初中英语句子成分讲解练习及答案

句子成分及基本句型

一、考点、热点回顾

句子的成分

在英文中句子成分包括：主语、谓语、宾语直接宾语、间接宾语、表语、定语和状语、宾语补足语等;

一主语：主语是谓语讲述的对象,表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”;一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当;它在句首;如：

1Lucy is a beautiful nurse. 名词作主语

2He reads newspapers every day. 代词作主语

3Smoking is harmful to the health. 动名词作主语

4To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.不定式作主语

5What we should do is not yet decided. 主语从句作主语

二谓语

说明主语“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”;

谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致;它在主语后面;

如：His parents are teachers. 系动词和表语一起作谓语

We study hard. 行为动词作谓语

We don’t finish reading the book. 助动词和行为动词一起作谓语

He can speak English. 情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语

三宾语

宾语是动作、行为的对象,由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任,它和及物动词一起说明主语做什么;一般放在谓语之后;

She is doing her homework now.名词作宾语

She saysthatshe is ill.宾语从句作动词宾语

We often help him.代词作宾语

He likes to play basketball.不定式作宾语

We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐;动名词短语作宾语说明1：宾语是及物动词涉及到的人或物,宾语一般放在及物动词之后;介词后面的名词或代词或动名词,称为介词宾语;名词、代词、数词常在句中做动词宾语或介词宾语;另外,动词不定式可作动词宾语；动名词和宾语从句也可用作动词宾语;

说明2：及物动词作谓语时,后面要跟宾语;宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语;直接宾语是

及物动词的直接对象间接宾语通常是及物动词的动作所及的人,间接宾语;间接宾语一般放在直接宾语之前;

不是所有的及物动词都可以用双宾语;有的动词可以跟;如：give, show给……

看,bring, pass, buy等;如：1Our teacher tells us a story.

2The sun gives us light.

间接宾语如果放在直接宾语之后,

间接宾语前加“to”的有：

give, show, send, bring, read, pass, lend, leave, hand, tell, return, write, throw, promise答应, refuse拒绝等;

间接宾语加“for”的有：

make, buy, do, get, play, order命令, sing, pay等

1I give him a book. 改成：

2He passes me the book.他将书递给我; 改成：

3He writes me a letter. 改成：

4He will buy me some books. 改成：

5She is making me a cake. 改成：

四宾语补足语

在宾语后面补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分,称为宾语补足语;名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语;宾语和宾语补足语称为复合宾语;

如：They make her happy.形容词

I see her dance.不定式

We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.名词

Please let him in.副词

We heard her singing a song.分词短语

五表语

表语说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”,由名词、形容词、副词、介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任;它的位置在系动词后面;

如：I am a teacher.名词

He is always happy.形容词

They are on the playground now.介词短语

It gets cold.形容词

Be动词am,is,are, was, were

系动词表保持keep, stay, remain

表改变get, become, turn

感官动词feel,sound听起来,seem/look看起来,taste尝起来,smell闻起来如：It sounds interesting.sound为系动词,interesting为表语

We should all remain careful. Remain为系动词, careful为表语

六定语

定语是用来修饰名词或代词的;形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等;

单个词作定语时,通常放在它所修饰的名词之前;

如：The black bike is mine.形容词

What’s your name 代词

They make paper flowers.名词

说明1：nothing, anything, everything, something等时,定语在不定代词后面; 如：I tell him something interesting. 形容词

interesting作不定代词something的后置定语

He has something to do. to do为不定式作后置定语