光敏化学作用 英文

光敏化学作用英文
英文回答：
Photochemical Action.
Photochemical action refers to the chemical reactions that are initiated or accelerated by light. These reactions involve the absorption of light energy by a molecule, which then undergoes a chemical transformation. Photochemical reactions are important in a wide variety of natural and industrial processes, including photosynthesis, vision, and the production of vitamin D.
The basic principles of photochemical action are relatively simple. When a molecule absorbs light, its electrons are excited to a higher energy level. This excited state is unstable, and the molecule will quickly return to its ground state by emitting a photon of light or by undergoing a chemical reaction. The type of chemical reaction that occurs will depend on the specific molecule
and the wavelength of light that is absorbed.
Photochemical reactions can be classified into two main types: unimolecular and bimolecular. Unimolecular reactions involve the absorption of light by a single molecule, which then undergoes a chemical transformation. Bimolecular reactions involve the absorption of light by two molecules, which then react with each other.
Photochemical reactions are used in a wide variety of applications. In photosynthesis, light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen. In vision, light energy is used to activate rhodopsin, a protein that triggers the electrical signals that are sent to the brain. In the production of vitamin D, light energy is used to convert 7-dehydrocholesterol into vitamin D3.
Photochemical reactions are also used in a variety of industrial processes. For example, photochemical reactions are used to produce plastics, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. Photochemical reactions are also used in the purification of water and air.
中文回答：
光敏化学作用。

光敏化学作用是指由光引发或加速的化学反应。

这些反应涉及分子吸收光能，然后经历化学转化。

光敏化学反应在多种自然和工业过程中都很重要，包括光合作用、视觉和维生素 D 的产生。

光敏化学作用的基本原理相对简单。

当一个分子吸收光时，它的电子被激发到更高的能级。

这种激发态是不稳定的，分子会通过发射光子或进行化学反应快速返回到其基态。

发生的化学反应类型将取决于特定的分子和所吸收光的波长。

光敏化学反应可分为两类，单分子和双分子。

单分子反应涉及单个分子吸收光，然后发生化学转化。

双分子反应涉及两个分子吸收光，然后相互反应。

光敏化学反应被用于各种应用中。

在光合作用中，光能用于将二氧化碳和水转化为葡萄糖和氧气。

在视觉中，光能用于激活视紫质，这是一种触发发送到大脑的电信号的蛋白质。

在维生素 D 的产生中，光能用于将 7-脱氢胆固醇转化为维生素 D3。

光敏化学反应也用于各种工业过程中。

例如，光敏化学反应用于生产塑料、染料和药品。

光敏化学反应也用于净化水和空气。