新职业英语 土建英语 Unit 3
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dynamic action.
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Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Step Two: Investigate Local Conditions The design of any civil engineering structure is greatly influenced by local conditions. Even if the performance requirements are the same and the same type of structures is selected for different locations, each structure will exhibit differences in design so as to comply with the local conditions. Site elevations, foundation characteristics, water tables, immediate surroundings, and the environment as a whole are some of the local conditions that will need to be investigated.
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Warming-up
Task 2 Match the phrases with their Chinese equivalents.
1. preliminary design 2. specifications 3. comparison of drafts
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Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
第三步：做出初步设计
大小比例取决于结构的类型、应用以及主要采 用的设计程序。区域横截面，现有的经验法则结合 一些粗略计算，都有助于做出初步的设计。
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Unit 3 Designing a Building
The designer must study the performance
requirements thoroughly. Some of these requirements include matters such as load
intensities and their duration, and the effects of
< Back Next > Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
如何进行设计
每个建筑项目的设计都有其具体的特点， 必要的设计步骤大致相同。这些步骤主要有：
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Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
2 3 4
9
5
Reading B
10
The Greatest Building
< Back
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Warming-up
Task 1
Task 2
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Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Warming-up
Task 1 A team of a construction project involves people who play different roles. Match the people with their Chinese equivalents. A. 结构工程师 1. architect 2. civil engineer 3. interior designer B. 电气工程师 C. 室内设计师 D. 建筑师 E. 机械工程师
A. 明细规范 B. 方案比较 C. 总体规划图
4. process flow chart
5. master plan 6. technical design 7. color scheme 8. working drawing
D. 初步设计
E. 色彩布局 F. 工艺流程图
G. 施工图
H. 技术设计
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Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
How to Design
The design of each construction project
has its own specific characteristics, but the
< Back
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Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Step Five: Select Shapes and Sizes
The revised selection of sizes and shapes and their ratios takes place after analysis. These are compared with those initially assumed. To arrive at an economical design, it is usually necessary to repeat the analysis with the revised sizes and shapes. For an optimum design, computer programs can be used to carry out this trial-anderror procedure, which typically assumes dimensions and checks the resulting stresses by means of analysis.
新职业英语 Unit 3 Designing a
土 建 英 语
Building
English for Civil Engineering
Unit 3 Designing a Building
1
Warming-up Reading A Listening Speaking
6 7 8
Writing
Self-evaluation Vocabulary and Structure Grammar
steps or phases that are needed to build the structure are similar. These steps are mainly:
< Back
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Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Step One: Study Performance Requirements
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Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Step Six: Develop a Secondary Design Most designs are initially based on the strength criterion. Overall structural stability, deformations, dynamic behavior, the occurrence of secondary stresses due to temperature changes, and the design and retention of connections could all be classified as secondary design criteria. When these secondary effects are investigated, they may prove to be major effects requiring modifications or revisions of the initial design. Based on experience, the engineer may be able to recognize at an early stage how relevant any secondary criteria will be and will include these in the initial design.
< Back Next > Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Step Four: Carry out a Structural Analysis The stress levels to be expected from the preliminary design can now be determined. In most cases, strength is the initial design criterion, while all other criteria are used for checks at later stages.
4. quantity surveyor
5. engineer in charge 6. mechanical engineer 7. electrical engineer 8. structural engineer
F. （工时、造价等）估算员
G. 主管工程师 H. 土木工程师
< Back Next > Home
< Back Next > Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Task 1 Text Task 2 Task 3
Task 4
Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Task 1 Before reading the passage, see how much you know about design procedures by answering the following questions. 1. What is an architectural design? 2. What factors should be taken into consideration before a design is completed?
第一步：研究性能要求 设计者必须全面研究性能要; Back
Next >
Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
第二步：考察当地条件 任何一项土建工程的结构设计都极大地受到当 地条件的影响。即使性能要求相同而且建筑类型也相 同，如果建筑地点不同，每个建筑在设计上也会有所 差异，从而与当地条件相适应。选址的海拔高度、地 基特征、地下水位、周围事物以及整个环境等都是需 要深入调查的当地条件。
< Back Next > Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Step Three: Draw a Preliminary Design Size ratios depend on the type of structures, Its use, and the major design procedure that is adopted. Cross-sections of the area, and the use of available empirical rules, combined with some rough calculations will help the drawing of a preliminary design. Preliminary sizes and size ratios, have to be assumed before any analysis can take place.
< Back
Next >
Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Step Two: Investigate Local Conditions The design of any civil engineering structure is greatly influenced by local conditions. Even if the performance requirements are the same and the same type of structures is selected for different locations, each structure will exhibit differences in design so as to comply with the local conditions. Site elevations, foundation characteristics, water tables, immediate surroundings, and the environment as a whole are some of the local conditions that will need to be investigated.
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Warming-up
Task 2 Match the phrases with their Chinese equivalents.
1. preliminary design 2. specifications 3. comparison of drafts
< Back
Next >
Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
第三步：做出初步设计
大小比例取决于结构的类型、应用以及主要采 用的设计程序。区域横截面，现有的经验法则结合 一些粗略计算，都有助于做出初步的设计。
< Back
Next >
Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
The designer must study the performance
requirements thoroughly. Some of these requirements include matters such as load
intensities and their duration, and the effects of
< Back Next > Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
如何进行设计
每个建筑项目的设计都有其具体的特点， 必要的设计步骤大致相同。这些步骤主要有：
< Back
Next >
Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
2 3 4
9
5
Reading B
10
The Greatest Building
< Back
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Warming-up
Task 1
Task 2
< Back
Next >
Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Warming-up
Task 1 A team of a construction project involves people who play different roles. Match the people with their Chinese equivalents. A. 结构工程师 1. architect 2. civil engineer 3. interior designer B. 电气工程师 C. 室内设计师 D. 建筑师 E. 机械工程师
A. 明细规范 B. 方案比较 C. 总体规划图
4. process flow chart
5. master plan 6. technical design 7. color scheme 8. working drawing
D. 初步设计
E. 色彩布局 F. 工艺流程图
G. 施工图
H. 技术设计
< Back
Next >
Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
How to Design
The design of each construction project
has its own specific characteristics, but the
< Back
Next >
Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Step Five: Select Shapes and Sizes
The revised selection of sizes and shapes and their ratios takes place after analysis. These are compared with those initially assumed. To arrive at an economical design, it is usually necessary to repeat the analysis with the revised sizes and shapes. For an optimum design, computer programs can be used to carry out this trial-anderror procedure, which typically assumes dimensions and checks the resulting stresses by means of analysis.
新职业英语 Unit 3 Designing a
土 建 英 语
Building
English for Civil Engineering
Unit 3 Designing a Building
1
Warming-up Reading A Listening Speaking
6 7 8
Writing
Self-evaluation Vocabulary and Structure Grammar
steps or phases that are needed to build the structure are similar. These steps are mainly:
< Back
Next >
Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Step One: Study Performance Requirements
< Back Next > Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Step Six: Develop a Secondary Design Most designs are initially based on the strength criterion. Overall structural stability, deformations, dynamic behavior, the occurrence of secondary stresses due to temperature changes, and the design and retention of connections could all be classified as secondary design criteria. When these secondary effects are investigated, they may prove to be major effects requiring modifications or revisions of the initial design. Based on experience, the engineer may be able to recognize at an early stage how relevant any secondary criteria will be and will include these in the initial design.
< Back Next > Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Step Four: Carry out a Structural Analysis The stress levels to be expected from the preliminary design can now be determined. In most cases, strength is the initial design criterion, while all other criteria are used for checks at later stages.
4. quantity surveyor
5. engineer in charge 6. mechanical engineer 7. electrical engineer 8. structural engineer
F. （工时、造价等）估算员
G. 主管工程师 H. 土木工程师
< Back Next > Home
< Back Next > Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Task 1 Text Task 2 Task 3
Task 4
Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Task 1 Before reading the passage, see how much you know about design procedures by answering the following questions. 1. What is an architectural design? 2. What factors should be taken into consideration before a design is completed?
第一步：研究性能要求 设计者必须全面研究性能要; Back
Next >
Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
第二步：考察当地条件 任何一项土建工程的结构设计都极大地受到当 地条件的影响。即使性能要求相同而且建筑类型也相 同，如果建筑地点不同，每个建筑在设计上也会有所 差异，从而与当地条件相适应。选址的海拔高度、地 基特征、地下水位、周围事物以及整个环境等都是需 要深入调查的当地条件。
< Back Next > Home
Unit 3 Designing a Building
Reading A
Step Three: Draw a Preliminary Design Size ratios depend on the type of structures, Its use, and the major design procedure that is adopted. Cross-sections of the area, and the use of available empirical rules, combined with some rough calculations will help the drawing of a preliminary design. Preliminary sizes and size ratios, have to be assumed before any analysis can take place.