北京市中国人民大学附属中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期中考试英语试题

人大附中2021-2022学年度第一学期高二年级英语期中练习
说明：本试卷共3道大题53道小题，共10页，满分100分，考试时间90分钟。

请同学们务必将答案写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答无效。

第一部分：知识运用（共三节，38分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面的短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

When I was ten, we moved to a new house across town. Mark, one of the 1 boys, came over with his Star Wars action figures. Obi-Wan Kenobi's lightsaber lit up and he could swing his arms and say, in a tinny voice, "Use the Force!" I didn't think the figure looked much like the real Obi-Wan at all. Together, we watched him repeat this performance five times on the coffee table.
"Can he do anything else?” I asked.
Mark was 2 by my question. "Look at all the details," he said.
I looked at the details. I wasn't sure what I was supposed to say.
Mark was disappointed by my response. “Show me your toys.”
I didn't have any toys 3 my paper menagerie. I brought Laohu out from my bedroom. By then he was very worn, patched all over with tape and glue, evidence of the years of repairs Mo m and I had done on him. He was no longer as nimble (敏捷的)and 4 as before. I carefully sat him down on the coffee table. I could hear the skittering steps of the other animals behind in the hallway, timidly peeking into the living room.
"Xiao laohu," I said, and stopped. I switched to English."This is Tiger." Cautiously, Laohu strode up and purred at Mark, sniffing his hands.
Mark 5 the Christmas-wrap pattern of Laohu's skin. "That doesn't look like a tiger at all. Your Mom makes toys for you from trash?",
I had never thought of Laohu as 6 . But looking at him now, he was really just a piece of wrapping paper.
Mark pushed Obi-Wan's head again. The lightsaber flashed; he moved his arms up and down. "Use the Force!"
Laohu turned and pounced, knocking the plastic figure 7 the table. It hit the floor and broke,and Obi-Wan's head rolled under the couch.
"Rawwww," Laohu laughed. I 8 him.
Mark punched me, hard. "This was very expensive! You can't even find it in the stores now. It probably cost more than what your Dad paid for your Mom!"
I stumbled and fell to the floor. Laohu growled and leapt at Mark's face.
Mark screamed, more out of fear and surprise than 9 . Laohu was only made of paper, after all. Mark grabbed Laohu and his snarl was choked off as Mark crumpled him in his hand and tore him in half. He balled up the two pieces of paper and threw them at me. "Here's your stupid cheap Chinese garbage."
After Mark left, I spent a long time trying, without 10 , to tape together the pieces,
smooth out the paper, and follow the creases to refold Laohu. Slowly, the other animals came into the living room and gathered around us, me and the torn wrapping paper that used to be Laohu.
1.A. classmate B. neighborhood C. school D. camp
2. A. annoyed B. excited C. interested D. troubled 固扰的
3.A. besides B. except C. until D. before
4. A. self-excited B. power-driven C. strong-willed D. sure-footed
5. A. examined B. played C. held D. looked
6.A. toy B. handicraft C. trash D. gift
7 A. away B. down C. beyond D. off
8.A. blamed B. applauded C. laughed D. joined
9. A. pain B. sadness C. anger D.envy
10. A. effort B. failure C. difficulty D.success
第二节语法填空（共10小题：每小颙1分，共10分）
阅读下列句子，在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

A
It seems that I have an active social life, attending parties and playing sports, but I'm distracted,because I strongly obsess over my phone. Social networking dominates my life. However, spending too much time__ 11__ (socialize) online I always feel depressed and alone. I am barely the only one who feels and behaves this way. ____12__ _ is really worrying me is that no one can drop their phone because it is indispensable for present studies and life. Therefore, we are facing a situation,___13__ we are wired up but more disconnected than ever.
B
Jason, who was a wealthy college professor for 16 years, gave away all his money to charities a few years ago, ___14___ he thought brought him happiness and a sense of success in life. He was tired of being regarded as living a successful life, ___15___a person who had everything while many people had nothing. He said what he wanted was to live simply and be helpful to others. Jason is one of the people who turn their backs on their millions and found other forms of success in their lives. In their eyes, success ___16___ (not measure) by how much money one has but by how one understands the true meaning of life.
C
Here are five easy" ways to improve our environment. Use your legs. In 2014, over 55% of car journeys were ___17____ eight kilometers, so you could easily walk or cycle. Use public transport. Up to 90 people can travel in one bus, ___18___ the same number will need at least 18 cars. If there isn't any __19___ (necessary) to travel in small parties, why
not relax, read or nap during the commute?Think before you go. Before you get into your car, think about __20____ you really need to make that journey. Share cars. If you really have to use a car, share journeys with someone else. Take action! Don't just sit around and complain.
第三节选词填空（共13小题；每小题1分，共13分）
阅读下面的两段短文，掌握其大意，从方框中选择适当的词并用正确的形式填空。

strive for greatness wipe out die out be committed to be to blame in one's attempt to get ahead up to in short take action set so apart at risk of boil down to
A
Why do Olympic athletes push themselves to the limits? One of the Olympic triathletes personifies the phrase herself.
To get to the top, she has made an endless list of sacrifices and it ___21__ this: she was born with an enormous amount of drive and determination. From a small girl, she would stay in at lunchtime just to __22__ on class work; she would ride on the bus on her own at ten years old and go to swim 100 length is of the pool. This was time she could have spent with friends, playing and engaging in other pursuits. Later, 23 achieve glory in professional, she had undergone much physical and mental intensity. However, inspired
by another stellar triathlete, she was always willing to do an extra little bit during her every workout, which gradually 24 from the other competitors.
Having been through fears and tears, she never regrets. To reach the winner's platform, athletes should 25 their sport. It is hard to live a life in a normal and balanced way, but these words are not used for the athletes who 26 .
B
Human beings are no stranger to extinctions, where entire species ___27__. In the last 500 million years, there have been five times when life on Earth has almost ended. According to scientists, we are now entering the Earth's sixth mass extinction, for which human activity will ___28__.
There is a long list of reasons why so many species ___29___: pollution, deforestation, farming and overfishing. It is clear that human activity has negatively affected all other species on Earth. If a sixth mass extinction occurs, scientists believe that ___30___ three quarters of all species on Earth could become extinct. In turn, as we humans depend on so many species for our survival, we would also be ___31__ extinction.
However, it's not too late to ___32__ now. We need to take steps to set up nature and wildlife reserves, make good use of wind and solar energy, and reduce our carbon footprint. ___33____, if we want to survive, we need to stop destroying the planet that we live on and start to protect it.
第二部分：阅读理解（共三节，42分）
第一节阅读选择（共11小题；每题2分，共22分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

A
Early in my senior year at Whitney Young, I went for an obligatory(强制的)appointment with the school college counselor to whom I'd been assigned. I can't tell you much about the counselor,because I deliberately and almost instantly blotted this experience out. I don't remember her age or race or how she happened to look at me that day when I turned up in her office doorway, full of pride at the fact that I was on track to graduate in the top 10 percent of my class at Whitney Young, that I'd been elected treasurer of the senior class, made the National Honor Society, and managed to vanquish（击败，征服）every doubt I'd arrived with as a nervous ninth grader.
I don't remember whether she inspected my transcript（成绩报告单）before or after I announced my interest in joining my brother at Princeton the following fall. It's possible, in fact, that during our short meeting the college counselor said things to me that might have been positive and helpful, but I recall none of it. Because rightly or wrongly, I got stuck on one single sentence the woman uttered.“I'm not sure,”she said, giving me a careless, patronizing(居高临下的) smile,“that you're Princeton material.”
Her judgment was as swift as it was dismissive, probably based on a quick-glance calculus involving my grades and test scores. It was some version. I imagine, of what this woman did all daylong and with practiced efficiency, telling seniors where they did and didn't belong. I'm sure she figured she was only being realistic. I doubt that she gave our conversation another thought.
But as I've said, failure is a feeling long before it's an actual result. And for me, it felt like that's exactly what she was planting –a suggestion of failure long before l'd even tried to succeed. She was telling me to lower my sights.
But three years of keeping up with the ambitious kids at Whitney Young had taught me that I was something more. I wasn't going Io let one person's opinion dislodge （强行移除）everything I thought I knew about myself. I would apply to Princeton. Then I settled down and got back to work.
And ultimately, six or seven months later, a letter arrived in our mailbox on Euclid Avenue,offering me admission to Princeton. I never went to the college counselor to tell her she'd been wrong—that I was Princeton material after all. It would have done nothing for either of us. And in the end, I hadn't needed to-show her anything. I was only showing myself.
34. How did the author feel when she arrived at the counselor's office?
A. nervous
B. proud
C. discouraged
D.excited
35. What did she remember about things he counsel or said to her?
A. positive and helpful suggestions
B. praise of her grades and test scores
C. realistic plans of college application
D. judgment of where she didn't belong
36. What made her successful admission to Princeton?
A. belief in herself
B. lowering her sights
C. help from her teacher
D. support from her parents
B
Something has changed at a workplace cafeteria in Birmingham. Next to the sandwiches and hot and cold dishes is a small globe symbol, coloured green, orange or red with a letter in the centre from A to E. “Meet our new eco-labels” a sign reads. Researchers at Oxford University have analysed the ingredients in every food item on the menu and given the dishes an environmental impact score, vegetable soup (an A) to the lemon, spring onion, cheese and tuna bagel(an E). They team up with the food services business Compass Group for a trial at more than a dozen of its cafeterias across the UK to see if a label can change the way people eat.
The challenge for the scientists designing the trial is the image the diners see on the signs. How much information do you include in a label? How do you strike a balance between effective and practical?
During the pandemic, researchers ran studies on an online supermarket where people were given fake money to complete their fake shopping list. The trial gave a sense of what labels were more likely to sway people to buy eco-friendly. They round the most effective
way to get people not to buy an item was to use a dark red globe symbol with the word "worse" printed on it. But while effective, it had real world limitations. "You're not going to be able to get anyone to use that unless you threaten them with legislation, because they don't want to say 'don't buy this',"said Brian Cook, the leader of the research.
The next challenge is the scale, especially in supermarkets. Going through tens of thousands of products and countless ingredients, determining the environmental impact in a supermarket would be a Herculean(艰巨的) task. To make it easier, the research team finally decided on four indicators for the trial's formula: greenhouse gas emissions, biodiversity loss, water pollution, and water use. They weighted each indicator equally in their equation for overall impact.
In most cases, the researchers say the biggest environmental impact will be to get people off meat. "Given that the goal is to get people to shift behaviour the most correct and scientifically reliable approach may actually not be the best approach." Clark said. He has considered that a national rollout of labels might need to be based on indicators already prioritised by businesses and mandated (强制执) by governments, to make the move as easy as possible.
37. What has changed at a workplace cafeteria i Burmingham?
A. Food is marked from A to E according to its nutrition.
B. Dishes are displayed with an environmental impact score.
C. The ingredients in every food item are regularly analysed.
D. The restaurant reopened with a sign "Meet our new eco-labels".
38.Which is true about the image on the signs?
A. The image does not affect consumers’ opinion
B. The dark red globe symbol is a threat to the law.
C. An effective image might not be a practical one.
D. The image must carry as much information as possible
39.In order to get people off meat, researchers have to ________
A. damage the interest of the business in food industry
B. put more weight on the indicator of greenhouse gas emissions
C. combine the benefit for business and the order of the government
D. consider whether the approach is supported by scientific evidences
40. What is the best title of the passage?
A. Eco-friendly, Start from Food
B. Off Meat, We Will Be Healthy
C. Eco-labels, A New Way We Eat
D Globe Symbol, A New Trend for Business
C
The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic is the latest episode in a string of environment-borne human tragedies, disastrous in its weight, reach, and results. We believe that the current pandemic, the following lockdown, and the post lockdown bustle to return to normalcy will have vital positive and negative consequences for biodiversity conservation furthermore, we believe that these results present an opportunity to learn important lessons for how to deal with future crises.
Conservation development projects requiring a mandatory（强制的）human presence, such as inspection of protected areas, treatments of diseases of wild plants and animals, and destruction of invasive alien species, may take a backseat. Without protection and with added pressures produced by humans owing to the mass migration and unemployment in the biodiversity-rich developing world, the_species and habitats of concern may he in danger of hunting, mining, logging, and diseases. For example, centuries-old coral reefs in the Caribbean are irreversibly damaged as a result of the lack of treatment against fungal diseases.
In contrast, a reduction in tourism and human presence may help species sensitive to pressure from to human thrive. Anecdotal evidence suggests that the lockdown has resulted in increase pregnancies in zoo animals, reintroduction programs of vulnerable species, and increased sightings of wildlife close to human inhabitation from around the world.
There has also been a significant decrease in noise pollution since the lockdown. Noise pollution is also known to reduce diversity, changing the community structure and
interspecific interactions. Studies before the lockdown have shown that noise pollution is not just an urban problem but also pervades more remote locations, including protected areas, where anthropogenic sound levels are often double the natural background noise levels. The problem can be more acute in aquatic environments because noise travels faster and farther in water.
The rapid and visible changes in environment within a few weeks of the lockdown were surprising even for experts, which should create an optimistic attitude toward biodiversity conservation. The pandemic has shown us that seemingly extreme solutions and their implementation（执行）, such as a mandatory lockdown of human activities for a specific duration every year, may restore the planetary environment, even if for the time being if nothing else, such temporary solutions will delay the tipping points of future environmental crises. The scientific community will need to lead from the front, in creating solutions and in steering the sociopolitical will required to carry out these solutions for a more _long-lasting process of environmental conservation. In the absence of such realization, the environment and biodiversity conservation may take an even further backseat in national and international agenda in the post-COVID-19 world.
41. The coronavirus disease pandemic threatens biodiversity conservation because__________.
A. the lockdown has resulted in pew births of species
B. people are busy hunting and mining during pandemic
C. the pandemic changes the ways of communication among species
D. People are in dilemma for protection of biodiversity during the lockdown
42. What does the underlined word in paragraph 4 probably mean?
A. obsess over
B. spread through
C. associate with
D. wipe out
43. We can learn from the last paragraph that the author ____________.
A. hopes to have long-lasting lockdown of human activities
B. is challenging the extreme solutions in biodiversity protection
C. has a concern about international agenda in the post-COVID-19 world
D. believes that temporary lockdown will slow the pace of environmental
44.Which of the following shows the development of ideas in this passage?
CP: Central Point P: Point Sp: Sub-point(次要点）C: Conclusion
第二节任务型阅读（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

The Effects of A Warmer World Are Visible in Animals' Bodies
For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defences may help mitigate the effects of a warm world. 45 In a paper published in Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara
Ryding, a phd candidate at Deakin University, in Australia, shows that is already happening. Climate change is already altering the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks, limbs and ears. In some species of Australian parrot, for instance, beak size has increased by between 4 % and 10 % since 1871.
All that dovetails (吻合）nicely with evolutionary theory. “Allen's rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded-animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附属物) than those in less hot regions 46 For example，Fennec foxes，which are native to the Sahara desert, have strikingly large ears,
especially compared with their Arctic cousins.
Ms Ryding examined museum specimens, comparing their bodies to those of their modern counterparts. She is not the first researcher to take that approach. ____47___ All sorts of other factors, from changes in prey to the evolving reproductive preferences of males or females, might possibly have been driving the changes. Her team combined data from different species in different places.Since they have little in common apart from living on a warming planet, she says, climate change is the most reasonable explanation.
_48_ Researchers have already seen changes in the geographical range of many species, from insects to fish. Another evolutionary rule-of-thumb, Bergmann's rule, holds that animals in hotter places tend to have smaller bodies, another way to boost the ratio between surface area and volume.Other animals may alter their behaviour as well as their bodies, such as by seeking shelter at hot times of the day.
Studying a broader range of animals will help firm up exactly what is happening. Much of Ms Ryding's data concern birds, with less information available for other taxa ( 类群). But it seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are used to. 49
A. And there are other ways to adapt, too.
B. The animals living in it will look different, too.
C. Larger wings are heavier, and bigger legs cost more energy to grow.
D. Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour.
E. But it is hard to prove that climate change was the cause of an anatomical (结构上的) change.
F. Since any evolutionary adaptation comes with trade-offs, it is unclear how far the process might go.
G. Such adaptations boost an animal's surface area relative to its body volume, helping it to shed excess heat.
第三节阅读回答问题（共3小题，10分）
阅读下面的两篇短文，根据短文内容回答问题。

Story One
Once upon a time a psychology professor walked around on a stage while teaching stress management principles to an auditorium filled-with students.As she raised a glass of water, everyone expected they'd be asked the typical glass half empty or glass half full question. Instead, with a smile on her face, the professor asked "How heavy is this glass of water I'm holding?"
Students shouted out answers ranging from eight ounces to a couple pounds. She replied, "From my perspective, the absolute weight of this glass doesn't matter. It all depends on how long I hold it. If I hold it for a minute or two. it's fairly light. If I hold it for an hour straight, its weight might make my arm ache a little. If I hold it for a day straight, my arm will likely cramp up （抽筋）and feel completely numb and paralyzed, forcing me to
drop the glass to the floor. In each case, the weight of the glass doesn't change, but the longer I hold it, the heavier it feels to me."
As the class nodded their heads in agreement, she continued, Your stresses and worries in life are very much like this glass of water. Think about them for a while and nothing happens. Think about them a bit longer and you begin to ache a little. Think about them all day long, and you will feel completely numb and paralyzed – incapable of doing anything else until you drop them."
Story Two
One day a bright student wishing to be successful put this question to Socrates(苏格拉底）.
“Teacher, I have studied many years with you and ev en though I have learned many things I still have not learned the secret to success or what it really takes to be successful. Please train me in this mystery.”
Socrates looked at his student with a thoughtful expression and after a long pause, he responded. “My son, the secret is within each one of us if we only truly want it. If you walk-with me, I will take you to the river of life and show you.”
They walked side by side in silence for a while and upon reaching the river Socrates spoke. “My son, bend do wn here by-the edge of the river and stare deeply at these flowing waters." As the student bent down beside the river Socrates took him by the neck and
plunged his head into the water. After only a few seconds (that felt like eternity to the young man), he started struggling to get his head out of the water, gasping for a breath. After a couple of minutes, suddenly some inner strength burst into the young man and he pushed himself out of the water and gulped in precious air. After a few deep breaths he composed himself and pondered what had just happened. Was his teacher mad at him? What other reason would he act so strange?
The student blurted out, "Why did you do that?!"
Socrates answered rhetorically, "While your head was underwater, what was the one thing you wanted more than anything in life?"
“To take a breath of air to be able to stay alive,” he said.
“It is just as I told you earlier, the secret to success is already inside all of us. W hen you desire success as much as you wanted that breath of air, you will be successful.”
50. What is the moral(寓意，教益）of the first story? (2分）
51. As teachers in these two stories, what approach do the psychology professor and Socrates share in common to inspire their students? (3分)
52. What is the moral of the second story?How do you understand it? (5分)
第三部分：书面表达（共20分）
假如你是红星中学高二学生李华，请给你校的美国交换生Jim写一封信，邀请他参加近期在北京国家会议中心举行的一年一度的茶博会。

邮件的内容包括：
1.时间，地点，内容（品茶叶，赏茶器等）；
2.说明你邀请他的原因；
注意：1.100字左右；
2.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

提示词：茶博会China Beijing Tea Expo；国家会议中心National Conference Center Dear Jim
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
Yours Li Hua。