Could you please tell me where the -英语九年级上册

Unit 3 Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?
请问你能告诉我洗手间在哪里吗?
知识详解
Section A
①Could you please tell me where the restrooms are?请问你能告诉我洗手间在哪里吗? (教材P17标题)
②Excuse me, could you please tell me how to get to the bookstore? 打扰一下,请问你能告诉我怎样去书店吗? (教材P17 1c) 问路的常用句型
讲”Could you please tell me where...?"与“Could you please tell me how to get to...?"意为”请问你能告诉我······在哪里吗／怎样去······吗?”,是问路的常用句型.
»Excuse me, could/can you please tell me how to get to the hospital?打扰了,请问你能告诉我怎样去医院吗?
拓(1)问路的常用句型还有:
①Could/Can you tell me the way to...?你能告诉我去···的路吗?
②Could/Can you tell me how I can get to...?你能告诉我怎样能到······吗?
③ Which is the way to...,please?请问哪条是去······的路?
④Is there a/an...near here?这儿附近有·····吗?
⑤Where is...,please?请问······在哪里?
(2)指路的常用表达有:
①Go along/down this road/street.沿着这条路／街走.
②Turn left/right at the+序数词＋crossing/turning.在第······个十字路口／拐弯处向左／右转.
③It's next to/beside/across from..,它紧挨着······/它在······旁边／它在······对面
Could you please+动词原形＋...?
讲该句型意为“请你······好吗?”,用于礼貌地提出请求,please后接动词原形,其肯定回答常用”With pleasure./Of course./No problem./OK.";否定回答常用”Sorry, I have to.../ Sorry, I'm afraid I can't.".
»-Alice, could you please pass me the pen? I want to write a letter.艾丽斯,你能把钢笔递给我吗?我想写封信.
-OK. Here you are.好的,给你.
buy some stamps 买一些邮票(教材P17 1a) stamp/stæmp/n.邮票;印章
»I want a 50-cent stamp.我想要一张50分的邮票.
»He put a date stamp on the paper.他在纸上盖了一个日期戳.
拓［动词］跺脚
»The audience stamped and shouted.观众又是跺脚又是大声叫喊.
Sure, just go along Main Street until you pass Center Street.当然,就沿着主大街走,直到你经过中心大街.
(教材P17 1c) go along 沿着······向前走
讲是指路的常用表达,同义短语有go down、walk along/down等.
»Go along the road and turn left at the first crossing.沿着这条路走,然后在第一个十字路口左拐.
»Go down the street and you can find the shop.沿街前行,你会找到那家商店的.
until的用法
讲［连词］直到······为止引导时间状语从句.其用法有:
(1)用于肯定句,表示主句的动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止.(此时可与till互换,且主句的谓语动词要用延续性动词).
»Before you get off the bus, you should wait until it has stopped.你应该等公共汽车停了再下车.
(2)用于否定句,构成”not…until..."结构,意为“直到······才·····”,表示主句的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生.(此时可与till互换,且主句的谓语动词通常为非延续性动词).
»She won't leave until/till the rain stops.直到雨停她才会离开.非延续性动词
拓［介词］直到······为止
后接表示时间的词或短语.
»He waited until midnight.他一直等到午夜.
»He didn't go home until 12o'clock,他直到十二点才回家.
典例1根据句意及首字母提示填写单词.
It is said that erhu did not get its name u_______ the late Qing Dynasty.
解析:句意:据说二胡直到晚清时期才得名.not...until..."直到······才·····”,故填until.
pass v.经过,通过
»I invited him in when he passed my house last time.上次他路过我家时我请他进来了.
»We passed through the gates into a courtyard behind.我们穿过几道门进了后面的院子.
拓pass的常用含义还有:
»Pass me some salt, please.=Pass some salt to me, please,请递给我一些盐.
»The days passed slowly.日子慢慢地过去.
»I think Jerry will pass the exam this time.我想杰里这次会通过考试的.
The bookstore is on your right, beside the bank.书店就在你的右手边,在银行的旁边. (教材P17 1c) beside/b ɪ'sa ɪd/ prep.在······旁边;在······附近
辨 beside 与 besides 两者均为介词.
Go past the bookstore.经过书店. (教材P18 2a) go past 经过
讲相当于pass(by),其中past 为介词,意为“经过”.
»Will you go past/pass by my house on your way home?你回家的路上会经过我家吗?
»We drove past the house.我们开车经过那座房子.
拓past[
介词］晚于,在······之后
»It's half past ten.现在10点半.
辨past, across, through 与 over
Pardon?什么? (教材P18 2d) pardon/'pa:(r)dn/v.原谅interj.请再说一遍
讲(1)[感叹词］常用于表示没有听清楚或不理解对方所说的内容,请求对方再重复一遍,语气比较委婉,读时用升调.”Pardon?"相当于”I beg your pardon?"或”Pardon me?",意为”什么,请再说一遍”.
»-Pardon? I didn't catch what you said.请再说一遍,我没听清你说的话.
-I said we should go earlier.我说我们应该早点儿去.
(2)[及物动词］原谅
pardon sb. for(doing)sth.原谅某人(做)某事
»Pardon me for saying so, but you don't look well.请原谅我这么说,你看上去气色不好.
典例2 (济南市历下区期中)-Excuse me, could you please tell me where the nearest bank is?
-_________ I didn't hear you clearly.
A. Pardon me?
B. Thank you.
C. Come on.
D. You're welcome.
解析;句意:”打扰一下,请问你能告诉我最近的银行在哪里吗?”“请再说一遍.我没听清你说的话.”根据空后的”I didn't hear you clearly"可知,此处应用”Pardon me?”“.故选A.
In China, we normally say " toilet" or “washroom" in English.在中国,我们通常用英语说”toilet"或”washroom". (教材P18 2d) normally/'no:(r)məli/adv.通常;正常情况下
讲［副词］由”normal(adj.正常的)＋-ly(后缀)”构成.
»The journey normally takes about two hours.这段旅程通常需要大约两小时.
»Normally, every hour you ride, you need to pay one yuan.正常情况下,你每骑一小时,需要付1元钱.
拓normal[形容词］正常的可作定语或表语.
»People began to live a normal life after the earthquake.地震过后人们开始过上了正常的生活.
»It's normal to feel nervous before an exam.考试之前觉得紧张是正常的.
You don't need to rush!你不必着急！(教材P18 2d) rush/rʌʃ/v.& n.仓促;急促
讲(1)[动词］仓促;急促
rush to do sth.匆忙做某事
rush out of 冲出······
»Firefighters rushed to the accident scene.消防员们迅速赶到事故现场.
»There was little time left, so they rushed to catch the bus.时间很少了,所以他们急急忙忙去赶公共汽车.
»He rushed out of the room when the bell rang.铃响了,他冲出房间.
(2)[名词］仓促,匆忙;繁忙
in a rush 仓促;匆忙
at rush hour在(上下班时的)交通高峰期
»When you're in a rush, it's easier to make mistakes.你在匆忙之中更容易犯错.
I was scared at first, but shouting did help.开始时我很害怕,但是大喊真的很管用. (教材P19 3a)
do表示强调
讲此句中的did起强调作用,表示”真的,的确”.在英语中,可以借助助动词do对谓语进行强调,do位于谓语动词前,且do有人称、数和时态的变化(do/does/did).起强调作用的do要重读.
»The boy did know the truth.这个男孩真的知道真相.
»My father does have a good memory.我爸爸的记忆力真的很好.
I suggest Water City Restaurant in Water World.我建议去水世界的水城餐厅. (教材P19 3a) suggest/sə'dʒest/v.建议;提议
讲suggest sth.(to sb.)(向某人)建议某事
suggest doing sth.建议做某事
suggest(that)sb.(should) do sth.建议某人做某事
»May I suggest a white wine with this dish, sir?先生,吃这道菜,我给您推荐一种白葡萄酒,好吗?
»Joey suggested making a seat under the tree.乔伊建议在树下做个座位.
»I suggest (that) we have dinner first, and then watch the film.我建议我们先吃晚饭,而后看电影.
拓(1)suggest[动词］暗示;表明后跟宾语从句时,从句的谓语动词随人称和时态的变化而变化.
»His smile suggested (that) he was satisfied.他的微笑表明他是满意的.
(2)suggestion[可数名词］建议
其同义词advice为不可数名词.
»These suggestions will help us to get along well with others,这些建议将帮助我们与他人和睦相处.
典例3(2022·包头中考)-How can we go to the station?
-I_________ going in my car.
A. practise
B. suggest
C. invite
D. introduce
解析:句意:”我们怎么去车站?”“我建议坐我的车去.”practise"练习”;suggest"建议”;invite" 邀请”;introduce"介绍”.根据”How can we go to the station"可知,此处是提出建议.故选B.
On their way to Water City Restaurant, Alice and He Wei pass by Uncle Bob's.在他们去水城餐厅的路上,艾丽斯和何伟经过鲍勃叔叔的餐馆. (教材P19 3a) on one's way to...在某人去······的路上
讲to后接地点名词,如果接here、there、home等副词,省略to.
»You are on the way to success as long as you stick to your dreams.只要你坚持自己的梦想,你就在成功的路上. »Last week I was on my way home, I checked my phone.上周我在回家的路上查看了手机.
拓和way有关的其他短语:
pass by 路过;经过
»Will you pass by the supermarket on your way home?你在回家的路上会经过超市吗?
»As his neighbors passed by and saw Henry, they all praised Henry for what he was doing.当他的邻居经过,看见亨利的时候,他们都为他所做的事情表扬他.
拓pass by还有”(时间)逝去;过去”的意思,此时相当于go by.
»A few minutes passed by, but the ice didn't melt.几分钟过去了,但冰没有融化.
Alice and He Wei walk up to a staff person at the door,艾丽斯和何伟走向门口的一名工作人员.(教材P19 3a) staff/sta:f/,/stæf/n.管理人员;职工
讲属集体名词,既可看作单数,又可看作复数.强调整体时,谓语动词用单数形式;强调个体时,谓语动词用复数形式.
常见的集体名词还有:police(警察)、army(军队)、class(班级)、family(家庭)、team(小组)等.
»The teaching staff in this school is/are excellent.这所学校的全体教师都很优秀.
»We have 20 part-time members of staff.我们有20名兼职员工.
How do I get to the Central Library?我怎样能到达中心图书馆? (教材P20 4a) central/'sentral/adj.中心的;中央的
»His aunt lives in central London.他姨妈住在伦敦市中心.
拓center[名词］中心;中央in the center of在······的中心／中央
»These buildings lie in the center of the city, Milan.这些建筑物位于米兰市中心.
词缀学习-al 是常见的形容词后缀,表示“与······有关的”.如:national 国家的,personal个人的,educational有教育意义的,musical音乐的,medical医疗的,accidental 意外的.
Is the Italian restaurant nearby open on Mondays?附近的意大利餐馆周一营业吗? (教材P20 4a) nearby/mə'bai/ adj.附近的;邻近的adv.在附近;附近
讲nearby的用法:
Sally needs to mail a letter.萨莉需要邮寄一封信. (教材P20 4b) mail/meil/v.邮寄;发电子邮件n.邮件;信件
讲(1)[动词］邮寄;发电子邮件(此处用法)
»Will you please mail the pack for me?请你帮我邮寄个包裹好吗?
(2)[名词］邮件;信件
»She's checking her mails.她正在检查她的邮件.
拓e-mail[名词］电子邮件
［动词］发电子邮件
You go east along this street...你沿着这条街向东走·····(教材P204c) east/i:st/adj.东方的;东部的adv.向东;朝东n.东;东方
讲(1)[副词］向东;朝东(此处用法)
»The plane flew east.飞机向东飞了.
»It is a small village 18 miles east of Paris.那是巴黎以东18英里处的一个小村庄.
(2)[形容词］东方的;东部的
只用在名词前作定语.
»I don't know the east coast well.我不太熟悉东海岸.
(3)[名词］东;东方
»The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.太阳东升西落.
Section B
fascinating 迷人的(教材P21 1a) fascinating adj.迷人的;极有吸引力的
讲常在句中作表语或定语.作表语时,主语通常为物.
»Your topic is fascinating.你的话题很有吸引力.(作表语)
»Flying in the sky, we can see the fascinating city below.在空中飞行,我们可以看到下面迷人的城市. (作定语) 归纳总结
fascinating adj.迷人的;极有吸引力的
fascinated adj.入迷的; 极感兴趣的
fascination n. 魅力;入迷
fascinate v. 迷住;深深吸引
»Anything to do with the old house fascinates me.任何与这个古屋有关的东西都深深吸引着我.
»The students were fascinated by his ideas.学生们对他的想法极感兴趣.
»Old castles have a certain strange fascination for me.古城堡对我有某种奇特的吸引力.
inexpensive 不昂贵的(教材P21 1a) inexpensive/ɪnɪk'spensɪv/adj.不昂贵的
讲［形容词］由”in-(否定前缀)＋expensive(adj.昂贵的)”构成.
同义词cheap(廉价的,便宜的)
反义词expensive/dear(昂贵的)
»Everything at that store is inexpensive.那家商店里的所有商品都不贵.
词缀学习原词加否定前缀后,通常构成其反义词.其他常用的否定前缀还有:
convenient 便利的(教材P21 1a) convenient adj.便利的;方便的
讲It is convenient(for sb.)to do sth.(对某人来说)做某事很方便.
»The self-service library makes it convenient for us to borrow books.自助图书馆为我们借书提供了便利.
拓convenience n.方便［U];便利的事物(或设施)
»We are enjoying the convenience of modern technology.我们正享受着现代科技带来的便捷.
»The house has all the modern conveniences.这座房子拥有所有现代化的便利设施.
典例1 (2023·武汉市江汉区期中)You needn't take your wallet while shopping. It's_______ to pay on WeChat or Alipay(支付宝).
A. convenient
B. helpful
C. comfortable
D. friendly
解析:句意:你购物时不必带钱包.使用微信或支付宝支付很方便.convenient"方便的”;helpful"有帮助的”;comfortable"舒服的”; friendly"友好的”.根据句意及常识可知选A.
..,the clerk tells her to go to the corner of Market and Middle Streets.······职员告诉她去市场街与中心街的拐角处. (教材P21 1c)
corner/'kɔ: (r)nə(r)nə(r)/n,拐角;角落
讲at/on the corner of 在······的拐角处(多指位于某个平面的角／拐角)
in the corner of 在······角落里(多指位于某个立体空间内部的角落)
»There is a hotel at/on the corner of the street.街道拐角处有一个旅馆.
»You can see a table in the corner of the room.在房间的角落你可以看到一个桌子.
When you visit a foreign country, it is important to know how to ask for help politely.当你去国外旅游时,知道如何有礼貌地寻求帮助是重要的. (教材P22 2b) politely adv.礼貌地;客气地
讲［副词］由”polite(adj.有礼貌的;客气的)＋-ly"构成.
»Whenever you meet your friends, you should greet them politely.每当你遇到你的朋友,你都应该礼貌地问候他们.
归纳总结
polite adj. 有礼貌的;客气的→impolite adj.不礼貌的;粗鲁的
politely adv. 礼貌地;客气地→impolitely adv.无礼地
»It is polite to say "thank you" very often, even to family members.经常说”谢谢”是很礼貌的,即使是对家人.
»It's considered impolite to talk with your mouth full.说话时满嘴食物被认为是不礼貌的.
考向点拨
polite的几个派生词通常在词汇题或短文填词题中考查,解答时先分析句子成分,判断用形容词还是副词,再根据语境确定用肯定还是否定.
典例2用所给词的适当形式填空.
(2022·百色中考)We should speak________ (polite) when we talk to the elders.
解析:句意;我们和长辈说话时要有礼貌.修饰动词speak应用副词,故填politely.
These are similar requests for directions.这些是相似的问路请求. (教材P22 2b) request/rɪ'kwest/n.&v.要求;请求
讲(1)[名词］要求;请求(此处用法)
多指比较正式的请求,其后常接介词for,引出请求的具体内容.
»They have made an urgent request for international aid.他们紧急请求国际援助.
(2)[动词］要求;请求
Direction n.方向;方位
讲［名词］常与介词in连用.
in the direction of向着·····方向
in all directions 向四面八方;全面地;向各方面
»They headed in the direction of the village.他们朝村庄的方向去.
»Scared by the loud noise, the rabbits ran off in all directions.由于被巨响吓着了,兔子们向四面八方跑去.
»Ideal is the beacon. Without ideal, there is no secure direction; without direction, there is no life.理想是指路明灯.没有理想,就没有坚定的方向;没有方向,就没有生活.(LeoTolstoy 列夫·托尔斯泰)
Both are correct, but the first one sounds less polite.两者都正确,但是第一种听起来不太礼貌.(教材P22 2b) correct/kə'rekt/adj.正确的;恰当的
讲［形容词］同义词为right,反义词为incorrect“不正确的”,副词为correctly"正确地”.
»They teach farmers to plant vegetables correctly.他们教农民正确种植蔬菜.
»If I remember correctly, he is Spanish.如果我没记错的话,他是西班牙人.
拓［及物动词］纠正;批改
»It's necessary to correct his mistakes.有必要纠正他的错误.
»He's been correcting the kids' homework for hours.他已经批改孩子们的家庭作业好几个小时了.
less+形容词／副词
讲该结构表示降级比较,此时less作副词,意为”较少／小;更少／小;没那么多”.有时可以和”not as/so+形容词／副词原级＋as"进行转换.
»This story is less interesting than that one. =This story is not so/as interesting as that one.这个故事没那个故事有趣.
典例3按要求完成句子,每空一词.
Radios are not as interesting as TVs.(改为同义句)
Radios are_______ _______ _______ TVs.
解析;句意;收音机没有电视有趣.not as...as.,.意为“不像······一样····”,可用less than改写,故填less interesting than.
That is because it is a very direct question.那是因为它是一个非常直接的问题. (教材P22 2b) direct adj.直接的;直率的
讲(1)[形容词］直接的(此处用法)
»Try to make a direct connection between the object and the English word. 努力在物体与英语单词之间建立直接的联系.
(2)[形容词］直率的
»He is very direct, so you always know what his real views are.他为人很直率,所以你总能知道他的真实看法. That is because...
讲该句式意为”那是因为······”,其中because引导表语从句,用来说明原因.That is why...表示”那是······的原因”,why引导的表语从句表示结果.
»Tom was late for work this morning. That is because he overslept.汤姆今天早晨上班迟到了.那是因为他睡过头了.
»Tom overslept this morning. That is why he was late for work.汤姆今天早晨睡过头了.那是他上班迟到的原因. The expressions they use might depend on whom they are speaking to or how well they know each other.他们用的表达方式可能取决于他们正在和谁说话或者他们对彼此的了解程度. (教材P22 2b) whom/hu:m/pron.谁;什么人
讲是who的宾格形式,口语中常用who替代whom,但在书面语中或较正式场合下以及介词后时应用whom 作宾语.
»Who/Whom is your mother living with? 你母亲和谁一起生活?
»Whom did you lend the book to? 你把书借给谁了?
Sometimes we even need to spend time leading into a request.有时,我们甚至需要花时间来引出一个请求.
(教材P22 2b) spend time(in)doing sth.花费时间做某事
»It's meaningful for us to spend our free time volunteering.对我们来说,把空闲时间花在志愿服务上是有意义的. 辨spend, take, pay与cost
»I spent 100 yuan on the present.我花了100元买这件礼物.
»It took me 20 minutes to get to school.我花了20分钟到达学校.
»We paid 150 yuan for the meal.这顿饭我们花了150元.
»The schoolbag cost me 50 yuan,这个书包花了我50元.
典例4用括号中所给词的适当形式填空.
(2022·贺州中考改编)You'd better spend more time________ (do) sports after school to keep healthy.
解析:spend some time doing sth."花费时间做某事”为固定结构,故填doing.
lead into 引入
讲指为做某事而展开铺垫.其中lead为动词,其过去式和过去分词均为led.
»Mr. Zhang often leads into a new lesson by playing a related video.张老师经常通过播放相关视频导入新课.
拓lead to 导致;造成
»Don't always stay up late. An unhealthy lifestyle can lead to illnesses.别总是熬夜.不健康的生活方式可能会导致疾病.
It might seem more difficult to speak politely than directly.看起来礼貌地说话比直截了当更困难.
(教材P22 2b) seem v.看来,似乎,好像
讲seem的常见用法:
seem(to be)+n./adj.似乎······
seem to do sth.似乎做某事,好像做某事
It seems+ that 从句看起来好像······
»I know that it seems difficult for you, but it will help you build up your confidence,我知道这对你来说很难,但它会帮助你建立信心.
»Susan works carefully, so she never seems to make mistakes,苏珊工作很认真,所以她似乎从不犯错.
»It seems that the coach is satisfied with the result.教练看上去对比赛结果很满意.
There's an underground parking lot over there.那边有一个地下停车场. (教材P22 2b) underground/'ʌndə(r)graʊnd/ adj.地下的n.地铁
讲(1)[形容词］由”under-(前缀)＋ground(n.地面)”构成.
»A new underground mall is being built there.那边正在建一个新的地下商场.
(2)[名词］地铁
为英式英语,美式英语中用subway.
»We went there by underground.我们乘地铁去的那里.
thank the person for helping you 感谢帮助你的那个人(教材P24 3b) thank sb. for...感谢某人······
讲for为介词,后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语.
»Thank you for your advice.谢谢你的建议.
»He thanked me for pointing out the mistakes in his homework.他感谢我指出他家庭作业中的错误.
拓thanks to sb./sth.多亏某人;由于某事
»Thanks to your help, I finished the work on time.多亏了你的帮助,我才能按时完成工作.
I'm looking forward to your reply.我期盼你的回复. (教材P24 3b) look forward to 期盼
讲to为介词,其后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语.
»We all look forward to seeing you again soon.我们都期盼能够尽快再次见到您.
典例5根据所给汉语和提示词完成句子,每空一词.
我盼望收到你的来信.(forward)
I'm_______ ________ ________ hearing from you.
答案:looking forward to
You're always in a rush to get to school on time.为了准时到校,你总是很匆忙. (教材P24 1) on time 准时;按时
»He will come on time even though it rains.即使下雨,他还是会准时来的.。