湖南省株洲市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文改错训练(2)

株洲市2014高考英语阅读理解、短文改错训练（2）及答案
(第******篇)
Find Which Direction Is South
Do you have a good sense of direction? If not, please take with you a compass. But if you forget to take a compass, you can still find your way.
It’ s never a good idea to im agi ne that the family member who was entrusted(委托
by the slightly confused look on their faces that nothing on the ground seems to match the map. Never mind. The sun is shining and it’ s still morning. If you don’t know the exact time, you can still find out where south is, but you’ll need to be patient.
①Find a straight stick and put it in the ground in a place where you can mark its shadow.
②Try to position the stick as vertica lly(垂直) as you can.You can check this by making a simple plumb line (铅锤线)with a piece of string and weight. You haven’ t got any string？OK, use a thread from your clothes with a button tied at the end to act as a weight.
③Mark the end of the shadow cast by the stick.
④Wait approximately half an hour and mark the end of the shadow again.
⑤Keep doing this until you have made several marks.
⑥The mark nearest the stick will represent the shortest shadow, which is cast at midday, when the sun is highest in the sky and pointing to the exact south.
⑦Pick a point in the distance along the line between the shortest shadow and the stick.
⑧That point is south of where you are.
⑨Now you can turn the map, like you did before, and find which way you should be travelling.
[语篇解读] 你有好的方向感吗？如果没有，那就要带上指南针。

如果没带指南针呢？你仍然可以用其他方法找到方向，本文就是教你如何找到方向的。

1．To find the direction, we ought to be patient probably because________.
A. it is not easy to find a proper stick
B. it is not easy to position the stick
C. it takes hours to make the marks
D. it takes about half an hour to make the marks
[解析] 推理判断题。

依据文章中的可以看出，做阴影的标记最费时间，所以要耐心。

[答案] C
2．The passage would probably be most helpful to________.
A. those who draw maps
B. those who get lost
C. those who make compasses
D. those who do experiments
[解析] 推理判断题。

依据文章第二段，“我们发现地图上的标记跟身边的不一致”，可以知道这是迷路时的现象，所以答案为B。

[答案] B
3．Which of the following pictures best shows the way of finding the direction of south?
[解析] 依据文章中⑥的叙述，可知：离树棍最近的那条线代表的阴影最短，证明当时太阳在天空最高，指向的就是最南方，对应的正好是A。

[答案] A
4．The author presents this passage by________.
A. telling an interesting story
B. describing an activity in a lively way
C. testing an idea by reasoning
D. introducing a practical method
[解析] 细节理解题。

本文介绍的这种方法切实可行，所以作者是通过讲述一个很实用的方法来阐述这篇文章的。

[答案] D
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阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出最佳选项。

A
How often do you travel by plane?
How much electricity do you use? These days everyone is worried about the size of their carbon footprint. In order to reduce global warming we need to make our carbon footprints smaller. But how much CO2 are we responsible for?
A new book by Mike Berners Lee (a leading expert in carbon footprint) might be able to help. How Bad are Bananas? The Carbon Footprint of Everything looks at the different things we do and buy, and calculates the amount of CO2 all of the following created: the ingredients, the electricity used in the brewery, the equipment, the travel and commuting of the beer, and the packaging. It’s amazing how many different things need to be included in each calculation. And it’s frightening how much carbon dioxide everything produces.
But all of this can help us decide which beer to drink. From Berners-Lee’s calculations, it’s clear that a pint (568ml) of locally-brewed beer has a smaller carbon footprint than a bottle of imported beer. This is because the imported beer has been transported from far away, and it uses more packaging. The local beer only produces 300g of CO2, but the imported beer produces 900g! So, one pint of local beer is better for the environment than three cans of cheap foreign lager from the supermarket.
Berners-Lee has even calculated the carbon footprint of cycling to work. Nothing is more environmentally-friendly than riding a bike, surely? Well, it depends on what you’ve had to eat before. To ride a bike we need energy and for energy we need food. So if we eat a banana and then ride a kilometer and a half, our footprint is 65g of CO2. However, if we eat bacon before the bike ride, it’s 200g. In fact, bananas are good in general because they don’t need packaging, they can be transported by boat and they grow in natural sunlight.
So, does th is mean that cycling is bad for the environment? Absolutely not, for
a start, if you cycle, you don’t use your car, and t he fewer cars on the road, the fewer traffic jams. And cars in traffic jams produce three times more CO2 than cars traveling at speed. Cycling also makes you healthy and less likely to go to a hospital. And hospitals have very big carbon footprints!
So may be it’s time for us all to start making some changes. Pass me a banana and a pint of local beer, please.
1. According to Berners-Lee, which of the following produces the most carbon dioxide？
A. A pint of local beer we drink.
B. A pint of imported beer we drink.
C. A banana we eat before a bike ride.
D. The bacon we eat before a bike ride.
2. Why are bananas good in general?
A. They grow naturally.
B. They produces less CO2.
C. They don’t need packaging.
D. They provide energy for cycling.
3. The underl ined word “brewery” in Paragraph 3 most probably means “___________”.
A. a factory where beer is made
B. a machine which makes beer
C. a container where beer is stored
D. one of the things from which beer is made
4. To make our carbon footprints smaller, we should often ___________.
A. cycle to work
B. drink more local beer
C. calculate the amount of CO2
D. buy cheap things from the supermarkets
5. What’s the most suitable title for the passage?
A. Bikes, Beer and Bananas
B. Starting to Make Changes
C. How Big Is Your Carbon Footprint?
D. The Carbon Footprint of Everything
参考答案 BBAAC
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短文改错（满分10分）
下面文中共有10处语言错误，要求你在错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。

增加：在缺词处加一个漏词符号（/\），并在该句下面写出该加的词。

删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。

修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。

注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。

例如：
In March 1984, Dr John Fellows, who lived in England, and decided to visit his married daughter
in the USA. He bought a return air ticket to New York and flew Kennedy Airport. When he
reached, however, he realized that he had forgotten his daughter’s address. Worse
even, he
discovered he can’t remember her fam ily name too! Dr Fellows spent several hours at the
airport tried to think what his daughter’s name was and where it was which she lived, but
with much luck. Eventually, he decided that he would have to give up his plan to visit her and he
caught a next plane back to England.
参考答案\\\\\ 短文改错（满分10分）
In March 1984, Dr John Fellows, who lived in England, and decided to visit his married daughter
in the USA. He bought a return air ticket to New York and flew/\ Kennedy Airport. When he
to
reached, however, he realized that he had forgotten his daughter’s address. Worse even, he
arrived still discovered he can’t remember her family name too! Dr Fellows spent several hours at the
couldn’t either
airport tried to think what his daughter’s name was and where it was which she lived,
but
trying that
with much luck. Eventually, he decided that he would have to give up his plan to visit her and he
no
caught a next plane back to England.
The
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【庖丁解牛】
pretend they care when they really don’t care all that much. While the expression may not often be sincere, it is always spoken. The point is that people say it all the time when they like.
26. How does the author underst and Maxie’s word?
A. Maxie shows her anxiety to the author.
B. Maxie really wished the author a good day.
C. Maxie encourages the author to stay happy.
D. Maxie really worries about the author’s security.
[点拨] D 细节理解题根据文章的第一段最后两句可知，特别是“…cares about me and wishes me well”等字眼。

可知道是B项。

28. By saying “Have a nice day,” a stranger may ________.
A. try to be polite to you
B. express respect to you
Hitoshi Sakamoto, an anthropology student at Temple University in Tokyo reports similar experiences.
Question:
What is the similarity between Doreen Sykora and Hitoshi Sakamoto?
A. They are students from the same university.
B. They failed in all the examinations.
C. They both had experiences of test anxiety.
D. They both had the same poor studying habits.
Exercise 2
I used to think education was the most important thing in my life. Recently my attitude has b egun to change, although I still hold that it is essential for everyone in the world today. As a top junior student in my college, I was asked to make a speech on how to learn English we ll. Standing in front of the audience and facing so many freshmen, I was trembling. I didn't remember any word that I had prepared. I van out of the conference room without finishing my speech, leaving everyone puzzled. I cried that night in my room, feeling that I was a loser. Studying takes up so much of my
time that I feel unable to really develop myself. I am just storing knowledge, which I can't communicate with others. I have received many awards in school, but they don't necessarily reflect anything about me. I don't know how to socialize. When I leave school 1 fear I will be of no use to society.
Question:
The author feels fearful that she will be of no use to society mainly because .
A. she is unable to develop herself
B. studying takes too much of her time
C. she does not know how to communicate with others
D. she feels that she is a failure
Exerc ise 3
However, the best way to see New York is undoubtedly on foot. Central Park is an ideal place to start a walking tour of New York City—843 acres of shining ponds and lush greenery attract locals and tourists. And apart from offering breathtaking scenery, it is a centre for recreation. Visitors can listen to music groups, watch performers, walk along the trails and even take a romantic ride in a horse carriage. Question:
According to the passage , you can do all the following things in Central Park EXCEPT .
A. enjoy the be autiful scenery
B. watch great performance
C. go for a swim
D. take a ride on a horse carriage.
Exercise 4
Be careful when driving on country roads at night in cold weather. Cattle and native animals such as kangaroo s li e on the bitumen road surface which holds the warmth of the sun. Car lights can blind and mesmerize the animals and they may just as eas ily run into your vehicle as run away from it.
Question:
When driving on a country mad at night in cold weather, divers should be careful not to hit
A. children
B. some animals
C. other cars
D. low flying birds
Exercise 5
There are other kinds of music that are important to Americans. One is called folk music. It tells stories about the common life of Americans. Another is called country music. This was started by cowboys who would sing at night to the cows they were watching. Today, any music about country life and the love between country boy and his girl is called country music.
Question:
From the passage we can learn that country music today is about .
A. the common life of Americans
B. country life and love stories
C. the life of cowboys
D. the school life in America
Avoid high-fat foods. Dishes that look oily or creamy may have large amount of fat. Choose learn
Exercise 2
Most painters discover a style of painting that suits them and stick to that, especially if people admire their pictures. But Picasso, the great Spanish painter, was like a man who had not yet found his own particular style of painting. He kept on struggling to find the perfect expression till his death in 1973.
Some of Picasso’s paintings are rich, soft colored and beautiful. Others are ugly, cruel and strange. But such paintings allow us to imagine things for o urselves. They force us to say to ourselves. “What does he see that makes him paint like that?" And we begin to look beneath the surface of the things we see.
Picasso painted thousands of pictures in different styles. Sometimes he painted the natural look of t hings: Sometimes he seemed to break them apart and throw the pieces in our faces. He showed us what the mind knows as well as what the eyes see. At the age of 90 he rem ained as curious about the wo rld as he had been when he was young. That is why people have called him "the youngest painter in the world". Questions:
1. In the passage the writer mainly wants to tell us________
A. something about some pictures which have different styles
B. something about Picasso’s style of painting
C. that it is not easy for a painter to find his own style
D. that Picasso never found his own particular style
2. The ugly, cruel and strange paintings by Picasso________
A. make us try to notice something inside the painted things
B. allow us to ask questions about them
C. force us to question everything we see
D. cause us to think that what Picasso saw was different from what we see
3. Picasso is regarded as "the youngest painter in the world" because_________
A. he looked young when he was old
B. he observed things with the eyes and the mind
C. he never stopped painting even when he was old
D. he never gave up looking for something new
4. What do you suppose the writer thinks of Picasso's paintings?
A. He doesn't understand any of them.
B. He thinks some of them are valuable, but some are not.
C. He admires them, including the ugly ones.
D. He doesn't like any of them, but he admires the painter.
5. From the third paragraph we can learn that_______
A. it is never too old to learn
B. knowledge is power
C. no pains, no gains
D. all roads lead to Rome
[帮你归纳]
这类题主要是针对who, what, which, why, how, when, where等来提问的。

如：
(1) Which of the following statements is true / NOT true / false, according to the passage?
(2) Which of the following statements is (not) correct?
(3) In the passage, which of the following is mentioned / not mentioned?
(4) All the following statements are (not) true EXCEPT ______.
(5) Choose the right order of the events given in the passage?
(6) When/Where did the story happen?
(7) Which of the foll owing may be the best reason for .
了解这些题目的设计特点对正确解题有一定帮助。

一般来说，设计这些题目时，编题者经常会换用不同的词、词组、短语、句型、或其它不同的表达方式来表达文段中某一相应的词、词组、短语、句型或表达方式所表达的同一意思，以此来考察读者对文段中某一信息的理解。

解答这类阅读理解题尤其要求我们熟练把握所学范围内的词汇、短语、句型及其意义和用法。

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(2010·河北部分重点联考)
Dear Anish，
Here are the information about Manchester University.1.________ It is about 200 miles far away from London, and it 2.________
has a very big schoolyard. You can live in the school3.________ or near the school. They have all sorts of course.4.________
I'm sure you will find one you like it. I know you5.________
are particular interested in human rights. So I will 6.________ see that there is anything on their website(网址).7.________
I'll send my friend Charlie meet you at the airport8.________
when you arrived. You met him a few years ago, but he 9.________
has changed a lot since then. Both your aunt or I look10.________
forward to seeing you again.
See you soon.
Peter
答案与解析：
1．are→is information是不可数名词，谓语动词应使用单数形式。

2．去掉far far通常不与表示具体距离的数词连用。

3．√
4．course→courses根据句中的all sorts of可知，这里要表示的是各种各样的课程，因此应用复数形式。

5．去掉it “(that) you like”是定语从句，修饰先行词one。

在从句中，关系代词that作like的宾语，所以it多余。

6．particular→particularly interested是形容词，应使用副词修饰。

7．that→if/whether根据上一句中的内容可知这里的意思是看网络上“是否”有相关信息。

8．meet前加to 此处是不定式表示目的。

9．arrived→arrive如果主句是一般将来时，时间状语从句通常用一般现在时。

10．or→and此处是“both...and...”结构，表示“两者都”。

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