2001年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2001年考研英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Use of English 2. Reading Comprehension
Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D. (10 points)
The government is to ban payments to witnesses by newspapers seeking to buy up people involved in prominent cases【B1】the trial of Rosemary West. In a significant【B2】of legal controls over the press, Lord Irvine, the Lord Chancellor, will introduce a【B3】bill that will propose making payments to witnesses【B4】and will strictly control the amount of【B5】that can be given to a case【B6】a trial begins. In a letter to Gerald Kaufman, chairman of the House of Commons media select committee. Lord Irvine said he【B7】with a committee report this year which said that self regulation did not【B8】sufficient control. 【B9】of the letter came two days after Lord Irvine caused a【B10】of media protest when he said the【B11】of privacy controls contained in European legislation would be left to judges【B12】to Parliament. The Lord Chancellor said introduction of the Human Rights Bill, which【B13】the European Convention on Human Rights legally【B14】in Britain, laid down that everybody was【B15】to privacy and that public figures could go to court to protect themselves and their families. “Press freedoms will be in safe hands【B16】our British judges”, he said. Witness payments became an【B17】after West was sentenced to 10 life sentences in 1995. Up to 19 witnesses were【B18】to have received payments for telling their stories to newspapers. Concerns were raised【B19】witnesses might be encouraged to exaggerate their stories in court to【B20】guilty verdicts.
1．【B1】
A．as to
B．for instance
C．in particular
D．such as
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。

as to意为”至于，关于”，用以转换话题；for in stance用于举例，常引导句子；”particular意为”特别地”，用来表示强调；such as引导短语，用来列举，表示前后成份之间”整体与局部”的关系。

根据句子的结构，such as为正确答案。

2．【B2】
A．tightening
B．intensifying
C．focusing
D．fastening
正确答案：A
解析：本题为动词词义辨析题。

tighten意为”抓紧，加强”；focus意为”使集中”；fasten意为”系紧，装牢”；intensify意为”使强烈，使增强，加剧”，用来强调数量、活动或情感的增加。

根据题意，tightening为正确答案。

3．【B3】
A．sketch
B．rough
C．preliminary
D．draft
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。

a draft bill是固定搭配，意为”一项草案”。

4．【B4】
A．illogical
B．illegal
C．improbable
D．improper
正确答案：B
解析：本题为形容词词义辨析题。

illogical意为”不合逻辑的”；improbable 意为”未必会的，似不可信的”；improper意为”不合适的，错误的”；illegal意为”非法的”。

政府即将禁止向证人付款的行为，因此，推出新草案的目的必然是明确规定该行为属于非法。

5．【B5】
A．publicity
B．penalty
C．popularity
D．peculiarity
正确答案：A
解析：本题为名词词义辨析题。

publicity意思是”引起大家注意；宣传”；penalty 意为”惩罚”；popularity意为”流行，普遍，声望”；peculiarity意为”奇异，特色”。

从上文可知，政府将出台相应措施限制媒体报道有关案件。

显然，此处应填入表示”公开，宣传”等与媒体行为有关的词汇，故publicity为正确答案。

6．【B6】
A．since
B．if
C．before
D．as
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查对句子逻辑结构的掌握。

英国政府将要禁止新闻界向证人付款的行为。

从根本上讲，其目的是为了防止媒体对案件的大肆渲染影响司法公正，那么政府是在审判开始之前就控制了媒体对案件的报道，故选项before为正确答案。

7．【B7】
A．sided
B．shared
C．complied
D．agreed
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。

本题的四个选项都可与介词with搭配，但意义却有所不同：side with意为”援助；参与；袒护”；comply with意为”遵守，遵循，顺从，应允”；share with意为”分享，共同负担”；agree with意为”同意，一致”。

根据题意，agreed为正确答案。

8．【B8】
A．present
B．offer
C．manifest
D．indicate
正确答案：B
解析：木题为动词词义辨析题。

present作”提供，给与”意义时常与with或to搭配，构成present sb. with sth或present sth. to sb.结构；offer作”提供，给与”讲时是及物动词，后面可直接跟名词；manifest意为”显示，证明”；indicate意为”指出，显示”。

根据词义及用法，offer为正确答案。

9．【B9】
A．Release
B．Publication
C．Printing
D．Exposure
正确答案：B
解析：本题为名词词义辨析题。

release意为”释放，免除，准许发表”；publication意为”公开发表，出版”；exposure意为”暴露，揭发”；printing意为”印刷”。

信件只有在公开发表后，人们才能知道信的内容，才会在媒体引起轩然大波，故Publication为正确答案。

10．【B10】
A．storm
B．rage
C．flare
D．flash
正确答案：A
解析：本题为名词词义辨析题。

storm意为”风暴”；rage意为”愤怒，盛怒”；flare”闪耀，闪光”；flash意为”闪光，闪现”。

a storm of protest意为”抗议的风暴”，用来描述媒体抗议的规模及强度等，故storm为正确答案。

11．【B11】
A．translation
B．interpretation
C．exhibition
D．demonstration
正确答案：B
解析：本题为名词词义辨析题。

translation意为”翻译”；interpretation意为”解释”；exhibition意为”展示，展览”；demonstration意为”证明，演示”。

交由法官等司法人员处理的工作，应该是法律条文的解释工作，故interpretation为正确答案。

12．【B12】
A．better than
B．other than
C．rather than
D．sooner than
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。

better than意为”比…更好”；other than 意为”不同于，除了”；rather than意为”宁可，而不是”；sooner than意思是”比…更早”。

根据题意，此处需要填入能够体现前后意义截然相反的短语，即”由法官而不是由议会来解释”。

13．【B13】
A．changes
B．makes
C．sets
D．turns
正确答案：B
解析：本题考查动词的用法。

根据上下文，此处所填入的动词不仅应使v+obj.+ adj.结构完整，还要体现本句”…使欧洲人权协议在英国具有法律效力…”的意思。

change和turn不能用于这种结构。

Set+obj.+adj.意思是”使处于某种情
况”，虽然符合结构要求，但意义不合适。

make用于这种结构时，意为”使显得…，使…成…”，从结构到意义都合乎要求，故为正确答案。

14．【B14】
A．binding
B．convincing
C．restraining
D．sustaining
正确答案：A
解析：本题为形容词词义辨析题。

binding意为”具有约束力的”；convincing 意为”有说服力的”；restraining意为”克制的”；sustaining意为”持续的，支持的”。

根据题意，binding为正确答案。

15．【B15】
A．authorized
B．credited
C．entitled
D．qualified
正确答案：C
解析：本题为动词词义辨析题。

authorize意为”授权，许可”；credit意为”信赖”，词组be credit to sth.意为”归因于，归咎于”；be entitled to sth./to do sth.意为”使有权、有资格做某事”；be qualified for (doing) sth./to do sth.意为”使胜任于某事”。

根据题意，entitled为正确答案。

16．【B16】
A．with
B．to
C．from
D．by
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。

in safe hands with sb./sth.是固定搭配，意为”因为有负责任的人照看，某人或物会很安全”。

17．【B17】
A．impact
B．incident
C．inference
D．issue
正确答案：D
解析：本题为名词词义辨析题。

impact意为”冲撞，冲击”；incident意为”事
件，事变”；inference意为”推断，推论”；issue意为”问题，论点，争论点”。

根据题意，issue为正确答案。

18．【B18】
A．stated
B．remarked
C．said
D．told
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查对固定搭配的掌握。

...is said to do为常用结构，意为”据说，据悉…”。

19．【B19】
A．what
B．when
C．which
D．that
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查对句子结构的掌握。

that在此作引导词，引导同位语从句witnesses might be encouraged...。

疑问代词what，which和疑问副词when也可以用作引导；但这些引导词在句子里有意义。

故that为正确答案。

20．【B20】
A．assure
B．confide
C．ensure
D．guarantee
正确答案：C
解析：本题为名词词义辨析题。

assure意为”保证，郑重宣告，使确信”，常用于assure sb. of sth.或assure sb. that...结构中；guarantee意为”保证，担保”；ensure 意为”确保”，可用于ensure sb，sth．或ensure sth.以及ensure that...等结构；confide 意为”信赖；交付，交托”。

根据题意及句子结构，ensure为正确答案。

21．If I were in a movie, then it would be about time that I ______ my head in my hands for a cry.
A．bury
B．am burying
C．buried
D．would bury
正确答案：C
解析：本题考查虚拟语气的用法。

在”It is time that+从句”中要求从句的谓语动词用虚拟语气，用一般过去时来表示，意为”该是做…的时候了”，隐含着”催促做某事”的含义。

故buried为正确答案。

22．Good news was sometimes released prematurely, with the British recapture of the port ______ half a day before the defenders actually surrendered.
A．to announce
B．announced
C．announcing
D．was announced
正确答案：B
解析：此题考查非谓语动词的用法。

本句的前半部分说”有时好消息是提前发布的”，后半部分用一个with短语结构来作补充说明，announced作为后置定语，修饰名词recapture。

从逻辑关系上说，recapture是动词announce的宾语，因此应该选用其过去分词形式。

23．According to one belief, if truth is to be known it will make itself apparent, so one ______ wait instead of searching for it.
A．would rather
B．bad to
C．cannot but
D．bad best
正确答案：D
解析：本题考查对句意的理解及短语辨析。

本题要表达”最好”的意思，从四个选项来看，只有had best可表示此意。

因为had best是由had better转化而来，可以将它理解为had better的最高级形式。

would rather意为”宁愿”；had to意为”不得不”；cannot but意为”不能不，不禁要”。

24．She felt suitably humble just as she ______ when he had first taken a good look at her city self, hair waved and golden, nails red and pointed.
A．had
B．had had
C．would have had
D．has had
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查谓语动词的省略及动词的时态。

由于when引导的时间状语从句用的是过去完成时，所以主句只能用过去的时态。

本题中句子的主句用的是一般过去时(felt)，那么其时间状语应用过去完成时，由此可以推断出”所引导的从句也应为过去完成时，即had felt。

为了避免重复，felt可以省略掉，故最佳选项为had。

25．There was no sign that Mr. Jospin, who keeps a firm control on the party despite ______ from leadership of it, would intervene personally.
A．being resigned
B．having resigned
C．going to resign
D．resign
正确答案：B
解析：本题考察介词despite后非谓语动词的用法。

介词despite后应接一个动词性质的词或词组。

由于句中介词后为一动词resign，此处应用其动名词形式。

该动名词的逻辑主语是动作的发出者，且”辞职”是个已经完成了的动作，因此此处应该用动名词的完成时，故选项having resigned为正确答案。

26．So involved with their computers ______ that leaders at summer computer camps often have to force them to break for sports and games.
A．became the children
B．become the children
C．had the children become
D．do the children become
正确答案：D
解析：此题测试倒装句的运用。

当so，such用于句首加强语气时，要用倒装句。

本题中so involved with their computers位于句首，说明孩子们对电脑非常着迷，句中的谓语动词become要部分倒装，由于是一般现在时，因此正确的倒装形式为do the children be come。

27．The individual TV viewer invariably senses that he or she is ______ an anonymous, statistically insignificant part of a huge and diverse audience.
A．everything except
B．anything but
C．no less than
D．nothing more than
正确答案：D
解析：本题测试短语词义辨析及句意理解。

从整个句子来看，作为个体的电视观众总是觉得他(或她)只不过是庞大的观众群体中微不足道的一分子罢了。

因此，此空需要表达”仅仅，只不过”的意思，而在这四个选项中，只有nothing more than有此意；everything except意为”除…之外的所有物”；anything but意为”绝对不”；no less than意为”不少于，简直是”。

故nothing more than为正确答案。

28．One difficulty in translation lies in obtaining a concept match. ______ this is meant that a concept in one language is lost or changed in meaning in translation.
A．By
B．In
C．For
D．With
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查介词的用法。

by this可用作一个承上启下的介词短语，起进一步补充说明的作用，意为”为什么说它是一个难点”。

in this意为”在于此”，与题意不符；for this意为”因此，为此”，在逻辑关系上不合题意；with this意为”到此为止”，后跟接下来发生的动作。

故By为正确答案。

29．Conversation becomes weaker in a society that spends so much time listening and being talked to ______ it has all but lost the will and the skill to speak for itself.
A．as
B．which
C．that
D．what
正确答案：C
解析：本文考查so...that...句型的运用。

so...that...是一个常用的句型，意为”如此…以致…”，可引导表示结果或目的的状语从句。

本题中的so引导一个表示结果的状语从句，故应选that与它搭配。

30．Church as we use the word refers to all religious institutions, ______ they Christian, Islamic, Buddhist, Jewish, and so on.
A．be
B．being
C．were
D．are
正确答案：A
解析：本题考查省略句和倒装结构。

本题中的be引导一个让步状语从句，可理解为whether they may be....的省略倒装形式，另几个选项都不能用于此形式中。

31．He is too young to be, able to ______ between right and wrong.
A．discard
B．discern
C．disperse
D．disregard
正确答案：B
解析：本题为形近动词辨析题。

这一组动词都含有表示否定意义的前缀dis-，但词义差别很大；discard意为”抛弃，摒除”；discern意为”辨别，区分”；disperse
意为”驱散、传播”；disregard意为”不理，漠视”。

根据题意，应选择discern。

32．It was no ______ that his car was seen near the bank at the time of the robbery.
A．coincidence
B．convention
C．certainty
D．complication
正确答案：A
解析：本题是名词辨析题。

coincidence意为”巧合，凑巧”；convention意为”惯例；契约”或”(正式的)会议”；certainty意为”确信无疑，肯定”；complication 意为”纠纷；复杂化”。

劫案发生时他的车就停在被劫的银行附近，这里面肯定有联系，而不是”巧合”。

33．One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships ______ follow traffic rules in busy harbors.
A．cautiously
B．dutifully
C．faithfully
D．skillfully
正确答案：B
解析：本题为副词辨析题。

cautiously意为”小心地，谨慎地”；dutifully意为”尽职地；服从地”；faithfully意为”忠实地，忠诚地”；skillfully意为”熟练地，灵活地”。

只有尽职尽责地遵守航行交通规则，才能确保繁忙港口的航行秩序。

34．The Eskimo is perhaps one of the most trusting and considerate of all Indians but seems to be ______ the welfare of his animals.
A．critical about
B．indignant at
C．indifferent to
D．subject to
正确答案：C
解析：本题为形容词短语词义辨析题。

be critical about意为”对…挑剔”；be indignant at意为”对…愤慨”；be indifferent to意为”对…漠不关心”；be subject to 意为”取决于，服从于”。

本题由两个并列句组成，由表示转折的but连接，前面说爱斯基摩人”最信赖、最体贴他人”，那么与之相对的应是”对他人(或某物)漠不关心”。

35．The chairman of the board ______ on me the unpleasant job of dismissing good workers the firm can no longer afford to employ.
A．compelled
B．posed
C．pressed
D．tempted
正确答案：C
解析：本题为动词短语辨析题。

compelled意为”强迫”；posed意为”提出，陈述”；pressed意为”强迫”；tempted意为”引诱”。

根据题意，应为董事长”强迫”让我去干我不想干的事：虽然compel和press都有”强迫”的意思，但根据句中的介词on可知正确答案为pressed，因为只有press才可以用press sth. on sb.的结构，表示”把…强加于某人”。

36．It is naive to expect that any society can resolve all the social problems it is faced with ______.
A．for long
B．in and out
C．once for all
D．by nature
正确答案：C
解析：本题为介词短语辨析题。

for long意为”长时间地”，常用于否定句和疑问句中；in and out意为”里里外外；彻底地”；once for all意为”一劳永逸地”；by nature意为”从本质上”。

当然只有那种”一劳永逸地”解决社会各种问题的想法是天真的。

37．Using extremely different decorating schemes in adjoining rooms may result in ______ and lack of unity in style.
A．conflict
B．confrontation
C．disturbance
D．disharmony
正确答案：D
解析：本题为近义名词辨析题。

conflict意为”冲突，矛盾”；confrontation意为”对抗”；disturbance意为”扰乱，动荡”；disharmony意为”不和谐”。

根据句意，此处应填入与lack of unity相一致的词，而其他选项都不合题意，因此正确答案为disharmony。

38．The Timber rattlesnake is now on the endangered species list, and is extinct in two eastern states in which it once
A．thrived
B．swelled
C．prospered
D．nourished
正确答案：A
解析：本题为近义动词辨析题。

thrived常用来指人类、动物或植物的繁衍生息；swelled意为”膨胀；肿大”；prospered常用来指生意兴隆；flourished则常用来指植物生长的茂盛。

本句中指的是一种动物(rattlesnake)，因此正确答案为thrived。

39．However, growth in the fabricated metals industry was able to ______ some of the decline in the iron and steel industry.
A．overturn
B．overtake
C．offset
D．oppress
正确答案：C
解析：本题为动词词义辨析题。

overturn意为”推翻，颠覆”；overtake意为”追上，超越”；offset意为”抵消；补偿”；oppress则常用于被动语态，意为”压迫，压制”。

本句中一方在增长，而另一方却在衰退，当然是相互”抵消”了，因此正确答案为offset。

40．Because of its intimacy, radio is usually more than just a medium; it is ______.
A．firm
B．company
C．corporation
D．enterprise
正确答案：B
解析：本题为近义名词辨析题。

firm意为”公司，商号”，常用于英国英语和口语中；company意为”公司；同仁，陪伴，伙伴”；corporation意为”法人团体”，在美国英语中指”股份有限公司”；enterprise则是指”企业”。

本题只有选项”伙伴”符合题意。

41．When any non-human organ is transplanted into a person, the body immediately recognizes it as ______.
A．novel
B．remote
C．distant
D．foreign
正确答案：D
解析：本题为形容词词义辨析题。

novel意为”新奇的，新颖的”remote意为”遥远的；微不足道的”；distant意为”远距离的；冷淡的；恍惚的”；foreign意为”外来的；无关的；异体的”。

根据生理常识，我们也可判断出此题正确答案为foreign。

42．My favorite radio song is the one I first heard on a thick 1923 Edison disc I ______ at a garage sale.
A．trifled with
B．scraped through
C．stumbled upon
D．thirsted for
正确答案：C
解析：本题为动词短语辨析题。

trifled with意为”玩弄，戏耍”；scraped through 意为”擦过，勉强通过”；stumbled upon意为”意外地发现，偶然发现”；thirsted for 意为”渴望”。

由于那张唱片是在一次大甩卖的场所(garage sale)发现的，当然是很”偶然”。

43．Some day software will translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common second language could ______.
A．descend
B．decline
C．deteriorate
D．depress
正确答案：B
解析：本题测试形近动词的辨析。

本题的四个选项中都有前缀de-，表示否定，但不一定直接否定。

descend意为”下来，下降；遗传”；decline指力量、势力、数量或影响力等方面的”衰弱，下降”；它还有”委婉谢绝”的意思；deteriorate 则指病情、工作状况等方面的”恶化，变坏”；depress意为”使沮丧；压抑”。

本题是指对外语需求的”下降”，那么只有decline最合符题意。

44．Equipment not ______ official safety standards has all been removed from the workshop.
A．conforming to
B．consistent with
C．predominant over
D．providing for
正确答案：A
解析：本题为形容词性后置短语辨析题。

conforming to...意为”遵守或符合…”；consistent with．—意为”与”，前后一致的”；predominant over...意为”对…占优势的”；providing for意为”提供，供给；抚养”。

只有不”符合”安全标准的物品才会被搬走。

45．As an industry, biotechnology stands to ______ electronics in dollar volume and perhaps surpass it in social impact by 2020.
A．contend
B．contest
C．rival
D．strive
正确答案：C
解析：本题为动词词义辨析题。

contend意为”竞争；斗争”，如果后接介词for则表示为某一目的斗争；如果后接介词with或against，则表示与某人或某物竞争或斗争；contest为及物动词，后面直接跟竞争或斗争的对象；rival也是及物动词，意为”可与…竞争，与…匹敌，比得上…”；strive是不及物动词，后接介词against或with，表示”与…斗争”，后接介词for，表示”为…奋斗”。

rival含有”可与…相媲美”之意，最符合题意。

46．The authors of the United States Constitution attempted to establish an effective national government while preserving ______ for the states and liberty for individuals.
A．autonomy
B．dignity
C．monopoly
D．stability
正确答案：A
解析：本题为名词词义辨析题。

autonomy意为”自治权，自主权”；dignity 意为”尊严，高贵”；monopoly意为”垄断，独占”；stability意为”稳定，稳固”。

根据题意，此空应填autonomy，使得autonomy for the states与liberty for individuals 并列作preserving的宾语。

47．For three quarters of its span on Earth, life evolved almost ______ as microorganisms.
A．precisely
B．instantly
C．initially
D．exclusively
正确答案：D
解析：本题为副词词义辨析题。

Precisely意为”精确地；严格说来”，instantly 意为”立即地，瞬间地”；initially意为”最初；开始”；exclusively意为”专门地，仅仅”。

根据题意，exclusively为最佳答案。

48．The introduction of gunpowder gradually made the bow and arrow ______, particularly in Western Europe.
A．obscure
B．obsolete
C．optional
D．overlapping
正确答案：B
解析：本题是形容词词义辨析题。

obscure意为”无名的；模糊的；费解的；隐藏的”；obsolete意为”淘汰的，废弃的；过时的”；optional意为”可选择的，随意的”；overlapping意为”重叠的；部分相同的”。

根据题意，弓箭与火药比当然是”过时了”，因此正确答案为obsolete。

49．Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ______ and needs proving.
A．spontaneous
B．hypothetical
C．intuitive
D．empirical
正确答案：B
解析：本题为形容词词义辨析题。

spontaneous意为”自然的，自发的”；hypothetical意为”假说的，臆说的，假定的”；intuitive意为”自觉的”；empirical 意为”只凭经验的，经验主义的”。

根据题意，该理论需要证明，当然只不过是”假说的”。

50．The future of this company is ______: many of its talented employees are flowing into more profitable net-based businesses.
A．at odds
B．in trouble
C．in vain
D．at stake
正确答案：D
解析：本题为介词短语辨析题。

at odds意为”不一致”；in trouble意为”处于困境之中”；in vain意为”徒劳，白费力气”；at stake意为”在危险中，濒于危险”。

由于许多有才能的人才外流，公司的前途当然就”危险”了。

Section II Reading Comprehension
Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. (10 points)
In less than 30 years’ time the Star Trek holodeck will be a reality. Direct links between the brain’s nervous system and a computer will also create full sensory virtual environments, allowing virtual vacations like those in the film Total Re call. (T1)There will be television chat shows hosted by robots, and cars with pollution monitors that will disable them when they offend. (T2)Children will play with dolls equipped with personality chips, computers with in-built personalities will be regarded as workmates rather than tools, relaxation will be in front of smell-television,
and digital age will have arrived. According to BT’s futurologist, Ian Pearson, these are among the developments scheduled for the first few decades of the new millennium (a period of 1,000 years), when supercomputers will dramatically accelerate progress in all areas of life. (T3)Pearson has pieced together work of hundreds of researchers around the world to produce a unique millennium technology calendar that gives the latest dates when we can expect hundreds of key breakthroughs and discoveries to take place. Some of the biggest developments will be in medicine, including an extended life expectancy and dozens of artificial organs coming into use between now and 2040. Pearson also predicts a breakthrough in computers-human links. “By linking directly to our nervous system, computers could pick up what we feel and, hopefully simulate feeling too so that we can start to develop full sensory environments, rather like the holidays in Total Recall or the Star Trek holodeck”, he says. (T4)But that, Pearson points out, is only the start of man-machine integration: “It will be the beginning of the long process of integration that will ultimately lead to a fully electronic human before the next century”. Through his research, Pearson is able to put dates to most of the breakthroughs that can be predicted. However, there are still no forecasts for when faster-than-light travel will be available, or when human cloning will be perfected, or when time travel will be possible. But he does expect social problems as a result of technological advances.
A boom in neighbor hood surveillance cameras will, for example, cause problems in 2010, while the arrival of synthetic lifelike robots will mean people may not be able to distinguish between their human friends and the droids. (T5)And home appliances will also be come so smart that controlling and operating them will result in the breakout of a new psychological disorder—kitchen rage.
51．【T1】
正确答案：届时，将出现由机器人主持的电视谈话节目以及装有污染监控器的汽车，一旦这些汽车排污超标(违规)，监控器就会令其停驶。

52．【T2】
正确答案：儿童将与装有个性化芯片的玩具娃娃玩耍，具有个性内置的计算机将被视为工作伙伴而不是工具，人们将在气味电视机前休闲，那时数字化时代就来到了。

53．【T3】
正确答案：皮尔森汇集世界各地数百位研究人员的成果，编制了一个独特的新技术千年历，它列出了人们有望看到的数百项重大突破和发现的最迟日期。

54．【T4】
正确答案：但皮尔森指出，这个突破仅仅是人机一体化的开始：”它是人机一体化漫长之路的第一步，最终会使人们在下世纪末之前就研制出完全电子化的
仿真机器人”。

55．【T5】
正确答案：家用电器将会变得如此智能化，以至于控制和操作它们会引发一种新的心理紊乱—厨房狂躁症。

Specialisation can be seen as a response to the problem of an increasing accumulation of scientific knowledge. By splitting up the subject matter into smaller units, one man could continue to handle the information and use it as the basis for further research. But specialisation was only one of a series of related developments in science affecting the process of communication. Another was the growing professionalisation of scientific activity. No clear-cut distinction can be drawn between professionals and amateurs in science: exceptions can be found to any rule. Nevertheless, the word “amateur” does carry a connotation that the person concerned is not fully integrated into the scientific community and, in particular, may not fully share its values. The growth of specialisation in the nineteenth century, with its consequent requirement of a longer, more complex training, implied greater problems for amateur participation in science. The trend was naturally most obvious in those areas of science based especially on a mathematical or laboratory training, and can be illustrated in terms of the development of geology in the United Kingdom. A comparison of British geological publications over the last century and a half reveals not simply an increasing emphasis on the primacy of research, but also a changing definition of what constitutes an acceptable research paper. Thus, in the nineteenth century, local geological studies represented worthwhile research in their own right; but, in the twentieth century, local studies have increasingly become acceptable to professionals only if they incorporate and reflect on the wider geo logical picture. Amateurs, on the other hand, have continued to pursue local studies in the old way. The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the wide spread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century. As a logical consequence of this development, separate journals have now appeared aimed mainly towards either professional or amateur readership. A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way. Although the process of professionalisation and specialisation was already well under way in British geology during the nineteenth century, its full consequences were thus delayed until the twentieth century. In science generally, however, the nineteenth century must be reckoned as the crucial period for this change in the structure of science.
56．The growth speeialisation in the 19th century might be more clearly seen in sciences such as ______.
A．sociology and chemistry
B．physics and psychology
C．sociology and psychology
D．physics and chemistry
正确答案：D
解析：短文第二段的最后一句话说：这一趋势指前面所述”十九世纪学科的职业化(professionalisation)使得从事科研活动的非专业人员(amateurs)面临越来越大的困难”在以数学训练和实验室训练为依托的科学领域中显得尤为突出。

因此，考生在对这四个选项进行选择时，应按照一般常识进行判断：相比之下，哪两个学科的科研活动更离不开数学方面的训练或实验室方面的训练。

一般来说，自然科学应更需要数学知识和实验室的训练，所以该题应选择”物理学和化学”。

57．We can infer from the passage that ______.
A．there is little distinction between specialisation and professionalisation
B．amateurs can compete with professionals in some areas of science
C．professionals tend to welcome amateurs into the scientific community
D．amateurs have national academic societies but no local ones
正确答案：B
解析：本题还是可以从第二段的最后一句话得出正确的结论，即非专业人员可以在除了以数学训练和实验室训练为依托的科学领域之外的其它领域与专业人员一争高下。

58．The author writes of the development of geology to demonstrate ______.
A．the process of specialisation and professionalisation
B．the hardship of amateurs in scientific study
C．the change of policies in scientific publications
D．the discrimination of professionals against amateurs
正确答案：A
解析：作者以地质学的发展为例正是要说明第二段中的第三句话：十九世纪专业化的发展意味着非专业人员参与科研活动面临着越来越大的困难，即学科被划分得越来越细，对从事科研活动的人员的职业化要求也越来越高。

因此，”专业化与职业化的发展过程”是作者着重要说明的问题。

59．The direct reason for specialisation is ______.
A．the development in communication
B．the growth of professionalisation
C．the expansion of scientific knowledge
D．the splitting up of academic societies
正确答案：C
解析：根据第一段第一句”专业分工可以看作是对科学知识不断积累问题的
反映”。

选项”科学知识的膨胀”，即专业化是对科学知识日益积累问题的回应，换言之，专业化是在解决科学知识日益积累问题时应运而生的一个方式。

A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-called digital divide—the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic. There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. As the Internet becomes more and mere commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access —after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and more governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we’ve ever had. Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential. To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built its industrial infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to do so. And that is why America’s Second Wave infra structure—including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on—were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, the Dutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financed them. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. I believe the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or any where else for that matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your Third Wave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the better off you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, or letting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing how important they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures needed to take full advantage of the Internet.
60．Digital divide is something ______.
A．getting worse because of the Internet
B．the rich countries are responsible for
C．the world must guard against
D．considered positive today
正确答案：C
解析：作者在短文的开头就对数字化划分(digital divide)进行了界定：即世界被划分成信息富国和信息穷国两部分。

在文章的第二段首句作者写到：从技术的角度讲，我们有理由相信这个数字化界线会变得越来越窄。

这里所讲的技术理由。