U4 Grammar 非谓语动词-ing 定状
英语语法---非谓语动词-动词-ing形式
英语非谓语动词用法详解-动词ing形式ing形式：动词的-ing形式也是一种非谓语动词。
-ing形式仍保留有动词的特征，可以带有其所需要的宾语或状语而构成-ing短语。
1、-ing的形式：-ing有一般式和完成式。
及物动词的-ing还有主动语态和被动语态，而不及物动词的-ing则没有被动语态。
现在以及物动词（1）作主语：Seeing is believing.百闻不如一见。
Talking is easier than doing. –ing作主语时，如果其结构较长，可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的-ing后置。
如：It isn’t much good writing to them again. It’s no use waiting here.（2）作表语：Her job is washing and cooking. My hobby is collecting stamps.（3）作宾语：①作及物动词的宾语。
She likes drawing very much.；②作某些短语动词的宾语。
Mary is thinking of going back to New York.；③ do+限定词（my, some, any, the等）+ -ing，表示“做…事”之意，如：We often do our cleaning on Saturday afternoon. Will you do any shopping on Saturday this afternoon? ④作介词的宾语：Her sister is good at learning physics.；⑤作形容词worth, busy等的宾语：This book is well worth reading. –ing作宾语带有宾语补足语时，要用it作为形式宾语，而将作宾语的-ing后置，如：We found it no good talking like that. Do you think it necessary trying again?（4）作定语：The sleeping child is only five years old. Do you know the man standing at the gate? 注：-ing形式作定语用时，如果-ing 只是一个单词，就位于其修饰的名词之前，如果是-ing短语，就位于其修饰的名词之后，-ing作定语时，被 -ing所修饰的名词就是该-ing的逻辑主语。
Grammar-非谓语动词
非谓语动词 2. 动宾结构中的宾补
(作宾补)
(1) (主动) see sb. do (被动) be seen to do see/ notice/ watch/ observe/ look at /let/ have/ make/ listen to/ hear/ feel/ help (2) (主) ask sb. to do (被) be asked to do (3) (主) see sb. doing (被) be seen doing see/ notice/ watch/ observe/ look at /have/ listen to/ hear/ feel/ find/ keep/ get/ catch/ leave/ start/ send/ set/ smell (4) (主) see sth. done (被) be seen done see/ notice/ watch/ observe/ look at /have/ make/ listen to/ hear/ feel/ find/ keep/ get/ leave/ want
1. 系动词后是情感类的动词，如果修饰人用done形 式；修饰事/物用doing形式。
小 结 2. 系动词后是非情感类的动词，可用主表颠倒法检 验句子正确性。
固定搭配的系表结构：get + done (caught/ paid/ charged/ changed/ burnt/ lost/ separated/ killed )
避免做某事
期待做某事 想做某事
非谓语动词
(作宾语)
(1) avoid doing sth. (keep; enjoy; imagine; appreciate; mention; admit; risk; excuse; forgive; finish; mind; miss; practise; consider; stand; bear; suggest; escape; delay; recommend; prevent; deny; resist; understand; forbid; advise; allow; permit; dislike; fancy)
Unit4__grammar V-ing 做定语和状语
adverbial
状语修饰动词、形容词、 副词或整个句子，说明动 作或状态的特征状语表示 地点、时间、原因、目的、 结果、条件、让步、伴随 情况等。
现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语时, 分词的逻辑主语必须是 句子的主语, 分词必须和句中的主语含有逻辑 上的主谓关系, 否则不能用现在分词作状语。 但要注意它的各种形式变化: 主动形式 一般式 V-ing 被动形式 being V-ed
作原因状语
C 1. ____ a reply, he decided to write again.
A.Not receiving B. Receiving not
A
C. Not having received D. Having not receive difficulty getting in touch with Bill. A.Not knowing C. Not having known B. knowing not
C. to have worked D. having worked
because, 2、作原因状语 as, • 1 Being ill, he didn’t go to school. since • (=Because/As he was ill, he didn’t go to school.) 表示原因的动词-ing 形式一般放于句首， • 2 Being a student, you should study hard. 相当于一个原因状语从句。其否定式直 • (=Since you are a student, you should study 接在句首加 not. hard.) • 3 Not thinking he might be at home, I called him. • (=As I didn’t think he might be at home, I called him.)
Grammar-动词的ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语
Grammar 动词的—ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语一、作定语:动词的-ing形式作定语时起下列作用:1.说明被修饰名词的功能或用途,这时，一般是单个v。
—ing 而不是短语，放在被修饰的名词前面。
可以转换成“for + v。
-ing”短语修饰该名词。
这时的v.—ing是动名词。
e.g。
a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping 睡袋a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室a drinking cup = a cup for drinking饮用杯a writing desk = a desk for writing写字台a washing machine 洗衣机a swimming pool 游泳池a dancing hall 舞厅2.说明名词的动作、特征、或性质。
这时的v.-ing 是现在分词，它与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系。
①单个的现在分词作定语时放在被修饰名词的前面，常可转换成定语从句.e.g。
a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleepinga drinking horse = a horse which is drinkinga moving story = a story which moves peoplea terrifying sound = a sound which terrifies peoplean inspiring leader = a leader who inspires people②现在分词短语作定语时要后置，即放在被修饰名词的后面。
常可转换成定语从句。
e.g. The girl swimming in the river (who is swimming in the river) is good at dancing。
Do you know the man standing / （who is standing ）at the door？The boy studying / (who is studying) in the classroom is our monitor。
20-21版：Grammar——动词-ing形式作主语和宾语（创新设计）
Yesterday being Sunday postponed the match. 昨天是星期天，比赛推迟了。(作主语) She is fond of coffee being served after dinner. 她喜欢饭后喝点咖啡。(作宾语)
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@《创新设计》
本节内容结束
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@《创新设计》
5．有些动词，后接动词-ing形式作宾语，与用动词不定式作宾语，意义大相径庭。
try to do sth尽力做某事
try doing sth
试着做某事
mean to do sth打算/意欲做某事
mean doing sth
意味着某事
forget to do sth忘记去做某事
forget doing sth
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2．置于句末，用it作形式主语，多见于下面几个句型： It is worth doing...做……是值得的 It＋be＋a waste of time doing...做……是浪费时间的 It is/was no good/use doing...做……是没有好处/用处的 It is a waste of time talking about such useless things. 谈论这些没用的事情是在浪费时间。 It is no use crying over spilt milk. 覆水难收。
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@《创新设计》
③代词宾格＋动词-ing Can you imagine him/Jack cooking at home? 你能想象他/杰克在家做饭的样子吗？ ④名词＋动词-ing The baby was made awake by the door suddenly shutting. 这个婴儿被突然的关门声吵醒了。 [名师点津] (1)动词-ing形式的复合结构可在句中作主语或宾语。作主语时，不能用③④两种形式。 (2)无生命名词无论是作主语还是作宾语都不能用第②种形式。
Grammar动词的ing形式作定语表语和宾语补足语
Grammar 动词的-ing形式作定语、表语和宾语补足语一、作定语：动词的-ing形式作定语时起下列作用：1.说明被修饰名词的功能或用途，这时，一般是单个v.-ing 而不是短语，放在被修饰的名词前面。
可以转换成“for + v.-ing”短语修饰该名词。
这时的v.-ing是动名词。
e.g. a sleeping bag = a bag for sleeping 睡袋a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室a drinking cup = a cup for drinking饮用杯a writing desk = a desk for writing写字台a washing machine 洗衣机a swimming pool 游泳池a dancing hall 舞厅2.说明名词的动作、特征、或性质。
这时的v.-ing 是现在分词，它与被修饰的名词是逻辑上的主动关系。
①单个的现在分词作定语时放在被修饰名词的前面，常可转换成定语从句。
e.g. a sleeping boy = a boy who is sleepinga drinking horse = a horse which is drinkinga moving story = a story which moves peoplea terrifying sound = a sound which terrifies peoplean inspiring leader = a leader who inspires people②现在分词短语作定语时要后置，即放在被修饰名词的后面。
常可转换成定语从句。
e.g. The girl swimming in the river (who is swimming in the river) is good at dancing.Do you know the man standing / (who is standing ) at the door?The boy studying / (who is studying) in the classroom is our monitor.＊作定语用的v.-ing 是动名词还是现在分词并不重要。
Book 2 Module 4 Grammar-动词-ing形式作主语、表语、定语 、宾语补足语和状语
GRAMMAR动词-ing形式作主语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语前面我们总结了动词-ing形式作宾语的用法，现在我们归纳一下动词-ing形式在句中作主语、表语、定语、宾语补足语和状语的用法。
【即学即练】用括号内单词的正确形式填空。
1. Don’t leave the water ________ (run) while you brush your teeth.2. The question ________ (discuss) last night is very important.3. Do you know the woman ________ (talk) to Tom?4. Gordon worked late into the night, ________ (prepare) a long speech for the manager.5. The fire lasted five hours, ________ (cause) many deaths.6. Jacob went to live in Italy ________ (learn) Italian.7. It’s no use ________ (ask) me what I don’t know.8. He was seen ________ (go) upstairs.9. Have you given up ________ (drink) whiskey before breakfast?10. ________ (swim) is good for health.11. I couldn’t imagine ________ (live) in a place like that.12. I didn’t mean ________ (hurt) you.13. I ended up ________ (spend) the night at the airport because of the heavy rain.14. David looked around and caught a man ________ (put) his hand into the pocket of apassenger.15. The real problem is ________ (get) to know the needs of the customers.16. It is no good ________ (complain); the company won’t do anything about it.17. Do you think my ________ (go) there will be of any help?18. The ________ (sleep) child lying in the bed is my nephew.参考答案1. running2. discussed3. talking4. preparing5. causing6. to learn7. asking8. going / go9. drinking 10. Swimming 11. living 12. to hurt 13. spending 14. putting 15. getting / to get 16. complaining 17. going 18. sleeping。
人教版高中英语必修四unitGrammar-PPT
interesting.
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2. 动词-ing形式作主语时常后置, 用it作形式主
语，用形容词或名词作表语。常见的作表语 的名词或短语有：no use, no good, fun, hard work, a hard / difficult job, a wonder, a waste of time等。如： • Is it worthwhile quarrelling with her? • It’s no good waiting here. • Let’s go home. It was a waste of time reading that book.
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6. It is important to explain this again or we will confuse the students.
Explaining this again is important or we will confuse the students.
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Which verbs are followed by –ing? Which by the infinitive? First write doing or to do over the correct group. Then write the verbs in the box in the correct columns and finally practise making at least four sentences with them.
enjoy finish mind miss keep
高一英语必修四Unit4 Grammar ： Ving 作状语
高一英语必修四Unit4 Grammar ：Ving 作状语V-ing 形式在句中作定语和状语是本单元的学习重点。
1. 作定语V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。
1) -ing形式表示“供作......之用”的意思(1) A swimming pool= a pool for swimming(2) In the following years he worked even harder. 在后来的几年中，他学习更努力了。
(3) The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。
2) -ing形式表示“......的”意思, -ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。
（1) A sleeping child=a child who is sleeping（2）working people=people who are working（3）the rising sun= the sun which is rising(4) They are visitors coming from several countries.=They are visitors who come from several countries(5) The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.=The boy who is standing there is a classmate of mine.2. 作状语现在分词在语法功能上相当于动词、形容词和副词。
现在分词通常和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。
但要注意它地各种形式变化：现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主动关系。
现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原因、时间、方式、结果、条件、伴随状况等。
人教必修四U4 Grammar(1)
巩固练习
Ⅰ.单句语法填空 1．Tony lent me the money，_h_o_p_i_n_g__ (hope) that I would do as much for him. 2．_S_t_a_n_d_in_g_(stand) in a long queue，we waited for the store to open to buy a new iPad. 3．He got up late and hurried to his office，__l_e_a_v_in_g_ (leave) the breakfast untouched. 4．G__a_th_e_r_in_g_ (gather) around the fire，the tourists danced with the local people.
高中英语必修四
Unit 4 Body language
Grammar（1）
新知讲解
动词ing形式作状语
情景导入
动词ing
阅读下列句子，体会蓝体部分的用法
1．...I saw several young people enter the waiting area looking around curiously. 2．I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them. 3．She stepped back appearing surprised...
新知讲解
非谓语
动词ing形式作状语
2．作原因状语，相当于原因状语从句 Being too young，he couldn't join the army. ＝Because he was too young，he couldn't join the army. 因为年轻，他不能参军。
高中英语必修四unit4语法：V-ing作定语和状语(公开课)
1) When they heard the strange noise，they felt scared. Hearing the strange noise, they felt scared.
generally/strictly/exactly speaking 大体/严格/准确说来 judging from/by...根据……判断 talking of...谈到…… considering...考虑，鉴于…… supposing (that)．..假设，假定 regarding...关于……
4) 表结果状语 Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother.
=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother. 5) 表条件状语
Using your head, you will find a way.
②They lived in a room facing the street.
= They lived in a room that/which faces the street.
3. V-ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语, 相当于 非限制性定语从句, 这时它与句子其他部分用 逗号分开。
如: His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
4) They laughed and talked happily as they went into the classroom. Laughing and talking happily, they went into the classroom.
【原创】导学案：必修四 Unit4 (Grammar-- doing 做定语和状语)
4月17日导学案Unit 4 Body LanguagePeriod 5 Grammar-- doing 做定语和状语一: V-ing 形式由“do＋ing” 构成, 其否定形式是“not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing 短语, 没有人称和数的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。
1. 作定语V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰语, 这时有两种情况。
1)-ing形式表示“供作......之用”的意思, 这类作定语的-ing形式过去叫动名词。
A swimming pool = a pool for swimming2) -ing形式表示“......的”意思, 过去叫现在分词A sleeping child ; working people ; the rising sun-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。
如:They are visitors coming from several countries.The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.2. 作状语可以表示时间, 原因, 结果,条件, 行为方式或伴随动作等。
Using your head, you’ll find a good way.1) Four people entered the room looking around in a curious way.= Four people enter the room and looked around in a curious way. ( 伴随动作)2) Being poor, he couldn’t afford a TV set.3) Working hard, you’ll surely succeed.4) The boy sat in front of the farm-house, cutting the branch.5) He came running back to tell me the news.注意:-ing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语是一致的。
Unit 4 语法Grammar 动词ing形式做宾语表语-2024-2025学年高二英语单元语法、
Unit 4 Body Language参考答案：1．being【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：最让我害怕的是，我很可能最终没有结婚。
此处为短语end up doing sth.表示“最终……”。
故填being。
2．putting【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：我记得今天早上我把书放在桌子上了。
但是我到处都找不到。
remember doing表示“记得做过某事”，根据“But I can’t find it anywhere.”可知，记得放过，但是找不到。
故填putting。
3．solving【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：他善于解决日常生活中的各种问题。
介词at后用动名词作宾语。
故填solving。
4．going【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：她的突然到来使他无法外出。
短语prevent sb. doing sth.，表示“阻止某人做某事”，故填going。
5．changing【详解】考查动名词。
句意：为了挣更多的钱，我妹妹目前正在考虑换工作，consider doing sth.“考虑做某事”，用动名词作宾语，故填changing。
6．speaking【详解】考查动名词。
句意：你最好每天留出一些时间来练习说英语。
根据practice doing sth"练习做某事”，故填speaking。
7．being given【详解】考查动名词。
句意：我真的很感激明年能被给予这么好的机会出国留学。
appreciate doing sth.“感激做某事”，give与逻辑主语I是被动关系，用动名词的被动式，故填being given。
8．turning【详解】考查动名词。
句意：你介意把收音机关小一点吗分析句式结构可知，mind后面跟动名词作宾语。
故填turning。
9．educating【详解】考查非谓语动词。
句意：他一度被认为是一个不值得教育的男孩。
短语be worth doing sth.表示“值得做某事”，故填educating。
(教学指导)Unit4SectionⅢGrammar动词-ing形式作定语和状语Word版含解析
动词–ing形式作定语和状语语境自主领悟先观察原句后自主感悟①Yesterday，another student and I，representingour university's student association，went to theCapital International Airport to meet this year'sinternational students.②I stood for a minute watching them and then went to greet them.③Then Akira Nagata from Japan came in smiling，together with George Cook from Canada.④Just at that moment，however，Akira bowed so his nose touched George's moving hand.⑤In the same way that people communicate with spoken language，they also express their feelings using unspoken “language” through physical distance，actions or posture. 1.黑体部分在句中作伴随状语的是①②③⑤。
2.观察①②③⑤句可知现在分词的逻辑主语都是句子的主语。
3.句④现在分词作定语。
主语、定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语动词–ing形式的基本形式如下：主动语态被动语态一般式doing being done完成式having done having been done学生们走在街上，又说又笑。
Having worked for two days，Steve managed to finish his report on schedule.已经忙活了两天，史蒂夫设法按时完成了他的报告。
M4U3 Grammar 非谓语v-ing表格
状语
表原因结果时间条件伴随方式
表状态或正进行的动作,前/后置 Eg. I saw a swimming boy(=a boy who is swimming). The boy swimming there (=who is swimming there) is my brother. 表主语的性质、特征 The book is interesting/moving.
V-ing 作何成分
动名词
V-ing作成分表
现在分词
主语 宾语 定语
表经常性、习惯性动作 Swimming is my hobby. 表经常性、习惯性动作 I like swimming.
表用途,前置 Eg. There’s a swimming pool (=a pool for swimming). 拐杖 阅览室 舞厅? 表经常性、习惯性动作（主 表可换位） My hobby is swimming.
表正在进行的动作（进行时）
表语பைடு நூலகம்
He is swimming.（主+谓）
补语
表逻辑主语的状态或正进行的动作
结构：感/使/with+宾+宾补 I saw him swimming. Father left him swimming there. With son swimming there, I can’t leave.
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(not) 完成式 (not) having done having been done
V-ing 形式在句中作定语和状语是本单
元的学习重点。 1. 作定语 V-ing 形式可以单独充当名词的前置修饰 语, 这时有两种情况。 1) -ing形式表示 “供作......之用”的意思, 这 类作定语的-ing形式过去叫动名词。
Grammar quiz 语法小测
1. When _____ C different cultures, we often pay attention only to the differences without noticing many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared
-ing形式短语作定语时一般放在它所 修饰的名词之后, 相当于一个定语从句。 如: They are visitors coming from several countries. The boy standing there is a classmate of mine.
2. 作状语
可以表示时间, 原因, 结果,条件, 行为
They are visitors coming from several countries. = They are visitors who come from several countries. This is an exciting experience. = This is an experience which is exciting.
given give ), the bus started. 3. The signal ________( permitting ( permit ), we’ll visit the 4. Weather ___________ Great Wall. teaching 5. A teacher from England _________( teach ) us English, we’re sure to learn it well. giving give ) us a lead, our team is 6. With him _______( to win. leading ( lead ), the Young 7. With the worker ________ Pioneers went through the forest and started towards the mountain village. finished 8.he went home with his work ___________(finish).
Grammar
Grammar
V-ing 形式
一: V-ing 形式由 “do＋ing” 构成, 其否
定形式是 “not doing”, V-ing 可以带宾
语或状语构成 V-ing 短语, 没有人称和数
的变化, 但有时态和语态的变化。
语态 主动语态 时态 一般式 (not) doing
被动语态 (not) being done
格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)
独立主格结构: 分词的逻辑主语不是句子主语，而是有自 己的逻辑主语时，叫独立主格结构。） A)1. Today being ____( be ) Sunday, the library doesn’t open. is =Because today ___(be) Sunday,… being be ) no buses, we had to walk 2. There _____( home.
Grammar work 语法专练
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Not knowing ________(know) his address, I couldn’t go to see him yesterday. 2. Look out for cars when crossing _______(cross) the street. 3. Not having _________________ been invited (invite) to the party, Mary was greatly hurt.
5. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _______ away. B A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
单句改错 1. Having not seen the film, I can’t tell you what I think of it. Not having 2. The men worked for extra hours got an extra pay. working 3. Seen from the top of the hill, we find the city more beautiful. Seeing 4. Generally speak, facial expressions are helpful communications, too. speaking
Attention Please
-ing形式作状语时, 它的逻辑主语必须与主 句的主语是一致的。
Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. (分词的逻辑主语是time , 而句子的主语是 I , 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主
( 伴随动作)
2) Being poor, he couldn’t afford ng hard, you’ll surely succeed.
条件
4) The boy sat in front of the farmhouse, cutting the branch. 伴随 5) He came running back to tell me the news. 方式
4. He dived into the water, ______ leaving(leave) only his face exposed. 5. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door, _______ reading (read) “Sorry to miss you; I will call later.” 6. Taking _______ (take) a deep breath, they dived into the water. 7. Having ____________ closed (close) the windows and the door, the students left the room.
His nose touches Mr. Cook’s moving hand. the Japanese the Canadian
You see her step back appearing surprised.
the Columbian
the British lady
You see her step back appearing surprised. = You see her step back and she appears surprised.
3. The boy standing there is reading a book about body language. The boy ____ who __ is ________ standing there is reading a book about body language.
2. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same A thing. A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said
4. Because he comes from Jordan, he moves close to ask you a question. _______ _____ from Jordan, he moves close Coming to ask you a question.
5. She sat at the desk and did her homework. She sat at the desk ______ doing ____ her __________. homework
Rewrite the following sentences. 1. When he approached Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. ______ When ___________ approaching Ms Smith, he touched her shoulder and kissed her. 2. The person who is translating the songs can speak seven languages. The person _________ ___ songs translating the______can speak seven languages.
A swimming pool = a pool for swimming
A sleeping car = a car for sleeping
2) -ing形式表示 “......的” 意思, 过去 叫现在分词 A sleeping child working people the rising sun
3. There are hundreds of visitors _____ C in front of the Art Gallery to have a look at Van Gogh’s paintings. A. waited B. to wait