高二英语否定句和感叹句知识精讲

高二英语否定句和感叹句
【本讲主要内容】
否定句和感叹句
【知识总结归纳】
一. 否定句：
1.用not构成的否定句：主语+助动词/ be+not+…
例句：
He is not back yet.
It is not true.
We haven’t forgotten you.
You shouldn’t be so silly.
We haven’t been invited yet.
He won’t go, but they will.
Money could not buy happiness.
I like the salad, but I do n’t like this soup.
He wants a girl friend, but he doesn’t want to get married.
You didn’t understand what I said, did you ?
You needn’t try to explain.
I didn’t use to like opera, but now I’m getting interested.
I usedn’t to like opera, but now I’m getting interested.
2.祈使句的否定句：Don’t+动词原形…。

例句：
Don’t worry. I’ll look after you.
Don’t believe a word he says.
Don’t be so rude.
3. 非谓语动词（不定式，分词，动名词）的否定式：把not放在to do; doing; 的前面。

It’s important not to worry.
He said he deeply regretted not being able to help.
Not knowing what to do, Shelly asked advice of her friend.
He reproached me for not having told it to him.
4. not与除谓语以外的其他句子成分连用：
Come early, but not before six.
It’s working, but not properly.
I believe he will succeed, though not without some difficulty.
not用在I hope; I believe; I’m afraid; I guess; I suppose; I expect之后，构成省略句。

—Will it snow today ?
—I hope not.
5. 用no构成否定句：no+名词（单，复数，不可数）相当于not+ a +名词/ not + any +名词
No machine would work for long if it were not properly lubricated.
The nations of Europe and America have found that no country can produce all its needs without trading.
Take that towel, I have no other.
I can walk no farther.
There is no knowing what will happen.
6. 某些否定副词或代词：seldom; never; hardly; rarely; little; few; none; nowhere; neither等在句中构成否定句：
I can seldom find time for reading.
Mirror tells only the facts, never the poetry.
The rumor came from nowhere.
None but fools have ever believed it.
7. 否定转移：当think; believe; suppose; imagine等动词引导否定意义的宾语从句时，把从句中的not提到主句这些动词前面，是主句变成否定句：
I don’t think she’s at home, but I’ll go and see.
I don’t imagine that he’ll enjoy it.
8. 否定式疑问句：
Doesn’t she understand ?
Haven’t you booked your holiday yet ?
部分否定：
注意部分否定的结构：
Not all…=All…not…
Not both…=Both…not…
Not every…=Every…not…
I don’t remember all the names.
All is not gold that glitters.
It is not found everywhere.
Not everyone likes this film.
9. 用否定形式表示肯定的意义：
注意这些句型：
cannot…too.. / cannot… more: 越…就越好；再…不过了。

You cannot be too careful.
A man can never have too many friends.
二. 感叹句：
主要句型：
1. How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！
How+形容词+a / an+单数名词+主语+谓语！
How +主语+谓语！
How pretty a flower it is !
Miss Langham arm in arm with Mr. Peabody—how astonishing a sight!
How you’ve grown!
2. What+ a/an +形容词+名词！
What+形容词+名词（不可数；复数）！
What good news it is!
What a clever boy he is!
What a fuss she made!
What bad weather!
3. If only+陈述句（虚拟语气）！
If only I knew her telephone number!
If only you had worked with greater care!
If only he could come!
【高考点拨】
否定句重在理解；准确理解否定句（如：否定提前；部分否定；表示肯定意义的否定形式）的意义，是完成阅读题的关键之一。

在单选题中注意掌握部分否定的结构；否定提前的反意疑问句，以及对否定疑问的回答。

感叹句中注意在掌握要表达的意义的前提下准确使用How或What。

【题型展示】
1. How _____ you study in!
A. a famous university
B. the famous university
C. famous the university
D. famous a university
分析：考察感叹句的结构：根据How+形容词+a / an+单数名词+主语+谓语！
答案：D
2. Try to retell the story in your own words. ______ afraid to make mistakes.
A. Not to be
B. Don’t
C. No be
D. Don’t be
分析：根据句子意思：不要害怕出错。

这是否定式的祈使句，在句首加Don’t。

答案：D
3. —Remember not to do that again.
—______. I have learned my lessons.
A. Yes, I will.
B. No, I won’t
C. Yes, I won’t
D. No, I will
分析：根据答语：是，我保证不再做了。

答语中的Yes或no的选择要根据事实确定。

“保证不再做了”是否定意义，用No回答。

答案：B
4. —Did you enjoy the trip ?
—I’m afraid not. And _____.
A. my classmates can’t either.
B. my classmates don’t too.
C. neither do my classmates
D. neither did my classmates
分析：根据答语：恐怕我不喜欢，我的同学们也不喜欢。

表示另一些人也不……可以用否定意义的倒装句，Neither+助动词+主语。

答案：D
5. _____ terrible weather we’ve been having these days !
A. How a
B. What a
C. How
D. What
分析：考查感叹句的结构，根据“What+形容词+名词（不可数；复数）！”weather是不可数名词。

答案：D
6. —If our parents would listen more to us, they would understand us better.
—_____. They just expect us to listen.
A. I believe not
B. No problem
C. Good idea
D. I can’t agree more
分析：根据对话的语境，答语是说：我再同意不过了，他们只一味地要我们听话。

cannot…more再……不过了。

答案：D
【实战模拟】
1. —Such a sudden turn in the road is too difficult for the new driver, isn’t it ?
—_____. He’s dealt with all kinds of troublesome situations before.
A. No, it isn’t
B. Yes, it is
C. No, he isn’t
D. Yes, he is
2. Oh. John, _____ you gave us!
A. how a pleasant surprise
B. how pleasant surprise
C. what a pleasant surprise
D. what pleasant surprise
3. _____ girl she is !
A. What bright a
B. How a bright
C. How bright
D. What a bright
4. _____ from Beijing to London !
A. How long way it is
B. What a long way is it
C. How long way is it
D. What a long way it is
5. Do try a second time, _____?
A. shall we
B. won’t you
C. do we
D. don’t we
6. —Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother ?
—I don’t know, ______.
A. and I don’t care
B. nor do I care
C. I don’t care for
D. I don’t care
7. —Aren’t you feeling tired ?
—______, I am rather.
A. Yes
B. No
C. Not at all
D. Never
8. —She isn’t a dancing teacher, is she ?
—______.
A. Yes, she isn’t
B. No, she is
C. Yes, she wasn’t
D. No, but she was.
9. —Will you go shopping with us this afternoon ?
—_____but I’ve got quite a lot of homework to do.
A. of course
B. I’d like to
C. That’s all right
D. No, I won’t
试题答案
1. A 根据答语：He’s dealt with all kinds of troublesome situations before.表明前面的回答应为否定回答：不，这条路对他不难。

2. C 考查感叹句结构，surprise在句中是表示具体意义的名词，前面可以加a,根据感叹句结构：What+ a/an +形容词+名词！选择C
3. D 考查要点同第2句。

4. D
5. B 祈使句的反意疑问句用won’t you或will you表达
6. B 根据答语：我不知道，也不感兴趣。

表示“也不…”可以用否定式倒装句。

由Nor/Neither+助动词+主语构成。

7. A 根据答语I am rather表明“我相当累”事实是肯定意义。

用Yes回答。

8. D A、B、C，三个选项违背了答语形式一致的原则，应排除。

D项中有连词but表示意义发生了转折。

9. B I’d like to表示“我很愿意”A项回答不完整。

D项与后半句内容矛盾。