词汇，共有核心词汇common usage普通用法common word普通词compact dictionary缩印词典compact edition缩印版comparative lexicography比较词典学compilation（词典）编纂compiler编纂者compiler perspective编篡者视角complementaries互补反义词complete antonym完全反义词complete synonym完全同义词complex word复杂词componential analysis成分分析，义素分析composition合词法compound复合词compound word复合词，合成词compounding复合构词法comprehensive dictionary详解词典computational lexicography计算词典学computer lexicography计算机词典学conceptual connection概念联系conceptual dictionary概念词典conceptual meaning概念意义concise dictionary简明词典concordance语词索引confrontationist linguistics对照语言学conjunct连接性副词connotation隐含意义；附加意义；内涵connotative meaning内涵意义connotative style咨询文体content word实义词context语境context definition语境释义法context of situation言语环境，情景语境contextual definition语境释义contextual function语境功能contextual meaning语境意义contextual theory语境理论contract word缩写词contracted form,contraction缩写contradictory term对立性反义词contrast对称词contrastive analysis对比分析contrastive linguistics对比语言学conversion词类转化法conversive换位反义词cooccurrence同现cooccurrence relation同现关系cooccurrence restriction同现限制cooccurrence-range搭配cooccurrent meaning共现意义copying in dictionaries词典抄借copyright版权core group核心词群core sense核心义项core vocabulary核心词汇core word核心词co-reference互见corpus语料库corpus composition语料库的组成corpus correction语料库矫正corpus-orient lexicography语料库技术词典学correction矫正correctness正确性count noun可数名词countable noun可数名词coverage覆盖度creole混合语creolized language混合语cross reference互参，互见，交互参照cross-classification交叉结构cross-reference structure参见结构cryptogram密码cryptology隐语cultivated spoken language有教养的口头语言cultivated usage优雅用法cultural borrowing文化借用cultural context文化环境cultural dictionary文化词典cultural guide文化向导cultural lexicography文化词典学cultural-bound lexical item文化局限词汇项cultural-bound term(word)文化局限词cultural-loaded expression文化含义词cultural-specific vocabulary文化局限词汇culture-specific vocabulary文化局限词汇cuneiform,cuneiform writing楔形文字curtailed word缩短词cyclopedia百科全书cynicism挖苦语dagger剑号（┼）data bank数据库database数据库，资料库databases&audio-visual materials数据库与声像资料data-processing资料加工，数据处理dead affix废弃的词缀，废缀dead conjugation已经不用的词形变化形式dead language死语言dead metaphor死隐语dead word废词deadjective suffix附加于形容词的后缀deadjective verb来自形容词的动词declension（静词）词尾变化decode解码decoding dictionary解码词典decoding function解码功能de-etymologization词源中断definiendum被下定义的词语，被释词目definiens(pl.definientia)下定义用的词语，释义defining dictionary释义词典defining vocabulary(DV)定义用词汇，定义用词汇总表definition释义，定义deflexion词尾消失degeneration of meaning词义的降格deictic field指示范围denominal adjective来自名词的形容词denominal noun来自名词的名词denominal suffix附加于名词的后缀denominal verb来自名词的动词denotation所指意义，字面意义denotational meaning指称意义，所指意义denotative meaning外延意义denotatum(pl.denotata)所指客观对象density of entries词条密度derivation派生词；派生法derivation by zero suffix零位后缀派生法derivational affix派生词缀derivational antonym派生反义词derivational compound派生复合词derivational morpheme派生形素derivational suffix派生后缀derivative派生词derived form源出（<）derived sense派生义项derived stem派生词干deriving form派生形式derogatory贬损的，贬义的description描写descriptive dictionary描写性词典descriptive equivalent描写性对应词descriptive function描写功能descriptive trend描写性倾向descriptivism描写主义descriptor系索词，标志词designate定义，所指内容的组成designation指称意义designative word指称词designatum(pl.designata)所指内容desk dictionary案头词典desktop e-dictionary桌面电子词典desktop electronic-dictionary桌面电子词典deterioration of meaning词义降格，词义贬降determiner限定词deverbal adjective来自于动词的形容词deverbal noun来自于动词的名词deverbal suffix附加于动词的后缀diachronic approach历时角度diachronic dictionary历时词典diacritic变音符，附加符号diacritic sign附加符号diacritical mark变音符，附加符号diacritical marking符号标音法dialect dictionary方言词典dialect lexicography方言词典学dialectism方言词语diction措词dictionary词典，字典dictionary awareness词典意识dictionary criticism词典批评dictionary culture词典文化dictionary family词典家族dictionary for comprehension理解型词典dictionary for production生成型词典dictionary for speakers of the source language源语用户词典dictionary for speakers of the target language目的语用户词典dictionary for translation翻译词典dictionary form词典形式dictionary history词典史dictionary lookup词典查检dictionary maker词典编篡者dictionary making词典编篡dictionary meaning词典意义dictionary of proverbs谚语词典dictionary of the literary language书面语词典dictionary of the spoken language口语词典dictionary proper正文部分dictionary research词典研究dictionary review词典评论dictionary structure词典结构dictionary text词典语篇dictionary typology词典类型学dictionary use词典使用dictionary user词典使用者dictionary with bilingual双解词典dictionary word词典词didactic function教导功能differentia specifica属差differentia(pl.differentiae)种差differential dictionary区别性词典differential linguistics区别语言学diglossia双语现象diglottic level双语现象的变体diminutive指小（词）diminutive suffix指小后缀directories of agencies机构指南disambiguation消除歧义discourse meaning话语意义discrimination辨异，词义辨析disjunct分离性副词distinctive feature区别性特征distributional analysis分布分析法ditransitive verb双宾语动词ditto“同上”号（″）division into syllables分音节DJ丹尼尔▪琼斯标音法domesticated word归化词dominant sense主要意义double brackets双方括号double check双核对号（√）double dagger双剑号（╪）double scale组成一对的同义词double virgules双斜线号（//）doublet同源异体字echoic word拟声词edition版本editor编辑EFL lexicography英语作为外语的学习词典学electronic bilingual dictionary电子双语词典electronic dictionary电子词典electronic lexicography电子词典学elevation of meaning词义的扬升ellipsis省略号（…）ELT lexicography英语教学词典学emotive meaning情感意义emotive overtone感情色彩empirical ordering经验排列enclitic后接词encode编码，组码encoding dictionary编码词典encoding function编码功能encyclopedia百科全书encyclopedia definition百科释义encyclopedic dictionary百科词典encyclopedic entry百科条目encyclopedic matter百科信息English Philological Society英语语文协会entailed meaning蕴含意义entry条目，词条entry pane条目窗entry word词目ephemeral word瞬息新词equivalent对应词equivalent analogue等值的对应体ESL(English as second language)作为第二语言的英语ethnolinguistic bilingual dictionary人类语言学双语词典etymological dictionary词源词典etymology词源（学）euphemism委婉语everyday expression日常用语example,example-sentence例句exclamation mark感叹号exegetic dictionary注释词典exemplification括注法explanatory definition解说式释义explanatory equivanlent解释对等词explanatory gloss解释性说明explicit cross-reference明示互参extended sense引申意义extension外延extension of meaning语义扩大extinct language死语，死亡语extralinguistic context语言外语境familiar style非正式文体family of languages语系field场field theory词场理论field label学科标注figurative meaning比喻意义figurative speech比喻语figurative-metaphorical比喻隐喻的figure of speech修辞格file资料档案files of citation引例档案filler-in填空词fist参见号fixed accent固定重音fixed collocation固定搭配fixed phrase固定短语fixed stress固定重音fixed word-combination固定词组fixed word-order固定词序folk definition通俗释义folk etymology民俗词源，俗词源学folk speech民间语folk usage通俗用法folk-etymological民俗词源的forcing example强迫性例证foreign affix外来词缀foreign learner’s dictionary外国学习者词典foreign word外来词，外语词foreignism外来词语form of address称呼形式form speech正式言语form style正式文体form word形式词format板式，开本formative构词成分formulaic definition程式释义four-letter word四字母语，粗俗词语frame(structure)框架（结构）free combination自由组合free morpheme自由语素free root自由词根free translation意译free variant自由变体free variation自由变异free word order自由词序French quotes法文引号，书名号frequency词频frequency word-book频率词表front and back clipping对词的首部与尾部的缩略front clipping对词的首部的缩略front matter前页部分front matter,front page material前页，前页材料，（正文前的）材料frozen expression定型短语frozen style拘谨文体full homonym实足同形同音异义词full word实词，完全词function word功能词，虚词functional equivalent功能等值functional label功能标注functional language功能语言functional marker功能标记functional typology功能分类法functional varieties功能变体functional word功能词，虚词fuzzy terms模糊词语gazetteer地名索引，地名词典gem dictionary珍宝词典，精选词典general concordance普通词表general dictionary通用词典；普通词典generalization of meaning词的普遍化general-purpose bilingual dictionary综合性双语词典，通用双语词典general-purpose dictionary综合性（语文）词典general-purpose English dictionary综合性英语词典generative dictionary生成词典generic term类属词genus总属genus proximum近种geographical dictionary地理词典geographical entry地理条目geographical sources地理资料ghostword鬼词，别字giving synonyms同义词释义gleaning补遗gloss夹注，注释glossary注释词表，术语汇编glueword连接词gobbledygook官样文章Gothic writing哥特体字，黑体字governed word受支配词governing word支配词government publications政府出版物gradable adjective等级形容词grammar语法grammatical bound meaning受语法限制的意义grammatical coding语法代码grammatical collocation语法搭配grammatical context语法语境grammatical function语法功能grammatical information语法信息grammatical labeling语法代码grammatical marker语法标记grammatical motivation语法理据grammatical pattern语法模式grammatical sequence语法序列grammatically-partial word虚词graphic illustration插图，图解graphic substance形的实体graphic symbol书写符号guide word眉题，向导词habitual collocation习惯性搭配habitual co-occurrence习惯性同现handheld electronic dictionary掌上电子词典haplography掉字，漏写hard word难词head phrase词条headword词目heavy-duty word重负荷词hesitation-form犹豫形式hierarchical structure层级结构hierarchical system层级系统hieroglyphic writing象形文字high word高位词historical comparative linguistics历史比较语言学historical dictionary（按历史原则编写的）历史词典historical lexicography历史词典学historical ordering历史排列historical principle历史性原则historism历史词语homograph同形异义词homography同形异义homonym同音异义词，同形异义词homonymy同音异义，同形异义homophone mark同音号humorous幽默的hybrid混合词hybrid language混杂词hybrid word混合词，杂交词hyperonym总义词hypersemanticized discourse超语义化的说法hyphen连字符；隔音号hyphenated name连号hyphenation断词hyphenation routine连字法规则hypocoristic form爱称形式hypocoristic word爱称词hyponym下义词hyponymy下义关系identifying indication识别性说明ideogram表意文字ideographic symble表意符号ideographic writing表意文字ideography表意文字研究ideographical dictionary概念词典，义类词典ideographical function意识功能idiom习语，成语idiomatic expression习惯性词语idiomatic usage习惯用法idiomatics习语学，成语学illiterate language文盲用语illustration插图，例证illustrative citation例证，引证illustrative example说明性例句；例证illustrative quotation例证imitation binding仿古装帧imitative semantic change语义变化模仿immediate postpositive直接后置形容词implicative method隐含法implicit cross-reference暗示互参impolite word不礼貌用语imposition强加inappropriate不得体的indention缩格index索引index verborum词语出处索引indexation索引检索indexes&abstracts索引与摘要indexing language索引语言infix中缀inflected language屈折语inflection屈折变化inflectional affix屈折词缀inflectional language屈折语inflectional morpheme屈折词素inflectional variant屈折变体inflective language屈折语inflexion屈折变化inflexional ending词尾屈折inflexional language屈折语inflexional series屈折序列inflexional suffix屈折后缀informal style非正式文体informant语言调查合作人information card背景资料卡information category信息范畴information retrieval language情报检索语言informative dictionary知识性词典initial inflexion开首屈折initial part词首部分initialism首字母连写词inkhorn term学究气的用语innovation新造词insertible equivalent可插入对应词instruction manual说明手册instrument language古今语言instrumental case工具格intensifier强调成分interactive dictionary交互词典interface language接口语言interjection感叹词interlingual dictionary语际词典interlingual interference语际障碍interlingual purism语际语言纯正主义International Phonetic Alphabet(IPA)国际音标，国际音标注音法internationalism国际词intimate style亲昵语体intralingual purism内部语言纯正主义introspective example自省性例证invented example自造词irregular inflection不规则屈折形式italic斜体字italic bold-face type斜黑体jargon行话KK KK音标koine共通语，共同语language for specific purposes专门用途语言language notes语言说明language transfer语言迁移language typology语言类型学langue语言，语言系统latent word潜在词Latinism拉丁词语learned word文言词learner’s dictionary学生词典lemma词目lemma unit词目单位letter-by-letter arrangement纯字母排列法lexeme词汇单位；词位，词素，词项lexical词汇的，语词的lexical ambiguity词汇歧义；词汇模糊性lexical collocation词汇搭配lexical context词汇语境lexical density词汇密度lexical entry词项，语词条目lexical equivalent词义对应词lexical expression词汇表达方式lexical field词汇场lexical gap词汇空缺lexical grammar词汇语法lexical item词汇单位；词位，词素，词项lexical meaning词汇意义lexical set词群，词集lexical stock词汇总库lexical unit词汇单位lexical word词汇词lexicographer词典学家，词典编篡者lexicographese词典用语lexicographic context词典语境lexicography词典学，词典编篡，词典编篡学lexicology词汇学lexicon词典（尤指古代语言的词典）；词库ligature连音符lingua franca混合语，通用语，交际语linguistic context语言语境linguistic dictionary语文词典linguistic matter语言信息linguistic typology硬译分类学linguistics across culture跨文化语言学literal error排字错误，印刷错误literal meaning字面意义literal translation直译，硬译literary书面语literary language文学语言literary standard文学标准语literary word书面词语live suffix活后缀living affix现在通用的词缀living conjugation“活”的（词形）变化living language现用语言，活语言living word现在通用的词汇loan blend借词混成词，借词拼缀词loan shift转用借词loan translation翻译借词，仿译词loan word借词，外来词local dialect地方方言locution措词logical definition逻辑式定义logical ordering逻辑排列logographic lexicon字典logography速记符long vowel长元音lower-case letter小写字母（印刷用语）LSP lexicography专业英语词典学machine-readable dictionary机读词典machine-aided lexicography机助词典学macro-lexicography宏观词典学macron长音符（加在元音上的“-”）macrostructure宏观结构made-up example自造例main word主导词majuscule大写字母makeshift language代用语言malformation构词错误，误构manual手册maps&atlases地图与地图集marginal meaning外延意义mark,marker标记master index总索引meaning意义meaning discrimination词义辨析meaning-oriented principle意义中心原则means of access检索途径measure adjective度量形容词measure noun度量名词mechanical dictionary电脑词典mediostructure中间结构medium dictionary中型词典megastruture整体结构metalanguage元语言metalexicography元词典学metaphor隐喻metaphoric meaning比喻意义，喻义metaplasm词形变异methodology方法论metonymy换喻，转喻microcontext微观语境microglossary微词典microlexicography微观词典学microstructure微观结构middle matter正文部分midline dot分节点mixed language混合语modal verb情态动词mode式momentary event verb瞬间动作动词monolingual dictionary单语词典monolingual lexicography单语词典学monosemic word单义词monosemy单义性moribund language垂死语言morpheme语素morpheme word语素词morphemic arrangement语素顺序排列morphemic dictionary词素词典morphemical mark形态符号morphology词法morphology label词法标注mother tongue negative transfer母语负迁移motional verb动作动词motivated word有理据的词motivation of word词的理据multi-lingual dictionary多语词典multilingual lexicography多语词典学multi-media dictionary多媒体词典multiword lexical unit多单词词位，复词词汇单位narrow Romic严式罗密克音标narrow transcription严式音标，窄式记音法narrowed meaning狭义narrowing词义缩小native affix本族词缀native language本族语native speaker说本族语的人native speaker’s dictionary本族语词典native word本族词natural language自然语言near-synonym近义词negative transfer负迁移neoclassic formation新古典词的构词法neoclassic word新古典词neologism新词nest(ing)派生词群nest-alphabetic method词集字母排列法nil-equivalent零对应词，无对应词noetics义位学nomenclature术语集nominal definition名目定义nonce-word临时词non-designative非指称词non-echoic word非拟声词non-gradable adjective非等级形容词non-historical dictionary非历史词典non-insertible equivalent非插入对应词non-productive无构词能力的non-restrictive collocation非限制性搭配nonstandard非标准（用语）normal dictionary传统词典normative dictionary规范词典normative lexicography规范性词典学notional passive意义上被动notional system概念系统notional word实义词noun名词noun adjunct附加名词noun cluster名词词组noun compound复合名词noun of multitude群体名词noun-drivative派生名词now rare目前少用nuance细微差别numbered clause分节号（§）numeral数词object宾语object language目的语，对象语言obsolescent陈旧的obsolete已废的obsolete affix废缀obsolete word旧词obsoletism已废弃的词语one-phrase definition单一短语释义法one-to-one correspondence一一对应one-to-one equivalent一一对等on-line dictionary在线词典，网络词典onomasiological gap词汇空缺；名称空缺onomasiology定名学onomasticon专名词典onomatopoeic word拟声词open combination开放型组合open corpus开放式语料库open-class words开放性词类opposite meaning对立意义optional variant随意变体oratorical style演说文体ordinal number序数词ordinals序数词orthographic criterion书写标准orthographic syllable拼法音节orthography正字法，拼写法ostensive definition直观定义ostensive definition直观释义法output language输出语outside matter正文外部分overall-descriptive dictionary全面描写词典over-defining过度释义P marker短语标记pagination页码检索paper dictionary纸质词典paradigm（名词、动词等的）词形变化表paragraph分节号（§）；段落；段落号（▪）parallel bars平行号（║）parent language母语，源语parentheses圆括号parole言语paronym形似词partial conversion部分词类转化partial equivalent部分对应词partial homonym部分同音同形异义词participle分词particle小品词，语助词parts of speech词类parts-of-speech label词性标注passive dictionary被动型词典，消极词典patois土话pedagogical dictionary教学词典pedagogical lexicography教学词典学pejorative轻蔑词pejorative epithet表贬损的修饰语pejorative suffix贬义后缀perfect antonym完全反义词perfect equivalence完全对等perfect equivalent完全对等词perfect homonym完全同音同形异义词period句号period dictionary断代词典period lexicography断代词典学peripheral kinds of vocabulary边缘性词汇peripheral language外围语periphrastic definition迂回定义peroration of meaning词义的降格personal suffix人称后缀phantom word幻象词phenomenological typology现象分类法philological bilingual dictionary语文学双语词典philological dictionary语文词典philology语文学phoneme音位，音素phonemic notation音标，音位标音法phonemic transcription音位标音phonemic word音位词phonemics音位学，音素学phonetic acronym语音缩写词phonetic alphabet音标，语音字母phonetic change语音演变phonetic convergence音变的汇合phonetic hyphen隔音号（-）phonetic motivation拟声理据phonetic pattern语音模式phonetic spelling表音拼写法phonetic syllable语音音节phonetic symbol音标，音符phonetic transcription注音，标音法phonetic writing拼音文字phoneticism音标拼词法phonographic alphabet表音字母phonology音系学，音位学phrasal verb短语动词phrase短语，词组phrase clipping短语略写phrase idiom惯用短语phrase marker短语标记phraseological dictionary熟语词典phraseological lexicography熟语词典学phraseology熟语，熟语集phrasing措词pictograph象形文字pictographic writing图画文字pictorial arrangement图式顺序排列pictorial dictionary图画词典pictorial illustration插图pidgin混杂语pidgin English洋泾浜英语plurality复数性，多重性plurilingual多语种的plurilingualism多语制pocket dictionary袖珍词典pocket electronic dictionary掌上电子词典poetic word诗歌用语poetical archaic word诗用古词poetry诗体poetism诗体词语polite formulas礼貌套语polylingual多语种的polylingual dictionary多语种对照词典polylingualism多语制polyseme,polysemous word多义词（现象）polysemy多义现象，一词多义polysyllable多音节词polytechnic dictionary科技词典popular etymology俗词源学popular language俗语popular word俗语词portmanteau word紧缩词post-modifier后置修饰语postpositive后置形容词pragmalinguistics语用语言学pragmatic analysis语用分析pragmatic equivalent语用对应词pragmatic failure语用失误pragmatics语用学predeterminer前置限定词predicative表语preface序言prefix前缀prefixation加前缀premodifier前置修饰语prescriptive规范性的prescriptive dictionary规范词典prescriptive grammar规定语法prescriptive lexicography规定性词典学prescriptive trend规定性倾向prescriptivism规定主义present participle现在分词presentational affix表义词缀presentational or tectonic typology表述（或构造）分类法primary accent主重音primary linguistic data第一手语言资料primary meaning本义primitive原始词principal language主体语言print dictionary印刷型词典printing印刷proclitic后接发音词productive activity（说、写等）产出性活动productive affix有派生能力的词缀，派生词缀productive bilingual dictionary能产性双语词典productive dictionary产出型词典productive function产出功能productivity能产性pronominal adjective代词性形容词pronouncing dictionary发音词典pronunciation key发音表prototype原型proverb谚语provincial standard地方标准punctuation mark标点符号punning双关语purism语言纯正主义purrword褒词quadrilingual dictionary四语词典quasi-normative bilingual dictionary准规范化双语词典quasi-synonym准同义词quasi-synoymous word准同义词questionnaire问卷，调查表quotation书证quotation mark引号radiation（词义的）辐射radical词根，部首radical flexion词根屈折radical language词根语radical sense原始义range of application使用范围range of collocation搭配范围rare罕用reading programme阅读项目real definition真实定义realization体现关系Received Pronunciation(RP)标准发音receptive activity接收活动receptive function接收功能receptor language接收语reciprocal dictionary互补词典reciprocal relation相互关系reduced entry减缩词条reduplication重叠reduplicative word重叠词reference参见reference book工具书reference dictionary查考型词典reference matter检索信息reference mark检索符号reference need检索目的reference skill检索技巧reference unit检索单位referent所指事物，词目所指的对象referential definition所指释义referential meaning information所指意义referential pragmatics指代语用学referential symbolism所指符号refinement修饰reflected meaning发射意义regional word地区性词regionalism区域词语register域register label语域标注relational word关系词relative synonym相对同义词，近义词reroute重新查找respelling schemes重拼法respelling system重拼发音符号系统restricted language限制性语言restriction of meaning词义的限制restrictive collocation限制性搭配reverse dictionary逆序词典rheme述位rhyming dictionary音韵词典Roman type正体字root词根root antonym词根反义词root inflexion词根屈折root form词根形式，根式round brackets圆括号runic writing北欧古代文字running head向导词run-on(entry)副词目，内词条sandhi连读变音scholarly dictionary学术词典schoolboy slang学生俚语scientific terminology科技术语search检索，搜索searching window检索窗secondary accent次重音，次重音号secondary compound二次复合词secondary derivative次派生词secondary language第二语言secondary meaning次要意义secondary morpheme-word次语素词secondary phoneme次音位secondary stress次重音segmental dictionary部分语词词典，特种语词词典selection of entries(articles)选条selection of head characters选字selection of headwords选词selection preference选择倾向selection restriction选择限制sell-aware form自觉形式semantic affinity语义一致semantic arrangement语义顺序排列semantic coincidence语义重合semantic component语义成分semantic condensation语义缩合semantic contradiction语义矛盾semantic contrast语义对比semantic criterion语义标准semantic dictionary主题词典semantic divergence词义分化semantic extension语义扩展semantic factor语义因素semantic field语义场semantic function语义功能semantic glosses语义注释semantic inclusion语义包容semantic intersection语义交叉semantic marker语义标记semantic motivation语义理据semantic properties语义特征semantic prototype model语义原型模式semantic shift语义演变semantics语义学sememe义素semi-bilingual半双解semicolon分号semiology,semiotics符号学semi-unabridged dictionary半足本词典sense义项sense discrimination义项区分sense relation义项关系sentence connector连接词sentence idiom成语性句子sentence pattern句型sentence substitute替代词set expression固定词语shades of meaning语义色彩shift sign移位符（加在元音上的符号，如︵，′）short cuts词义速查short vowel短音符shortening缩短法signification词义singularity单数性slang俚语slang dictionary俚语词典slang expression俚语词语slang word俚语词slant斜线号（/）slip资料卡small capital小大写small dictionary小型词典snarl word贬词social dialect社会方言social-situational feature社会情景特征social-cultural meaning社会文化意义sociopragmatic information社会语用信息sociopragmatics社会语用学solecism语法错误solid compound固定复合词sound pattern语音模式sound shift语音演变sound system语音系统sound-variation语音变异source蓝本sources of statistics统计资料speaker-meaning说话人的用意special dictionary专科词典special lexicography专科词典学special pages专题页special-field dictionary专科词典specialized dictionary专门词典specialized meaning专用义specific term/word狭义词specifying gloss规定性注释speech act言语行为speech level label语言层次标注speech mechanism言语机制speech recognition言语识别speech repertoire活用语言库。
考研词汇-同义词替换
考研英语常见同义词替换1、繁荣：be prosperous、flourish、revivalboom(繁荣)→loom(朦胧)→gloom(忧郁，阴暗)→doom(末日)2、强调,重视：stress、highlight、emphasize、underline(区别underlie位于…之下，成为…基础)3、合适的：fit、suitable、proper、appropriate4、允许：permit、permission、allow（注意：allowance表示津贴）同意：agree、consent（to介）、there is an agreement达成一致5、改革：reform、revolution6、创新，创造：devise、innovate7、满足：content（be content with）8、高兴的：happy、light-hearted、joyful、relived、pleased、pleasure、delighted、cheerful9、平等的：unbiased、impartial、equal10、等同于：be identified with、be equivalent to11、满足meet，satisfy，cater to；12、喜欢：prefer、favor、like、be fond of、enjoy、be keen on13、有利的：beneficial（be~to）14、体贴的：considerate、thoughtful、understandingBe~of sb某人很体贴15、明确的：clear、obvious、implicit16、明显：obvious、apparent(区别：transparent透明的、坦率的)、conspicuous显著的、明显的17、合格的：eligible、qualified18、谨慎的careful，discreet，prudent，cautious；19、表扬：praise、commend、complimentCommand：指挥、命令Comment：评论20、聚精会神做be absorbed in doing，be immersed in doing，be occupied with,focus on, concentrate on21、帮助：help、assist、aid22、保护：protect、guard、safeguard、defend(defendant辩护，被告)、shieldProtect/shield/guard A from B保护A免受B受害23、鼓励：cheer、encourage24、加强：promote、facilitate、enhance、strengthen、reinforce25、赶上：catch up with、keep up with26、提升：lift、elevate、promote27、精确（n.）：accuracy、precision28、谨慎：prudent、cautious29、公平：fairness、impartial30、慷慨：generous、charitable31、有希望的：promising、hopeful、brightening32、延长：prolong、extend、lengthen33、严格的：strict、rigid、rigorous34、严重的：serious，acute，severe，aggravated灵活的：flexible可行的：feasible、viable35、坚持：cling to、stick to36、流行的：popular、pervasive、prevail（动词）、prevalent37、安全的：safe、secure38、保持：sustain、maintain、keep、remain39、有活力的：vigorous、energetic、dynamic（动态的，有活力的）40、理由：reason、justification（合理的理由）Just：公正的=fairJustice：正义Judge：法官Justify：证实....是合理的41、激励：spur、encourage、create incentive（激励）、stimulate动力、动机：motive、motivation、impetus、impulse（冲动）推进、促进：promote、propel、drive（驱动）42、合理的：reasonable、rational、logical明智的：sensible、advisable、wise有道理：make sense43、高贵的：noble、royal(区别：loyal忠诚)、elegant谦卑得：humble、modest44、值得尊敬：worthy、respectable(区别：respective分别)45、利润：profit、interest、benefit（好处）46、广泛传播的：widespread、widely shared、spreading、pervasive47、不利条件：disadvantage、handicap、shortcoming、flaw、defect、drawback48、有害的：harmful、detrimental有毒的：toxic、poisonous严重的：grave、serious49、伤害、破坏：harm、damage、compromise、impair、destroy、destruct（自毁）undermine、50、矛盾：controversy（争议）dispute、contradiction（矛盾）、conflict（冲突）51、衰败：recession、depression、fade、decay、decline、slump、wither、shrink、downturn、crisis52、压力（n.）：stress、pressure、press、strain(张力、压力)、tension（紧张）53、(使)恶化make sth.worse,aggravate,deteriorate,sour；54、不服从：defy、deny、withstand(反抗)、boycott、resist55、不理会ignore，discount，disregard，pay no attention to，turn a deaf ear to；56、控告某人犯了……accuse sb.of sth,charge sb.with sth；57、浪费waste；dissipate；58、屈服：surrender to、submit to、give in to、yield to59、高估：overestimate、overrate、overvalue(区别：overlook忽视)60、忽视：overlook、neglect(negligence)、ignore(ignorance)61、几乎不：hardly、scarcely、barely、rarely、few、little62、不负责的：irresponsible、reckless、careless63、压迫：suppress、depress（使...萧条）、oppress、crackdown64、威胁：threat、menace、endanger危险：peril、danger65、虐待：abuse、torture66、困惑的：puzzle、confuse、perplex、ambiguous（模棱两可的）67、故意地：deliberately、intentionally、purposely、on/in purpose、knowingly68、冷漠的：indifferent、carefree(区别：careless粗心)、neutral(中立的)、69、悲观的：pessimistic，乐观：optimistic70、不满的：dissatisfied、discontent（be dissatisfied with、be discontent with）71、焦虑（n.）：anxiety(anxious)、depression(depressed)、gloomy、frustration(frustrated)愤怒：rage、outrage、grievance、indignation72、责备：condemn、blame、reproach、criticize73、抱怨：complain、moan、gro74、害怕：fear、be scared of、be afraid of75、憎恨：resent、hate抵抗：resist76、怀疑的：skeptical、suspicious，dubious，doubtful77、劳累的：weary、tired、stressed-out（不堪重负的）、fatigue（n.疲劳）78、敌对的：hostile、adverse、opposed79、索然无味的uninteresting，dull，tedious，boring；80、奇怪的：weird、odd、peculiar、strange81、荒谬的：ridiculous、absurd82、对手（n.）：rival、equal、comparative、competitor、opponent、adversary、敌人：foe、enemy83、灭亡：perish、die(out)、extinguish(distinguish区别)消失：disappear、vanish、diminish(减少)、gone、eliminate（消除）、abolish（废除）、erase （消除）84、避免：evade、avoid、es放弃：abandon、give up、desert(区别：dessert甜点)85、拒绝：reject、refuse、turn down、decline86、脆弱：vulnerable、weak、feeble、fragile(脆的，易碎的)、delicate87、易受...的影响：be vulnerable to、be susceptible to、subject to、be subjected to88、懒散：idle，偶像：idol理想：ideal想法：idea89、降级：downgrade、degradation90、禁止：ban（ban Sb from doing sth）forbid（forbid sb to do sth）prohibit（prohibit sb from doing sth）阻止：deter、hinder91、抛弃discard，abandon，desert，give up，get rid of；92、暂停、延期：suspend、phase back、put off、stop、postpone、delay93、忍受：stand、bear、put up with、endure94、使沮丧，使失望disappoint,frustrate，dismay,let sb.down，depress；95、挫伤，使灰心：discourage,frustrate,upset；96、厌恶，怨恨disgust，resent，hate；97、鄙视：contempt、scorn、despise、look down upon sb98、欺骗：cheat、deceive99、偷窃：thievery→theft→thief小偷100、假装pretend,sham；101、膺品fake commodity,sham,commodity with poor quality102、痛苦：agony、distress、pain、torment103、模糊的：dim、vague、obscure、loom、unclear、hazy104、营养不良：malnutrition、under-nutrition105、限制：limit、restrict、constrict、discipline、confine、hold back、scale back、curb、restrain 106、偏见（n.）：bias、prejudice、discrimination、inequality（不平等）107、多余的：surplus、redundant108、看似合理的：plausible、seem to be reasonable、appear to be reasonable109、引诱：tempt、lure、seduce110、奢侈：extravagant、luxury111、复杂的：complicated、mixed、complex、confused112、昂贵的：dear(区别：deer鹿)、expensive113、迫使：compel、force、drive、propel（促进）114、中止：end、suspend、discontinue、stop115、处理：resolve、handle、tackle、deal with、cope with、dispose、address116、监督：supervise、monitor117、转变：alter、change、transform、shift、switch、modify、convert118、管理：governance(government政府)、management/administration119、抓住：grasp、capture、seize(区别：size尺寸)120、主张：claim(区别：acclaim欢呼、称赞)、proclaim、remark、advocate、allegation、comment、review(评论)121、承认：admit、acknowledge122、利用：use→utilize、adopt（采用）、take、employ（使用）、apply可使用的：usable、available、applicable、leisure123、组成：consist of、constitute、be made from/of124、发行：issue、release、distribute、launch（launch a movement）授予：grant、award、confer125、引用：cite、illustrate(举例说明=exemplify)、quote126、挑出：single out、sort out、pick out127、结束：fulfill、finish、accomplish、carry out、achieve、complete128、选择：choose、select、option(optional)、alternative129、参加：attendance、join in、take part in、participate(participant参与者)、be present at 130、影响（n.）：impact、affect、influence131、依靠：rely on（be reliance on）、count on、depend on、132、显示：show、demonstrate、manifest揭示：reveal、demonstrate展示：disclose、display揭露：unveil133、打算：intend to、plan to、mean to do、be to do、be about to do、be going to do134、吸引：appeal(吸引、呼吁、起诉appeal to)、attract、fascinate、tempt(区别：contempt蔑视)135、作为：serve as、function as136、生产：yield、manufacturer、generate137、波动：swing、fluctuate138、谋生：earn one’s living、make one’s living、live off、earn one's keep、make money 139、遵守：comply with、conform to、abide by140、探测：detect、investigation、exploration141、获得：gain、acquire、achieve、fetch、obtain142、培养：nurture(区别：nature自然)、foster、cultivate143、观察：perceive、observe144、保留：preserve、reserve145、建议：advice、suggestion、proposal、recommendation建议（v.）：advise、suggest、propose、recommend146、面对：confront、face、be faced with、147、利用：make use of、take advantage of、harness148、产生：produce、create、generate、come into being（形成）149、修理：fix、mend、repair、perform maintenance150、购买：purchase、buy151、居住：inhabit、dwell in、reside in152、习惯于：adapt to、adjust to、accustom to(get accustomed to+N/Ving)、get used to+N/Ving 153、建立：found、set up、establish、institute154、沉思，细想ponder，meditate，think deeply，dwell on；155、必然包含involve，entail，include、156、源于：origin、come from、be from、originate from、stem from、evolve from、derive from、157、把……归因于owe.A.to B，attribute A to B158、导致：result in、cause、lead to、contribute to、give rise to、bring about159、原因：result from、owing to、thanks to、due to、because of、on account of160、解释,对...负责：A is responsible for B，A account for B,A is to blame for B161、照顾：take care of、look after、tend、attend162、趋向于：be inclined to、tend to、be apt to、be prone to163、增加：increase、rise、raise、skyrocket、advance、progress(区别：procedure程序)、improve、enhanceascend、grow、boost、soar、develop、surge放大：magnify、augment164、减少：decrease、reduce、lessen、165、最大：maximum→maximize最小：minimum→minimize166、合并：merger and acquisition、consolidation、concentration167、Sympathy：同情：show sympathy for支持：in sympathy with168、excess：过量(excessive过量的)assess：评估access：进入exceed：超过→surpass169、代表：represent、on the behalf of、embody170、能力（n.）：ability、capability、potential171、特点（n.）：feature、characteristic、trait172、方法（n.）：ways、means、approach、solution、remedy(补救措施)、measure、method 173、数据（n.）：data、statistics、figure174、信息（n.）：information、message、data、figure、statistics175、职业（n.）：occupation(occupy占据)、vocation(vacation假期)、profession、career、职位（n.）：position、post、job、work176、心情（n.）：mood、emotion、atmosphere（氛围）177、环境（n.）、上下文：context环境（n.）：circumstance、environment178、地位（n.）：status、rank、position179、会议（n.）：conference、meeting、convention180、交易（n.）：deal、trade、exchange、transaction181、前景（n.）：prospect、future、expectation、outlook182、工厂（n.）：factory、plant183、医生（n.）：doctor、surgeon(外科医生)、physician(内科医生)184、手术（n.）：operation、surgery(外科手术)185、安乐死（n.）：mercy killing、euthanasia、physician-assisted suicide 186、语言：verbally、language、words、lingual187、事情（n.）：stuff员工（n.）：staff188、密码（n.）：code，decode(解密)，encode(加密)189、法案（n.）：act、bill、law法律（n.）：law→lawyer、attorney、judge法律的、立法的：legislation→legislative190、回应（n.）：interaction、response、reaction191、标准（n.）：standard、level、criteria192、财产（n.）：estate、real estate(房地产)、property、asset193、郊区的：rural、suburban194、地区：regions、scope、area、range、sphere、scale(规律)195、计划：plan星球：planet植物、工厂：plant196、结果：result、consequence、outcome197、海洋：marine(submarine潜水艇)、oceanic(ocean)198、智力：wisdom、intelligence、wit199、部分：component、portion、element、proportion、percentage200、意识：awareness、consciousness201、水流：currency、stream202、换句话说：put another way、in other words、translate、mean、interpret 203、学术：academic、scholastic、scholarly204、薪水：salary、pay、wage、emolument花费：expenses、income、revenue、gain、earning津贴：subsidy、pension、allowance、bonus205、告示：announcement、notice、poster、bulletin206、行为：action、behavior、conduct、performance（表现）207、差异：difference、distinction208、股票：stock、share、209、份额：share、percentage、proportion、portion210、可能性：possibility、probability、likelihood211、想法、概念：notion、concept、idea、view212、观点：viewpoint、perspective、point of view213、联盟：league、association、union、alliance（ally）214、种类：category、kind、sort、class215、背景：background、setting216、聚会：party、gathering、ceremony（仪式，典礼）217、旅行：journey、travel、trip、tour（tourism旅游业）218、部分：segment、part、portion、sector(部门）219、模式：pattern、model、mode220、童话（n.）：fairy tale神话（n.）：myth、mythology221、假期（n.）：holiday、vacation222、努力：effort、endeavor（make an endeavor/effort to do sth）223、机构：organization、institution224、责任：duty、obligation、liability、responsibility225、策略：strategy、tactic226、因此：thus、whereby、therefore、hence、accordingly、consequently、227、然而：nevertheless、though、natheless、nonetheless228、通过(介)：via、through、by、with229、尽管：in spite of、although、though、despite230、大约：roughly、around、about、some、approximately231、最终：finally、eventually、ultimately232、关于：concerning、in terms of、with respect to233、而不是：rather than除了：other than234、永恒的：eternal、permanent、everlasting，for good，forever暂时的：temporary、transient、impermanent、tentative235、多样的：various、diverse236、直接的：frank、straight、direct237、完全地：utterly、entirely、completely238、相当地：fairly、relatively239、唯一的：only、sole、mere、single（单一的）240、强壮的：strong、robust241、充足的：ample、abundant、sufficient、adequate、enough242、天生的：inborn、innate、inherent、gene-、bio-（生理/物的）243、不可避免的：inevitable、unavoidable，indispensable（必不可少的）244、轻微的：subtle、slight、mild、modest245、主要的，首要的primary,main,chief，principal,sovereign，dominate，predominant 246、首位：predominance、primary、primitive、primacy247、大的：giant、massive、tremendous、dramatic、enormous、huge、large248、重要：vital、critical、crucial、essential、significant、indispensible、key249、相互的：inter、mutually250、以前的：previous、former、latter、prior to(priority优先→primary初级的、重要的→primitive原始的)251、保守的：conservative(conservation保存)、traditional、custom，激进：radical252、当代的：contemporary、modern（现代的）253、内部的：interior、inner、internal254、外部的：exterior、outer、external255、相关的：relevant、related、concerned、A has sth.to do with B、link between A and B、correlation between A and B256、青少年：adolescent、teenager、juvenile257、代表者：representative、delegate258、市民：citizen、residents of a city;townspeople农民：farmer、residents of the rural areas、peasant、migrant workers（农民工）259、居民：inhabitant、dweller、resident260、观众：audience、spectator、viewer261、游客：sightseer、visitor、traveler、tourist262、员工：worker、employee、staff、personnel（全体员工）、faculty（全体教职工）、labour （劳动力）、labor force263、学者：academic、scholar、educator（教育者）、professor、expert、specialist 264、同伴：partner、companion265、公司（n.）：enterprise、firm、company、corporation266、顾客（n.）：customer、client、consumer、guest267、政客（n.）：politician、statesman。
Unit4词汇讲解讲义高中英语人教版选择性
选择性必修第一册UNIT 4 Body Language （人与社会）1.interaction [ˌɪntərˈækʃən]: n. 交流; 相互影响interact : v. 相互交流；相互影响interact with sb.interactive : adj. 互动的；交互的；合作的inter: 构词法，表示“相互的；之间”；action n. 行动; 活动; 动作international : adj.国际的；internet : n.互联网；interview: n./v.面试，采访interfere : v.干涉；干预facetoface interactions 面对面的交流1)We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. 在与他人的交往中，我们用话语和肢体语言来表达自己的思想和观点。
2) Lucy interacts well with other children with the class.2. vary [ˈveəri]: vi. (根据情况)变化; 改变various [ˈveərɪəs]: adj. 不同的; 各种各样的; 多姿多彩的various kinds of theme parks 各种各样的主题公园variety [vəˈraɪətɪ]：n. 变化; 种类; 多样化(varieties of; a variety of)variety show 综艺节目varied : adj. 各种各样的；多变化的；varied diet 多样化的饮食variation : n. 变化；差别；变奏曲the regional/seasonal variation 地区性/季节性变化vary considerably/greatly/widely 大不相同vary with... 随...变化/改变vary in...: 在...方面不同/有差异（differ in...）vary from...to...: 从...到...变化; 在...与...之间变化; 从...到...不等(range from...to...) vary from person to person 因人而异拓展：diversifydiversediversity1)Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture.正如口语一样，肢体语言也因文化而异。
考研阅读高频同义替换词汇总
阅读高频同义替换词大汇总注1：下面的等号不代表词义词性的完全相同，只是一种意思上的对应。
注2：红色字体单词不常用，但是比较重要。
/财产：property = real estate = estate = asset/精确：precision = accuracy/创新：thinking ability = critical thinking = creative = innovation/认为合理：think proper = logical thinking/推理：reasoning = logical thought = thought/大众文化：popular culture = common culture/文化力：cultural power = assimilating power/阻止：prevent = hinder = refrain = deter/法官：judge = Justice/忧虑：apprehension = worry = anxiety = depression = gloomy = frustration/人：mind(有才智的人;精英) = people = individual/信心：faith = confidence = assertiveness/斥责：dismiss = rebuke = criticize/tap(开发)：tap the market = explore the market = expand the market/处理：resolve = handle = tackle = deal with = cope with = dispose = address/繁荣：prosperous = flourish = boom/合并：merger and acquisition = consolidation = concentration/转变,转换：alter = change = transform = shift = switch = modify = convert = vary/替换：replace = substitute = displace = change/首位：predominance = primary = primitive = primacy/参加：attendance = join in = take part in = participate(participant 参与者) = be present at/强调：stress = highlight = emphasize = underline/增加：increase = rise = raise = boost = skyrocket = advance = progresmprove = grows = i = enhance = soar = develop/数据：data = statistics = figure/复杂：complicated = mixed = complex = perplex = intricate = sophisticated = confused/影响：impact = affect = influence/压力：stress = pressure = press = strain/政客：politician = statesman/特点：feature = characteristic = trait/改革：reform = revolution/心情：mood = emotion = atmosphere/愤怒：rage = outrage = grievance = indignation/限制：limit = restrict = constrict = discipline = confine= hold back = scale back = curb on(遏制)/地位：status = rank/可用的：usable = available = applicable = leisure(空闲的)/偏见：bias = prejudice = discrimination = inequality/授予：grant = award/语言：verbally = language = words = lingual/交易：deal = trade = exchange = transaction/加强：promote = facilitate = enhance = strengthen = reinforce/保守：conservative(conservation 保存) = traditional = custom/顾客：customer = client = consumer = guest/暂停,延期：suspend = phase back = put off = postpone = delayed/信息：information = message = data = figure = statistics/故意：deliberately = intentionally = purposely = on/in purpose/冷漠：indifferent = neutral(中立的) = carefree/吸引：appeal = attract = fascinate = tempt/作为：serve as = function as/对手：rival = equal = comparative = competitor = opponent = adversary /谨慎：prudent = cautious = discreet = scrupulous = wary = alert/标准：standard = level = criteria/地区：regions = scope = range = sphere(势力范围)/观察：perceive = observe公平,公正：fair(fairness) = impartial = just = unbiased = disinterested/保护：protect = guard = safeguard = defend(defendant 辩护,被告) = shield/生产：yield = manufacturer = generate/脆弱：vulnerable = weak = feeble = fragile = susceptible/关于：concerning = in terms of = with respect to/主张：claim = proclaim = remark = advocate = allegation = comment/ 部分, 成分：component = portion = element = proportion = percentage = ingredient = constituent = part/意识：aware = conscious/承认：admit = acknowledge/永恒：eternal = permanent = everlasting = perpetual = invariable/谋生：earn one's living = make one's living = live off/值得尊敬：worthy = respectable(区别:respective 分别的)/尊敬：worship = esteem = admire/遵守：comply with = conform to/水流：currency = stream/获得：gain = acquire = achieve = fetch = obtain = derive/培养：nurture = foster = cultivate/学术：academic = scholastic = scholarly/奇怪：weird = odd = peculiar = strange/模糊：dim = vague = obscure = loom/薪水：salary = pay = wage = emolument/津贴：subsidy = pension = allowance/告示：announcement = notice = poster = bulletin/需要：require = need = take = want = call for = cry for = entail(需要,使必要) = demand/痛苦：misery(miserable) = suffering = pain = unpleasant = grief = grievance(还有“不满,愤怒”之意)/权力：power = authority = control = dominance = rule(统治) = influence(影响力)/迷惑的,欺骗的：misleading = confusing = deceptive = unrealistic = misrepresentative = false /不清楚的, 不确定的：unclear = uncertain = doubtful = undecided = unsure = in doubt = vague = ambiguous/经常,通常：often = more often than not(往往,多半) = every so often = frequently = usually = over and over again = time and again = repeatedly = habitually = regularly/认为：argue = maintain = allege = insist = affirm = hold = think = suppose/表明：show = prove = illustrate = demonstrate = confirm = indicate = establish = suggest = reveal = uncover = disclose = make known/ 批评：critical(criticism) = disapproving = disagreeing = disapproval = blame =censure = disparage/大众：the masses = the general public = consumers(消费者) = ordinary people = rank andfile(普通成员) = populace(百姓,平民)/ 重要的：important = significant = vital = imperative = central = chief = key = main = essential = principal = critical = crucial = weighty = indispensable(不可或缺)/招收：enroll = employ = take on = enlist = draft(征募) = engage(聘用) = conscript = sign up = enroll = hire = recruit = select(选拔)/感觉,意识到：sense = feel = understand = realize/供给：supply = stock = provide = furnish = feed = provision/愚笨的：clumsy = awkward = unskillful/怀疑的：doubtful = suspicious = questionable = suspect = uncertain = dubious = skeptical/难以置信地：incredibly = unbelievably = unlikely/保护：protect = defend = guard = shelter = shield = preserve/例外：exception = exclusion/自然地：naturally = certainly = surely = indeed注：反义是artificially(人工地)/全体人员：personnel = staff = faculty(全体教员) = crew = workers/适当地,正确地：properly = appropriately = suitably = correctly/适度的：moderate = modest = proper/扩大：widen = broaden = enlarge = extend = expand = stretch/源于：derive from = originate from = stem from = come from/多样性：diversity = variety = multiplicity = difference/狭窄的,缩小：narrow = limited = restricted = tighten = narrow down/交流：communicate = convey = transmit = inform/ 完全地, 彻底地：completely = entirely = utterly = fully = altogether = thoroughly = absolutely = perfectly = totally/方面,外观：aspect = appearance = look = view/性格,品质：character = quality = personality = nature/无意识的：unconscious = unaware = absent-minded = unintentional/分析,研究：analyze = evaluate = study/贡献：contribute = donate = provide = give/描述：describe = portray = represent = picture/职业,行业：profession = occupation = career = trade/任务：mission = assignment = duty = task/业绩，执行：performance = act = achievement = accomplishment/尤其,特别：especially = particularly = primarily = chiefly/显著地,非凡地：remarkably = extraordinarily = unusually = surprisingly/ 巨大的：enormous = huge = vast = massive = giant = mammoth = gigantic = colossal = gargantuan = titanic = immense/考虑：contemplate = meditate = ponder = speculate/一致的：consensus = consistent = unanimous = coherent/商品：commodity = merchandise = purchase(购置物)/小册子：brochure = booklet = pamphlet/充足的：ample = affluent = plentiful = sufficient = superfluous = abundant = adequate/假冒,模仿：simulate = imitate = disguise = mock = forge = hypocrisy = pattern/小屋：hut = shed = cottage/渗透：permeate = penetrate = saturate/租：lease = rent = tenant = hire/暂时的,临时的：temporary = transient = interim = tentative = briefly/气味：scent = odor = fragrant = perfume/腐败,侵蚀：corrode = rot = decay = corrupt = stale = degenerate/退：repel = recede = retreat = retire/鄙视：contempt = despise = scorn = disdain = look down upon /波动：swing = sway = vibrate = fluctuate/微不不不不: negligible不 trivial不 insignificant/不不不不不不: fragile不 brittle不 crisp不 delicate/不不不: prominent不 eminent不 renowned/不不不不不: reclaim不 refund不 retrieve不 withdraw/不不: affiliate不 appendix不 auxiliary/不不不: energetic不 robust不 Vigorous不 brisk不 dynamic/不不: satire不 sarcastic/不不: reputation不 celebrity不fame不 prestige/不不不: underlying不 implicit不 latent不loom不 potential/不不: vocation不 occupation不 pursuit/不不: remedy不 therapy不 medication/不不: commence不 outset不 threshold/管理: supervise=administrate=manage= regulate/不不不: tedious不 monotonous/不不不: swift不 prompt不 Instant/不:heap不 stack不pile/不不: nourish不 nurture不rear不 foster/不不: likelihood不 possibility不 potentiality/不不不: authentic不 engine不real/不不不: inherent不 Intrinsic不 Innate不 inborn/不不不: primitive不 primeval不 Incipient/不不不: remainder不 surplus不 redundant不 remnant不 excess/不不不不不: inherit不 heritage不 legacy不 successor/不不不: conventional-不 traditional不 orthodox不 used to do/不不: impair不 damage不ruin不harm/不不不: conspicuous不 obvious不 evident/不不: refute不 retort不 contradict/不不: solemn不 sacred不 males/不不不不不: renovate不 revive不 refresh不 rejuvenate不 regain不 restore。
[汇总]常用语言学术语
![[汇总]常用语言学术语](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/dd31f2f95ff7ba0d4a7302768e9951e79b8969e9.png)
常用语言学词汇表abbreviation缩写法acculturation语言文化移入acoustic phonetics声学语言学acronym词首字母缩略词address term称谓语addresser发话人addressee受话人adjacency毗邻Adjacency Condition毗邻条件Adjacency Parameter毗邻参数Affix词缀Affixation加词缀法Affricate塞擦音Afroasiatic非亚语系agreement rule一致关系规则allophone音位变体alveolar齿龈音alveolus齿龈angular gyrus角形脑回antonymy反义现象antonym反以词apocope词尾音脱落aphasia失语症aphasic失语症患者applied linguistics应用语言学arbitrariness任意性argument论元articulatory phonetics发音语音学articulatory variable发音变项aspiration送气assimilation同化approximation近似化auditory phonetics听觉语音学Austronesian…语系Babbling咿呀学语back-formation逆向构词法back vowel后元音Behaviorism行为主义Behaviorist learning theory行为主义学习理论Behaviorist Psychology行为主义心理学Bilabial双唇音Bilingualism双语现象Black English黑人英语Blending混合法Borrowing借用bound morpheme黏着语素brain lateralization大脑左右半球侧化branching node分叉点broad transcription宽式音标Broca’s area布罗卡区caretaker speech保姆语case格Case Condition格条件case marking格标志causative verb使役动词central vowel中元音cerebral cortex大脑皮层cerebral plasticity大脑弹性channel渠道classical language古典语言clipping略写法closed class word封闭类词code代码code-switching代码切换cognate同源词co-hyponyms并列下义词coinage创新词color word色彩词combinational rule组合规则commissives承诺类词communicative competence交际能力comparative reconstruction比较重建法competence语言能力complement补语complement construction补足语complementarity互补性反义现象complementary distribution互补分布complex sentence复合句componential analysis成分分析法components of meaning意义成分compound word复合词compounding复合法computational linguistics计算语言学concept概念conceptualist view意念观consonant辅音constituent成分constituent structure成分结构constraint制约construction结构content word实词context语境;上下文contextualism语境论Contrastive Analysis对比分析法conversational implicature会话含义co-operative principle合作原则coordinate sentence并列句creativity创造性critical period关键期;临界期cultural transmission文化传播declaration宣告类deep structure深层结构dental齿音derivation派生法derivational morpheme派生语素derivative派生词descriptive linguistics描写语言学design feature识别特征determiner限定词diachronic linguistics历时语言学diacritics变音符号dialect方言dialectal synonym方言同义词dichotic listening test两耳分听测试diglossia双言现象diphthong复合元音Directionalilty Parameter方位参数Directives指令类Displacement不受时空限制的特性distinctive feature区别性特征D-structure深层结构duality of structure结构二重性e double articulation结构二重性embedded clause嵌入句emotive meaning表情意义entailment含义entity实体epenthesis插入音Error Analysis错误分析法euphemism委婉语evaluative meaning评价意义expressives表达类factive predicate叙述性谓词family tree谱系树feature symbol特征标记features of meaning意义特征finite clause 限定小句finite verb限定动词formalize形式化fossilization语言僵化framework框架free morpheme自由语素fricative擦音front vowel前元音function word虚词functional shift功能性转换functor element起功能作用成分gender性Generative Grammar生成语法Generative Semantics生成语义学genetic predisposition基因先天条件genetic relationship亲缘关系glide滑音glottal喉音glottis声门gradable antonym/opposites可分等级的反义词grammaticality语法性grammatical meaning语法意义Great V owel Shift元音大变位hard palate硬腭head 中心词，核心词hemispheric dominance for language大脑半球的语言优势hierarchical structure层次结构high variety高层次变体historical comparative linguistics历史比较语言学historical linguistics历史语言学holophrastic sentence独词句homography同形homonymy同音异义；同形异义homophony同音异义hyponymy下义关系hyponym下义词idiolect个人语言特点illocutionary act言外形为inconsistency自相矛盾Indo-European印欧语系infinitive marker不定式标记inflection曲折变化inflectional morpheme曲折语素input输入instrumental motivation工具性学习动机intake接受integrative motivation介入性学习动机interference干扰interlanguage中介语，语际语internalize内在化International Phonetic Alphabet国际音标interpersonal communication人际交际intonation 语调intuition 直觉labeled (unlabeled) tree diagram加标记树形图labial唇音LAD 语言习得机制Language Acquisition Device language acquisition语言习得language behavior语言行为language center语言中枢language faculty语言机制language family语系language perception语言感知language planning语言规划language variation语言变异larynx喉lax vowel松元音level层；平面level of language语言层次lexical category词类lexical structure词汇结构lexicology词汇学lexicon词汇linear structure线性结构linguistic competence语言能力linguistic determinism语言决定论linguistic lateralization语言侧化linguistic performance语言运用linguistic relativism语言相对论linguistic repertoire全部语言知识linguistic taboo禁忌语linguistics语言学liquid流音loan word外来词localization定位locutionary act言内行为low variety低层次语言变体manner of articulation发音方法matrix clause主句maxim of manner方式准则maxim of quality质量准则maxim of quantity数量准则maxim of relation关联准则meaning意义meaningfulness有意义meaning relation意义关系mentalism心理主义mentalistic theory精神论message信息metathesis语音变位Middle English中世纪英语minimal pair最小对立对Modern English现代英语Monophthong单元音Morpheme词素morphlogical rule形态学规则morphology形态学mother tongue母语Move α移动α规则movement rule移位规则naming theory命名论narrow transcription严式音标narrowing of meaning词义缩小nasal cavity鼻腔nasality鼻音化nasalize鼻音化natural route of development自然发展轨道negator否定词neurolinguist神经语言学家neuron神经元no-place predication空位述谓结构object宾语Old English古英语one-place predication一位述谓结构optimum age最佳学习年龄oral cavity口腔overextension扩展过度overgeneralization概括过度overt thought有声思维palatal腭音paralinguistic副语言学的parameter参数performance语言运用performance error语言运用错误perlocutionary act言后行为pharyngeal cavity咽腔phone音素phoneme音位phonemic contrast音位对立phonetic feature语音特征phonetics语音学phonological rule音位规则phonology音位学phrasal category词组类phrase structure rule短语结构规则pidgin洋泾浜语place of articulation发音部位plosive爆破音polysemy多义性postpone后移prepose前移postvocalic元音后的pragmatics语用学predicate谓语predication述谓结构predication analysis述谓结构分析prefix前缀presprictive (grammar)规定语法presupposition前提proposition命题prepositional content命题内容protolanguage原始语psycholinguistics心理语言学puberty青春期qualifying predication修饰性述谓结构Received Pronunciation标准发音Recursiveness循环性Reference所指语义referring expression所指名词register语域relational opposites关系反义词representation表达；呈现representatives阐述类response反应retroflex卷舌音rewrite rule重写规则rounded vowel圆唇元音SAE标准美国英语Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 萨皮尔-沃尔夫假设second language acquisition第二语言习得segment切分成分semantic anomaly语义异体semantic deviation语义变异semantic broadening语义广义化semantic narrowing语义狭义化semantic shift语义演变semantics语义学semantic structure语义结构semantic triangle语义三角sense意义sequential rule序列规则setting背景；环境sexist language性别歧视语sibilant咝音simple sentence简单句Sino-Tibetan汉藏语系situational dialect语域方言sociolect社会方言sociolinguistics社会语言学soft palate软腭species-specific capacity物种特有能力specifier指示语spectrograph频谱仪speech act言语行为speech community言语社区speech variety言语变体S-structure表层结构standard language标准语stem词干stimulus刺激stop爆破音stress重音structural constituency结构成分性structural linguistics结构主义语言学subject主语subordinate predication主从述谓性结构subscript下标subvocal predication无声言语suffix后缀superordinate上坐标词suprasegmental feature超切分特征surface structure表层结构synchronic linguistics共时语言synonymy同义词syntactic ambiguity句法歧义syntactic category句法类型syntactic rule句法规则syntax句法taboo word禁忌词target language目标语tautology同义反复teeth ridge齿龈隆骨telegraphic speech电报式言语tense and aspect时和体tense vowel紧元音tone音调；声调tone language声调语言topic话题；主题transfer转移Transformational-Generative Grammar转换生成语法transformational rule转换规则tree diagram树形图two-place predication双位述谓结构unaspirated不送气underextension扩展不足Universal Grammar普遍语法Utterance话语utterance meaning话语意义uvula小舌validity有效性variable变项velar软腭音velum软腭vernacular本地话；本国语vocal cord声带voiced浊音化的voiceless不带音的，清音的voicing带音化，浊音化vowel元音Wernicke’s area韦尼克区。
同义词大全
同义词大全A:absorb=appealappealing=attractive=charming=invitingabsorbed by=compensate forabsorbed=engrossed=fully engaged inabundant 丰富的=plentifulaccommodate容纳，供应=provide foraccomplished=achieved=completed=finishedaccumulate=collectaccumulation=collectionaccurately=correctly=exactly=preciselyaddress=speechadjacent (to)=nearby=neighboring=adjoiningadvent到来出现=arrival: with the advent of high speed internet= affair=matteraggravate加重，恶化，激怒= worsenakin to同类，近似=similar to: alike= available= astray= afraid= aware= alone= alive= asleep= aloftallied with与结盟=link to: allied countriesallocate=designate=distributealmost=nearlyaloft在。
之上=overheadalter=change=transformalthough=butaltogether完全的，总共=completelyamenity舒适，礼仪愉快=pleasantample丰富的，足够的=plentiful: ample amplify amplifier amplificationannual= yearly anniversary: semiannuallyantiseptic防腐= cleanantithesis对立面=opposeapparent=obvious=evidentappreciable相当可观的，可感知的= noticeableapproach= come closer toapproach= way= means= methodardent热情，热心的=enthusiastic (about)argue=debateargue (that)=hold (that)article=itemarticulate发音清晰=formulate明确表达as well as=in addition to= andas well= also= tooassertion声明=strong statementassistance=benefitassistance=help= aidassume承担，假定=take onassume=imagineastute机敏的狡猾的=agile敏捷的astute=cleverat random胡乱的，任意的=not plannedattribute把。
雅思阅读新思路之定位+同义替换
雅思阅读新思路之定位+同义替换雅思阅读总是同学们大为头疼的一项内容，我整理了雅思阅读解题新思路，一起来学习吧，下面我就和大家共享，来观赏一下吧。
雅思阅读新思路--定位+同义替换在雅思培训中，阅读老师基本上宣称讲的都是“做题技巧”，而阅读方法技能本身讲的很少。
由于讲做题技巧最有针对性，同学来听课的主要目的也是盼望知道怎么做题，因此大部分老师都在分析总结各种题型的解题特点，解题规律等。
但是，笔者发觉有一个突出的事实就是，一般老师授课太注意题目的特征，许多做题技巧就难免有牵强附会之嫌。
而忽视了剑桥雅思阅读考试的本质特征：英语原版文章，词汇量大，学术性和“反投机”(即尽可能防止考生在读不懂文章的状况小，蒙对答案)。
特殊是由于“反投机”机制的存在，假如老师自己都没有概念，那么你的解题技巧说不定就把你的雅思培训同学送上了“歧途”。
由于你的所谓“技巧”恰恰就是雅思阅读考试题目“革命”的对象，同学也就刚刚好成了牺牲品。
多年的教学阅历告知我，有些题目是不能纯粹靠做题技巧来解决的，必需结合肯定的阅读技能(比如，单词理解，长难句)才能顺当解出。
而且，雅思阅读题型有10种之多，这么多纷繁简单的题型好像又各自有着自己的一些解题技巧和解题步骤，在考试时一篇文章后面往往会有几种题型，而考生需要记清不同的解题方法会显得力不从心，手忙脚乱。
本文单纯从揣测剑桥雅思的出题意图的角度，来争论一下雅思阅读和其他英语考试阅读在解题上方法的差异……一.剑桥雅思索试阅读考题中的替换在几乎全部的英语阅读理解类的考试中，由于阅读文章原文所供应的信息要远远大于题目所考察的信息，所以英语阅读考试有一个特别关键的技巧就是，利用“信号词”或“定位词”在原文中的重现去定位(“Pin down”)所考察的细节，这个过程就是英语阅读理解考试解题中的“定位法”。
但是，许多第一次甚至部分多次参与雅思索试的考生都发觉一个惊奇的现象：利用以往国内四六级英语考试的定位方法时，在原文根本找不到你要的那个单词或者考题的信息点，也就铺张大量的时间，最终解题还是要靠感觉去瞎蒙。
初中英语 基本词汇语法解析 以字母l开头的单词
以字母l开头的单词Llab [læb]n. [C]实验室【知识拓展】同义词：laboratorylabour ['leɪbə]n.劳动力，人工；He lives by honest labour.他靠正当的劳动生活。
lady ['leɪdɪ]n.贵妇人；女士，夫人；She is a beautiful lady.她是一位美丽的女士。
lake [leɪk]n. [C] 湖（泊）They can go fishing in the lake.他们可以去湖里钓鱼。
【常用搭配】West Lake杭州西湖‖salt lake盐湖，盐水湖‖on the lake在湖面上‖East Lake东湖‖by the lake在湖边lamb [læm]n. [C, U] 羔羊；羔羊肉lamp [læmp]n. [C] 灯具；灯台land [lænd]n. [U] ○1陆地、○2大地○3(做某种用途) 土地‖v.着陆The airliner landed safely. 客机安全降落了。
【常用搭配】be on land在陆地上‖ reach land抵达陆地‖come to land到陆地language ['læŋgwɪdʒ]n. [C，U] 语言；方言We learn a language in order to communicate.我们学习一种语言是为了交流思想。
lap [læp]n.大腿large[lɑːdʒ]adj.大的；巨大的；广博的【知识拓展】同义词：biglast[lɑːst]adj.最后的；最近的‖v.持续December is the last month of the year. 十二月是一年的最后一月。
How long do you think this fine weather will last? 你认为这样的好天气会持续多久？late [leɪt]○迟的；晚的；○（日夜、时间等）近末尾的○（多用于最高级）最新的、最近的‖adv.晚、迟My flight was an hour late. 我那趟航班晚了一个小时。
英语语言学复习资料
语言学Linguistic各章重点,学习资料整理1.1What is language？Language is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication.1.2Design features of language①Arbitrariness任意性：The property of language by which there is in general no natural (i。
e。
logical）relation between the form of a single lexical unit and its meaning。
②Duality二重性Language consists of two levels of structures. The lower (secondary）level is a definite set of meaningless sounds, which combine to form meaningful units which constitute a higher (primary) level。
③Creativity创造性Language is creative in the sense that its users can understand and produce sentences they have never heard before。
④Displacement移位性By displacement is meant that language can be used to refer to things that are not present (in time and space）at the moment of communication。
1.3Functions of language①Informative信息功能Language serves an informative function when it is used to express the speaker’s opinion, to state a fact，or to reason things out。
分类记忆、同义词反义词
fever
[‘fi:və]
_ _ _ _ache
[’hedeɪk]
runny n_s_
throat
[θrəʊt]
sneeze sneeze
[sni:z]
subject
[bai'ɒlədʒi]
['kemistri]
bi_log_ n.生物; ch_m_str_ n.化学
['histri]
hist_ry n.历史
Japanese [dʒæpə'ni:z] Russian ['rʌʃn]
n.日语 n.俄语
['tʃainə]
China
n.中国
country
[ɒ'streilɪə]
Australia
n.澳大利亚
['iŋɡlənd]
England
n.英国
[frens]
Frence
n法国
[dʒə'pæ n]
Japan
分类记忆 同义词、反义词记忆
汉语中的同义词
安放 放置 参观 访问
财产 财富 大概 大约
language
Chinese [tʃai'ni:z] Egyptian [i'dʒipʃn]
n.汉语 n.埃及
English French
['iŋgliʃ] [frentʃ]
n.英语 n法语
German ['dʒə:mən] n.德国
dress [dres] n.衣服; 礼服; 连衣裙;
coat [kəʊt] n.上衣，外套
jacket ['dʒækit] n.短上衣，夹克
vest [vest]
Language points知识点
Language points知识点一、语言点：语法知识在英语中，语法知识是学习和掌握英语的基础。
以下是一些常用的语法知识点。
1. 主谓一致：主语与谓语动词在人称和数上要保持一致。
例如：She walks to school every day.（主语为第三人称单数，谓语动词为walks）2. 时态：英语中有多种时态，如一般现在时、过去时、将来时等。
时态的正确使用是表达时间关系的关键。
例如：He will go to the party tomorrow.（将来时）3. 被动语态：被动语态用于表示动作的承受者。
被动语态的结构是：be动词（根据时态变化）+过去分词。
例如：The book is written by him.（被动语态）4. 介词：介词表示人、物、地点或时间在句中的关系。
常用的介词有in, on, at, by等。
例如：I will meet you at the park.（介词at表示地点）5. 连词：连词用于连接词与词、词组与词组或句子与句子，起到衔接作用。
例如：He likes both coffee and tea.（连词and连接两个名词）6. 直接引语和间接引语：直接引语是直接引述别人的话，使用引号括起来；间接引语是在引述别人的话时进行转述，不使用引号。
例如：He said, "I am busy."（直接引语）→ He said that he was busy.（间接引语）二、语言点：词汇知识词汇是语言的基本单位，掌握丰富的词汇能够表达更准确和丰富的意思。
以下是一些常用的词汇知识点。
1. 同义词和反义词：同义词是指词义相近或相同的词；反义词是指词义相反的词。
例如：big和large是同义词；happy和sad是反义词。
2. 词根与词缀：了解词的构成方式，可以帮助理解和记忆词汇。
例如：un-是一个常见的否定前缀，如unhappy表示不快乐。
3. 同音词和近义词：同音词是指发音相同但词义不同的词；近义词是指词义相近但并非完全相同的词。
英文同义词替换大全
精心整理同义词替换大全?Cambridge?4?TEST?1?1.ignore=pay?no?attention=not?pay?any?attention=take?no?notice=not?take?an y?notice忽略，无视v.?14.get?warmer=global?warming变暖n.15.contribute?to=play?a?part有助于v.16.survive=continuing?existence幸存，活下来v.17.curriculum=course=syllabus课程n.18.link?to=be?connected?with=be?linked?with把…和…相联系v.19.underdeveloped=degenerated=rudimentary不发达的adj.20.poor=bad=badly=not?very?good=no?good?at?something=weak贫穷的，可怜的adj.21.exceptional=good=excellent=outstanding=brilliant=impressive=admirabl e超常的，例外的adj.adj.主动的，自发的adj.?主动权n.2.increase=go?up=rise=grow=climb=gain=escalate=pick?up=widen=be?on?the?in crease=intensify=expand=build?up上升，增加v.3.teach=educate=train=coach=instruct=bring?up教学v.4.more?than?one?language=bilingual=sb's?second?language多种语言n.5.determine=establish=identify=pinpoint=diagnose?决定v.6.young?people=teenager=youth=in?your?teens=adolescent=minor年轻n.munity=all?the?people?in?a?particular?area,?city,?country?etc.群体，团体，社区n.8.traditional=old-fashioned=outdated=outmoded=unfashionable传统的adj.18.retrain=taking?courses再教育v.19.salary=pay=wage=income=earnings=fee工资，收入n.20.long-term=chronic=long-running=long-standing=lasting=lifelong=prolonged=l ingering=enduring=abiding=incurable长期的adj.plaint=complain=make?a?complaint=protest=object=complain抱怨n.22.illness=disease=virus=bug=infection疾病n.23.connection=relationship=link=correlation联系n.24.beneficial=be?good?for?you/?do?somebody?good=wholesome=nutritious=nour ishing=healthful有益的adj.25.insight=comprehension=understanding理解，见解n.adj.k??防御37.assist=help=aid=with?the?aid?of帮助v.?38.specific=give?(somebody)?more?details=expand?on=enlarge?on=go?into?more =greater?detail=be?more?specific=be?more?explicit=elaborate特定的adj.39.substance=a?particular?type?of?solid,?liquid,?or?gas?物质?n.40.surroundings=environment=circumstance?环境n.41.engage=give?somebody?a?job=employ=take?on=appoint=recruit=sign?up雇佣?v.bine=mix=stir=beat=blend=whisk=dilute联合v.43.survival=the?state?of?continuing?to?live?or?exist幸存n.?Cambridge?4?TEST?3n.?9.crime=?illegal?activities?in?general犯罪n.?10.reject=to?refuse?to?accept,?believe?in,?or?agree?with?something拒绝v.?11.employ=give?somebody?a?job=take?on=engage=?appoint=recruit=sign?up雇佣v.?12.courier=a?person?or?company?that?is?paid?to?take?packages?somewhere快递员n.?13.storage=keep=store=keep?something?in?storage=preserve存储n.?14.facility=rooms,?equipment,?or?services?that?are?provided?for?a?particular? purpose?设备n.?15.ambitious=ambition=power-hungry/power-mad=competitive=?determined?ton.? adj.?。
语言学名词解释
1.(7-8)Language: language is a system of arbitrary任意的vocal symbols used for human communication. ( Language is a system; language is arbitrary; language is vocal; language is human –specific.)2.(15)phonetics语音学: a branch of linguistics语言学which is studies the characteristic of speech sounds语音and provides methods for their description ，classification and transcription.3.(62)semantics语义学: it can be defined as the study of meaning which is central to the study of communication.4.(77)pragmatics语用学: the study of how speakers of a language use sentences to effect产生，引起successful communication.（It’s also the study of language in use or language communication, the study of the use of context to make inference about meaning.）5.(42)syntax: is a branch of linguistics that studies how words are combined to form sentences and the rules that govern the formation结构，组成of sentences.6.(31)morphology形态学: it refers to the study of the internal内部的structure of words and the rules by which words are formed.7.(66)synonymy同义词: refers to the sameness or close similarity of meaning. Words that are close in meaning are called synonyms.8.(66)reference指称: means what a linguistic form refers to in the real,真实physical world物质; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world（非语言世界，即real，physical world）of experience.9.(66)sense词义: is concerned with the inherent固有的，内在的meaning of a linguistic form, the collection集合of all its features（语言形式所有特征的集合）; it’s abstract and de-contextualized去情景化. I t’s the aspect of meaning dictionary compilers编辑者are interested in.10.(9)duality: language is a system, which consists of two sets of structures, or two levels. A large number of units of meaning such as morphemes and words are found at the higher level of the system. The duality of structure of language enables its users to talk about anything within their knowledge.?11.(112-113)dialect: dialects vary. A regional dialect is a linguistic variety used by people living in the same geographical region. Social dialect has to do with separation brought about by different social conditions.?12.(114)accent: it’s an important marker of sociolect. Regional accents and RP took on social implications, becoming in effect social accents.?13.(87)conversational maxim会话准则: It has 4 maxims: the maxim of quantity(make your contribution as informative as required;don’t make your contribution more informative than is required),the maxim of quality(don’t say what you believe to be false;don’t say that for which you lack adequate evidence),the maxim of relation(be relevant) and the maxim of manner(avoid obscurity of expression;abvoid ambiguity;be brief;be orderly).?14.(78-79)context: it is generally considered as constituted by the knowledge shared by the speaker and the hearer. (Context determines the speaker’s use of language and also the hearer’s interpretation of what is said to him.)15.(5)competence: it’s the ideal(best) user’s knowledge of the rules of his language.16.(5)performance: it’s the actual realization of this knowledge in linguistic communication.17.(117)register 语域:refers to a variety of language defined according to its use in social situations, such a register of medical English, legal English.18.(81)locutionary act 言外行为:is the act of uttering words,phrases,and clauses. It is the act of conveying literal字面meaning by means of syntax, 句法lexicon词汇and phonology.音韵学19.(69)hyponymy: 下义关系，上下义refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive宽泛word and a more specific word. The word which is more general in meaning is called the superordinate上义词,and the more specific words are called its hyponyms.下义词20.(22)phonology: 音位学it relates to the study of sound and aims to discover how speech sounds in a language form pattern and how these sounds are used to convey meaning in linguistic communication.21.(照片)speech community :the social group that is singled out for any special sociolinguistic study is called the speech community.22.(17-18)transcription:it includes the transcription with letter-symbols only and the transcription with letter-symbols together with the diacritics. The former is called broad transcripton which is normally used in dictionaries and teaching textbooks for general purposes. The latter is called narrow transcription which is needed and used by the phoneticians in their study of speech sounds.23.(33)bound morpheme黏着词素: a morpheme which can be a word by itself is called a free morpheme, whereas a morpheme that must be attached to another one isa bound morpheme.24.(24-25)minimal pair:when two different forms are identical完全一致in every way except for one sound segment一个音段which occurs in the same position in the strings,the two sound combinations are said to form a minimal pair.25.(27)stress: the syllable consists of three parts: onset起音, peak, coda收尾.？26.(38)compounding: it’s a new way to form new words,or compou nd words, and is by string words together.27.(百度)affixation词缀: it’s the process whereby new words are formed from existing words or bases.28.(23-24)allophone音位变体:the phones can represent a phoneme in different phonetic environments。
雅思口语同义词替换汇总
雅思口语同义词替换汇总雅思口语中评分标准有一项是雅思口语的词汇丰富程度，所以我们不能反反复复地使用那几个单词，可以掌握一些替代词汇，增加我们的词汇丰富程度。
下面小编给大家分享雅思口语同义词替换汇总，希望对你们有所帮助。
解析雅思口语同义词替换口语考试中，我们在多种情况下会使用到同义词转换这个技巧，下面列举几个常见情况。
Can’t remember a correct word在15分钟左右的考试中，忘记某个词如何表达再正常不过了，所以很有必要平时多加练习如何处理这样的突发情况。
有的考生会选择停下来，花上一两分钟甚至更久来思考这个词到底怎么说，到最后也没想出一个合适的词，显然得不偿失。
Stop repeating yourself考生是否有能力用不同的语言来表达同一个意思是考察词汇量的一个重要标准。
在一个答案里，关键词不要重复三遍以上。
在中文里重复一个词没有关系，甚至可以作为一种修辞手法“反复”。
但在英文里重复一个单词，会让人觉得你词汇量不大。
所以为了语言不要有过多的重复，同义词转换是不可或缺的技巧。
Paraphrase what you have heard想要冲击高分的考生如何更好地展示自己的词汇功底，在回答的时候(尤其是第三部分)，可以把考官的问题进行同义词转换，而不是一字不差地重复一遍。
另外，如果考生能够把问题中的关键词灵活准确地paraphrase掉，也是证明语言能力的一种方式。
以上是三种使用同义词转换技巧的常见情况。
接着我们一起来看一下使用这一技巧的具体做法，希望大家在雅思口语练习的时候多多注意。
用一些简单的词去解释，这里举几个简单的例子抛砖引玉。
E.X. 1banana: a long, sweet, yellow fruit that monkeys like to eatcamera: it's a little machine for taking pictures.smile：you do it with your mouth to show you are happy, you turn it up.用自己的话去解释一个单词是同义词转换的一个常用方法，建议大家在平时可以从一些简单的单词开始练习。
考研阅读高频同义替换词汇总
阅读高频同义替换词大汇总注1：下面的等号不代表词义词性的完全相同，只是一种意思上的对应。
注2：红色字体单词不常用，但是比较重要。
/财产：property = real estate = estate = asset/精确：precision = accuracy/创新：thinking ability = critical thinking = creative = innovation/认为合理：think proper = logical thinking/推理：reasoning = logical thought = thought/大众文化：popular culture = common culture/文化力：cultural power = assimilating power/阻止：prevent = hinder = refrain = deter/法官：judge = Justice/忧虑：apprehension = worry = anxiety = depression = gloomy = frustration/人：mind(有才智的人;精英) = people = individual/信心：faith = confidence = assertiveness/斥责：dismiss = rebuke = criticize/tap(开发)：tap the market = explore the market = expand the market/处理：resolve = handle = tackle = deal with = cope with = dispose = address/繁荣：prosperous = flourish = boom/合并：merger and acquisition = consolidation = concentration/转变,转换：alter = change = transform = shift = switch = modify = convert = vary/替换：replace = substitute = displace = change/首位：predominance = primary = primitive = primacy/参加：attendance = join in = take part in = participate(participant 参与者) = be present at/强调：stress = highlight = emphasize = underline/增加：increase = rise = raise = boost = skyrocket = advance = progresmprove = grows = i = enhance = soar = develop/数据：data = statistics = figure/复杂：complicated = mixed = complex = perplex = intricate = sophisticated = confused/影响：impact = affect = influence/压力：stress = pressure = press = strain/政客：politician = statesman/特点：feature = characteristic = trait/改革：reform = revolution/心情：mood = emotion = atmosphere/愤怒：rage = outrage = grievance = indignation/限制：limit = restrict = constrict = discipline = confine= hold back = scale back = curb on(遏制)/地位：status = rank/可用的：usable = available = applicable = leisure(空闲的)/偏见：bias = prejudice = discrimination = inequality/授予：grant = award/语言：verbally = language = words = lingual/交易：deal = trade = exchange = transaction/加强：promote = facilitate = enhance = strengthen = reinforce/保守：conservative(conservation 保存) = traditional = custom/顾客：customer = client = consumer = guest/暂停,延期：suspend = phase back = put off = postpone = delayed/信息：information = message = data = figure = statistics/故意：deliberately = intentionally = purposely = on/in purpose/冷漠：indifferent = neutral(中立的) = carefree/吸引：appeal = attract = fascinate = tempt/作为：serve as = function as/对手：rival = equal = comparative = competitor = opponent = adversary /谨慎：prudent = cautious = discreet = scrupulous = wary = alert/标准：standard = level = criteria/地区：regions = scope = range = sphere(势力范围)/观察：perceive = observe公平,公正：fair(fairness) = impartial = just = unbiased = disinterested/保护：protect = guard = safeguard = defend(defendant 辩护,被告) = shield/生产：yield = manufacturer = generate/脆弱：vulnerable = weak = feeble = fragile = susceptible/关于：concerning = in terms of = with respect to/主张：claim = proclaim = remark = advocate = allegation = comment/ 部分, 成分：component = portion = element = proportion = percentage = ingredient = constituent = part/意识：aware = conscious/承认：admit = acknowledge/永恒：eternal = permanent = everlasting = perpetual = invariable/谋生：earn one's living = make one's living = live off/值得尊敬：worthy = respectable(区别:respective 分别的)/尊敬：worship = esteem = admire/遵守：comply with = conform to/水流：currency = stream/获得：gain = acquire = achieve = fetch = obtain = derive/培养：nurture = foster = cultivate/学术：academic = scholastic = scholarly/奇怪：weird = odd = peculiar = strange/模糊：dim = vague = obscure = loom/薪水：salary = pay = wage = emolument/津贴：subsidy = pension = allowance/告示：announcement = notice = poster = bulletin/需要：require = need = take = want = call for = cry for = entail(需要,使必要) = demand/痛苦：misery(miserable) = suffering = pain = unpleasant = grief = grievance(还有“不满,愤怒”之意)/权力：power = authority = control = dominance = rule(统治) = influence(影响力)/迷惑的,欺骗的：misleading = confusing = deceptive = unrealistic = misrepresentative = false /不清楚的, 不确定的：unclear = uncertain = doubtful = undecided = unsure = in doubt = vague = ambiguous/经常,通常：often = more often than not(往往,多半) = every so often = frequently = usually = over and over again = time and again = repeatedly = habitually = regularly/认为：argue = maintain = allege = insist = affirm = hold = think = suppose/表明：show = prove = illustrate = demonstrate = confirm = indicate = establish = suggest = reveal = uncover = disclose = make known/ 批评：critical(criticism) = disapproving = disagreeing = disapproval = blame =censure = disparage/大众：the masses = the general public = consumers(消费者) = ordinary people = rank andfile(普通成员) = populace(百姓,平民)/ 重要的：important = significant = vital = imperative = central = chief = key = main = essential = principal = critical = crucial = weighty = indispensable(不可或缺)/招收：enroll = employ = take on = enlist = draft(征募) = engage(聘用) = conscript = sign up = enroll = hire = recruit = select(选拔)/感觉,意识到：sense = feel = understand = realize/供给：supply = stock = provide = furnish = feed = provision/愚笨的：clumsy = awkward = unskillful/怀疑的：doubtful = suspicious = questionable = suspect = uncertain = dubious = skeptical/难以置信地：incredibly = unbelievably = unlikely/保护：protect = defend = guard = shelter = shield = preserve/例外：exception = exclusion/自然地：naturally = certainly = surely = indeed注：反义是artificially(人工地)/全体人员：personnel = staff = faculty(全体教员) = crew = workers/适当地,正确地：properly = appropriately = suitably = correctly/适度的：moderate = modest = proper/扩大：widen = broaden = enlarge = extend = expand = stretch/源于：derive from = originate from = stem from = come from/多样性：diversity = variety = multiplicity = difference/狭窄的,缩小：narrow = limited = restricted = tighten = narrow down/交流：communicate = convey = transmit = inform/ 完全地, 彻底地：completely = entirely = utterly = fully = altogether = thoroughly = absolutely = perfectly = totally/方面,外观：aspect = appearance = look = view/性格,品质：character = quality = personality = nature/无意识的：unconscious = unaware = absent-minded = unintentional/分析,研究：analyze = evaluate = study/贡献：contribute = donate = provide = give/描述：describe = portray = represent = picture/职业,行业：profession = occupation = career = trade/任务：mission = assignment = duty = task/业绩，执行：performance = act = achievement = accomplishment/尤其,特别：especially = particularly = primarily = chiefly/显著地,非凡地：remarkably = extraordinarily = unusually = surprisingly/ 巨大的：enormous = huge = vast = massive = giant = mammoth = gigantic = colossal = gargantuan = titanic = immense/考虑：contemplate = meditate = ponder = speculate/一致的：consensus = consistent = unanimous = coherent/商品：commodity = merchandise = purchase(购置物)/小册子：brochure = booklet = pamphlet/充足的：ample = affluent = plentiful = sufficient = superfluous = abundant = adequate/假冒,模仿：simulate = imitate = disguise = mock = forge = hypocrisy = pattern/小屋：hut = shed = cottage/渗透：permeate = penetrate = saturate/租：lease = rent = tenant = hire/暂时的,临时的：temporary = transient = interim = tentative = briefly/气味：scent = odor = fragrant = perfume/腐败,侵蚀：corrode = rot = decay = corrupt = stale = degenerate/退：repel = recede = retreat = retire/鄙视：contempt = despise = scorn = disdain = look down upon /波动：swing = sway = vibrate = fluctuate/微不不不不: negligible不 trivial不 insignificant/不不不不不不: fragile不 brittle不 crisp不 delicate/不不不: prominent不 eminent不 renowned/不不不不不: reclaim不 refund不 retrieve不 withdraw/不不: affiliate不 appendix不 auxiliary/不不不: energetic不 robust不 Vigorous不 brisk不 dynamic/不不: satire不 sarcastic/不不: reputation不 celebrity不fame不 prestige/不不不: underlying不 implicit不 latent不loom不 potential/不不: vocation不 occupation不 pursuit/不不: remedy不 therapy不 medication/不不: commence不 outset不 threshold/管理: supervise=administrate=manage= regulate/不不不: tedious不 monotonous/不不不: swift不 prompt不 Instant/不:heap不 stack不pile/不不: nourish不 nurture不rear不 foster/不不: likelihood不 possibility不 potentiality/不不不: authentic不 engine不real/不不不: inherent不 Intrinsic不 Innate不 inborn/不不不: primitive不 primeval不 Incipient/不不不: remainder不 surplus不 redundant不 remnant不 excess/不不不不不: inherit不 heritage不 legacy不 successor/不不不: conventional-不 traditional不 orthodox不 used to do/不不: impair不 damage不ruin不harm/不不不: conspicuous不 obvious不 evident/不不: refute不 retort不 contradict/不不: solemn不 sacred不 males/不不不不不: renovate不 revive不 refresh不 rejuvenate不 regain不 restore。
language的同义词
language的同义词language表陆地; 国家; 地产的意思，那么你知道language的同义词有哪些吗?接下来小编为大家整理了language的同义词，希望对你有帮助哦!language的同义词辨析：word, vocabulary, language, term, lexicon这些名词均有"文字，词，语言"之意。
word ：普通用词，指语言的最小单位的单词、字，也可指话、整句话或一段话。
vocabulary ：集合名词，指词汇、语汇或词汇量。
language ：普通用词，指国家、民族或种族内部使用，已经系统化的语言。
term ：指有特定意义的词，词语或术语。
lexicon ：指某种语言、某人或某一知识领域的全部词汇。
词组习语：speak the same language1. 有共同语言be as good as one's word1. 信守诺言have a word1. 简短地和某人说话我只想和他说一两句话。
I'll just &B{have a word with} him.have a word in someone's ear1. 和某人咬耳朵;和某人私下谈;私下警告某人in other words1. 换句话说，也就是说keep one's word1. 守信，遵守诺言a man/woman of his/her word1. 守信的人，遵守诺言的人(on/upon) my word1. 我敢保证;说实在话(表示惊讶或强调)说真的，你到这儿真快!。
my word, you were here quickly!.put something into words1. 用言语表达他感到些许无法用言语表达的失望之情。
he felt a vague disappointment which he couldn't put into words.put words into someone's mouth1. 硬说某人说过某些话take someone at their word1. 相信某人说的话是真的take the words out of someone's mouth1. 先说出某人想讲的话take someone's word (for it)1. 轻信某人的话too —— for words1. (非正式)很，极绕着路走上一圈真是乏味。
语言学-同义词与反义词
❖
-- Relative Synonym
A
3
(1)Gradable antonym 等级反义词
❖ Features of them :
❖ First, GRADABLE. That is, the members of a pair differ in terms of degree. 每对的成员在程度
above – below
C. Social opposites : husband – wife
teacher-student
finance -fiancée
A
11
反义词的应用
❖ 把反义词放在一起用，使两个词相得益彰，可产生对比强烈 ，形象鲜明的效果。英语的成语当中，有一类成对词就是用 反义词组成的:
❖ "Hope for the best and prepare for the worst"(从最好处希望
，从最坏处准备)，等等。
Aห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
12
❖ living death(虽生犹死), ❖ ‘visible darkness(若明若暗), ❖ a victorious defeat(胜利的失败), ❖ a clever fool(聪明的傻瓜)、 ❖ audible stillness(听得见的寂静), ❖ sweet pangs(甜蜜的痛苦)、 ❖ painful pleasure(悲喜交集)、 ❖ an open secret(公开的秘密）
2) 语体色彩不同 口语 tell----inform书面语 Answer---reply Go down---decline
A
19
3. 从用法方面辨析
1）搭配不同 a flock of sheep---a herd of cows---a school of whales
term的同义词
term的同义词term表学期; 条款; 术语的意思，那么你知道term的同义词有哪些吗?接下来小编为大家整理了term的同义词，希望对你有帮助哦!term的同义词辨析1：term, semester这两个名词均有"学期"之意。
term和semester作"学期"解时，其主要差别在于使用地区的不同。
term多用于英国，semester主要在美国、德国使用。
term的同义词辨析2：word, vocabulary, language, term, lexicon这些名词均有"文字，词，语言"之意。
word ：普通用词，指语言的最小单位的单词、字，也可指话、整句话或一段话。
vocabulary ：集合名词，指词汇、语汇或词汇量。
language ：普通用词，指国家、民族或种族内部使用，已经系统化的语言。
term ：指有特定意义的词，词语或术语。
lexicon ：指某种语言、某人或某一知识领域的全部词汇。
词组习语：come to terms with1. 向…屈服;对…让步;与…妥协;与…和解;和…达成协议她对生活中的不幸已经逆来顺受了。
she had come to terms with the tragedies in her life.in terms of (或 in —— terms)1. 根据，按照; 在…方面，从…方面(说来)从成本方面很难说更换打印机是合算的。
replacing the printers is difficult to justify in terms of cost.实际上销售额降低了近7个百分点。
sales are down by nearly 7 per cent in &B{real terms}.the long/short/medium term1. 长/短/中期on terms1. 友好，关系良好;在平等地位上on —— terms1. 处于…关系(或状态)我们都相处友好。
speak的同义词是什么
speak的同义词是什么speak表讲，谈; 演说的意思，那么你知道speak的同义词有哪些吗?接下来小编为大家整理了speak的同义词，希望对你有帮助哦!speak的同义词辨析：say, speak, state, talk, tell, utter这些动词均有"说，讲"之意。
say ：最普通常用词，指用语言表达思想，着重所说的内容。
speak ：侧重于说话动作的本身，着重说话的能力而不在内容，可以是长篇大论的演讲，也可以是三言两语的交谈，甚至指简单的开口发声说话。
state ：较正式用词，通常指用明确的语言或文字着重地叙述事实，既强调内容又注重语气。
talk ：普通用词，侧重指与人交谈时的连续说话，可指单方面较长谈话，和speak一样，着重说活动作而不侧重内容。
tell ：普通用词，指把某事告诉或讲述给某人听，口语或书面语均可用。
utter ：着重说话的行为，常指声音的使用，突出用噪子发声。
词组习语：not to speak of1. 更不要说房租要交，更不要说还要交学费。
the rent had to be paid, not to speak of school fees.nothing (或 no——, none) to speak of1. [表明只有非常少的一点]不值一提我没有资金，真的，少得不值一提。
I've no capital—well, none to speak of.something speaks for itself1. 无需进一步说明，不言而喻这些数字就足够说明了。
the figures speak for themselves.speak for oneself1. 发表个人意见speak in tongues1. (在宗教拜神仪式中)讲不为人知的语言speaking of1. [引入最近谈到过的一个话题]谈起;提到谈到费用问题，我买得起它吗?。
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language同义词
language表陆地，国家，地产的意思，接下来小编为大家整理了language的同义词，希望对你有帮助哦!
language的同义词辨析：
word, vocabulary,language, term, lexicon
这些名词均有"文字，词，语言"之意。
word ：普通用词，指语言的最小单位的单词、字，也可指话、整句话或一段话。
vocabulary ：集合名词，指词汇、语汇或词汇量。
language：普通用词，指国家、民族或种族内部使用，已经系统化的语言。
term ：指有特定意义的词，词语或术语。
lexicon ：指某种语言、某人或某一知识领域的全部词汇。
词组习语：
speak the samelanguage
有共同语言
be as good as one's word
信守诺言
have a word
简短地和某人说话
我只想和他说一两句话。
I'll just &B{have a word with} him.
have a word in someone's ear
和某人咬耳朵;和某人私下谈;私下警告某人
in other words
换句话说，也就是说
keep one's word
守信，遵守诺言
a man/woman of his/her word
守信的人，遵守诺言的人
(on/upon) my word
我敢保证;说实在话(表示惊讶或强调)
说真的，你到这儿真快!。
my word, you were here quickly!.
put something into words
用言语表达
他感到些许无法用言语表达的失望之情。
he felt a vague disappointment which he couldn't put into words.
put words into someone's mouth
硬说某人说过某些话
take someone at their word
相信某人说的话是真的
take the words out of someone's mouth
先说出某人想讲的话
take someone's word (for it)
轻信某人的话
too —— for words
(非正式)很，极
绕着路走上一圈真是乏味。
going around by the road was too tedious for words.
waste words
白费口舌
2. 啰啰嗦嗦地说
language的例句：
The Ukrainians speak a Slavoniclanguagesimilar to Russian.
乌克兰人所说的那种斯拉夫语系的语言类似于俄语。
2. Thelanguageof Darwin was intelligible to experts and non-experts alike.
达尔文的语言无论对专家还是非专业人士而言
都明白易懂。
3. His misunderstanding oflanguagewas the primary cause of his other problems.
他对语言的误解是引起其他问题的主要原因。
4. We were forbidden, under pain of imprisonment, to use our nativelanguage.
我们被禁止使用母语，违者将被关进监狱。
5. All cheques should be made out to "EF InternationalLanguageSchools"
所有支票的收款人都应是“英孚国际语言学校”。
6. Sonia might not speak the Englishlanguagewell, but then who did?
索尼娅的英语也许说得不好，但谁又说得好呢?
7. It condemned in extremely stronglanguagewhat it called Britain's iniquitous campaign.
它言辞激烈地谴责了这场它所谓的英国极不公正的竞选活动。
8. What I've tried very subtly to do is to reclaimlanguage.
我费尽心机在做的就是改造、拯救语言。
9. Her son used signlanguageto tell her what happened.
她儿子用手语告诉她发生了什么事。
10.He is the finest stylist in the Englishlanguageof today.
他是当今英语世界中文采最好的。
11.The crew are of different nation-alities and have no commonlanguage.
船员来自不同国家，语言不通。
nguageis something which fundamentally distinguishes humans from animals.
语言是将人类与动物区分开来的基本特征。
13.There'sno need for that kind oflanguagein this magazine.
这份杂志没必要出现那种语言。
14.I realized I had to surmount thelanguagebarrier.
我意识到我不得不克服语言障碍。
15.Television companies tend to censor badlanguagein feature films.
电视公司往往会在审查故事片时删去其中的粗话。