商务英语翻译的 减词法

2，译成汉语代词“其” 翻译商务合同或法律文件时，要尽量避免使用 “他”，“它”“它们之类的代词，这是因为 这类文体比较正式，只有用一个“其”字来代 替这些词才是最适合的。与此相吻合，英语中 的物主代词“his”、 “its” 和“their” 也不能译 成”他的”、“它的”和“他们的”，而应该 用“其”字取而代之。
五、省略介词


The students are looking at the blackboard and listening to the teacher． 孩子们正在看黑板听老师讲课。 Have you heard of Mark Twain？ 你听说过马克· 吐温吗？
六、虚词it的省略

英汉对比：英语的冠词、介词和介词短语、 连词、代词等虚词，使用频度极高，但是往往 只体现语法功能，而在汉语中这类词语或是缺 失，或是使用频度极低，或是表达方式有所改 变。译为汉语时，这些词语都可以考虑采用减 词译法。
法律文件中英语人称代词的翻译

1.省略不译 英语中的人称代词用得较多，后面往往跟着相 应的物主代词，以表示前后人称的一致性，这 是英语的一个特点。但在汉语里，我们往往可 以省略人称代词和物主代词，以便符合汉语的 语言表达习惯。在翻译时，如果将原文中的人 称代词换成物主代词同时译出，则显得译文不 自然、太生硬，不符合汉语语言规范，也就是 说受原语影响太重。因此，在英译汉时，常常 将原文中的代词省略。





Keys 1. 聪明的人不会娶有才无德的女子为妻的。 2. 冬天是研究树木生长的好季节，虽则树叶落了，树枝光了，但 树木本身却是美丽的。 3. 这些发展中国家，土地辽阔，人口众多，资源丰富。（或：这 些发展中国家地大物博，人口众多。） 4. 八点钟，费兰兹起床穿衣。 5. We must cultivate the ability to analyse and solve problems. 6. The (state of / condition of) backwardness of the Chinese football must be changed. 7. We have a few people now who act like overlords (as they have become officials), and some of their behaviour is truly shocking. They divorce themselves from the masses and lowerranking cadres, and their subordinates follow suit (according to the doings of their superiors), which results in deterioration of the general standard of social conduct.
三、连词的省略




英语中较多使用连词和并列连词来表达各种逻辑关系， 而汉语中这些逻辑关系常常是通过上下文来暗示的， 因而汉语中较少使用连词。英汉翻译时常常把原文中 的连词省略不译。 e.g. If I had known it, I would not have joined in. 早知如此，我就不参加了。 e.g. Like charges repel each other while opposite charges attract. 同性电荷相斥,异性电荷相吸。


在英语中，it常作形式主语或形式宾语，翻译 成汉语时常省略。 It is dangerous to play football in the street． 在大街上踢球危险。 We find it not easy to learn English well． 我们发现学好英语不容易。
二、冠词的省略

Fra bibliotek汉语没有冠词，所以英译汉时冠词常常省略。当英语 中的“冠词the+名词”或者“冠词a/an+名词”表示 泛指时，该冠词往往不翻译成汉语；但如果冠词是表 示特指，就必须将冠词翻译成汉语。 e.g. The moon was slowly rising above the sea. ( 月亮慢慢从海上升起) e.g. Any Substance is made up of atoms whether it is a solid, a liquid, or a gas. 任何物质，不论是固体、液体或气体，都由原子组 成).


e.g. When a party wishes to transfer all or part of its registered capital contribution to a third party, it shall provide a written notice to the other party. (一方欲将其全部或部分注册资本出资额转让 给第三方时，应向另一方提供书面通知。)
四、动词的省译




由于汉语可以直接用形容词、名词或词组作谓 语，所以英语中的有些动词谓语汉译时可以省 译；如果从句的谓语动词与主句谓语动词相同， 则从句谓语动词也可省译。 e.g. Though the model is a bit out-of-date, the quality is excellent. (虽然样式有点过时，但质地非常好。) e.g. When the pressure gets low, the boiling point becomes low. (气压低，沸点就低。)
Lecture 6 英汉翻译中的减 词法
何谓减词法？

减词翻译法，也称省略翻译法，是指在翻译过 程中省略原文中自然的、必不可少的、但在译 文中却是多余词汇的翻译方法。省略是为了保 障译文表达流畅通达的一种翻译手法。应用这 种方法的前提，是要保证原文的语义完整、信 息准确，即要忠实于原文。只有在这个前提下 才能省略一些在译文中显得多余或者累赘的词 语。


Without prior written approval, one Party shall assign any and all of its rights and interests and delegate its responsibilities under this Agreement to any third party. (任何一方未经事先书面批准，不得将其在本 协议项下的任何和全部权利和权益让与及将其 在本协议项下的责任委托给任何第三方。)




5. 代词it的省略 “it”作非人称主语、形式主语或形式宾语时 本身无实际意义，可以省略不译。 e.g. Outside it was pitch-dark and it was raining cats and dogs. 外面一团漆黑,大雨倾盆。 e.g. He found it impossible to arrive there before dark. （他发现天黑之前到达那里已不可能。）
Exercises:


The Buyers may, within 15 days after arrival of the goods at the destination, lodge a claim against the sellers for short weight being supported by Inspection Certificate issued by a reputable public surveyor. Discrepancy and Claim: Any claim by the Buyers on the goods shipped shall be filed within 30 days after arrival of the goods at port of destination and supported by a survey report issued by a surveyor approved by the Sellers. Claims in respect of matters within the responsibility of the insurance company or of the shipping company will not be considered or entertained by the Sellers.

II. Exercise for Omission 1. A wise man will not marry a woman who has attainments but no virtue. 2. Winter is the best time to study the growth of trees. Although the leaves are gone and the branches are bare, the trees themselves are beautiful. 3. These developing countries cover vast territories, encompass a large population and abound in natural resources. 4. Eight o’clock found Franz up and dressed. 5. 我们要培养分析问题、解决问题的能力。 6. 中国足球的落后状态必须改变。 7. 现在有少数人就是做官当老爷，有些事情实在不像 话！脱离群众，脱离干部，上行下效，把社会风气也 带坏了。


(货物抵达目的港后15天内，买方可以凭享有 信誉的公共检验员出示的检验证明向卖方提出 短重索赔。) （异议和索赔：买方对于装运货物的任何索赔， 必须于货到目的港30天内提出，并须提供卖方 同意的检验员出具的检验报告。属于保险公司 或轮船公司责任范围内的索赔，卖方不予接 受。）




4．英语中含有泛指意义的人称代词we, you以及不定 代词one等在句中做主语时常可省译。 e.g. If you know the frequency, you can find out the wave-length. (只要知道了频率，就可以求出波长。) e.g. You are not allowed to smoke a cigarette in a public place. (公共场所严禁吸烟。) e.g. One shall pay for what one has said. (一言既出，自负其责。)


3．译成所替代的名词 e.g. This contract is executed in Chinese. If necessary, it may be translated into other languages. (本合同以中文文本签署。如有必要，本合同 可译成其他文字。)




Tariffs may be used simply to obtain revenue. In some developing countries, revenue tariffs provide an important part of the government's income. Often, however, tariffs are protective, and are designed to carry out a particular economic policy. They may help to reduce a balance of payments deficit or to protect an infant industry against strong international competition from older corporations.