Speech Progress Chart
Chapter_1_Speech_sounds
Post-alveolar
（后齿龈音）
• Postalveolar sounds involve the area just behind the alveolar ridge as the passive articulator. The active articulator may be either the tongue tip or (usually) the tongue blade -- diacritic symbols can be used if it matters which. English postalveolars include [ F], [ V ], [tF] [dV].
Palatal
（硬腭音）
• The active articulator is the tongue body and the passive articulator is the hard palate. The English glide [j] is a palatal.
speech的用法及短语
speech的用法及短语一级标题：Speech的用法及短语二级标题1：Speech的基本定义与用法众所周知，"speech"是英语中的一个重要词汇，它在日常生活和学术交流中都有着广泛的应用。
首先，我们来了解一下speech的基本定义。
在最简单的意义上，speech可以指代口头表达或演讲。
它是人类主要的沟通工具之一，通过声音和语言交流思想、观点和情感。
此外，speech还可以表示某人或某地区特定时间段内发表的演讲或地址。
在各个方面的应用中，speech又被细分为多种形式，如政治演讲、学术演讲、毕业致辞等等。
不同类型的speech在目标、形式和内容上存在差异，并使用不同的技巧与短语来实现其目的。
接下来将深入探讨这些短语及其用法。
二级标题2：Speech中常见短语与表达方式1. 开场白（Opening Remarks）开场白是一篇演讲或peech的开始部分，也是与听众建立联系和引起他们兴趣的关键部分。
以下几种常见方式可供选择：a. "Ladies and gentlemen, distinguished guests, good morning/afternoon/evening! Thank you all for being here today."b. "I'd like to begin by expressing my gratitude to [organization/host] for inviting me to speak here today."2. 引言（Introduction）在speech中，引言的作用是介绍演讲的主题、目的和背景，为听众提供一个全面认识话题的机会。
以下是一些常见的引言方式：a. "Today, I am here to discuss..."b. "The topic of my speech today is..."3. 补充资料（Additional Information）为了增加speech的可信度和深度，补充资料被广泛应用。
SpeechSounds剖析.
• For example, • pin/bin, pin /pen, pin/ping. • Sounds in contrastive distribution should be assigned to different phonemes.
符号•标记
• • • • + - 表示是否具有某一特征 〔+vocalic〕 〔-vocalic〕 # ：双加号用来分隔词与语素，例如 telegraph，telegraphic，tele+graph # ic • Ф：表示零，即空位 • （）可有可无的符号放在该符号里。 • A(B) 表示或者A，或者AB。
• Matthews’ definition • • The smallest distinct sound unit in a given language: [tip]
• Technically speaking, a phoneme is defined as a minimal distinctive unit in the sound system of a language. In other words, a phoneme is the smallest unit that cannot be further divided into smaller parts at the level of sounds.
• Different from English phonetics, English phonology does not deal with the actual production of English sounds, but with the abstract aspects: the function of sounds and their patterns of combination.
图表作文英语演讲模板
图表作文英语演讲模板全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Title: Speech Template for Chart Writing in EnglishIntroduction:Good [morning/afternoon/evening], ladies and gentlemen. It is my pleasure to be here today to talk to you about the importance of using charts in writing English essays. Today, I will be sharing with you a speech template that can help you effectively present your ideas when using charts in your writing.Body:1. Opening Statement:When incorporating charts in your English writing, it is essential to start with an opening statement that introduces the topic you will be discussing. This statement should be clear and concise, setting the stage for the information that will be presented in the chart.2. Description of the Chart:After introducing the topic, it is important to provide a detailed description of the chart you are using. This description should include the key points or trends that the chart is illustrating, as well as any relevant data or statistics that are being presented.3. Analysis of the Chart:Once you have described the chart, it is time to analyze the information presented. This is where you can discuss the implications of the data, as well as any insights or conclusions that can be drawn from the chart. It is important to provide a thorough analysis that demonstrates your understanding of the information presented.4. Comparison and Contrast:If you are using multiple charts in your writing, it can be helpful to compare and contrast the information presented in each chart. This can help to highlight similarities or differences between the data, as well as provide a more comprehensive view of the topic being discussed.5. Conclusion:In concluding your writing, it is important to summarize the key points that have been discussed in the chart. You may alsowant to provide recommendations or suggestions for further research or action based on the information presented. The conclusion should leave the reader with a clear understanding of the topic and the insights gained from the chart.6. Closing Statement:To wrap up your writing, it is important to end with a strong closing statement that reinforces the main points discussed in the chart. This statement should leave a lasting impression on the reader and leave them with a clear takeaway from the information presented.Conclusion:In conclusion, using charts in your English writing can be a powerful tool for effectively presenting information and data. By following this speech template for chart writing, you can ensure that your writing is clear, concise, and engaging for your audience. Thank you for listening, and I hope you found this template helpful for your future writing endeavors.篇2Title: Template for English Speech on Chart EssayIntroduction:Good morning/afternoon/evening, ladies and gentlemen. Today, I am pleased to present to you a detailed analysis on the topic of chart essay writing. In this speech, we will explore the key components of a successful chart essay and provide a template that you can use to craft your own well-structured and insightful piece of writing.Body:1. Introduction:- Begin your essay by introducing the topic of the chart and providing some background information.- Clearly state the purpose of the chart essay and outline the main points that you will be discussing in your analysis.2. Overview of the Chart:- Describe the chart that you will be analyzing in detail. Provide information on the type of chart (e.g., bar chart, pie chart, line graph) and the data that it represents.- Highlight any key trends or patterns that are evident in the chart.3. Analysis of the Data:- Break down the data presented in the chart and identify any significant findings or insights.- Use statistics and examples to support your analysis and explain the implications of the data.4. Comparison with External Sources:- Compare the data in the chart to information from external sources, such as research studies or industry reports.- Discuss any discrepancies or inconsistencies between the chart data and external sources.5. Conclusion:- Summarize the key points that you have discussed in your analysis.- Offer recommendations for further research or action based on the insights gained from the chart data.Conclusion:In conclusion, chart essay writing is an important skill that can help you effectively communicate complex data and analysis to your audience. By following the template outlined in this speech, you can create a well-structured and informative chart essay that will impress your readers and demonstrate youranalytical abilities. Thank you for listening, and I hope you found this speech helpful in your chart essay writing endeavors.篇3Title: Template for English Speech on Chart AnalysisIntroduction:Good morning/afternoon, Ladies and Gentlemen. Today, I am going to present an analysis based on the chart/graph provided. The purpose of this presentation is to interpret the data accurately and draw meaningful conclusions from it. Let's dive in.Overview of the Chart:The chart/graph provided depicts [describe the type of chart/graph - line, bar, pie chart, etc.] and shows data related to [mention the topic or subject of the chart/graph]. The x-axis represents [mention what the x-axis depicts] and the y-axis represents [mention what the y-axis depicts].Key Points:1. Identify the trends: Look at the data points and identify any visible trends, whether they are upward, downward, or stable over time.2. Analyze the data: Calculate the averages, percentages, or any other relevant metrics that can help in understanding the data better.3. Compare data points: Look for patterns or discrepancies between the different data points and analyze the reasons behind them.4. Identify outliers: Determine if there are any outliers in the data and investigate the reasons behind them.5. Draw conclusions: Based on the analysis of the data, draw meaningful conclusions and insights that can be derived from the chart/graph.Example:Let's take a closer look at the chart provided. As we can see, there is a clear upward trend in the data points from 2015 to 2019, indicating a steady growth in [mention the subject of the chart]. The data also shows a spike in [mention the relevant data point] in 2018, which can be attributed to [mention the reason behind the spike].Conclusion:In conclusion, the analysis of the chart/graph has provided valuable insights into [mention the subject/topic]. Byinterpreting the data accurately and drawing meaningful conclusions, we can gain a better understanding of the trends and patterns in the data.Thank you for your attention. If you have any questions or would like to discuss the analysis further, feel free to ask.。
美国语音语调突破方案课件
04
美国文化对语音语调的影响
美国历史和文化背景
欧洲殖民时期
美国语音语调的形成受到欧洲殖 民时期的影响，特别是英国、西
班牙和法国的影响。
独立战争与建国
美国独立战争和建国后的历史对 语音语调的发展产生了重要影响，
形成了独特的美国口音。
西部扩张与移民潮
美国西部扩张和移民潮对美国语 音语调产生了影响，不同地区和
03
提升美国语音语调的技巧
模仿和跟 读
通过模仿和跟读，学习者可以逐渐掌握美国人的发音和语调。
选择一些具有标准美国口音的材料进行模仿和跟读，例如电 影、电视剧、播客、新闻广播等。通过模仿母语者的发音和 语调，学习者可以逐渐纠正自己的发音和语调，并逐渐掌握 美国口音的特点。
听力训练和语音识别
通过听力训练和语音识别练习，学习者可以提高对美国英 语发音和语调的敏感度。
美国语音语调突破方 案课件
01
引言
课程目标
掌握纯正的美国英语 发音技巧
提高口语流利度和听 力理解能力
理解并运用美国英语 语调的规则和习惯
学习美国语音语调的重要性
在学术、商务和日常交流中更有效地沟通 提高英语学习的自信心和兴趣
融入国际环境，拓宽职业发展机会
02
美国英语的语音特点
音节和发音
01
俚语和方言
美国是一个多元文化、多地区方言的国家，各地有独特的俚语和 方言表达方式。
俚语和方言的起源
美国俚语和方言的形成受到不同地区、族群和文化的影响，具有深 厚的历史文化背景。
俚语和方言的模仿
为了更好地模仿美国口音，学习者需要了解并模仿不同地区的俚语 和方言表达方式。
05
实际应用与案例分析
睿丁英语五步语音处理流程
睿丁英语五步语音处理流程全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：睿丁英语五步语音处理流程，是一套专门为英语学习者设计的语音训练系统。
通过这五个步骤，学生可以有效提高自己的发音准确度和流利度，从而更好地表达自己的意思。
接下来我们将详细介绍这五个步骤。
第一步是音标学习。
在英语中，有很多不同的音素和音标，不同的音标代表着不同的音。
在发音准确度方面，音标的学习是非常重要的一步。
睿丁英语利用系统化的方法，帮助学生掌握各种音标的发音规则，让他们能够准确地发出每一个音。
第二步是音位练习。
音位是构成语音的最小单位，在英语中，有很多不同的音位，每一个都有自己的特点。
通过针对性的练习，学生可以逐渐掌握各种音位的发音规律，并提高自己的发音准确度。
第三步是连读练习。
在英语中，连读是非常常见的现象，很多词语之间会发生音节的连接，而且这种连接往往会对语音产生影响。
通过连读练习，学生可以了解各种连读规律，提高自己的语音流畅度。
第四步是语调模仿。
在英语中，语调是非常重要的一部分，它能够影响整个句子的意思。
通过模仿不同语境下的语调，学生可以更好地理解英语语音的特点，并提高自己的语音表达能力。
第五步是实战演练。
最后一个步骤是通过实际的对话练习来巩固所学知识。
通过和老师或其他学生进行对话练习，学生可以不断地提高自己的发音技巧和流利度。
通过这五个步骤，睿丁英语为学生提供了一套系统化的语音训练方案，帮助他们有效提高自己的英语发音能力。
如果你也想在英语学习中取得更好的成绩，不妨尝试一下睿丁英语五步语音处理流程吧！第二篇示例：睿丁英语是一家专注于提供高品质英语学习服务的机构，其五步语音处理流程是其独有的教学方法之一。
这种流程通过系统性的步骤，帮助学生提高英语语音水平，让学生在真实的英语环境下更加流利地交流。
第一步：听音辨音。
在学习英语语音的过程中，首先要通过大量的听力训练来熟悉英语语音的发音规律。
通过听音训练，学生可以更好地辨别不同的音素，从而更准确地模仿和发音。
成年人与老年人语音转换中期检查幻灯片
谢谢大家！
首先用wavread函数读入wav文件，用lpc函数获得 其lpc参数，用vad函数对其进行端点检测,并保存语音部 分的lpc参数到参考模板的结构数组ref(i).lpc中或测试模 板的结构数组test(i).lpc中。 模板匹配阶段，计算所有测 试模板和参考模板之间的距离，保存到距阵dist中，将最 后的匹配分数用min 函数找到最小值对应的模板。
Function Sn=enframe(s) % 计算语音分帧后的帧数 nf=fix((length(xx)-256+80)/80) % 设定分帧后的帧长和步长 Sn=zeros(nf,256) Indf=80*(80;(nf-1)) Indf=(1:256) Sn(:)=S(indf(:,ones(1,256))+inds(o nes(nf,1),:1) % 加入汉明窗 For i=1:nf Sn=sn(i,:).*hamming(256) end
通过转换算法进行语音分析，提取语音模型参数， 之后将相同的参数聚集在一起作为训练数据。 转换函数描述的是源说话人与目标说话人参数之 间的统计关系。
在孤立词语音识别中，最为简单有效的方法是采 用DTW算法，解决了发音长短不一的模板匹配问 题，是语音识别中出现较早、较为经典的一种算 法，用于孤立词识别。 HMM算法在训练阶段需要提供大量的语音数据， 通过反复计算才能得到模型参数，而DTW算法的 训练中几乎不需要额外的计算。所以在孤立词语 音识别中，DTW算法仍然得到广泛的应用
左图为预经过预加重 处理的一段语音信号 预加重处理的目的是 为了对语音的高频部 分进行加重，去除口 唇辐射的影响。
语音语调练习PPT课件
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Tr y It!
English is the most widely spoken language in the history of our planet, used in some way at least one out of every seven human beings around the globe. Nonetheless, it is time to face the fact that English is a crazy language—the most loopy and wiggly of all tongues.
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第14页/共30页
• 句子的重读 在句子中比较重要的词都要重读。这些词大都
是实词，而单音节的虚词一般不重读。重读的词 汇主要有： １）名词，如 kitchen, Peter, book, doctor ２）大部分的实义动词，如 visit, construct, break, open ３）形容词，如 interesting, pretty, wonderful, fantastic, ４）副词，如 often, carefully, easily, hard 5）数词，如 one, a, two 6）否定，如don’t, cannot, isn’t
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第9页/共30页
English Pronunciation & Intonation
/Ɔ / song sock sorry long loss dog dollar /Ɔ :/ door daughter four form forty saw /u/ good book cooking would wooden /u:/ two soon blue goose school /Ə / again attack above afraid ago /Ə :/ stir serve surf surface turn skirt
演讲英语演讲稿(南昌大学选修课)
四、课程主要内容：演讲的基本理论和概念，帮助学生理解言语交流过程中的七大要素，即：“讲话者”(speaker)、“信息”(message)、“渠道”(channel)、“听众”(listener)、“反馈”(feedback)、“干扰”(interference)和“场景”(situation)。
理解倾听与批判性思维的关系，介绍几种不同的倾听方式，例如：“欣赏性倾听”(appreciative listening)、“同情性倾听”(empathic listening)、“理解性倾听”(comprehensive listening)、和“批判性倾听”(critical listening)。
了解在演讲的准备阶段如何选题和立意，如何分析听众的特点，如何收集资料和如何规范地使用所收集到的论据来说明自己的想法。
诸如在选题时如何确定演讲的“总目的”(general purpose)，“具体目的”(specific purpose)，和“中心思想”(central idea)。
演讲中使用论据可分为：“例证”(examples)、“统计数据”(statistics)和“证明”(testimony)等，并介绍使用各类论据时所要注意的一些问题。
介绍英语演讲稿的写作方法和写作规范。
组织演讲稿正文常用的构想方法主要有：“时间顺序法”(chronological order)，“空间顺序法”(spatial order)，“因果顺序法”(causal order)，“话题顺序法”(topical order)和“问题与解决方案顺序法”(problem-solution order)。
根据英语“形合性”的特点，英语文本中上下文之间的关系经常要通过连接词来表达，这与中文“意会性”特点极不相同。
因此，连接词正确而恰当的使用可使英文演讲稿逻辑清晰，结构紧凑。
连接词语主要包括“过度”(transitions)、“段落预展”(internal previews)、“段落总结”(summaries)和“指向标”(signpost)等。
表达流畅——提高英语发音与语调
表达流畅——提高英语发音与语调Expressing Fluently: Improving English Pronunciation and ToneLanguage is a tool for communication, and for a non-native speaker, being able to express oneself fluently in English is an important skill to have. The ability to convey ideas, thoughts, and emotions smoothly and accurately is a reflection of one’s English proficiency. Although there are many factors that contribute to fluency, pronunciation andtone are two of the most crucial elements. In this article,we will discuss ways to improve your English pronunciationand tone, and ultimately express yourself fluently.PronunciationPronunciation is the way in which words are spoken. Accurate pronunciation is essential for clear communication, but for many non-native speakers, it can be quite challenging. Here are some tips to help improve your English pronunciation:1. Listen carefully: Listen to English speakers carefully and attentively. Pay attention to how they pronounce words and to the sounds they make.2. Speak slowly: Speak slowly and clearly so you can hear each word's sound. This helps you understand how the words are pronounced.3. Watch and imitate native speakers: Watch English movies, TV shows, and videos, and pay close attention to how native speakers pronounce words. Try to imitate their words and sounds as much as possible.4. Work on your enunciation: Practice enunciating each word’s syllables clearly, stressing the correct sounds where necessary.5. Use online resources: There are many online resources available to help improve your pronunciation, such as YouTube videos or websites like “the pronunciation tutor” or “pronunciation pro.”6. Use a dictionary: A dictionary can help you learn the correct pronunciation of a word. Look up words you don’t know, and practice pronouncing them.7. Practice, Practice, Practice: Constant practice will make you more comfortable with English pronunciation and lead to good habits. Even in your daily life, try to use English as much as possible.ToneTone refers to the melody of the speech. It can also reflect your emotions and attitude. A tone that is too low or too high can make a listener feel uncomfortable, so it is essential to master the correct tone for every situation. Here are some tips to help improve your English tone:1. Listen carefully: Pay attention to how native speakers vary their tone when expressing different emotions or ideas.2. Understand sentence structure: Understand the basic sentence structures used in English. A good understanding of sentence structures will help you recognize which word to stress.3. Practice reading aloud: Choose different kinds of texts, and practice reading them aloud with the correct tone. Pay attention to the natural rhythm of the language in the text.4. Practice with a partner: Find someone to practice English with, and practice different tones together to improve your flexibility and accuracy.5. Watch native speakers: Watch English movies, TV shows, and videos, observing the tones used by various characters in different situations.6. Use online resources: Online resources that provide exercises and guidelines for tone can be useful, such as videos or podcasts.7. Learn idioms and phrasal verbs: Learning idioms or phrasal verbs can help you understand the specific tone used in different situations.In summary, the ability to express oneself fluently in English requires both good pronunciation and tone. To improveyour English, listen carefully to native speakers, use online resources, practice, and find a partner to practice with. With the right amount of effort, you will soon find that your English fluency has improved significantly.。
高中英语《语音语调怎样学》PPT课件
语音部分
[: ]
前元音
舌尖抵下齿，舌前部尽力抬高 双唇微微张开，呈扁平口形，如同 微笑时； 发音时声带振动（手摸喉咙能感觉 到）
[: ]练习下面的句子
Let’s eat some peas.
Please take this seat.
We often see sheep in the field. 3 from 6 leaves 3.
[ ] 练习下面的句子
A little duck jumped in the river suddenly.
The bus comes once in ten minutes.
On a sunny Sunday, my son went to a picnic.
[:]
中元音
舌放平，舌尖轻抵下齿底部，舌中 部略抬起； 双唇呈扁平口形； 发音时声带振动；
The fat dog, Peter’s pet, can pick up a pen. Peter feasts his guest with delicacies. delicacy [deliksi ] 美味
[]
中元音
后缩，舌尖轻触下齿，舌中部稍抬 起； 双唇张开，唇形稍扁，并稍向后两 旁平移； 发音时声带振动；
[u]
后元音
舌尖离开下齿，但不与上齿接触； 舌身后缩，舌后部向软腭抬起；
双唇呈圆形，稍微向前突出； 发音时声带振动；
[ u ] 练习下面的句子
Jack is good cook. He took two sugars in his coffee. I’ll do it by hook or by crook.
[ ] 练习下面的句子
《英语语音技巧》课件
Problem
Some people may misunderstand or miss the promotion rules, leading to incorrect promotion
Solution
Learn the basic promotion rules and practice them regularly Use resources like PPT courseware or online courses to review and improve your promotion
To produce these sounds, the tip of the tongue is placed against the aluminum ridge (the gum area just behind the upper tee)
Linking and skimming
Linking
and correction methods • Suggestions for learning
English phones
01
Basic knowledge of phonetics
Phonetic Alphabet Learning
发声功能评估报告单
训练目标
平均言语基频
(偏低、正常、偏高)
言语基频
标准差
(F0SD)
言语
基频范围
(F0Range)
言语基频范围
(偏交谈时的言语强度，询问“姓名及年龄”等。
平均
言语强度
达到
训练目标
平均言语强度
(偏低、正常、偏高)
言语强度
标准差
言语
强度范围
言语强度变化
(正常Int SD <10)
平均言语基频msff达到msff训练目标平均言语基频偏低正常偏高言语基频标准差f0sd言语基频范围f0range言语基频范围偏小正常偏大实际年龄相对年龄2
门诊编号
发声功能评估报告单
评估时间：
姓名：性别：年龄：出生日期：
一、客观评估
1．交谈时的言语基频，询问“姓名及年龄”等。
平均
言语基频
(MSFF)
达到
(F0SD)
言语基频变化
(偏小、正常、偏大)
清浊音比
U/V
达U/V
训练目标
二、评估结果分析
四、康复建议
治疗师签字：
3.阅读时的言语基频，阅读或跟读：“妈妈爱宝宝，宝宝爱妈妈”。
平均
言语基频(MSFF)
达到
MSFF
训练目标
言语基频
标准差
(F0SD)
言语基频变化
(F0SD <20Hz偏小、正常、F0SD >35Hz偏大)
4.数数时的言语基频，从“1”数到“5”。
平均
言语基频
(MSFF)
达到
MSFF
训练目标
言语基频
标准差
speech2basic解析
Speech signal processing
1 基频--〉音调 声调的调型表示---五度表示方法
语音学家用五度表示方法，五度制就分成5个音区。 每个音区是平等的。将阴平、阳平、去声、上声 等声调描述成 55、 35、 214、 51
Speech signal processing
1 基频--〉音调
1 基频--〉音调 声调轨迹时间轴的规整
F0 ( j ) F0 (t j / T )
对规整后的基频轨迹进行插值以及重新采样， 0~1之间进行等间隔采样，一般可以采样10个 点左右。
Speech signal processing
1 基频--〉音调
声调曲拱的特征点的选择
音域的表示用先取四十 个音高D值的平均值及 标准离差，用平均值加 减两倍的标准差表示音 域 ；进一步用特征点之 间的音高变化来表示曲 线的升降
Speech signal processing 1 语音产生的声学基础--声道
Speech signal processing 1 语音产生的声学基础--声道与声学特征的关系
Speech signal processing 1 语音产生的声学基础--声道
Speech signal processing
食道
Speech signal processing 1 语音产生的声学基础
声带（Vocal Cords ） 10~14mm 在喉部的从喉结到杓状软骨之间的韧带褶 声门（Glottis） 两个声带之间形成一个开闭自如的声门 声道（vocal tract） 17cm 由咽腔、口腔和鼻腔三个空气腔体组成
Speech signal processing
1 语音产生的声学基础
示意图
speech writing
Sample Long Speech
Format of a Opening/Welcome Speech
1. Extend a warm welcome to all the participants 2. Announce the opening of the conference 3. Review the previous conferences 4. Introduce the characteristics or uniqueness of the conference 5. Present background information related to the subject of the conference 6. State the purpose of the conference 7. Introduce the participants, the organizers, the sponsors, the distinguished guests, the keynote speakers, and the arrangements of the conference 8. Foresee the achievement(s) of the conference 9. Show appreciation to the organizer(s), participants, speakers and sponsor(s) 10. Express good wishes to the participants and the conference
a speech prepared in advance but delivered without written notes and without being memorized
英语语音课件Unit12RhythmofEnglishSpeech
英语语音课件Unit12RhythmofEnglishSpeech第一篇：英语语音课件 Unit 12 Rhythm of English Speech The Learning of Rhythmic structure in English UtterancesI.Stressed-Timed Rhythmsyllable-timed languages : stress-timed languagesAn ideal realization from which ‘performance' factors are absent.The rhythm is both regular and irregular;the regularity is provided bythe strong 'beat' at the beginning of each foot, and the irregularity by the unequal distribution of time within the foot.II.Rhythm and Vowel ReductionEnglish rhythm:A pattern in1.3.which long syllables alternate with short ones.III.The Distribution of English StressesForm words are typically unstressed.2.Content words are normally stressed.Form words are stressed where contrast is expressed.4.Any word being repeated is usually not stressed.5.Many stressings are idiomatic.…Rhythmic patterns: Chinese vsEnglish English Rhythm Eg:I shall have to try and get some cash from our bank at lunchtime.Then we can let them have the money that they want as soon as they like.What are they asking us to pay them?StressedvsunstressedStrong formsvsWeak formsMore advanced learners will find that attempts to use them properly are more likely toimprove the naturalness of their speech than efforts in practically any other area of pronunciation.Alternation preferenceThe strategy for learning to use weak forms properly:2.Establish when they must have1.The essential weak form words must be identified.their strong forms, when they must have their weak forms.Mark out the stressed syllables.Chinese RhythmFrenchPutonghuaNEnglish Syllable structure+ VowelsN－ 0+－+ Duration + Consonants－－+ Intonation－－Function of accent－+Table 1:Components of speech rhythm inI need a couple of shirts, greyPutonghua with reference to French and English 例1：― terylene please.―Certainly, sir, I'll just get some out.Would you mind taking a seat for amoment? I shan't be long.How many stressed syllables? How many unstressed syllables?例1：― I need a couple of shirts, grey terylene please.Certainly, sir, I'll just get some out.Would you mind taking a seat for a moment? I shan't be long.（Unstressed syllables 20/36，55.5[%]）例2：大妈：我可不去开会！人家说什么，我老听不懂。
英语语音语调 PPT
/dʒ/ 和/tʃ/ 发音相似，双唇略微张开突出，舌尖抵住上齿
龈，用力吐气，但声带需振动。 eg: change(改变)，job(工作)，joke(玩笑)
7、/aʊ/ /ɔɪ/ /ts/ /dz/ /tr/ /dr/
II.句子重音
• 在连贯的话语中，不可能所有的词都同样 重要，必然有些词较为关键，有些词则相 对次要一些。
• 一般来说，关键词需要重读，这就是句子 重音，而其他词则不必重读。
• 名词、实义动词、形容词、副词、数词、 指示代词、疑问词和感叹词等一般都重读。
• 而冠词、介词、连词和一般性的代词则不 重读
/ŋ/ 双唇张开，舌尖抵下齿龈，舌后部自然往上顶住，
气流从鼻腔送出，声带振动。 eg:young(年轻的)，song(歌曲)，tongue(舌头)
6、/eɪ/ /əʊ/ /aɪ/ /ʃ/ /ʒ/ /tʃ/ /dʒ/
/eɪ/ 由/e/ 和/ɪ/ 两个单音组成， /e/ 重读， /ɪ/ 轻读，口形
由半开到合，与字母A发音相同。 eg: same(相同的)，late(迟到的)，cake(蛋糕)
/əʊ/ 由/ə/和/ʊ/ 两个单音组成， /əʊ/的发音也是一个过程，
口形由半开到小，与字母O的发音相同。 eg: show(展示)，know(知道)，go(去)
/aɪ/ 由/a/和/ɪ/两个单音组成，前重后轻，口形由开到合，
与字母I的发音相同。 eg: life(生活)，kind(亲切的)，like(喜欢)
eg: train(火车)，try(尝试)，truck(货车)
/dr/
和/tr/ 的发音相似，双唇收圆向前突出，舌尖 上翘抵住上齿龈，采取发/r/的姿势 ，声带 需振动。
英语语调序列成分的表态功能研究
英语语调序列成分的表态功能研究表态功能是指不同语调与其表达的情感态度之间的相互影响和作用，是语调最具普遍性的功能。
英语语调态度功能的实现是一个复杂的语音过程，受语调序列成分及语调韵律成分中多种因素的影响，本文将以语调序列成分为中心探讨英语语调的表态功能。
一、英语语调序列成分根据Peter Roach(2000)，英语语调的序列成分是指那些一个接一个，以顺序存在，且不同时出现的语调成分。
这些序列成分主要包括以下三种:a)调冠、调头、调核、调尾(包括它们的音高变化)b)停顿c)语调边界其中调核是必不可少的成分，最具表态功能，调冠、调头、停顿以及语调边界是可选的成分，在很多情况下也会影响语调的表态功能。
二、英语语调序列成分的表态功能依据以上序列成分的划分，本文将从调核型、调冠型、调头型、停顿、语调边界不同的角度对序列成分的表态功能进行分析。
1.调核型调核型是语调表态功能的主要手段。
它是指调核不仅有句子的重音，并且有句子的逻辑重音，通过在调核上的不同语调而产生不同的情感态度。
(1)调核含义调核含义可以表现在单独的调核上，也可以表现在调核和调尾复合而成的调核音段上。
不同的调核和调核音段体现着不同的调核含义。
一般来说，降调表示肯定或结束，其中高降调较为普遍，表示较为激烈的情绪，低降调则表示冷淡的情绪;升调表示未完或疑问，低升调较为普遍，给人感觉也更为礼貌，而高升调则常用于构成疑问句式;降升调表示怀疑、犹豫或暗含之意;升降调表示惊讶或讥讽;平调表示继续或常规。
例如:a)I can’t say I a﹨gree.(高降调，口气严峻，表示再无商量余地)b)I can’t say I a/gree.(低升调，语气较委婉，表示不同意，但愿意听取对方解释)c)It’s quiteˇnice.(降升调，表示言外之意，后面很可能说到不好的一面)d)It’s quite∧nice.(升降调，表示讽刺，是一种反语)e)Good>morning.(平调，打招呼常规用语，没有特殊情感)(2)调核位置调核位置的表态功能主要是指因句子重音的不同而引起说话人的不同态度。