状语从句的讲解的状语从句讲解

状语从句的讲解就是用一句话作状语分为：时间，地点，方式，原因，结果，条件，让步，目的，比较一、时间状语从句第一次见到你一见到你我就喜欢上了你直到见到你五岁时见到你When, as, while, before, after, sin ce, till/un til, as soon as nosooner •…than •… scarcely •…when•… hardly •…when•…the minute the second the in sta nt the mome nt by the time 截止immediately in sta ntly directlyeach time every time next time the first time on doing sthwhe nwhile 当…时as2）这时/3）届时、到时I was watch ing TV whe n my cellph one sudde nly rang 这时When I was five years old I could speak five IanguagesThe wet weather will continue tommorow whe n a cold front is expected to arrive 届时到时注意：时间状语从句中动作发生有前后时先发生的用过去完成时Whe n my mother came back I had already gone to bed. 2. while 1 ）从句动词延续性2 ）同时发生3 ）对比的意味“然而” 4）趁着He taught himself while he worked in a bank While we were work ing they were hav ing a rest.对比While they were hav ing a discussi on , they got very con fused. 同时 I want the girls to experie nee that while they are young想让姑娘们体验一下 对比：I prefer black tea, while he likes coffee3. As 1）当…时2） —边...一边 3） 随着As the childre n walked along the street, they sang happily. 当孩子们He sang as he danced 一边 一边 You will grow wiser as you grow older 随着2）前加一段时间直到…才…延续性动词当他在银行上班时 趁着她们还年轻我3）还没来得及4) 要过…时间才I ' II be back before you leaveIt may be many years before we meet aga可能要过很多年我们才能见面inThe stude nts rushed outside before I could fini shed my还没等我讲完wordIt will be three weeks before he fini shed hisworkIt won ' t be long before he finished his work. 用不了多久5. afterAfter my friend got married, she went to live in America6. s ince自从主句一般为现在完成时We ve never met since we graduated from the collegeGreat cha nges have take n place since you left7. till/u ntill 肯定句中可互换直到…为止否定句中只用not…until…直至卜•才Not un til 放句首句子部分倒装（倒装主句）Donald will remain in college until/till he finished his PhD courseDonald won ' t leave college until he finished his PhD courseI won ' t go with you until I finished my homeworkNot un til my mother came back did I go to bed8.as soon asI gave the alarm as soon as I saw the smoke. 一看见冒烟就发出警报He will be set free as soon as the fine is paid9.the minuteThe sec ondThe in sta nt 瞬间片刻立即的立刻的素食的The mome ntThe min ute we got home, the teleph one rang10. no sooner …than …Scarcely …when …Hardly …when--I had no sooner got home tha n it bega n to rain.The fans had hardly see n the movie star whe n they criedThe fans had scarcely see n the movie star whe n they cried注意：他们提前句子部分倒装No sooner had I got home tha n it bega n to rain.Hardly had I got home whe n it bega n to rainScarcely had the fans see n the movie star whe n they criedThe first time I saw you I mistook you for a film starNext time I see you I will tell you the truthEvery time/each time I see this picture I thi nk of my hometow n.12. On+ doi ng —…就…On arriv ing home, he discovered they had gone —至U家发现他们已经走了13.immediately instantly directlyImmediately she had gon e, I remembered her n ame.她刚走幵我就想起了她的名字2 )从句是一般过去时主句用过去完成时By the time you receive this letter, I will have left this cityI shall have fini shed it by the time you come back 你回来以前我就做完了By the time I got there, the bus had already left.注意：as soon as after before 常与过去完成时连用After I had fini shed my homework I went to sleepBefore I went to sleep I had finished my homeworkAs soon as I had fini shed my homework I went ot sleep.但是如果不强调时间的先后都可以用一般过去时After I fini shed my homework I went to sleep/二、地点状语从句一、Where在…地方wherever 无论哪里any where 任何地方everywhere到处1. whereYou should put the book where you found itWe must camp where we can find waterYou had better make a mark where you have any questi ons.2. whereverwherever there is smoke, there is fireplease put the cup wherever that is convinient3. a ny whereYou can put it any where you likeI can ' t stay any where there are a lot of people4. everywhereEverywhere I go, I find the same thi ng. 去到的每一处都看到同样的情况I have searched everywhere there is a clue二、与定语从句的区别状语从句中where是从属连词引导的从句修饰主句的谓语动词整个句子做状语前面无先行词Bamboo grows best in places where it is warm and where it rains often. Bamboo grows best where it is warm and where it rains often.Go back where you came fromGo back to the place where you came2. where引导的状从可放在句首与句末都可而where引导的定语从句只放在句末三、练习1. he advised me to live _____ the air is fresherA. i n whereB.i n whichC. the place whereD. where2. i n peace too, the Red Cross is expected to send help ______ there is huma n suffer ingA. whoeverB.howeverC. whateverD.wherever3. if you are travelling ____ the customs are really foreign to you own. pleasedo as the Roma ns doA. i n whichB. whatC. whe nD. where三、原因状语从句Because since for as now that in that because of 既然鉴于in as much as既然鉴于in so far as鉴于考虑至U considering that seeing that given thatFor the reas on that 由于…原因due to the fact that 由于…事实owi ng to the fact that〔.because 1 ）语气最强常放句末2 ）回答why的问句3）强调句I missed the train because I got up late.He is disappo in ted because he failed aga inBecause he failed aga in so he is disappo in ted 错不能出现so注意;because 前可以加程度副词simply because just merely mainlyIt is because she is too in experie need that she does not know how to dealwith the situati on2.since 语气弱一些表示对方已知的已经存在的原因“既然”常常放句首Since you are not interested, I won ' t tell you about itSi nee no one is aga inst it, we will pass it 通过了3.as “由于’表示较为明显的原因常放句首As you request it , I will come 4. for 1)表示猜测的原因放句末用逗号隔幵2)多用于书面语不表示直接原因对前面的句子附带说明It must have rained last ni ght, for the ground is wet I went to see him, for I had someth ing to tell him. I want to be an engineer,for it ' s my dream5. now that 既然 二since表示新出现的情况促成某事的发生 放句首居多 已经有的情况目前的状况Steven, I heard that the flight ticket to America is cheap recently . Now that you have time, why not we go there together.Now that we can ' t change the fact, let ' s accept it. 6. in that仅因为就因为有限制意味多用于否定中Some old people only remember happy things in that they can this fast societyI don ' t like sports in that I am good at itIn so far as it is not my fault, I don' t care.As it is snowing, youd better take a taxit get used toIn as much as the debtor has no property, I aba ndon my claimShe knows quite a lot about it, considering (that) she is very young. Considering that she is just a child, I am not very strict with her9. seeing that 由于因为鉴于已有情况Seeing that he ' s been sick all week, he is unlikely to come today.Seeing that you live next door to Mr Black, you should recog nize her.Due to the fact thatOwi ng to the fact thatI left that country due to the fact that I can ' t accept its cultureFor the reas on thatOwi ng to the fact that11. given that 由于鉴于Given that you are new here, I will show you around.四、条件状语从句——、If uni ess=if not if only as long as = so long as oncondition (that)in case 假女口以防万一provided (that) = providing (that) suppose (that) = supposing (that)once1. if 如果1 )真实条件句2 ）非真实条件句（虚拟语气）If it doesn ' t rain we will go climbingIf you have any questi on, you can voice them now. 可以提出来主将从先主情从现If I were a bird, I would fly2. unl ess=if notYou will be late, uni ess you hurry二 You ' ll be late, if you don ' t hurry If you don ' t visit him tomorrow, he will be an gry= Un less you visit himtomorrow he ' ll be angryI won' t forgive you uni ess you apologize二 I won' t forgive you, If you don' t apologize3.if only 只要如果要是… 就好了I ' ll let you use my car, if only you return it省略主句用虚拟If only he knew En glish4.i n caseTake a coat in case the weather tur ns cold 主祈使从现In case I forget, please remi nd me about it 女口果我忘了请提醒我I ' ll give you my phone nu mber in case you want to con tact me 主将从现注意：in case of+ 名词表条件以防in that case 在那种情况下In case of rain they can ' t go to the park 万一下雨他们就不能去公园了In that case, he would be puni shed 情况如此他就会收到惩罚As long as it doesn ' t rain, we can go to playAs long as/so long as we don ' t lose heart, we ' ll find a way to overcomethe difficultyYou can go to see the film as/so long as you arrive on time 只要你按时到你就能去看这场电影注意：as long as 还有…之久的意思You can keep it as long as you can = You can keep it as long as possible你可以尽量久地保留它6.on conditiong that 条件是只要I ' ll come on con diton that Amy is in vited too 我可以来条件是艾米也被邀请了7.provided (that)二 provid ing (that)Provid ing there is no objecti on, we shall make a decisi onHe won' t be against us in the meeting provided (that) we ask for his advice只要我们征求他的意见8. suppose (that)=supposing (that) 假女口假设Supposing it rains, shall we visit the museum?Suppose that you are a famous writer, do you like to write such a book?9.on ceI ' ll make friends once I ' m settled in Paris.二、时态的一致He' II be a doctor when he finishes studying here.If it doesn ' t rain tomorrow, we ' II start 出发If you get the book, let me know.If you like, you can stay here for the weeke nd. 在这里过周末If you drink, don ' t drive2. 如果谓语是want hope等动词，则条件状从一般用一般现在时What do you want to do if you have much mon ey?I hope to see her if I ' m free3. 有些句子中主从句都用一般现在时If you ring this number, no one answersIf you press the switch, the computer comes on 女口果你按这个幵关计算机就会启动4. 条件状从中也可用的will表示意愿If you won ' t go, you needn ' t go/won ' t go 如果你不愿意去，那就不去If you ' ll just wait a moment, I ' ll find some one to help you 如果你愿意等一会我会找人帮你五、目的状语从句So that in order that lest 以免for fear that 唯恐so that in case以免1. so that 为了I spoke slowly so that you could un dersta nd me.2.i n order that 为了She raised her voice in order that she might be heard= she raised her voice so that she might be heard注意：in order that 与so that 可以改为不定式做目的状语二in order to do so as to do to do She raised her voice so as to be heard 因为so as to do 不可以放句首In order to be heard she raised her voice = she raised her voice in orderto be heardTo be heard she raised her voice = she raised her voice to be heardI was afraid to open the door lest he should follow me4. for fear (that) 常与虚拟连用for fear that sb should/may/might do Shut the win dow for fear that it may rainHe took an umbrella with him for fear that it might rain5.i n caseHe took a gun in case he met any wild an imals 他带上枪以防遇至悝予兽6. so这样为了Come to my house so I could tell you all about itHe wrote the Bible in Enlish so all could read it7. thatLet' s take the front seats that we may see more clearly.六、结果状语从句一、So…that such …that so that that so1. so…that如此以至于中间加形容词和副词He worked so hard that he passed the exam注意:1）So 位于句首句子倒装He was injured so badly that he had to be sent to the hospital. So badly was he injured that he had to be sent to the hospital The novel was so boring that he gave up reading it So boring was the novel that he gave up reading it 2）如果结果状从是 否定可以替换成too …to..句型David was so careless that he didn ' t find the mistakes in his test paper. David was too careless to find the mistakes in his test paper.He was such a fool that he made a terrible mistakeThis book is written in such easy English that even little children can un dersta nd it.注意:such 位于句首倒装Such a good boy is he that we all love him注意：当有形容词的时候1）中间加单数可数名词it gave him such a shock that his face tur ned white使他如此震惊以至于他的脸都白了They were so excited that they cried out如此激动以至于大喊大叫形容词副词This is such a useful dicti onary that This is so useful a dicti onary thatHe is such a clever boy that all the teachers like him He is so clever a boy that all the teachers like him 2) 中间加不可数名词只用 such对 He showed such concern that people took him to be a friend他展示出女口此的关心人们都把他当朋友了错 He showed so concern that people took him to be a friend 对 It is such nice weather that all of us want to go to the park 错 It is so nice weather that all of us want to go to the park3) .中间是负数可数名词They are such difficult problems that I don' t know how to settle them.He made such a lot of mistakes that he had to give up They are such fine teachers that we all respect them 4) 中间是 much little many few 时Such a little boy has so little difficulty in working out this difficultproblem that I admire him very much 这样小的孩子解这道题遇到如此少的困难我很羡慕他He had so much work to do that he had to work late into the ni ght There are so few notebooks the I can ' t give you any笔记本太少 以至于我一本也不能给你There are many kinds of bikes that I don' t know which to buyI ' m thinking of buying it I ' m thinking of buying it5) such= so + adjHis voice is such that we cant bear it3. so thatHe worked hard so that he passed the examI stayed up late last night so that I feel sleepy now4. that 以至于The weather is terribly hot that I want to have a shower three times a day5. so 以至于结果He played computer games every day so he failed the final exam二、so that 即引导目的状语从句也引导结果状语从句目的为了结果以至于结果…目的状从中常和can could may might will would 等情态动词连用The little boy saved every coin so that he could buy his mother a present 能够买The little boy saved every coin so that he bought his mother a present ，每一枚硬币结果买了He always studied hard so that he may make great progress 这样他才可以取得（目的）He always studied hard so that he made great progress 结果他取得了很大进步七、让步状语从句Though Although Even if Even though as while However+adj/adv= no matter howWhatever 二 no matter what whoever 二 no matter who whomever 二no matter whomWhichever 二no matter which wherever 二no matter where whenever 二no whe nDespite in spite ofAlthough/though he is tired, he (still) keeps on working hard 2. as Though 用倒装表示让步尽管虽然1) .倒装名词Although/though he is a child, he can speak five Ian guages Child though/as he is, he can speak five Ian guages 2) 倒装副词Although/though he works hard, he makes little progress Hard though/as he works, he makes little progress 3) 倒装动词Although/though you may object, I ' ll carry out the experiment. Object though/as you may, I ' ll carry out the experiment. 4) 倒装形容词Tired though/as he is, he (still) keeps on work ing hardAmaz ing as it may seem Wedn esday ni ght was a quiet ni ght. 3. while 尽管虽然While I un dersta nd your point of view, I do not share itmatter尽管我理解你的观点但是我不苟同We II make a trip even if/even though the weather is bad. 我们也要做一次旅行You should try to be nice to him, eve n though you don他好Even though/ Even if it is raining, I' ll go to work 班即使天气不好t like him 尽量对尽管下雨我也要去上Even if 与even though可用于虚拟语气中Even if/Even though I were ill, I would attend the meeting也要去参加会议Even if/Even though I am ill, I will attend the meeting要参加会议5. despite 尽管二in spite of + 名词引状语Despite I miss him, I refused to call himIn spite of him ill ness, he still went to see his girlfrie nd.6. h owever + adj/adv = no matter how+ adj/adv 无论怎么No matter how difficult the problem may be, we will overcome it.即便是我生病我即使我生病了我也尽管t catch up with him7.no matter which= whichever 无论哪个No matter which/whichever you like best, you have.无论你喜欢哪个你都可以拥有8. no matter who二whoever 无论谁No matter who/ whoever you are, you must obey the law9. no matter whe n= whe never 无论何时No matter whe n/whe never she comes, she says the same words 无论她什么时候来她都说同样话10. no matter whom=whomever 无论谁Whomever/ No matter whom you ask, you will not get the an swerNo matter where he goes, he always carry his suitcase 手提箱注意：whatever系列可以引导宾从no matter 系列不可以对You can buy whatever you like错You can buy no matter what you like八、方式状语从句一、用法As if as though just as as tht way in the way(in) the same way just as …so … like1.like 像…You talked just like your father does( 省略谓语）He looked like he had seen a ghost 他看起来好像见了鬼似的You talked just like your father does( 省略谓语）She acts as though she owns the placeShe treats him as if he was her own son 他对待他就像自己的亲生儿子一样3.just as 就像I fini shed the work just as you toldme4. as就像He must do as the doctor advised 他必须按照医生说的去做When in Rome do as the Roma nsdo5.just as …so…就像Just as you sow, so shall you reapJust as some people like sports, so some people like music正如有些人喜欢体育有些人喜欢音乐6.the way …方式You should operate the mach ine the way you were told 操作这台机器7.i n the wayWe must solve this problem in the way that we want it to 想要方式解决问题8.( in) the same wayHe is behav ing (in) the same way his father used to用你被告知的方式去我们必须按照我们他的行为和他父亲过去、特殊情况He acted as if he were brave 他表现的似乎很勇敢（与事实不符）It looks as if it ' s going to rain 看上去好像要下雨了（与事实相符）It sounds as though the situati on would get worse. 听起来好像情况会恶化似的（与将来事实不符2. 从句的省略（当主从句的主语一致时）He looked at me as if he were madHe looked at me as if mad但是He looked at me as if I were mad 不可以改He rushed outside as if he is to cryHe rushed outside as if to cryHe lay on ground as if he were deadHe lay on ground as if deadHe always knows everything as if he does it by instinetHe always knows everyth ing as if by in st inct九、比较状语从句一、用法As・・・as not as/so …as more …tha n less tha n the more …the more more and more no more tha n not more tha n1. as …asHe speaks English as fluently as his brother （does）2. not as/so …asI can ' t jump so/as high as he (does)I ' m not as pretty as my sister (is)3. more tha nHe speaks English more fluently than his brother(does)Don' t carry more books tha n we n eed4」ess …tha nJoseph is less hon est tha n his brother (is hon est)5.the more …the more 越…就越…The more you eat, the fatter you areThe more you do, the less pleased he is二、特殊用法more tha n1. more tha n 放数词前“超过；不止；以上”二overMore tha n 70 perce nt of the surface of our pla net is covered by water. 我们这个星球表面有70%以上都为水所覆盖2. more than 放名词前“不只是；不仅仅”Hiber nati on is more tha n sleep. 冬眠不仅仅是睡眠。