阅读长难句分析

长难句分析
Task 1 ：
1. An increasing exodus from their clinics coupled with this and a number of other relevant surveys carried out in Australia all pointing to orthodox doctors’ inadequacies have led mainstream doctors themselves to begin to admit they could learn from the personal style of alternative therapists.
2. If you plot the amount of time a juvenile devotes to play each day over the course of its development you discover a pattern typically associated with a ‘sensitive period’ - a brief development window during which the brain can actually be modified in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life.
3. The flow thought to be in the form of convection currents is powerful enough to fracture the ‘eggshell’ of the crust into plates and keep them bumping and grinding against each other or even overlapping at the rate of a few centimetres a year.
4. Every eruption is different but put at its simplest where there are weaknesses rocks deep in the mantle heated to 1350℃ will start to expand and rise.
5. During quiet periods volcanoes cap themselves with their own lava by forming a powerful cone from the molten rocks slopping over the rim of the crater; later the lava cools slowly into a huge hard stable plug which blocks any further eruption until the pressure below becomes irresistible.
1. 解析：主干信息：An increasing exodus from their clinics have led mainstream doctors themselves to begin to admit they could learn from the personal style of alternative therapists.
2. 解析：条件句：If you plot the amount of time a juvenile devotes to play each day over the course of its development 如果你计算出一个幼崽在成长过程中每天花在玩耍的时间。

主干信息：you discover a pattern typically associated with a ‘sensitive period’你就会发现典型与敏感时间有关的模式。

‘sensitive period’的补充信息：a brief development window during which the brain can actually be modified in ways that are not possible earlier or later in life.
3. 解析：主干信息：The flow is powerful enough to fracture the ‘eggshell’ of the crust into plates and keep them bumping and grinding against each other at the rate of a few centimetres a year. or even overlapping.这种流动足够强大将地壳的“蛋壳”打碎成板块，
并让这些板块以每年几厘米的速度相互碰撞挤压。

The flow 的定语：thought to be in the form of convection currents 被认为是以对流的形式。

grinding against each other 的同位语补充说明：or even overlapping 甚至相互重叠。

4. 翻译：每一次的喷发是不同的，但是简单来说，只要地壳有脆弱的地方，地幔深处的岩石热度达 1350 摄氏度就会膨胀上升。

本句为 but 连接的并列句。

Where 引导地点状语从句。

heated to 1350℃为 rocks 的同位
语补充信息说明。

5. 主干信息：During quiet periods volcanoes cap themselves with their own lava by forming a powerful cone from the molten rocks slopping over the rim of the crater; later the lava cools slowly into a huge hard stable plug.
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定语从句：which blocks any further eruption until the pressure below becomes irresistible.
翻译：在安静期，火山口处流下的融岩形成一个强大的锥体盖住火山;之后岩浆慢慢冷却变成一个巨大，坚硬而稳定的塞子在下面压力无法阻止之前堵住进一步喷发。

Task 2 ：
1. Often the researcher wishes to obtain information about just a single variable in which case a restricted set of questions may be used: a particular feature of pronunciation for example can
be elicited by asking the informant to say a restricted set of words.
2. An important principle is that all corpora what-ever their size are inevitably limited in their coverage and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native speakers of the language through either introspection or experimentation.
3. Since the early years of the twentieth century when the International Athletic Federation began keeping records there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive obxxxxjects them-selves included through space.
4. Over the past century the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably but with increasing global participation in athletics - and greater rewards to tempt athletes - it is more likely that individuals possessing the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early.
5. These methods include strength training that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as plyometrics a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union.
1. 解析：主干：the researcher wishes to obtain information about just a single variable.
定语从句：in which case a restricted set of questions may be used: a particular feature
of pronunciation for example can be elicited by asking the informant to say a
restricted set of words.
翻译：通常，研究者希望找到仅仅一个单一变量的信息。

在这种案例中，有限的几个问题被使用：例如，通过让提供信息者说几个单词，引出发音的特别特征。

2. 解析：主干: An important principle is that all corpora are inevitably limited in their coverage and always need to be supplemented by data derived from the intuitions of native
speakers of the language.
插入语：what-ever their size；through either introspection or experimentation
翻译：一个重要的原则是所有的文集，无论多巨大，不可避免的限制在它们的范围内，总是需要本土说话者的直觉感知获得的数据来补充。

3 解析：主干：there has been a steady improvement in how fast athletes run how high they jump and how far they are able to hurl massive obxxxxjects them-selves included through space. 在跑多快，跳多高，投重物有多远这些方面，运动员们有稳步提高。

时间状语：Since the early years of the twentieth century when the International
Athletic Federation began keeping records 从 20 世纪早期，国际运动联盟开始有记
录
4 解析：主干：the composition of the human gene pool has not changed appreciably but with increasing global participation in athletics it is more likely that individuals possessing
the unique complement of genes for athletic performance can be identified early.人类
基因库的组成没有多大变化，但随着越来越多的参与到体育运动，很有可能那些拥
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有独特运动基因的人可以被及早发现。

插入语： and greater rewards to tempt athletes
5 解析：主干：These methods include strength training.
定语从句：that duplicates what they are doing in their running events as well as
plyometrics
Plymetrics 的同位语解释说明：a technique pioneered in the former Soviet Union
翻译：这些方法包括力量训练，这种训练复制田径项目的方法和 plyometrics一
种前苏联发明白方法。

Task 3 ：
1. Now in the top right-hand comer that building with bigger windows is the Showroom where samples of all the tools that were made through the ages are on display.
2. These were built for the workers towards the end of the eighteenth century and they’re still furnished from that p eriod so you can get a good idea of ordinary people’s living conditions.
3. In this respect the practice of the archaeologist is rather like that of the scientist who collects data conducts experiments formulates a hypothesis tests the hypothesis against more data and
then in conclusion devises a model that seems best to summarise the pattern observed in the data.
4. To archaeology which studies all cultures and periods whether with or without writing the distinction between history and pre-history is a convenient dividing line that recognises the importance of the written word but in no way lessens the importance of the useful information contained in oral histories.
5.Archaeologists in recent decades have developed ‘ethnoarchaeology' where like ethnographers they live among contemporary communities but with the specific purpose of learning how such societies use material culture - how they make their tools and weapons why they build their settlements where they do and so on.
1. 翻译：在左上角，那幛有在窗子的建筑是展示厅，那里所有那个时代制作出来的工具样
本被展示。

2. 翻译：这些（建筑）是为 18 世纪末的工人建造的，它们仍然保留着那时的家具，所以你
可以了解到普通人的生活条件。

3. 翻译：在这方面，考古学家的工作和科学家们的很像，搜集数据，做实验，做假设，有更多数据检验假设，然后做出一个模式可以最好总结数据中观察到的样式。

4. 翻译：对于研究所有文化和时期的考古学来说，是否有没有文字记载是与史前历史的一条分割线，它表明了文字记录的重要性，但并不是说因此减少了口头历史的重要。

5．最近几十年，考古学家发展了‘ethoarchaeology’ 像在这个领域中，像‘ethnographer
一样，他们住在当代社区里但具体的目的是了解社会怎样使用材料文化- 他们怎样制作工具和武器，为什么他们在那里建定居点等等。