1句子的用途分类

一、句子的用途分类
英语句子按其用途可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句四种。

一、陈述句
用于陈述事实或观点的句子叫做陈述句。

分为肯定句和否定句两种。

1、肯定句
I enjoy playing computer games. play the drums
She listens to English every morning.
2、否定句
I don’t enjoy playing computer games.
She doesn’t listen to English every morning.
二、疑问句
用于提问的句子叫做疑问句。

分为一般疑问句、特殊疑问句、选择疑问句、反意疑问句四种。

1、一般疑问句
Does she listen to English every morning？
2、特殊疑问句
What does she listen to every morning? who/whom
She loves Rain.
Who loves Rain?
Whom/Who does she love?
3、选择疑问句
Does she listen to English or music every morning?
I like dogs and cats.-->Do you like dogs or cats?
Have we got any beer and wine? =Do we have any beer and wine?
4、反意疑问句
She listens to English every morning，doesn’t she?
三、祈使句
用于表示请求、命令、劝告、建议等的句子叫做祈使句。

祈使句的主语一般省略，但其隐含主语通常为you。

祈使句否定结构是在句首加don’t。

Look out/be careful/watch out! there's a car coming.
Don’t open the door.
四、感叹句
用于表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子叫做感叹句。

1、what引导的感叹句
What a beautiful watch!
2、how引导的感叹句
How beautiful the watch is!
二、句子的结构分类
英语句子按其结构可分为简单句、并列句、复合句三种。

五、简单句
只有一个主语(或并列主语)和一个谓语动词(或并列谓语动词)的句子成为简单句。

He enjoys listening to music.
My father and my uncle always chat with each other in English.
He stopped the car and waited for Sally.
六、并列句
两个或两个以上的简单句用等立连词(或用“；”、冒号“：”、逗号“，”等)连在一起构成的句子叫并列句。

常用的等立连词有and(和)、so(因此,所以)、but(但是)、however(然而)、then(然后)、or(或者,否则)、otherwise(否则)、not only…but also…(不仅…而且…)、neither…nor…(既不…也不…)、either…or…(要么…要么…;不是…就是…)、while(而)、for(因为)等。

The light was red，so I had to stop my car.
He is over/more than sixty，but he does not look old at all.
I had a drink，then I went home.
Either we go now or we remain/stay here forever.
Neither I would go there nor he comes here.
七、复合句
有一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句所构成的句子结构叫复合句，也叫主从复合句。

从句根据复合句中的作用分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、定语从句、状语从句、同位语从句。

That he had made a mistake is strange. =It is strange that he had made a mistake.(主语从句)
I believe (that) I can learn English well.(宾语从句)
The problem is whether/if they will be able to help us.(表语从句)
Most adults(=Most of the adults) who are learning a foreign language would disagree with this suggestion.(定语从句)
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.(状语从句)
They were worried about the fact that you were sick.(同位语从句)
四、英语五大基本句型
一、主＋谓
1. Day broke.
2. The car stopped.
3.The kite rises in the sky.
4. The books sold out in a week.
5.Someone is knocking.
6.The boy is jumping with joy.
7.He died the day before yesterday.
die v.
dead adj.
death n.
8.The ambulance is arriving.
9.The sun is rising/setting. (rise vi.<=>set vi.)
10.He is groaning.
11.He works hard every day.
everyday adj.每天的=daily（修饰名词）
every day adv.每天地（修饰动词）
12.The plane took off/landed five seconds ago.
13.She woke up a few minutes ago.
14.Things changed.
15.The kettle is boiling. teapot
16.What happened yesterday?
二、主＋谓＋宾
1.Do you know these people(them)？(名词或代词做宾语)
2.I can't express myself in English.(反身代词做宾语)
3.He smiled a strange smile.(同源宾语)
4.We can't afford to pay such a price.(不定式做宾语)
5.Would you mind waiting a few minutes？(动名词做宾语)
Would you mind opening the door?
Would you mind my opening the door?
6.I hope that I have said nothing to pain you.(从句做宾语，即：宾语从句) no pains, no gains.
注意：并不是所有的及物动词都可以接上述各种情况做宾语，不同的动词有不同的用法，所以，在学习动词时，一定要掌握其用法。

三、主＋系＋表
常用的系动词有:
（一）、表示特征和存在状态的：be, feel, seem, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;(二)、表示状态延续的：remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;（三）、表示状态变化的：become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow;
1.Mr.Brown is an engineer.(名词做表语)
2.Gradually he became silent.(形容词做表语)
The cake tastes delicious/yummy/tasty. (形容词做表语)
The potatoes went bad in the fields. (形容词做表语)
Deep water stays still.(形容词做表语)
I feel unhappy. (形容词做表语)
3.She remained standing for an hour.(现在分词做表语)
4.The question remained unsolved.(过去分词做表语)
5.The machine is out of order/in order.(介词短语做表语) in
6.The television was on.(副词做表语)
7.His plan is to keep the affair secret.(动词不定式做表语)
He seems to be a good teacher. (动词不定式做表语)
8.My job is repairing cars/to repair cars.(动名词/不定式做表语)
I love learning English.
I love to learn English.
9.The question is what you want to do.(从句做表语，即：表语从句)
注意：在下面的句子中，形容词做表语，在表语的后面常常接不定式结构。

I am happy to meet you.
They are willing to help.
We are determined to follow his example.
四、主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾
动词可以称作双宾语动词，在英语中，这样的动词并不多，在学习时，要牢记。

后面的
宾语为间接宾语和直接宾语，其中间接宾语在前，一般表人，直接宾语在后，一般表物。

1. She │ordered │herself │a new dress. （名词作直接宾语）
2. She │cooked │her husband │a delicious meal. （名词作直接宾语）
cook v.做饭 n.厨师 cooker n.厨具
3. He │brought │you │a dictionary. （名词作直接宾语）
4. He │denies │her │nothing. （代词作直接宾语）
5. I │showed │him │my pictures. （名词作直接宾语）
6. I │gave │me│three. （代词作直接宾语）
7. I │told │him │that the bus was late. （从句做直接宾语）
8. He │showed │me │how to run the machine.（动词不定时做直接宾语）
注意：但若要先说出直接宾语（事物），后说间接宾语（人），则要借助于介词to或for。

如：He brings cookies/biscuits to me every day. 再如：She made a beautiful dress for me.
用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。

常借助to跟双宾语的动词有bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等；
用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。

常借助for跟双宾语的动词有buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。

五、主＋谓＋宾＋宾补（或主+谓+主补）
在此句型中的动词，叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词，在英语中，这样的动词也不多。

后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的，宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。

这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式，因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。

下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。

1.He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补)
2.They called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补)
3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语做宾补)
4.We went to her house but found her out.(副词做宾补)
5.What do you advise me to do？(不定式做宾补)
6.We thought him to be an honest man.(不定式做宾补)
7.He believed them to have discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补)
8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补)
9.Did you notice him come in？(不带to的不定式做宾补)
Did you notice him coming in?(现在分词做宾补)
10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词做宾补)
I saw her chat with Nancy.(不带to的不定式做宾补)
11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补)
注意：在这个结构中，可以出现用it做形式上的宾语，把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。

在此结构中，宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。

即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。

1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her.
分析：it是形式宾语，hisduty是宾语补足语，to mention this to her是真正的宾语。

2.I think it best that you should stay with us.
分析：it是形式宾语，best是宾语补足语，that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。

六、相关问题
1.习惯用语的使用
在英语中，有很多动词习惯用语，在学习的过程中，要注意它们的使用，不必分析单独每个词的使用。

例如：
We are short of money.(be short of中short做表语)
She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的宾语)
He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)
We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for后面的the rain是宾语，to stop 是宾语补足语)
2.在英语中，大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词，而且还会有一些固定词组，因此一个动词可以用于几种句型。

例如：ask
①Did you ask the price？(直接接名词做宾语)
②She asked them their names.(接双宾语)
③I asked James to buy some bread.(接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语)
④I asked to speak to Fred.(接不定式做宾语)
⑤Didn't you ask him in？(在此句中和副词in连用)
⑥He has asked for an interview with the President.(组成固定词组ask for)
3.There be句型是一种特殊的句子，真正的主语在后面，含义为“有…”
①谓语动词和主语保持一致：There is a television in the sitting room.
②有两个或更多的主语时，动词一般和最近的一个保持一致：There are two girls and
a boy dancing in the hall.
③主语的后面有时有修饰语：There are a lot of difficulties facing us.There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do).
④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight./There was little change in him.
⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。

There used to be a cinema here.
There seems to be something the matter with her.
Is there going to be any activity tonight？
⑥there be句式变疑问句，把be提前；变翻译疑问句也要借助there。

Is there any hope of getting the job？
There is nothing wrong with your watch，is there？
⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如：live，follow，come，stand，sit，exist等不及物动词：
Once upon a time，there lived a fisherman on the island.
There came a knock at the door.
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
⑧用于非谓语的情况下，有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being：
You wouldn't want there to be another war.(不定式的复合结构)
The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(动名词的复合结构)
There being nothing else to do，we went home.(独立主格结构)
词类和句子成分关系列表
主语宾语表语定语状语宾(主)语补足语名词√√√√√√
代词√√√√√
形容词√√√
副词√√√
数词√√√√√
不定式√√√√√√
分词√√√√
动名词√√√√√
名词短语√√√√
■巩固性练习：请判断下列句子的结构类型
1.He is running.
2.The loud voice made him angry.
3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.
4.She seemed angry.
5.My father bought me a beautiful present.
6.Why do you keep your eyes closed？
You must keep learning.
7.Will you tell us an exciting story？
8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.
9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.
10.Can you push the window open？
答案：
1.主语---动词
2.主语---动词---宾语---补语
3.主语---动词---宾语---宾语
4.主语---动词----表语
5.主语---动词---宾语---宾语
6.主语---动词---宾语---宾语
7.主语---动词---宾语---补语
8.主语---动词---宾语---补语
9.主语---动词---宾语---补语
10.主语---动词---宾语---补语
五、名词性从句
在复合句中担当主语、宾语(包括介词宾语)、表语和同位语的从句分别称为主语从句(subject clause)、宾语从句(object clause)、表语从句 (predicative clause)和同位语从句(apposition clause)。

这些从句在句中的作用相当于名词通常在句中所起的作用，因此统称为名词性从句（noun clause）。

一、引导名词性从句的常见连接词（共三类）
1、连词（5个）：that、whether/if、as if/as though
2、连接代词（5个）：what(whatever)、who(whoever)、whom(whomever)、which(whichever)、whose
3、连接副词（4个）：when(whenever)、where(wherever)、 how (however) 、why
连接词whether /if(是否)，as if/as though(好象)，just as(就像) that(没有实义)在从句中不充当任何句子成分，只起连接作用。

而连接代词与连接副词除了起连接作用外，还在从句充当某一个句子成分，可以做从句的主语、宾语和表语等。

二、主语从句
在复合句中，用作句子主语的从句叫做主语从句。

1、主语从句通常由从属连词that(不能省略)、whether和连接代词what、who、which、whatever，whoever以及连接副词how，when，where，why等词引导。

that在句中无词义，只起连接作用，不可省略；连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用，在从句中充当从句的成分。

That he suddenly fell ill last week made us surprised.
Whether the meeting will be put off has not been decided yet.(主语从句中不可用if)
What they are talking about is nothing valuable.
Whatever she did is wrong.
Who will go is not important.
Whoever used to have another name raise your hand.
How the book will sell depends on its author.
When she will be back is still a question.
Where they had put the files troubled the spy.
Why he suddenly disappeared is still a mystery.
2、有时为避免句子头重脚轻，常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首，而把主语从句置于句末。

常用句型如下：
（1）It + be + 名词 + that从句
It is common knowledge that………是常识
It is a surprise that…令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that…事实是……
（2）It + be + 形容词 + that从句
It is necessary that…有必要……
It is important that…重要的是……
It is obvious that…很明显……
（3）It + be + 动词的过去分词 + that从句
It is believed that…人们相信……
It is known to all that…众所周知……
It has been decided that…已决定……
（4）It + 不及物动词 + that 从句
It appears that…似乎……
It happens that…碰巧……
It occurred to me that…我突然想起……
It is a big surprise that he is still alive.
It is natural that we (should) keep our promise.
It doesn't matter what you do.
It worries his parents that he has disappeared.
It is still doubtful whether she would play the part.
It is a mystery how the prisoner escaped.
It is estimated that the trip would take a year.(从句可提前)
It is said/reported that he was a spy during the war.(从句不可提前)
Whether or not she will go to Japan is up to her. (从句可提前)
It doesn’t matter whether he likes it or not. (从句不可提前)
3、主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语，谓语动词通常用单数。

但如果由and 连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时，谓语动词用复数；由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句，谓语动词用单数。

When the meeting will begin has not been decided yet.
When they will start and where they go have not been decided yet.
When and where the meeting will begin has not been decided.
4、虚拟语气在主语从句中的应用。

当主语从句用来表示建议、惊奇、猜测、惋惜等语气时，主语从句的谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +动词原形”形式，should常被省略。

常见的句型有：
It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that…
It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that …
It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
三、宾语从句
在复合句中，用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。

1、引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句、表语从句的关联词大致一样。

宾语从句可以作动词、介词和形容词的宾语。

（1）、用作动词的宾语
I guess/suppose/think/believe (that) you are right.
She still wondered when she would leave school.
Have you decided whom you will take to Australia?
I knew whose dictionary it is.
You can choose which you like best.
I will read whichever book you recommend.
He told us（that）he felt ill.
She reminded me that I had a meeting to attend.
He has informed me when they are to discuss the work plan.
be going to do sth.
will do sth.
be doing sth.(短期的将来)
be about to do sth.
be to do sth.
You can give whoever comes a reading list. = You can give a reading list to whoever comes.
The club will buy whoever wins a flat.
You can choose whatever you like in the shop.
（2）、用作介词的宾语
That depends on/upon where we shall go.
The singer still worries about where to live.
The price depends on/upon how many you will buy.
He was pleased with what had occurred that day.
His father was not satisfied with what he had.
She walked up to where I stood.
He goes to the library every day except when it is raining.
（3）、用作形容词的宾语
I'm afraid/scared (that) you don't understand what I said.
I'm suprised (that) I didn't see all that before.
I am not sure what I ought to do.
（4）、用it作形式宾语的情况
①、同it作形式主语一样，我们常用it来作形式宾语，把真正的宾语从句放在句末。

常见句型为“动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句”，句中的that不可省略。

I found it strange that he has not come yet.
I found (that) it’s hard to learn English.
I found it hard to learn English.
He has made it clear that he won’t agree to the plan.
We consider it necessary that we should open the door.
We thought it strange that Xiao Wang did not come yesterday.
He has made it clear that he will not give in.
He just took it for granted that he would pass the exam.
.②、由于that引导的宾语从句一般不可以直接作介词的宾语，因此当介词后面需要用that从句作宾语时，必须使用it作形式宾语。

You may depend on it that I shall always support you. 你可以放心我会永远支持你的。

I'll see to it that your problem will be dealt with immediately. 我保证你的问题会立即得到处理的。

2、宾语从句的语序
和其他词性的从句一样，宾语从句必须使用陈述语序，不能用疑问语序。

I wonder what has he told you．【误】→I wonder what he has told you．【正】
①、“What is the time?”she asked
→She asked what the time was.
②、“Who is she？”he asked
→He asked who she was.
③、“Who is there?”he asked me.
→He asked me who was there.
④、“Who can answer this question?”she asked.
→She asked who could answer that question.
⑤、“Who is the best player?”she asked me
→She asked me who was the best player.
→She asked me who the best player was.
⑥、“What’s the matter?” she asked
→She asked what was the matter.
→She asked what the matter was.(中国老师认为是错误的！)
Michael Swan's Practical English Usage, 3rd edition（2005）, 278.7条:
习题：
Could you tell me___________________?
A.what’s wrong with you?
B.what worng with you is?
3、宾语从句中的时态
1．一般情况下，宾语从句的时态要和主句一致，尤其是主句为过去时态时。

He said that he had lived in Beijing since liberation.
He made it quite clear that he preferred to learn English.
2．当从句表示的是科学原理、自然现象等客观真理时，从句仍用现在时态。

Mike asked whether the earth moves around the sun.
Columbus proved that the earth is round.
3．如果主句动词是现在时，宾语从句的时态可根据自身的实际情况选用时态。

You can't imagine how they were excited when they won the first place in the game. Can you make sure where you have put the gold ring.
4、宾语从句的否定转移
1、在think, consider, believe, suppose, expect, fancy等动词后的宾语从句，如有否定意思，一般要把否定词前移到主句的谓语上，从句的谓语用肯定的形式。

例如：I don't think (that) he can do it better than me.
我想他不会干得比我好。

I don't believe (that) they have finished their work yet.
我相信他们还未完成他们的工作。

I don't suppose he cares, does he 我想他不会在意的，是吗？
2、在下列情况下，宾语从句不否定转移：
①、think等词前有副词和表示强调的do进行修饰时。

I really expect he will not fail the examination. 我真希望他不会不通过考试。

I do think that he is not fair. 我确实认为他是不公正的。

②、think等词和其他词构成并列谓语
I think and hope that he won't cheat at cards. 我想，也希望他打牌不会作弊的。

③、think等词作为插入语
His decision is not wise, I think. 我觉得他的决定并不明智
5、含有宾语从句的复合句的反意疑问句
①、反意疑问句一般与主句一致。

He said they were going to help me，didn't he？
She told you that the mat was her own work，didn't she？
②、当主句的主语为第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, consider, imagine, suppose, hope 等词时，反意疑问句通常与宾语从句保持一致。

而且，这时要特别注意否定转移的问题！
I think/believe (that) he is serious，isn’t he？(不可用don't I)
I don't think/believe (that) he is serious，is he？(不可用do I)
提示：如果主语是第二、第三人称，则疑问句部分与主句一致，且不存在否定转移的问题。

You don't think (that) we can speak English，do you？
He thinks (that) he has got the right answer，doesn't he？。

习题一：陈述部分如果含有un-，in-，dis-等表否定的词缀，该陈述部分仍视作肯定句，所以后面的反意部分用否定式。

I think(that) he dislikes going abroad to study,____?
A.don't I
B.doesn't he
C.does he
D.do I
答：选B，本句句子重心在从句上，故反意问句应与He dislikes相关，又因为dislike 不喜欢，这是加dis前缀变来，其后的反意问句与否定前缀-dis无关，反意问句仍需用否定形式，故选B。

再如：You dislike the way she worked,don't you？
习题二：陈述句部分含有no, nobody, nothing, seldom, few, little, never, hardly, neither等否定词，或too…to 句型时，该陈述部分视作否定句，所以后面的反意部分用肯定式。

He has never been there, _______?
He seldom learns English on weekends, _______ ?
He has few friends, _______?
He has little money, _______?
He can hardly speak Japanese,________?
习题三：注意for的用法
I think he was ill in hospital, for he didn't come to school,________?
A. did I
B.didn’t I
C.wasn’t he
D.was he
E. did he
F.didn’t he
I think (that) he was ill in hospital because he didn't come to school,________?
A. did I
B.didn’t I
C.wasn’t he
D.was he
E. did he
F.didn’t he
She thinks (that) he was ill in hospital because he didn't come to school,________?
6、宾语从句中that的省略问题
一般情况下，宾语从句中的that是可以省略的。

但在下列几种情况下，that一般不可省略。

①．介词后面的that不能省。

Pter is a good student except that he is sometimes careless.
②．并列连词and连接两个或两个以上宾语从句，and前面的that可以省略， and的后面的that不能省略。

Everybody could see what happened and that Tom was frightened.
My uncle says (that) he has served here for twenty years and that he is going to retire next month.
③．that引导的宾语从句位于句首时，that不可省略。

That he ever said such a thing I simply don't believe.
④．主句谓语动词与that从句之间有插入语，that不可省略。

He said that, if he could manag it, he would come for dinner.
⑤．宾语从句中有其他从属连词时，that不能省略。

He told me that if it was necessary they would work all night.
7、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用。

①．在suggest insist, order, demand, request, require, command, propose, desire 等表示建议、命令、要求、欲望动词后面的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气，即“should +动词原形”，should常被省略。

He suggested that we (should) have a further discussion about the final decision. She insisted that they (should) show her their passports.
stick to/insist on/persist in sth.或doing sth.
②．在wish后面的宾语从句中需要用虚拟语气，表示与事实相反或难以实现的愿望。

He wishes he would have another chance to go abroad. 他希望能再有一次出国的机会。

How I wish I had learned more! 我多么希望我以前多学一些啊！
在句中作表语的从句叫表语从句。

引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样，表语从句位于连系动词后，有时用as if引导。

其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。

例如：
The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。

需要注意的，当主语是reason时，表语从句要用that引导而不是because。

例如：
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning .
四、表语从句
在复合句中，用作表语的从句叫做表语从句。

1、引导表语从句的关联词有连词that(偶尔省略)，whether，as if/as though，(just) as, because等；连接代词what，who，whose，which等；连接副词why，where，how，
when等。

表语从句位于be, look, seem, sound, appear, remain等系动词之后，其基本结构为：主语 + 系动词 + that从句。

The problem is that there isn't enough time.
It appears that he has a taste for music.
The question remains whether they will be able to help us.(表语从句中不可用if) It sounds as if/as though someone is knocking at the door.
At that time, it seemed as if I couldn' t think of the right word anyhow. It looks as if it is going to rain.
He looked (just) as he had looked ten years before.
That's because he didn't understand me.（“That's because…”句型强调原因）That's why he got angry with me.（“Tha's why…”句型强调结果）
I think (that) it is because you are talking too much.
That is what I want.
China is no longer what she used to be.
The problem is who/whom we can ask for help.
My question is whose book it is.
That is why he didn’t come to the meeting.
This is where our problem lies.
That is how we parted.
The years of peace are when everyone can lead a happy life.
2、名词reason作主语时，后面的表语从句多用that引导，一般不宜用because。

The reason why I was sad was that he didn't understand me.
The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.
3、虚拟语气在表语从句中的应用。

当表语从句表示建议、劝告、命令等语气时，表语从句的谓语动词要用“should+动词原形”形式，should可省略。

常见的词有advice, suggestion, order, proposal, plan, ide,ainsistence等。

My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow.
His proposal was that they (should ) challenge the other classes to a friendly competition.
五、同位语从句
在复合句中，用作句子同位语的从句叫做同位语从句。

1、同位语从句用于对前面的名词作进一步解释，说明名词的具体内容。

同位语从句一般由that引导，但也可以由whether 以及连接代词和连接副词引导。

同位语从句一般跟在名词fact, hope, idea, news, doubt, suggestion, information, opinion, decision, discovery, truth, promise, statement, problem, rule等的后面。

I got the idea that he could not come.
The idea that we fly to Japan tomorrow is a perfect one.
There is no doubt that we will win.
They were all very much worried over the fact that you were sick.
Where did you get the idea that I could not come.
I have no idea whether he'll come or not.
We haven't yet settled the question where we are going t spend our summer vacation. It is a question how he did it.
I have no idea when he will come back home.
2、that引导的同位语从句和定语从句的区别
（1）、同位语从句中的连词that只起连接作用，在从句中不担当任何句子成分；定语从句中的关系代词that在从句中担当句子成分，在从句中做宾语或主语，有时可省略。

（2）、同位语从句是名词性的，等同于先行词，其功能是对名词作补充说明。

定语从句是形容词性的，其功能是对先行词进行修饰和限定。

（3）、同位语从句的先行词常是表示抽象概念的词，如idea, belief, conclusion, impression等，而定语从句的先行词可以是表示抽象概念的词，也可是表示具体概念的词。

They expressed the hope that they would come to visit China again.( that引导同位语从句，不作任何成分)
The hope (that) she expressed is that they would come to visit China again.（that 引导定语从句，在从句中做宾语，可省略）
It is a fact that she has done her best.()
It is a fact that you cannot deny.()
She received the message that she would come by plane.()
She received the message (that) you sent her a few days ago.()
3、when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别
when 和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词，则when和where引导的是定语从句，否则为同位语从句。

如：
They put forward/raised the question where they could get the money.（）
This is the place where the accident happened.（）
4、当含有同位语从句的主句谓语部分过短时，可以把谓语动词提前，使同位语从句与名词隔开，以避免头重脚轻的现象。

Word came that Mr President would come and inspect our school himself.
5、虚拟语气在同位语从句中的应用
在一些表示建议、命令、要求的名词后的同位语从句中，谓语动词用“should+动词原形”形式，should可省略。

This is our only request that this (should) be settled as soon as possible.
He made the suggestion that we go by train.
六、相关问题
(一)、that的省略问题。

连词that在主语从句和同位语从句中不可省略，在表语从句的口语中偶尔可省略，在宾语从句中通常可省略。

保险起见，建议不要省略！
Everyone knew what happened and that she was worried. (不可省略that)
The reason lies in that she works harder than the others do.(不可省略that)
另外，在“动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句”结构中，that不省略。

I found it strange that he has not come yet.
We consider it necessary that we should open the door.
(二)、陈述语序问题
和定语从句、状语从句一样，名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句)中也要用陈述句的语序，不可使用疑问句的语序。

I wonder what has he told you．【误】 I wonder what he has told you．【正】
（三）、whether和if的替换问题
1、在whether or not和whether…or not结构中，不可用if来替代。

I wonder whether or not we should tell her.。