四岁孩子先天性心脏病室内隔膜缺损手术流程

四岁孩子先天性心脏病室内隔膜缺损手术流
程
1.术前检查需要对孩子进行彻底的身体检查。

Preoperative examination requires a thorough physical examination of the child.
2.医生需要了解孩子病史和家族遗传史。

The doctor needs to understand the child's medical
history and family history.
3.必须进行心脏超声检查确认室内隔膜缺损的具体情况。

A cardiac ultrasound must be performed to confirm the specific situation of the ventricular septal defect.
4.麻醉师对孩子进行评估，确定麻醉方案。

An anesthesiologist assesses the child and determines the anesthesia plan.
5.手术前需要进行血液检查。

Blood tests are required before surgery.
6.术前医生会详细解释手术的过程和风险。

The doctor will explain the process and risks of the surgery in detail before the operation.
7.孩子需要空腹手术，一般要求术前8小时禁食。

The child needs to undergo surgery on an empty stomach, with a general requirement of fasting for 8 hours before surgery.
8.输液治疗可以保持孩子的水电解质平衡。

Intravenous therapy can maintain the child's electrolyte balance.
9.必须进行术前皮肤消毒，减少感染风险。

Preoperative skin disinfection must be performed to reduce the risk of infection.
10.必须观察孩子术前的心率和呼吸情况。

It is necessary to observe the child's heart rate and breathing before the operation.
11.必须确保手术室内环境整洁、无菌。

It is necessary to ensure that the operating room environment is clean and sterile.
12.手术前会给孩子吃抗生素预防感染。

The child will be given antibiotics before the operation to prevent infection.
13.手术室内设备必须合格，确保手术安全进行。

The equipment in the operating room must be qualified to ensure the safety of the operation.
14.手术需要在专业的医疗团队配合下进行。

The operation needs to be carried out in cooperation with a professional medical team.
15.必须制定术中急救措施预案。

Emergency measures must be formulated for intraoperative emergencies.
16.手术医生和护士需要严格执行手术流程操作。

The surgeon and nurses need to strictly follow the surgical procedure.
17.必须做好手术器械和药品的准备工作。

Preparation of surgical instruments and drugs must be done well.
18.手术室内需要保持较高的洁净度。

The operating room needs to maintain a high level of cleanliness.
19.室内隔膜缺损手术需要进行心肺转流术。

Ventricular septal defect surgery requires cardiopulmonary bypass.
20.必须在全身麻醉下进行手术。

The operation must be performed under general anesthesia.
21.必须做好手术部位的消毒和覆盖工作。

Disinfection and covering of the surgical site must be done well.
22.术中需要密切观察孩子的生命体征。

The vital signs of the child need to be closely monitored during the operation.
23.必须确保手术器械和药品的无菌。

It is necessary to ensure that the surgical instruments and drugs are sterile.
24.需要为患儿提供舒适的手术姿势。

A comfortable surgical position needs to be provided for the child.
25.术中必须确保手术护士的手术台辅助工作。

The surgical nurse's assistance at the operating table must be ensured during the operation.
26.术中医护人员必须紧密合作，共同应对手术过程中出现的问题。

Medical and nursing staff must cooperate closely to deal with any problems that arise during the operation.
27.必须进行心肺机和麻醉机的调试。

The cardiopulmonary machine and anesthesia machine must
be adjusted.
28.必须确保手术室内灭菌灯的正常使用。

It is necessary to ensure the normal use of the
sterilization lamp in the operating room.
29.孩子进入手术室前需要给予镇静处理。

The child needs to be given a sedative before entering
the operating room.
30.必须确保手术室内氧气供应充足。

It is necessary to ensure an adequate supply of oxygen in the operating room.
31.术中需要密切监测孩子的心电图和血氧饱和度。

The child's electrocardiogram and blood oxygen saturation need to be closely monitored during the operation.
32.麻醉师需要监控孩子的麻醉深度。

The anesthesiologist needs to monitor the depth of anesthesia for the child.
33.术中需要避免出现术中大出血的情况。

It is necessary to avoid excessive bleeding during the operation.
34.必须对孩子进行镇痛处理。

Pain relief must be provided for the child.
35.术中需要注意孩子的体温调节。

Attention needs to be paid to the child's temperature regulation during the operation.
36.必须准备好手术后的护理和康复计划。

Preparation of postoperative care and rehabilitation plans must be done well.
37.术后需要对孩子进行密切观察，防止术后并发症的发生。

The child needs to be closely observed after the operation to prevent postoperative complications.
38.有必要定期进行术后复查，以确保手术效果。

Regular postoperative reexamination is necessary to ensure the effect of the operation.
39.必须遵守医嘱，按时给孩子服用药物。

It is necessary to follow the doctor's advice and give the child medication on time.
40.术后需要遵守医嘱，保持孩子的卧床休息。

Postoperative compliance with medical advice is necessary to keep the child bedridden.
41.术后需要定期更换伤口敷料，防止感染。

Regular replacement of wound dressings is necessary after the operation to prevent infection.
42.必须进行定期康复训练，帮助孩子更快地康复。

Regular rehabilitation training must be carried out to help the child recover faster.
43.家长需配合医护人员进行术后护理。

Parents need to cooperate with medical staff for postoperative care.
44.孩子术后饮食需要清淡易消化。

The child's postoperative diet needs to be light and easily digestible.
45.必须密切观察术后的伤口愈合情况。

It is necessary to closely observe the postoperative wound healing.
46.家长需要掌握术后护理常识，以便及时发现问题并处理。

Parents need to master postoperative care knowledge in order to identify and deal with problems in a timely manner.
47.手术后需要定期体检，以确保孩子的身体状况良好。

Regular physical examinations are needed after the operation to ensure the child's physical condition is good.
48.家长需要配合医生的康复指导，帮助孩子进行术后康复训练。

Parents need to cooperate with the doctor's
rehabilitation guidance to help the child with postoperative rehabilitation training.
49.孩子术后需要避免剧烈运动，防止对伤口造成损害。

The child needs to avoid vigorous exercise after the operation to prevent damage to the wound.
50.必须对孩子进行术后心理疏导，帮助孩子积极面对手术后的恢复生活。

Postoperative psychological counseling is necessary for the child to help them face the recovery life actively after the operation.
51.必须遵循医嘱，定期复诊，以便及时发现问题并进行处理。

It is necessary to follow the doctor's advice, have regular follow-up visits in order to identify and deal with problems in a timely manner.
52.家长应该按时带孩子接受术后康复检查。

Parents should take the child for postoperative rehabilitation check-ups on time.。