高二英语化学实验设计创新思路单选题50道

高二英语化学实验设计创新思路单选题50道
1. In a chemical experiment, the first step is to ______.
A. heat the substance
B. measure the volume
C. mix the chemicals
D. clean the equipment
答案：D。

本题考查化学实验的基本步骤。

选项A 加热物质通常不是第一步。

选项B 测量体积一般在后续步骤进行。

选项C 混合化学物质也不是初始步骤。

选项D 清洁设备是进行实验前的重要准备工作，应是第一步。

2. Before starting the experiment, you should ______.
A. write the conclusion
B. check the safety measures
C. record the data
D. analyze the results
答案：B。

在开始实验前，应先检查安全措施（ 选项B）。

选项 A 写结论是实验结束后的工作。

选项 C 记录数据在实验过程中进行。

选项D 分析结果也是实验结束后的环节。

3. The correct order of the following steps in a chemical experiment is ______.
A. add the reactants, heat, observe, record
B. observe, heat, add the reactants, record
C. record, observe, add the reactants, heat
D. heat, add the reactants, observe, record
答案：A。

化学实验的正确步骤顺序通常是先添加反应物（选项A），然后加热，接着观察现象，最后记录。

选项B 先观察不符合逻辑。

选项C 先记录不对，还未进行实验操作。

选项D 先加热可能会有危险且不符合一般流程。

4. When conducting a chemical experiment, which of the following should be done initially?
A. Prepare the test tubes
B. Adjust the temperature
C. Weigh the substances
D. Pour the solutions
答案：A。

进行化学实验时，最初应准备好试管（ 选项A）。

选项B 调整温度不是一开始就做的。

选项C 称量物质在准备阶段之后。

选项D 倾倒溶液也不是初始步骤。

5. The initial step in a chemical experiment involving a reaction is to ______.
A. stir the mixture
B. determine the reactants
C. set up the apparatus
D. calculate the yield
答案：B。

在涉及反应的化学实验中，第一步是确定反应物 选
项B）。

选项A 搅拌混合物通常不是初始步骤。

选项C 搭建装置在确定反应物之后。

选项D 计算产率是实验结束时的工作。

6. In the chemical experiment, which instrument is used to measure the volume of a liquid accurately?
A. Beaker
B. Flask
C. Graduated cylinder
D. Test tube
答案：C。

本题考查实验仪器的用途。

A 选项“Beaker” 烧杯）通常用于配制溶液和进行反应，不能精确测量液体体积。

B 选项“Flask” 烧瓶）主要用于反应容器，也不能精确测量体积。

C 选项“Graduated cylinder”（ 量筒）专门用于精确测量液体体积。

D 选项“Test tube” 试管）主要用于少量试剂的反应，不用于测量体积。

7. Which instrument is suitable for heating a small amount of liquid?
A. Crucible
B. Evaporating dish
C. Bunsen burner
D. Test tube
答案：D。

此题考查加热仪器的选择。

A 选项“Crucible”（ 坩埚）用于固体的高温灼烧。

B 选项“Evaporating dish”（蒸发皿）用于蒸发溶液。

C 选项“Bunsen burner”（本生灯）是提供热源的设备，不是直接加热液体的仪器。

D 选项“Test tube” 试管）适合加热少量液体。

8. For separating a solid from a liquid, which instrument is commonly used?
A. Funnel
B. Filter paper
C. Centrifuge
D. Separatory funnel
答案：C。

本题考分离仪器的运用。

A 选项“Funnel”（ 漏斗）常用于添加液体。

B 选项“Filter paper” 滤纸）是过滤时使用的材料，不是仪器。

C 选项“Centrifuge”（ 离心机）常用于分离固体和液体。

D 选项“Separatory funnel” 分液漏斗）用于分离两种不互溶的液体。

9. When transferring a liquid from one container to another, which instrument is often employed?
A. Pipette
B. Spatula
C. Measuring cylinder
D. Balance
答案：A。

这道题考查液体转移工具。

A 选项“Pipette”（ 移液管）常用于精确转移一定量的液体。

B 选项“Spatula”（ 药匙）用于取用固体药品。

C 选项“Measuring cylinder”（量筒）用于测量液体体积，不用于转移。

D 选项“Balance”（ 天平）用于称量质量，不是转移液体的工具。

10. To collect gas produced in a chemical reaction, which apparatus is
appropriate?
A. Flask
B. Gas syringe
C. Beaker
D. Measuring cylinder
答案：B。

本题考查气体收集装置。

A 选项“Flask”（烧瓶）一般不用于收集气体。

C 选项“Beaker”（ 烧杯）主要用于反应和盛装液体。

D 选项“Measuring cylinder”（ 量筒）用于测量体积。

B 选项“Gas syringe” 气体注射器）适合收集化学反应产生的气体。

11. In a chemistry experiment, which of the following is the correct way to handle concentrated acid?
A. Pour it directly with your hands.
B. Pour it slowly into water while stirring.
C. Pour water into the concentrated acid.
D. Throw it randomly.
答案：B。

本题考查实验中处理浓硫酸的正确方法。

A 选项用手直接倾倒错误，会伤害手部。

C 选项向浓硫酸中倒水会导致液体飞溅，非常危险。

D 选项随意丢弃更是错误且危险的行为。

B 选项将浓硫酸缓慢倒入水中并搅拌是正确的稀释方法。

12. When heating substances in a test tube, which action is unsafe?
A. Point the mouth of the test tube away from people.
B. Heat the test tube without preheating.
C. Use a test tube clamp to hold the test tube.
D. Keep the test tube stable.
答案：B。

本题考查加热试管时的安全操作。

A 选项将试管口远离人员是安全的。

C 选项用试管夹夹住试管是正确操作。

D 选项保持试管稳定是必要的。

B 选项不预热直接加热试管可能导致试管炸裂，是不安全的。

13. Which of the following is not a necessary measure for fire safety in the laboratory?
A. Know the location of fire extinguishers.
B. Play with fire at will.
C. Follow the safety regulations strictly.
D. Keep the exit unobstructed.
答案：B。

本题考查实验室消防安全措施。

A 选项了解灭火器位置是必要的。

C 选项严格遵守安全规定很重要。

D 选项保持出口畅通是必须的。

B 选项随意玩火是绝对禁止的，不是必要的安全措施，而是危险行为。

14. When dealing with broken glassware in the laboratory, what should you do?
A. Pick it up directly with your hands.
B. Use a broom and dustpan to clean it up.
C. Ignore it and leave it there.
D. Kick it aside.
答案：B。

本题考查处理实验室破碎玻璃器皿的正确方法。

A 选项直接用手捡容易割伤。

C 选项忽略不管会造成安全隐患。

D 选项踢到一边也是错误且危险的。

B 选项用扫帚和簸箕清理是正确的做法。

15. In a chemical experiment, if a reagent spills on your skin, what is the first thing you should do?
A. Wash it with water immediately.
B. Rub it with your hands.
C. Wait for it to dry naturally.
D. Ignore it.
答案：A。

本题考查试剂溅到皮肤上的处理方法。

B 选项用手揉搓会使情况更糟。

C 选项等待自然干会延误处理。

D 选项忽略更是错误的。

A 选项立即用水冲洗可以最大程度减少伤害。

16. In a chemical experiment, the measured value of a substance was
12.5 g, but the actual value was 12.0 g. The percentage error is:
A. 4%
B. 5%
C. 6%
D. 8%
答案：A。

本题考查百分比误差的计算。

百分比误差= （ 测量值- 实际值）÷ 实际值× 100% ，即（12.5 - 12.0）÷ 12.0 × 100% = 4% 。

17. The data obtained from an experiment are: 10.1, 9.8, 10.2, 9.9,
10.0. The average value is:
A. 9.9
B. 10.0
C. 10.1
D. 10.2
答案：B。

将这组数据相加再除以数据个数，即（10.1 + 9.8 + 10.2 + 9.9 + 10.0）÷ 5 = 10.0 。

18. In an experiment, the calculated result should be 5.6, but the measured result is 5.2. The relative error is:
A. 0.071
B. 0.075
C. 0.078
D. 0.080
答案：A。

相对误差= （ 计算值- 测量值）÷ 计算值，即（5.6 - 5.2）÷ 5.6 = 0.071 。

19. When processing experimental data, if one data point is significantly different from the others, it should be:
A. included as it is
B. averaged with the others
C. ignored
D. analyzed separately
答案：D。

对于明显不同于其他数据点的数据，应单独分析其原
因，而不是简单地包括、平均或忽略。

20. The standard deviation of a set of data is 2. If all the data are multiplied by 2, the new standard deviation is:
A. 2
B. 4
C. 6
D. 8
答案：B。

当数据乘以一个常数时，标准差也乘以该常数，所以新的标准差为2×2 = 4 。

21. In the chemical experiment, when the metal reacts with the acid, we can observe a large amount of _____.
A. gas giving off
B. gas given off
C. gases giving off
D. gases given off
答案：B。

本题考查名词复数和非谓语动词。

“a large amount of”修饰不可数名词，所以“gas”用单数；“gas”与“give off”是被动关系，用过去分词作后置定语，故选B。

22. During the experiment, the mixture turned from colorless to _____.
A. red
B. blue
C. green
D. yellow
答案：A。

本题考查实验中颜色的变化。

根据常见化学实验现象，混合物由无色变为红色是常见的，故选A。

23. When heating the substance, we saw _____.
A. smoke rising
B. smoke rose
C. smokes rising
D. smokes rose
答案：A。

“smoke”是不可数名词，无复数形式；“see sth. doing”表示看到某物正在做某事，故选A。

24. In the chemical reaction, there was a _____ smell produced.
A. strange
B. familiar
C. sweet
D. bad
答案：A。

本题考查对实验中产生气味的描述。

“strange”表示奇怪的，符合化学实验中产生特殊气味的描述，故选A。

25. After the experiment, we noticed that the liquid became _____.
A. thicker
B. thinner
C. darker
D. lighter
答案：C。

本题考查实验后液体性质的变化。

“darker”表示颜色更深，符合实验中液体可能的变化，故选C。

26.Which of the following is not a principle of a good experiment design?
A.Controllability
B.Reproducibility
C.Randomness
D.Safety
答案：C。

本题考查实验方案设计原则。

良好的实验设计应具有可控性 A 选项）、可重复性 B 选项）和安全性 D 选项）。

随机性并非是实验设计的原则。

27.The principle of controllability in experiment design means that:
A.The experiment results can be repeated.
B.The factors influencing the experiment can be adjusted and controlled.
C.The experiment is safe for researchers.
D.The experiment is cost-effective.
答案：B。

可控性原则指的是影响实验的因素能够被调整和控制。

A 选项指的是可重复性；C 选项指的是安全性；D 选项指的是实验的成本效益，均不符合可控性原则的定义。

28.In a well-designed experiment, reproducibility is important because:
A.It ensures the accuracy of the results.
B.It saves time and resources.
C.It makes the experiment more interesting.
D.It reduces the risk of errors.
答案：A。

在一个设计良好的实验中，可重复性重要是因为它确保了结果的准确性。

B 选项节省时间和资源并非主要原因；C 选项使实验更有趣不是关键；D 选项减少错误风险不是主要原因。

29.Which of the following is a safety consideration in experiment design?
ing expensive equipment
B.Selecting complex procedures
C.Handling hazardous substances properly
D.Ignoring potential risks
答案：C。

在实验设计中，正确处理危险物质是安全方面的考虑。

A 选项使用昂贵设备与安全无关；
B 选项选择复杂程序不一定涉及安全；D 选项忽略潜在风险是错误的，不符合安全原则。

30.When designing an experiment, which principle should be given the highest priority?
A.Originality
B.Economy
C.Safety
D.Speed
答案：C。

设计实验时，应给予最高优先级的原则是安全。

A 选项创新性；B 选项经济性；D 选项速度，都不如安全重要。

31. In an experiment to study the effect of temperature on the rate of
a chemical reaction, which of the following should be kept constant?
A. Temperature
B. Concentration of reactants
C. V olume of reactants
D. All of the above
答案：B。

本题考查实验变量控制。

在研究温度对化学反应速率的影响实验中，应保持反应物浓度不变，来单独观察温度的作用。

A 选项温度是要研究的变量，C 选项反应物体积通常不是关键变量。

32. When investigating the impact of catalyst on a chemical reaction, which factor needs to be controlled?
A. Reaction time
B. Pressure
C. Concentration of products
D. Temperature
答案：D。

在探究催化剂对化学反应的影响时，温度需要被控制，以准确评估催化剂的作用。

A 选项反应时间不是主要控制的变量，B 选项压力一般与本题研究内容无关，C 选项产物浓度不是重点控制的因素。

33. In an experiment to determine the effect of pH on the solubility of
a substance, which variable should be unchanged?
A. Temperature
B. pH
C. Type of solvent
D. Concentration of the substance
答案：A。

在确定pH 对物质溶解度的影响实验中，温度应保持不变。

B 选项pH 是研究变量，C 选项溶剂类型通常不是关键控制变量，D 选项物质浓度会因溶解度变化而改变，不是不变的量。

34. When exploring the influence of light on a chemical reaction, which parameter is necessary to maintain the same?
A. Intensity of light
B. Reactant amounts
C. Temperature
D. Reaction container size
答案：C。

在探索光对化学反应的影响时，温度必须保持相同。

A 选项光的强度是研究变量，
B 选项反应物的量不是关键控制参数，
D 选项反应容器大小一般无关紧要。

35. In a study about the effect of agitation on the rate of a reaction, which aspect should be held constant?
A. Agitation speed
B. Concentration of reactants
C. Temperature
D. Type of stirrer
答案：C。

在研究搅拌对反应速率的影响时，温度应当保持恒定。

A 选项搅拌速度是研究变量，
B 选项反应物浓度不是重点控制的量，
D 选项搅拌器类型通常不是关键控制因素。

36. If the temperature of the chemical reaction is increased, what is the most likely result?
A. The reaction rate will decrease.
B. The product yield will remain the same.
C. The reaction will stop immediately.
D. The reaction rate will increase.
答案：D。

本题考查温度对化学反应速率的影响。

升高温度通常会使分子运动加快，增加有效碰撞的几率，从而导致反应速率增加，A 选项反应速率降低错误，B 选项产物产率不变不准确，C 选项反应立即停止不符合常理。

37. In a certain chemical experiment, if the concentration of the reactant is doubled, what might happen to the amount of product formed?
A. It will be halved.
B. It will remain unchanged.
C. It will double.
D. It will increase by a factor of four.
答案：C。

当反应物浓度加倍时，在其他条件不变的情况下，反应速率通常会加快，生成的产物量也会相应增加，A 选项减半错误，
B 选项不变不符合实际，D 选项增加四倍过于夸张。

38. If a catalyst is added to a chemical reaction, which of the following is most likely to occur?
A. The activation energy will increase.
B. The reaction time will be prolonged.
C. The reaction rate will remain the same.
D. The reaction rate will increase.
答案：D。

催化剂能够降低反应的活化能，从而加快反应速率，A 选项活化能增加错误，B 选项反应时间延长不正确，C 选项反应速率不变不对。

39. In an experiment where the pressure is increased, what is the possible effect on the gas-phase reaction?
A. The reaction rate will not change.
B. The reaction rate will decrease.
C. The reaction rate will increase.
D. The reaction will become reversible.
答案：C。

对于气相反应，增加压力通常会使气体分子浓度增大，有效碰撞几率增加，从而导致反应速率加快，A 选项反应速率不变错误，B 选项反应速率降低不符合，D 选项反应变为可逆不准确。

40. When the surface area of a solid reactant is increased in a reaction, what can be expected about the reaction rate?
A. It will decrease.
B. It will stay the same.
C. It will increase.
D. It will first increase and then decrease.
答案：C。

增大固体反应物的表面积可以提供更多的反应位点，增加反应物之间的接触机会，从而加快反应速率，A 选项反应速率降低错误，B 选项保持不变不对，D 选项先增后减不符合实际情况。

41. Which of the following is not a possible source of error in a chemical experiment of measuring the volume of a gas?
A. Imperfect sealing of the apparatus
B. Inaccurate measurement tools
C. Fluctuations in room temperature
D. Using a wrong chemical reagent
答案：D。

本题考查实验误差来源分析。

A 选项，装置密封不完善会导致气体泄漏，影响测量结果；B 选项，测量工具不准确会导致测量数据出现偏差；C 选项，室温波动会影响气体的体积；D 选项，使用错误的化学试剂不是测量气体体积实验中误差的来源。

42. In an experiment to determine the concentration of a solution, which factor is least likely to cause an error?
A. Incorrect calibration of the measuring instrument
B. Improper sampling technique
C. Reading the measurement scale wrongly
D. The color of the solution
答案：D。

A 选项，测量仪器校准不正确会导致测量值不准确；
B 选项，不正确的取样技术会影响样本的代表性；
C 选项，读测量刻度错误会直接导致测量结果错误；
D 选项，溶液的颜色与确定溶液浓度实验中的误差关系不大。

43. When measuring the mass of a solid substance, which of the following could be a source of error?
A. The balance is not zeroed before use
B. The substance is not completely dry
C. The shape of the solid
D. The brand of the balance
答案：A。

A 选项，天平使用前未调零会导致测量结果有偏差；
B 选项，物质不完全干燥会使测量的质量偏大；
C 选项，固体的形状不影响其质量测量；
D 选项，天平的品牌与测量误差无关。

44. In a chemical reaction experiment, which situation is unlikely to introduce errors?
A. The reaction time is not controlled accurately
B. The reactants are not mixed thoroughly
C. The laboratory is well-ventilated
D. The purity of the reactants is not known
答案：C。

A 选项，反应时间控制不准确会影响反应的进行程度和结果；B 选项，反应物未充分混合会导致反应不均匀；C 选项，实验室通风良好与实验误差的产生关系较小；D 选项，反应物纯度未知
会影响反应的定量分析。

45. Which of the following is not a common source of error in experiments involving heating a substance?
A. Uneven heating
B. The material of the heating container
C. The appearance of the substance
D. Inaccurate temperature control
答案：C。

A 选项，加热不均匀会导致物质受热程度不同，影响实验结果；B 选项，加热容器的材料可能影响传热效果；C 选项，物质的外观与加热实验中的误差通常无关；D 选项，温度控制不准确会导致加热效果不符合预期。

46. The experiment of extracting copper from copper sulfate solution was not successful. How can we improve it?
A. Increase the temperature
B. Use more copper sulfate
C. Add a catalyst
D. Stir the solution constantly
答案：D。

解析：不断搅拌溶液可以增加反应物之间的接触机会，从而提高反应速率和提取效果。

47. In the experiment of preparing hydrogen gas, the yield is low. What can be done to improve?
A. Use a larger container
B. Reduce the amount of reactants
C. Purify the reactants
D. Improve the sealing of the device
答案：D。

解析：提高装置的密封性可以减少气体泄漏，从而提高氢气的产量。

48. The experiment of testing the pH of a solution has inaccurate results. How to improve?
A. Change the indicator
B. Use a more precise pH meter
C. Repeat the experiment multiple times
D. Calibrate the measuring instrument
答案：D。

解析：校准测量仪器可以确保测量结果的准确性。

49. The separation of a mixture in the experiment is not thorough. How to improve?
A. Increase the separation time
B. Use a different separation method
C. Improve the operation skills
D. Clean the equipment before the experiment
答案：B。

解析：使用不同的分离方法可能更适合该混合物的分离，从而达到更彻底的效果。

50. The reaction in the chemical experiment is too slow. How to accelerate it?
A. Decrease the concentration of reactants
B. Lower the temperature
C. Grind the reactants into smaller particles
D. Reduce the amount of catalyst
答案：C。

解析：将反应物研磨成更小的颗粒可以增大反应物的接触面积，加快反应速率。