牛津译林版9A unit4 词汇 语法 综合讲义设计

Unit 4 Growing Up
[单词解析]
1.on one’s mind 挂在心上
扩展keep sth in mind 牢记
2.whenever conj.无论何时;每当[引导时间状语从句和让步状语从句] Whenever you need help,please come to me.
Whenever I mention playing soccer,he says he is too busy.
[补充] no matter +疑问词用于引导让步状语从句，所以第一个列句可以改写成No matter when you need help,please come to me.
3.through prep凭借
He finally became a scientist through a few years of hard work.
4.as soon as 一......就....[引导时间状语从句，若主句为一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表将来含义]
He will call me as soon as she arrives.
5.a great deal of...大量......[其后接不可数名词，相当于a large amount of...]
I still need a great deal of paper.
6.succeed in doing sth 成功地做某事
She succeeded in solving the physics problem.
7.to one’s surprise 令人惊讶的是
To my surprise,Lucy got the first place this time.
[补充] to one’s deligh t 令某人愉快的是
t o one’s appointment 令某人失望的是
t o one’s depression令某人沮丧的是
8.force v.强迫
force sb to do 强迫某人做某事
Don’t force me to do anything I don’t like.
9.remain vi:逗留linking verb:仍然是；保持
remain +adj 保持......
remain to be done 有待于......
When I return home,the food remains good.
The problems remains to be solved.
10.t ake notice of/pay attention to 注意
Please take notice of my announcement.
11.p rove v.证明linking verb. 证明是
prove+宾语
prove （to be）adj/n/介词短语等
I can prove that Jack has nothing to do with the case.
His saving the little boy without hesitation proved his courage.
[补充] prove与turn out
二者搭配及句型类似，只是turn out通常为物做主语，其主动形式表被动含义，而prove则无此限制，并且prove的被动式为be proved.
turn out 证明是，结果是(表示与预期不一样的结果）
prove 证明是，结果是（表示与预期的结果比较吻合）
It turned out to be a mistake.
12.m atter vi:要紧；有关系[此含义相当于count]
What he said doesn’t matter.
[补充] It doesn’t matter. 没关系。

（通常用来回答sorry）
13.break out 爆发（通常指战争，火灾等爆发）
World War II broke out in 1939.
[扩展-break词组]
break down (机器）出故障
break up 结束；散开；破碎
break away 突然逃脱；叛离
break off 停顿
13.s urvive v.幸存;艰难度过；比......活的长久
△survival n.幸存（物）
survivor n.幸存者
In the earthquake,only ten people survived.
Many birds didn’t survive the severe winter.
He survived his wife by ten years.
14.d ie of 死于......(直接原因）若死因存在于人体之上或之内（主要指疾病、衰老等自身的原因),一般用介词of.如：die of illness (heart trouble,cancer,a fever,etc) 死于疾病(心脏病,癌症,发烧等)
die from 死于......(间接原因）若死因不是存在人体之内或之上,而是由环境造成的(主要指事故等方面的外部原因),一般用介词from .如：die from an earthquake (a traffic accident,a lightning,a stroke,etc) 死于地震(交通事故,雷击等)
[补充] die off 相继死去
die away （声音，光）逐渐消失
15.a lthough conj.虽然[引导让步状语从句，与but不能同时连用]
Although he was ill yesterday,he still went to school.
although一般可以与though互换使用。

引导让步状语从句的连词还有even
if/even though(即使）。

16.a gainst prep 反对[反义词for 赞同]
A war against exploitation broke out .
17.try out for...参加......选拔
These teams are going to try out for the Olympic Games.
18.lose heart 泄气
He appealed to his countrymen not to lose heart.
19.i n fear of one’s life 为生命安全担忧
in fear of...惧怕.......
They lived in fear of their master.
20.其他新词
【语法聚焦】
时间状语从句
时间状语从句简单来说就是指用一个句子表达时间状语。

引导时间状语从句的连词初中阶段主要有when/while/as/as soon as/before/after/since/until.
△when/as soon as/before/after/until引导的时间状语从句，主句若用一般将来时(一般现在时/祈使句），从句则用一般现在时。

When she comes,please tell me.
She will telephone me as soon as she arrives in Beijing.
Ants are ready for everything before winter comes.
After I retire,I will live in the countryside to enjoy the beauty of nature.
I will keep waiting until the final bus comes.
The meeting won’t begin until the leader comes.
△since用法
1.since从句为一般过去时，主句用现在完成时。

I have never missed her since we separated.
2.It is/has been+时间段+since 从句（从句用一般过去时）
It is three years since I came to Suzhou.
△until与not until
until多与延续性动词的肯定式或短暂性动词的否定式连用。

【谓语动词/主句的谓语动词】
until作为连词引导时间状语从句若主句用一般将来时，从句要用一般现在时表将来含义，简称主将从现。

I will keep the book until the owner asks me for it.
I won’t go to bed until my father comes home.。