2.考研英语二作文2012年讲义

2.考研英语二作文2012年讲义
考研英语二写作讲义
2012年考研英语（二)考试大纲中作文部分的描述如下：
该部分由A、B两节组成，主要考查考生的书面表达能力。

共25分。

A节：题型有两种，每次考试选择其中的一种形式。

备选题包括：
1）考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词（标点符号不计算在内）的应用性短文，包括
私人和公务信函、备忘录、报告等。

2）考生根据所提供的汉语文章，用英语写出一篇80~100词的该文摘要。

考生在答题卡2上作答，共10分。

B节：
要求考生根据所规定的情景或给出的提纲，写出一篇150词以上的英语说明文或议论文。

提示情景的形式为图画、图表或文字等。

考生在答题卡2上作答。

共20分。

英语二2010年起才有小作文，总共考过2次，都是书信，均为两种类型的混合信：2010年是感谢+邀请，2011年是祝贺+建议。

2012年复习重点依然是书信，注意类型的混合搭配。

◆书信类：
基本模式
书信分为三个部分来写：称呼、正文和签名。

书信格式如下：
常用万能句：I am Zhang Wei, I am writing to you for the purpose of +V-ing.
表达求职：I am Li Ming, who graduates from Shandong University. I am writing you for the purpose of obtaining the position of ____（具体职位题目会给出）
表达辞职；My name is _______(具体名字题目会给出). I am writing to you for the purpose of quitting my present job.
万能建议段:It must be pointed out that the situation of ____________ is going from bad to worse. Therefore, as far as I am concerned, first of all, Governments departments are required to take effective measures to solve this serious problem. Secondly, different classes in the society need to cooperate closely to pay attention to this problem. At last, as individuals, we should care about it and set up examples for others.
万能祝贺段：As a matter of fact, I know that you have devoted a great deal of precious time as well as energy to it. During the past valuable time and experience, you have obtained not only rich work experience but also wide-spreading interpersonal relationship. Therefore, the past experience has laid solid foundation for the present success. I wish you to accept my heartfelt(发自内心的) congratulations. In fact, I have also learned a lot from your achievement this time. You have set up a brilliant example for us to make success and realize our dreams in the near future.
万能求职段：As a matter of fact, I am quite sure that I am extremely qualified for this position. To begin with, my major learned in the college matches with this position very much. In the second place, I have got three years’rich experience concerning this position. Thirdly, my character is not only careful but also patient. In addition, I am very open-minded person.
Therefore, I consider I am the right person for this position.
例1：Thank you for reading my letter at your busy time! I firmly believe that with your considerate concern this problem will be smoothly solved.
例2：At last, I am sincerely thankful for your reading my application letter at your busy time.
I am looking for the precious chance to be interviewed in recent time.
例3：Thank you for reading my letter very much! In fact I am grateful for your concern during my past working time. I sincerely expect your positive answer soon.
例4：I thank you again for your unselfish help to me! I wish our friendship as well as cooperation will last for ever.
例5：Sincere apology to you again! I am looking forward to your forgiving.
例6：Congratulate to you again with my faithful
blessings! I am quite sure that you will make much greater accomplishment with your effort and devotion!
例7：I believe your company will consider consumers’interest according to your working style. I am looking forward to your answer.
真题及分析
2010年英语二小作文真题
47. Directions:
You have just come back from the U.S. as a member of a Sino-American cultural exchange program. Write a letter to your American colleague to
1) Express your thanks for his/her warm reception;
2) Welcome him/her to visit China in due course.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use “Zhang Wei”instead.
Do not write your address. (10 points)
参考范文
Dear friend,
I am writing this letter to convey my heartfelt thanks to you for your kindness to receive me when I participated in an exchange program in USA.
Your generous help made it possible that I had a very pleasant stay and a chance to know American cultures better. Besides, I think it is an honor for me to make friends with you. I do hope that you will visit China one day, so that I could have the opportunity to repay your kindness and refresh our friendship.
I feel obliged to thank you again. Sincerely yours,
Zhang Wei
2011年英语二小作文真题
47. Directions:
Suppose your cousin LI MING has just been admitted to a university. Write him/her a letter to:
(1)Congratulate him/her, and
(2)Give him/her suggestions on how to get prepared for university life.
You should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET 2.
DO not sign your own name at the end of the letter, Use "Zhang Wei" instead.
参考范文：
Dear Li Ming,
I am writing to congratulate you on your being successfully admitted to Harvard University, which enjoys an international reputation for its academic excellence and give you some suggestions as to how to make preparation for the coming college life.
In order for you to adapt yourself to the university life, you are advised to get prepared physically and intellectually. First and foremost, you need to build a strong body for the future
academic pursuit, so you can take some exercises during the breaks. Secondly, since the study in university is more demanding than in your secondary school, you are highly suggested to find some introductory books from the library so as to have a good idea of the specialty you are going to take in your college life. Given your sound ability, you are sure to have a successful college life.
Congratulate you again and wish you a fruitful college life.
incerely yours,
hang Wei
2005年英语一小作文真题：
Directions:
Two months ago you got a job as an editor for the magazine Design & Fashion. But now you find that the job is not what you expected. You
decide to quit. Write a letter to your boss, Mr. Wang, telling him your decision, stating your reason(s)，and making an apology。

Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You don’t need to write the address。

从内容上来看，2005年真题为一封道歉信。

信函的书写一般包括如下几个部分：
1.称呼：Dear (Sir or Madam/ Mr. Wang/ Jane)
2.主体
首段开门见山，点明主题：I am writing this letter for the purpose of telling you that I will be resigning from my present position in your department。

中间段把第一段内容具体化：It has been a great pleasure to work with you in the past two months。

(先表示礼貌)But my current position as an editor doesn’t quite suit to my personal interests and career plan. As I majored in finance in college, I really want to work in the
business field。

结尾段重申主题，表示感谢：I sincerely hope that you could accept my resignation and apology and thank you very much for all your help in the past months。

3.落款：Li Ming (切记根据要求落款为Li Ming，不要写自己的名字)
2006年英语一小作文真题：
Directions: You want to contribute to Project Hope by offering financial aid to a child in a remote area. Write a letter to the department concerned, asking them to help find a candidate. You should specify what kind of child you want to help and how you will carry your own plan。

Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You don’t need to write the address。

从2006年小作文来看，内容仍为信函，指示语的第二部分与2005年完全相同。

因此在写
作时只需遵循书信写作的基本格式，在主体部分涵盖要点即可。

2006年的求助信要点如下：
1.求助理由(开门见山)：I am writing this letter to ask if you could help me find a child in your area as a beneficiary of Project Hope。

2.具体要求：I hope to offer help to a school-aged girl from a poor family, for I know that girls are often deprived of their rights of schooling due to poverty。

3.如何进行帮助：I will send 1,000 to the girl by mail every term once I can get specific information about her。

2007年英语一小作文真题：
Directions: Write a letter to your university library, making suggestions for improving its service。

Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You don’t need to write the address。

2007年小作文仍旧是信函写作，从内容上看
是一封建议信，写作思路与05、06年相同。

Dear Sir or Madam,
I’m a student in the university and a loyal
reader of this library. I’m writing to tell some of
my ideas, which I hope to be helpful for you.
I notice that many magazines in our library
are out of date. It would be beneficial to us students if they could be updated in time. And I suggest introducing some new journals so as to
bring new fresh air to the library. Furthermore,
since we have a huge number of books, it is not
easy to find the right one easily. However, if we
can introduce some new searching means, it
would be easy.
Thank you for taking time reading this
letter and I’m looking forward to seeing some
new changes soon.
S incerely Yours,
L i Ming
2008年英语一小作文真题：
Directions: You have just come back from Canada and found a music CD in your luggage that you forgot to return to Bob, your landlord there. Write him a letter to
1) make an apology, and
2) suggest a solution。

Write your letter with no less than 100 words. Don’t sign your own name at the end of the letter; use “Li Ming” instead. You don’t need to write the address。

2008小作文与2005年一样，写一封道歉信。

因此写作格式与思路相同，只需把主体部分内容进行改变。

2008年的道歉信主体部分主要涵盖两大要点：
1.道歉：I am awfully sorry that I forgot to return your music CD to you。

2.解释(为什么没有归还CD，理由有道理即可)：When I was packing, I confused your CD with mine and put it in my luggage. Then it was not until I arrived home and unpacked my belongings that I discovered your CD right in
my suitcase。

3.提出解决方法：I will post you the CD tomorrow and again I sincerely hope that you could accept my apologies。

2009年英语一小作文真题
51. Directions:
Restrictions on the use of plastic bags have not been so successful in some regions. “White pollution ”is still going on. Write a letter to the editor(s) of your local newspaper to
give your opinions briefly and
make two or three suggestions
You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "Li Ming" instead. You do not need to write the address.
参考范文
Dear Editors,
I, as your faithful reader, am writing this letter to suggest that plastic bags should be restricted in our daily life. However, to my
surprise and sadness, I have found that disposable plastic bags are still widely used in some areas just because people are unwilling to change their old habits, thus causing their surroundings to be even worse.
To solve this serious problem, I would like to put forward a couple of practical suggestions. Above all, our country should establish a strong agency to limit the production of those bags and monitor the use of them. Furthermore, some other choices should be advocated to replace plastic bags with paper or bamboo ones. Finally, consumers should pay for the use of plastic bags so as to enhance their consciousness of environmental protection.
I really hope my suggestions would attract your due attention and receive an early reply.
ours Sincerely,
i Ming
◆通知
要求：通知的目的是传递信息或分配工作，包含内容、时间和地点。

如果是活动，应包含参加的人员范围；如果是讲座或报告，应包含演讲人的简介。

必须用简练、准确的语言传递信息。

如果包含对演讲人、主要参与或组织者等的介绍，则语言应大方得体，重点突出。

注意：标题(NOTICE或者具体活动)放中间，无须称呼结尾礼貌语，但可以写If you have any questions, please do not hesitate to contact me for more information. 而且要署名，一般是机构，题目会告之
2010年英语一小作文真题
51. Directions:
You are supposed to write for the postgraduate association a notice to recruit volunteers for an international conference on globalization, you should conclude the basic qualification of applicant and the other information you think relative.
You should write about 100 words. Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use "postgraduate association" instead.
参考范文；
NOTICE（Volunteers Wanted）
To improve students’ ability and enrich extracurricular activities, the Postgraduates’ Association is recruiting volunteers for an international conference on globalization to be held in Beijing on April 5.
The qualifications for the applicants should have a strong professional spirit, cheerful personality and be aged under 35. In addition, applicants must have outstanding skills at English. Last but not the least is that these with relevant professional experience will be given priority.
The postgraduates who are interested in taking part in it may sign up with the monitor of their classes before the end of this month. Everybody is welcome to join in it.
ostgraduates’ Association
◆备忘录
备忘录的内容犹如新闻写作，需要包括以下几个要素：谁，什么，何时，何地，为什么。

备忘录有可能是通知，也可能是呼吁人们参加某个活动或采取某个行动。

备忘录的收文人只要写全名即可，无需称呼语，结尾处也不需要结束语和签名。

由五个部分组成：
范文
Date: April 15, 2010
To: All students of the English Department From: Class Monitor, Li Ming
Subject: Spring excursion
As spring arrives and the weather turns to be more agreeable, the department has decided to organize a spring excursion in suburban Huairou District, which is not far away from the city of Beijing. This activity includes mountain-climbing and picnic. All students of
the English Department are encouraged to participate. We remind you of the necessity of bringing some food and water, as well as wearing comfortable shoes.
We will meet at the west gate of the university at 9 am, Sunday, a bus has been arranged. Please be punctual so that we have enough time to enjoy the beautiful nature.
◆摘要
摘出主题句，将之简单化。

然后结合背的大小作文套话来改写，将之理解成写一篇作文。

常用的套话主要是“有个……现象”“就我而言”“不难指出……”，“第一、第二、第三、最后”的英文表达。

如：
ABSTRACT（题目）
Nowadays（目前）, it has become an increasingly hot topic （有个热门话题是……）that domestic price of commodities have been going up dramatically. As far as I’m concerned（就我而言）, There are several reasons accounting for this. Firstly（第一，可以写At the top of list）, the
present inflation is still controllable and adjustable. In the second place(第二), China has laid a solid foundation for the solution of this problem. In addition（而且，另外）, the government has taken drastic and immediate measures against the worsening situation. Finally（最后）, the authorities will not hold down the present inflation at the cost of economic growth and stock market
英语二大作文主要以话题作文和图表作文为主，图画作文至今尚未考过。

2012年复习重点是图表作文。

话题作文万能开头段：The past few years have witnessed the emergence of a widespread social phenomenon. That is________________(根据题目提示写). This issue, without the slightest question, has given rise to great concern in the public. Needless to say, this situation will continue for quite a while in the future.
图表作文万能开头段：（注意练习各种变通写法）What is shown in the diagram(或table等，题目中有这样的词)above describes clearly that remarkable changes have taken place in _________ (填图表标题). Based upon the statistics of the diagram, one may see that the number of ____________(按作文要求) has been on a steady rise(上升)或者decline(下降). In the year of 1998, the number merely 2500, but within no more than several years, it went up to move more than 35,000 in 2004.(具体年份和数字根据题目图表随便找一组对比的填)
图画作文万能开头段：Looking at this picture, I believe, people cannot keep pondering. It describes a simple but meaningful social phenomenon. It is both profound and thought provoking, which is meant to emphasize the importance of the phenomenon.
图画作文开头段更高级写法：
Looking at this picture (or cartoon), I believe, people cannot keep pondering. As is vividly drawn in the picture, 地点(in the sunshine/on the playground) , 动作(stands/runs)人物(a pretty American girl/a young man) ,简单描述（who is in Chinese traditional clothes, wearing necklace, with a sweet smile on her face.）It describes a simple but meaningful social phenomenon. After careful thinking, we come to understand the enlightening picture step by step.
I believe that this thought-provoking picture conveys two layers of meanings. For one thing,____________. For another,_______________. This simple picture is wake-up call for the whole of the society.
万能原因段：How come such phenomenon occurs? First of all, it is the inevitable social trend with the rapid development of Chinese economy. Furthermore, we must admit that the government is deficient of the thoughtful consideration and the perspective anticipation.
Last but not the least, the fact cannot be ignored that, in the long run, someone’s mind has changed.
万能建议段：It must be pointed out that the situation of ____________ is going from bad to worse. Therefore, as far as I am concerned, first of all, Governments departments are required to take effective measures to solve this serious problem. Secondly, different classes in the society need to cooperate closely to pay attention to this problem. At last, as individuals, we should care about it and set up examples for others.
万能结尾段：There is no denying the fact that people will have diverse views on the same issue, but my stand-point is clear and well founded in the foregoing discussions. Given what has been argued so far, I’m inclined to view this tend as a blessing (好事) 或curse（坏事）. Therefore, I believe, the current trend should be encouraged
rather than discouraged or even banned. (如果是坏现象，就写：Therefore, I believe, the current trend should be discouraged or even banned.
常用句式
1．表示原因
1）There are three reasons for this．
2）The reasons for this are as follows．
例：
There are three reasons for the changes that have taken place in our life．Firstly，people’s living standard has been greatly improved．Secondly，most people are well paid，and they can afford what they need or like．Last but not least，more and more people prefer to enjoy modern life．
2．表示好处
1）It has the following advantages．
2）It is of great benefit to us．
例：
Books are like friends．They can help us know
the world better，and they can open our minds and widen our horizons．Therefore，reading extensively is of great benefit to us．
3．表示坏处
1）It has the following disadvantages: …
2）It is harmful to us．
例：
However，everything divides into two．Television can also be harmful to us．It can do harm to our health and make us lazy if we spend too much time watching television．
4．表示重要、必要、困难、方便、可能
1）It is important（necessary，difficult，convenient，possible）for sb．to do sth．
2）It plays an important role in our life．
例：
Computers are now being used everywhere，whether in the government，in schools or in business．Soon，computers will be found in every home，too．We have good reason to say
that computers are playing an increasingly important role in our life and we have stepped into the Computer Age．
5．表示措施
1）We should take some effective measures．2）We should try our best to overcome（conquer）the difficulties．
例：
The housing problem that we are confronted with is becoming more and more serious．Therefore，we must take some effective measures to solve it．
6．表示变化
1）Some changes have taken place in the past few years．
2）The computer has brought about many changes in education．
例：
Some changes have taken place in people’s diet in the past few years．The major reasons for
these changes are not far to seek．Nowadays，more and more people are switching from grain to meat for protein，and from fruit and vegetable to milk for vitamins．
7．表示事实、现状
1）We cannot ignore the fact that．．．
2）However，that’s not the case．
例：
We cannot ignore the fact that industrialization brings with it the problems of pollution．To solve these problems，we can start by educating the public about the hazards of pollution．The government on its part should also design stricter laws to promote a cleaner environment．
8．表示比较
1）Compared with A，B．．．(客观评价)
2）I prefer to read rather than watch TV．（主观倾向）
例：
Compared with cars，bicycles have several
advantages besides being affordable．Firstly，they do not consume natural resources of petroleum．Secondly，they do not cause the pollution problem．Last but not least，they contribute to people’s health by giving them du e physical exercise．
9．表示数量
1）…has increased（decreased）from…to…2）The population in this city has now increased （decreased）to 800,000.
例：
With the improvement of the living standard，the proportion of people’s income spent on food has decreased while that spent on education has increased．
10．表示看法
1）People have（take，adopt，assume）different attitudes / opinions towards sth..
2）Some people believe that…Others argue that…
例：
People have different attitudes towards failure．Some believe that failure leads to success．
Every failure they experience translates into a greater chance of success at their renewed endeavor．However，others are easily discouraged by failures and put themselves into the category of losers．。