高考英语高中英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)

高考英语高中英语阅读理解解题技巧讲解及练习题(含答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Melinda Skaar wasn't expecting any phone calls. Skaar was working late in her office at the First Internet bank of California. By 10:45 that night she was almost ready to go home when the phone rang. Picking it up, she heard a guard shouting, "There is a fire! Get out of there." Skaar didn't panic. She figured that it was just a small fire. Her office building was huge. There were 62 floors and her desk was on the 37th floor. Skaar called out to office mate Stephen Oksas, who also stayed late to work. But when they got out to the hallway, they were met by a cloud of black smoke. Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.
Then they called 911. Before they could call their families, however, the line went dead. That meant that they were completely cut off from the outside world. All they could do was wait and hope someone would come to rescue them.
Minutes ticked by. Smoke began to float into the office. Soon it became hard for them to breathe. Looking around, Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded there. That helped for a while, but in time even the workroom was filled with deadly smoke. Hopeless, they tried to break the windows, but the glass was not breakable. Everything they threw at it just bounced back. Defeated, they struggled back to the workroom. They felt weak and dizzy. Soon Skaar found Oksas had passed out.
As Skaar and Oksas lay near death, rescuers were rushing to find them. At last, at about 4 a.m., firefighters found them.
Skaar and Oksas knew they were lucky to be alive. Sunday is my birthday, Skaar told a reporter. She would be turning 29, but she knew she had already got the best present possible—the gift of life.
（1）What did Skaar and Oksas do when they were stopped by the fire?
A. they tried to run down the stairs.
B. they called their families.
C. they waited where they were.
D. they rushed back and shut the door.
（2）The following helped Skaar and Oksas survive the fire except .
A. calling 911 for help
B. shutting the door and keeping the smoke out with a jacket
C. breaking the windows to get some fresh air
D. crowding in a small workroom for clean air （3）What can we conclude from Skaar's action in the fire?
A. she was trained as a firefighter.
B. she was cleverer than Oksas.
C. she had had the experience of being caught in fire.
D. she remained calm in the face of danger.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了两个女孩由于大火被困在36层的大楼内，面
对危险她们临危不惧，终于安然脱险，幸免于难的故事。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“But when they got out to the hallway, they were met by a cloud of black smoke. Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.”可知他们走到走廊时想下楼时，一团黑烟迎面扑来。

他们赶紧跑回去关上门，用她的夹克填满了门底部的空隙，把烟挡在外面。

故选D。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Ska ar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out.”；第二段中的“Then they called 911.”；以及第三段中的“Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded there.”可知在火灾中Skaar and Oksas为了生存做的事，C项没有，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“Rushing back, Skaar shut the door and filled the space at the bottom of the door with her jacket to keep the smoke out. Then they called 911. Looking around, Skaar noticed a small workroom. It seemed to have cleaner air. So they crowded there.和they tried to break the windows,”这些Skaar的行为可知，面对火灾她保持镇静，从容面对。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
What Cocktail Parties Teach Us
You're at a party. Music is playing. Glasses are clinking. Dozens of conversations are driving up the decibel (分贝) level. Yet among all those distractions, you can tune your attention to just one voice from many. This ability is what researchers call the “cocktail-party effect”.
Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound-editing process occurs in the brain — in the auditory cortex (听觉皮层) just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. The auditory cortex boosts some sounds and turns down others so that when the signal reaches the higher brain, “it's as if only one person was speaking alone,” says investigator Edward Chang.
These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people aren't very good at multitasking — our brains are wired for “selective attention” and can focus on only one thing at a time. That inborn ability has helped humans survive in a world buzzing with visual and auditory stimulation (刺激). But we keep trying to push the limits with multitasking, sometimes with tragic (悲剧的) consequences. Drivers talking on cellphones, for example, are four times as likely to get into traffic accidents as those who aren't.
Many of those accidents are due to “inattentional blindness”, in which people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they aren't focusing on. The more attention a task demands, the less attention we can pay to other things in our field of vision. Images land on our retinas (视网膜) and are either boosted or played down in the visual cortex before being passed to the brain, just as the auditory cortex filters sounds, as shown in the Nature study last week. “It's a push-pull relationship —the more we focus on one thing, the less we can focus on others,” says Diane M.
Beck, an associate professor of psychology at the University of Illinois.
Studies over the past decade at the University of Utah show that drivers talking on hands-free cellphones are just as influenced as those on hands-held phones because it is the conversation, not the device, that is distracting their attention. Those talking on any kind of cellphone react more slowly and miss more traffic signals than other motorists.
Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important — like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say.
（1）What have scientists in University of California found about “the cocktail-party effect”?
A. Usually there is only one person who is speaking alone.
B. All kinds of annoying sounds drive up the decibel level.
C. The higher brain processes sounds and images selectively.
D. Sounds are sorted out before reaching the higher brain.
（2）What do we learn from the passage?
A. We are biologically incapable of multitasking.
B. We survive distractions in life by multitasking.
C. We cannot multitask without extra attention.
D. We benefit from pushing the limit with multitasking.
（3）Which of the following is an example of "inattentional blindness"?
A. A careless driver lost his eyesight after a car accident.
B. Police scanned the crowds and located the criminal.
C. A manager talked on a hands-free phone with his client.
D. A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing(低头).
（4）The main purpose of the passage is to ______.
A. compare and contrast
B. inform and explain
C. argue and discuss
D. examine and evaluate
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）D
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，讲述的是“鸡尾酒会效应”的启示。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that sound-editing process occurs in the brain—in the auditory cortex (听觉皮层) just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. ”现在，加州大学旧金山分校（University of California in San Francisco）的科学家找到了这种声音编辑过程在大脑中发生的位置──在耳朵后面的听觉皮层，而不是大脑的高级思维区域。

可知，在到达更高的大脑之前，声音已经被整理出来了，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people aren't very good at multitasking-our brains are wired for ‘selective
at tention’ and can focus on only one thing at a time. ”这些上月发布在《自然》期刊上的研究结果强调了为何人们不是很擅长处理多任务──我们的大脑有“选择性注意”机制，一次只能专注于一件事。

可知，我们在生理上无法同时处理多项任务。

故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Many of those accidents are due to ‘inattentional blindness’, in which people can, in effect, turn a blind eye to things they aren't focusing on.”可知，D项A pedestrian had a car accident because of phubbing.“一个行人因低头族而发生车祸。

”是一个“inattentional blindness”的例子。

故选D。

（4）考查目的意图。

根据最后一段中的“Some people can train themselves to pay extra attention to things that are important — like police officers learn to scan crowds for faces and conductors can listen for individual instruments within the orchestra as a whole. Many more think they can effectively multitask, but are actually shifting their attention rapidly between two things and not getting the full effect of either, experts say. ”有人可以训练自己对重要的事情付出格外的注意力──就像警察学习扫描人群的面孔，以及乐团指挥可以在整个乐团中听到每件乐器的声音。

专家说，更多的人则是自以为可以有效地处理多任务，但他们其实是在两件事之间迅速转移注意力，而并没有全身心地投入到其中任何一件事中。

可知本文的目的是“检查和评估”，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和目标意图三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行讨论推理，概括归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
Seventy-three-year-old George McNeilon selected his food in Value Mart very carefully. After leaving the cashier, he estimated (估计) that he had saved 80 cents and thought that he had got good value for his money again.
At the exit, the chilly wind reminded him of his gloves. "Now where are they?" He searched here and there, but nowhere could he find them. He was sure he was wearing them when he entered the store. The worried man made a second search in all his pockets, again including the grocery bag. He was sure they must have been dropped somewhere inside the store.
George bought the gloves at a 25% discount, for just $30, ten years ago. They were genuine lambskin (小羊皮), soft, warm and durable. Until then, he had worn cheaper man-made material that lasted no more than three years. His impulsive decision to buy the expensive gloves turned out to be a good one, which even promoted his social status on the bus, as passengers stared at him enviously for six months out of the year. He enjoyed being envied.
Bad luck, George thought, to lose his expensive gloves on New Year's Eve. He reentered the store and followed the same route he had walked before. But several minutes of anxious search turned out t o be in vain. "Society has changed. People have changed …" he murmured to himself. "Years ago, if people picked up something lost, they would give it back."
Back home, George was at a loss. In deep winter, he could not do anything without a pair of gloves. If he bought cheap ones, he would have to replace them very soon. If he bought new leather ones, they would cost forty dollars.
After the holiday, poor George decided to buy another pair of leather gloves. Before boarding the subway, he stepped into Value Mart again to see if by any chance his gloves had been returned to the lost and found office.
"What color are they?" the woman in the office asked.
"Black," he answered.
She looked into her drawer and drew out a pair of men's leather gloves.
"Are they?"
"Yes! Those are mine!"
（1）Which of the following is the most probable reason for George's shopping?
A. To kill time in Value Mart as usual.
B. To prepare for the coming New Year.
C. To prove how wise he was with money.
D. To see whether there were gloves on sale.（2）What do we know about old George McNeilon?
A. Pure but impolite.
B. Clever but simple.
C. Economical but vain.
D. Warmhearted but poor.
（3）What can be inferred from the passage?
A. In daily life, accidents will happen.
B. Never ever jump to conclusions.
C. A penny saved is a penny earned.
D. A loss may turn out to be a gain.
【答案】（1）B
（2）C
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，一位老人在除夕夜去超市购物却丢掉手套，并最终找了回来。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“Bad luck, George thought, to lose his expensive gloves on New Year's Eve.”可知George McNeilon是为新年购物，故选B。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“He enjoyed being envied.”可知他虚荣心很强，再根据第一段中的“After leaving the cashier, he estimated (估计) that he had saved 80 cents and thought that he had got good value for his money again.”可知他很经济，很节省，故选C。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据倒数第三段中的“‘Society has changed. People have changed …’ he murmured to hi mself. ‘Years ago, if people picked up something lost, they would give it back.’”可知George认为现在的人们都改变了，而根据后文售货员帮他找回了，所以人不要急于下结论，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
Kyle Cassidy and three other members of the Annenberg Running Group were stretching on the grounds of the University of Pennsylvania, waiting for a few latecomers. The Penn colleagues and other community members meet three days a week for a roughly 30-minute jog and an occasional lecture. That's right― during s ome runs, one of them delivers a talk. Topics range from the brain to Bitcoin.
But on this day last January, it would not be their normal run. The first clue that something was off was the man who sprinted past them. "Running at an amazing pace," Cassidy told Runner's World admiringly. Cassidy discovered why the sprinter was so fleet of foot when another man ran by, yelling, "Help! He took my phone and laptop!"
At that, the group did what running clubs do: They ran, trailing the suspect down the streets of Philadelphia until he ducked into a construction site. The runners split up. Cassidy ran around to the far side of the site to cut the thief off while the others wandered the neighborhood hoping he had dumped the loot (赃物)in a backyard.
No luck. So they decided to ask residents whether they'd seen the guy. When they knocked on the door of one row house, they were in for a surprise. Unknown to them, he had already emerged from the construction site—and was hiding behind a bush by that very house. As the owner opened the door, the suspect darted out from behind the bush ... and right into the arms of campus police, who'd joined the chase shortly behind the runners.
The members of this running group are not hard-core athletes. But they do understand the benefit of a little exercise. ''Running is typically a useless sport where you turn fat cells into heat," Cassidy told The Philadelphia Inquirer. "But occasionally it can be useful, and here was one of those opportunities."
（1）Why do the group members gather together?
A.To do some stretching.
B.To have a regular run.
C.To deliver a lecture.
D.To cover some topics.
（2）What does the underlined word "sprinted" in Paragraph 2 probably mean?
A.Dashed.
B.Pushed.
C.Jumped.
D.Escaped.
（3）We can infer that the success of the chase is mainly due to____ .
A.the assistance of the runners
B.the owner of the row house
C.the campus police on patrol
D.the joint efforts of the people
（4）Which of the following best describes Cassidy?
A.Athletic and generous.
B.Courageous and ambitious.
C.Helpful and humorous.
D.Thoughtful and demanding.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了跑步俱乐部成员和校园警察等众人合力将抢了别人电话和笔记本电脑的嫌犯抓获的故事。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“The Penn colleagues and other community membe rs meet three days a week for a roughly 30-minute jog and an occasional lecture.”宾州大学的同事和其他社区成员每周集结三天，进行大约30分钟的慢跑，可知，小组成员聚在一起是为了进行常规的跑步，故选B。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“"Running at an amazing pace,"”可知，这个人跑的速度非常快，应该是从他们的身边疾驰而过，由此可知画线词词义为“猛冲”，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“At that, the group did what running clubs do: They ran, trailing the suspect down the streets of Philadelphia until he ducked into a construction site.”及第四段中的“As the owner opened the door, the suspect darted out from behind the bush ... and right into the arms of campus police, who'd joined the chase shortly behind the runners.”等细节描写可知，众人（跑步俱乐部成员和校园警察等）合力将抢了别人电话和笔记本电脑的嫌犯抓获，故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Cassidy ran around to the far side of the site to cut the thief off”可知，劫案发生后，卡西迪马上投入到对嫌犯的追捕之中，这说明他乐于助人；再根据最后一段中的“‘Running is typically a useless sport where you turn fat cells into heat,’Cassidy told The Philadelphia Inquirer. ‘But occasionally it can be useful, and here was one of those opportunities.’”卡西迪对记者说“跑步通常是一项无用的运动，你可以将脂肪细胞转化为热量，但偶尔也会有用，这就是其中一个机会”，这是一种诙谐的说法，说明他很幽默，可知，卡西迪既乐于助人又有幽默感，故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读理解
England continues to be one of the most popular tourist destinations in the world. London in particular is one of the most visited cities and draws people in with its appeal, history and pubs. England's smaller cities, like Bath and Oxford, are equally as attractive with a lot of culture and fewer crowds. Liverpool, birthplace of The Beatles, has a rich musical history. The countryside has wonderful natural beauty. Here are some tips on traveling in England.
Free museums—Public museums offer free admission in every city throughout England and the UK. It's a great way to learn about the country's most influential artists and history, and spend a rainy day without paying a cent.
Book early—Book all transportation well in advance, even if you don't plan to use it. Fares can be around £ 2 with a little planning. The Megabus not only runs buses but also provides trains throughout England and is the best choice for cheap travel throughout the country.
Pub food—Eating in England can be quite expensive, but for good cheap and filling meals, visit the local pubs, where you cam get a good meal for less than £10. Besides, the pubs are a great way to meet people!
Get a Taste of UK card—The taste of the UK card offers up to 50% off at selected restaurant. You don't need to be an English to get the card, and you needn't pay the first month's membership fee, which is perfect for most travelers.
Take a free walking tour—Many major cities in England offer free walking tours. They usually last a few hours and are a great way to see the city.
（1）Compared with London, Oxford is ________.
A. more charming
B. less crowded
C. larger in size
D. richer in history （2）Why are visitors advised to eat in local pubs?
A. The food there is sold at a low price.
B. It is likely to meet famous stars there.
C. The service provided there is excellent.
D. There is a friendly but quiet atmosphere there.（3）What do we know from the text?
A. All museums in the UK are free of charge.
B. The best way to travel around England is by bus.
C. Free walking tours are available in most big cities in England.
D. The taste of UK card holders can enjoy discounts at all restaurants.
【答案】（1）B
（2）A
（3）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，就英国旅行作者提出了一些建议。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“England's smaller cities, like Bath and Oxford, are equally as attractive with a lot of culture and fewer crowds.”可知，跟London相比较，Oxford没那么拥挤。

故选B。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“but for good cheap and filling meals, visit the local pubs, where you cam get a good meal for less than £10.”可知，之所以建议游客到当地的酒吧去吃饭，是因为那里的食物价格便宜。

故选A。

(3)考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“Take a free walking tour—Many major cities in England offer free walking tours.”可知，英国大多数大城市都有免费的步行旅游。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，要求考生准确捕捉细节信息，结合题目要求，选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
“Years ago when I was at the Grand Canyon, I remembered someone coming up to the canyon's edge, taking a shot with a camera and then walking away, like 'got it – done', barely even glancing at the magnificent scene in front of him,” Linda Henkel, a scientist at Fairfield University, US told Live Science.
Henkel was surprised by how obsessed (痴迷的) people are with taking pictures these days - before dinner, during friends' birthday parties, on museum tours and so on.
They keep taking pictures because they think that it helps record the moment, but as Henkel's latest study has just found out, this obsession may prevent their brains remembering what
actually happened, reported The Guardian.
In her study, Henkel led a group of college students around a museum and asked them to simply observe 15 objects and photograph 15 others. The next day the students' memory of the tour was tested, and the results showed that they were less accurate in recognizing the objects and they remembered fewer details about them if they photographed them.
''When people rely on technology to remember them — counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves, it can have a negative impact on how well they remember their experiences,” Henkel explained.
But there is also an exception: if students zoomed in to photograph part of an object, their memory actually improved, and those who focused the lens (镜头) on a specific area could even recall parts that weren't in the frame.
So basically, this study is saying that constantly taking pictures can harm your memory. But shouldn't reviewing pictures we have taken help wake up our memories? This is true, but only if we spend enough time doing it.
“In order to remember, we have to access and interact with the photos, rather than just col lect them,” Henkel told The Telegraph. However, previous research has shown that most people never take the time to look over their digital pictures simply because there are too many of them and they aren't usually very organized on their computers.
（1）Why did the author mention Henkel's trip to the Grand Canyon at the beginning? A. To complain about some tourists' bad habits. B. To give suggestions on how to enjoy one's tour.
C. To point out people's obsession with taking pictures.
D. To describe the beautiful view of the Grand Canyon.
（2）What can we learn from Henkel's study?
A. Reviewing pictures always helps people bring back memories easily.
B. Taking pictures in a museum tour helps students recognize objects better.
C. People should spend more time taking pictures than studying real objects.
D. Pictures focusing on the details of objects probably improve people's memories.
（3）The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 5 probably refers to “________”.
A. the camera
B. technology
C. the event
D. an object
（4）What is the article mainly about?
A. People's obsession with taking pictures and its influence.
B. Possible ways of using pictures to improve one's memory.
C. Great harm to memory caused by taking pictures constantly.
D. A believable study into the negative impact of lining cameras often.
【答案】（1）C
（2）D
（3）C
（4）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇议论文，人们都有拍照的喜好，拍照有助于我们记忆。

但是如果我们只是简单地记录下来，而不去欣赏的话，也就没有什么意义，还不如不去拍照。

(1)考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的“Henkel was surprised by how obsessed (着迷的) people are with taking pictures these days – before dinner, during friends birthday parties, on museum tours and so on.”可知，在文中提到Henkel对人们执迷于拍照的惊讶，以此来说明一种现象：人们执迷于拍照的现象。

故选C。

(2)考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“But there is also an exception: if students zoomed (缩放) in to photograph part of an object, their memory actually improved”可知，在拍照时，如果只关注某个细节，可能有助于他们记忆的提高。

故选D。

(3)考查词义猜测。

根据第五段中的“When people rely on techn ology to remember them 一counting on the camera to record the event and thus not needing to attend to it fully themselves” 前面说人们要依靠技术来记住它们时，要依靠照相机来记录事件，那么就完全不需要关注这个事件了。

可知，本句是说如果你要用相机来记录事件，就不需要来关注这个它（事件）。

故选C。

(4)考查主旨大意。

通读全文可知，本文主要叙述现代人痴迷于拍照，是因为拍照有助于记录某一时刻，但不利于他们的记忆。

如果放大拍摄对象或拍下来后再欣赏的话就有助于记忆或回忆。

即本文主要介绍痴迷拍照及其影响。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇生活类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，概括和归纳，选出正确答案。

7．阅读理解
We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide" said researchers from the National University of Singapore.
45 percent of the species studied now reach smaller adult sizes than they did in the past. The researchers pointed out that warmer temperatures and changing habitats, caused by climate change, are possible reasons for shrinking creatures.
" We do not yet know the mechanisms(机制)involved, or why some organism are getting smaller while others are unaffected," the researchers said. "Until we understand more, we could be risking negative consequences that we can't yet quantify."
The change is big in cold-blooded animals. Only two decades of warmer temperatures are enough to make retiles (爬行动物)smaller. An increase of only 1 degree centigrade caused nearly a 10 percent increase in metabolism(新陈代谢). Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards. Fish are smaller now too. Though overfishing has played a part in reducing numbers, experiments show that warmer temperatures also stop fish growing.
Warm-blooded animals aren't immune(免除)from the size change caused by climate change. Many birds are now smaller. Soay sheep are thinner. Red deer are weaken And polar bears are smaller, compared with historical records.
This is not the first time this has happened in Earth's history. 55 million years ago, a warming
event similar to the current climate change caused bees, spiders and ants to shrink by 50 to 75 percent over several thousand years. That event happened over a longer time than the current climate change.
The speed of modem climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times climate change will be shown in the future.（1）What does the text mainly talk about?
A. Why some species become smaller.
B. How climate changes in Earth's history?
C. Climate change has many negative effects.
D. Species are becoming smaller as climate gets warmer.
（2）The underlined word "trumped" m the first paragraph probably mean_________. A. strengthened B. gained C. beaten D. equaled （3）Researchers from the National University of Singapore believe that________.
A. they have found the exact causes for creatures getting smaller
B. all the animals on the earth have become smaller
C. climate change has more negative effects on warm-blooded animals
D. increase in energy use can lead to creatures getting smaller
（4）What does the author feel about the climate change?
A. Disappointed
B. Optimistic
C. Worried
D. Shameful 【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）D
（4）C
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了气候变暖导致许多生物个体变小这一现象，气候变化已对浮游生物产生了有害影响，人类需要尽快采取措施。

（1）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide”可知科学家原来以为二氧化碳的增加会导致物种变大，但是气候的变化让物种反而变小。

故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段中的“We all think plants were expected to get larger with increased carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, but changes in temperature, humidity(湿度)and nutrient availability seem to have trumped the benefits of increased carbon dioxide” 可知科学家原来以为二氧化碳的增加会导致物种变大，但是气候的变化让物种变小。

可知气候的变化打败了二氧化碳带来的影响。

故“beat”与该词同义。

选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Greater use of energy resulted in tiny tortoises and little lizards.”可知大量使用的能源导致物种体型变小。

故选D。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“The speed of modem climate change could mean organisms may not respond or adapt quickly enough, especially those with long generation times cli mate change will be shown in the future.”可知作者担心现代气候变化的速度太快导致有机体无法迅速做出回应。

可知作者对气候变化很担心。

故选C。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测，推理判断和主旨大意四个题型的考查，是一
篇科普类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
Many people have long dreamed of being able to fly around as simply as riding a bicycle. Yet the safety and strength of a flying bike was always a big problem. Over the past 10 years, developments in technology have moved the dream of personal flying vehicles closer to reality. Now, two groups of inventors say such vehicles may be available soon.
The British company Malloy Aeronautics has developed a prototype (原型) of its flying bicycle. Grant Stapleton, marketing sales director of Malloy Aeronautics, says the Hoverbike is able to get in and out of small spaces very quickly." It can be moved across continents very quickly because it can be folded and packed," he adds.
Mr. Stapleton says safety was the company's main concern. He says the designers solved the safety issue by using overlapping rotors to power the vehicle.
The company is testing a full-size prototype of the Hoverbike, which will most likely be used first by the police and emergency rescue teams.
In New Zealand, Martin Aircraft Company is also testing a full-size prototype of its personal flying device, called the Jetpack. It can fly for more than 30 minutes, up to 1, 000meters high and reach a speed of 74 kilometers per hour.
Peter Coker is the CEO of Martin Aircraft Company. He said the Jetpack "is built around safety from the st art". In his words, “Reliability is the most important element of it. We have safety built into the actual structure itself, very similar to a Formula One racing car.
The Jetpack uses a gasoline-powered engine that produces two powerful jet streams. Mr. Coker says it also has a parachute that would be used, if there should be an emergency. "It starts to work at very low altitude and actually saves both the aircraft and the pilot," he adds. Mr. Coker says the Jetpack will be ready for sale soon.
（1）We can learn from the passage that the Hoverbike .
A. can hardly get in and out of small spaces quickly
B. can fly for over 30 minutes, up to l, 000 meters high
C. has been used by the police and emergency rescue teams
D. can be transported quickly after being folded and packed
（2）Peter Coker uses the example of Formula One racing car to show that .
A. the Jetpack is very safe and reliable
B. the engine of the Jetpack is powerful
C. the actual structure of the Jetpack is unique
D. the Jetpack can reach a great speed and height
（3）The underlined word "It" in the last paragraph refers to .
A. the jet stream
B. the engine
C. the Jetpack.
D. the parachute
（4）What is the author's main purpose of writing the passage?
A. To describe the problems of inventing flying vehicles.
B. To introduce the latest development of flying vehicles.
C. To show the differences between two flying vehicles.
D. To advertise the two personal。