2021_2022学年新教材高中英语Unit6课时作业外研版选择性必修第四册

Unit 6 Section ⅡUsing language
.阅读理解
aunching people into space may make the headlines but it is little useful for science. So when George Bush redirected America's space agency, NASA, away from scientific research and towards a manned return to the moon, many scientists were disappointed. Now the agency has finally offered some small morsels of comfort in the form of four projects that could accompany efforts for a lunar return：
he most exciting of these is the plan for a radio telescope that could be placed on the far side of the moon. Such a device would look back at the early universe to the time when large­scale structures such as galaxies and stars formed. A lunar­based radio telescope would be able to detect long wavelengths that cannot be sensed on Earth because they are absorbed by the outermost layers of the planet's atmosphere. Moreover by pointing the telescope away from the din of shorter­wavelength radio waves that are used for communication on Earth, astrophysicists would be able to see the early universe in unprecedented detail.
inding alien life might also be possible with such a telescope. It would be able to map the magnetic fields of stars and exoplanets. It is the magnetic field of the Earth that protects its inhabitants from being bombarded by high­energy particles from space that would otherwise leave the planet sterile. Detecting a magnetic field surrounding an Earth­like exoplanet would prove a promising si gn for finding extraterrestrial life. The proposal, led by Joseph Lazio, of the Naval Research Laboratory in Washington, DC, is to create an array of three arms arranged in aY­shape, each of which would be 500 metres long and contain 16 antennae. Each arm would be made of a plastic film that could be rolled out onto the surface of the moon, either by robots or by astronauts.
second project, headed by Michael Collier, of the NASA Goddard Space Flight Centre, would examine how the solar wind—a stream of charged particles ejected from the sun—interacts with the tenuous lunar atmosphere close to the moon's surface. Such bombardment produces low­energyX­rays that would be detected on the surface of the moon. The third and fourth projects are similar both to each other and to earlier ventures dropped on the moon by the Apollo and the Soviet Luna missions in the late 1960s and 1970s. Some 35 years on, reflectors placed on the lunar surface are still used by scientists interested in geophysics and geodesy. Most of the reflectors are clustered close to the lunar equator. The proposals, led by Stephen Merkowitz, also of NASA's Goddard Space Flight Centre, and Douglas Currie, of the University of Maryland, are to sprinkle some more sophisticated versions over more of the moon's surface.
uch efforts may attract little attention compared with the launch of the space shuttle Endeavour this week. Nevertheless, when NASA argues that putting people into space inspires young people to study science, it is precisely these endeavours that it wishes to encourage.
．By“Launching people into space may make the headlines but it is little useful for science.” (in Paragraph 1) , the author means ________.
．launching people into space is very important
．newspaper only cares about whether humans can travel into space
．humans' travel to outer space is against scientific rules
．launching people into space is not of great scientific value
．The most distinctive feature of a lunar­basedradio telescope mentioned in the second paragraph is that ________.
．it is able to capture long wavelengths
．it possesses better functions than the telescopes on Earth
．it can escape from the magnetic field of the Earth
．it can detect all galaxies in the universe
．How does the author feel about the four new moon plans?
．Objective. B．Affirmative.
．Carefree. D．Opposed.
．To which of the following is the author likely to agree ？A.The radio telescope will be able to find extraterrestrial life.
．The second project focuses on the interaction between solar wind and Earth's atmosphere.
．Joseph Lazio's proposal is part of the radio telescope project.
．The four projects are closely related to the recently launched space shuttle Endeavour.
hen I first started taking photographs of the night sky, I never thought I'd end up doing it for a living. I'd always been interested in photograpby. I used to drive my family and friends crazy because I was always taking photographs of them. Then one day I saw a poster of the Earth taken from outer space. Posters like that were really popular in the 1970s. I had seen lots of them, but there was something different about this one. It attracted me and it ended up changing my life!
t hasn't always been easy though. I remember trying to take a picture of the Comet Hale­Bopp for a photography competition in 1997. I checked with the experts at the local weather station to make sure they weren't expecting clouds or strong winds. At 3：30 am I set the camera on a tripod (三脚架) in my garden, and then I began the
countdown to 4：00 am, when the comet was scheduled to appear. I recall thinking, “If everything goes as planned, the photo will show the comet as a line of light moving across a background of stars.” But suddenly everything was terribly wrong! At 3：59 am, just as I was making the final adjustments, out the bushes came a streak (色条) of black heading straight for my feet, and before I knew it, the camera, the tripod and I were on the ground! The streak of black was my neighbour's cat Tiddles out for his late­night exercise, and he had ruined the only chance I had for the next 2,000 years of taking photographs of the spectacular (壮观的) comet!
issed photo opportunities aside, astrophotography is a great job, and it can also be an enjoyable hobby. Surprisingly enough, you don't need any special equipment: just a 35 mm camera, a tripod and some slow­speed film. But you must remember to take care of your equipment.
．What does the author mainly describe in the text?
．How he was trained to be a weather expert.
．How he took photographs for posters.
．How he took photographs of people.
．How he became an astrophotographer.
．What changed the author completely?
．Taking family photographs for a living.
．Taking up astrophotography as a hobby.
．An attractive poster of the Earth taken from outer space.
．A popular photograph of the comet.
．What can we learn from the text?
．The author wanted to take a picture of the comet for a competition.
．The author showed people how the comet moved across the sky.
．The comet was expected to appear at 3：30 am.
．The comet once appeared in the year of 2000.
．What destroyed the author's last opportunity to take the picture of the comet?
．Unexpected clouds. B．A line of light.
．A neighbour's cat. D．Strong winds.
.七选五
hen thinking about placing a human being in space, one of the most important questions is how to design special clothing needed to protect the person from the dangers of the space environment. __1__ The fierce heat of the sun can cause severe burns. The lack of the atmosphere can cause gases in the body to expand and even burst. With no oxygen to breathe, a human being will die in only a few moments. __2__ So is damage from small pieces of rocks and objects like meteoroids (流星体). In 1933, an American flyer, Wiley Post, designed one of the first successful devices to protect a pilot at extreme heights. __3__ Astronauts in the American space agency flew the first American space flights in the early 1960s. The clothing was similar to that invented by Wiley Post.
_4__ It lets them move, do useful tasks, and stay outside their spacecraft in comfort and safety for several hours. The spacesuit is called the shuttle extravehicular mobility unit or EMU. It was designed to endure longer and to permit more movement than earlier spacesuits. The EMU has a number of parts that an astronaut can link together by using only one hand, which makes it possible for each astronaut to select the parts that fit correctly. Nowadays, NASA scientists are also considering the kind of spacesuit that would be needed for exploration on the planet Mars. __5__ The equipment may also have to protect astronauts from particles carried in the wind on Mars. And, they must be easy to repair and keep clean during a longer flight to and from the red planet.
．Radiation from the sun is another risk in space.
．The cold of space will freeze skin in a short time.
．Today, astronauts wear very different protective clothing.
．Special spacesuits have been used for exploration of Mars.
．EMU has many parts that can be linked together by using two hands.
．It was a large device that looked like a can surrounded the pilot's head.
．Because of the gravity on Mars, spacesuits may have to be designed to be lighter than suits used in orbit or on the moon.
课时作业(十七)
.阅读理解
语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。

把人送入太空可能会成为头条新闻，但在科学方面并没有多少用处。

因此当乔治·布什重新指挥NASA从科学研究转向载人重返月球时，许多科学家感到失望。

．答案与解析：D 推理判断题。

根据第一句话的意思是，把人送入太空也许能成为头条新闻，但是对科学研究却没有多大帮助。

故选D项。

．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。

根据第二段提到，该射电望远镜的最大特点在于能够探测到那些无法在地球表面被检测到的长波。

．答案与解析：B 推理判断题。

根据第二段中的“The most exciting”说明了作者的支持态度。

同样，最后一段中作者对这些月球计划所代表的“奋进”精神大加赞赏，同样表达了一种支持的态度。

．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。

A选项错误的原因在于寻找外星人只是一种可能性，至于结果是不确定的。

B选项错误的原因在于该研究定位于太阳风和月球稀薄的大气层之间的关系，而不是和地球大气层的关系。

D选项错误的原因在于这四项研究与“奋进”号航天飞机并没有很大的关系。

语篇解读】本文为一篇记叙文。

作者讲述了自己从看到一张从外太空拍摄的地球照片开始对拍摄天体感兴趣。

作者有一次为了参加比赛去拍摄彗星，却因为一只突然蹿出来的猫而没有拍成，但作者对拍摄天体的热爱丝毫未减。

．答案与解析：D 主旨大意题。

综观全文可知，作者从看到一张从外太空拍摄的地球照片开始对拍摄天体感兴趣，重点讲述了自己拍摄彗星时遇到的趣事，文章最后总结天体摄影是有趣的工作。

由此可见全文主要讲述作者成为天体摄影师的过程。

故选D项。

．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。

根据第一段中的Then one day I saw a poster of the Earth taken from outer space. Posters like that were really popular in the 1970s. I had seen lots of them, but there was something different about this one. It attracted me and it ended up changing my life！可知，一张从外太空拍摄的地球的海报照片吸引了作者，并改变了他的人生。

故选C项。

．答案与解析：A 细节理解题。

根据第二段中的I remember trying to take a picture of the Comet Hale­Bopp for a photography competition in 1997.可知，作者为了摄影大赛要拍摄一张海尔­波普彗星的照片。

故选A项。

．答案与解析：C 细节理解题。

根据第二段中的The streak of black was my neighbour's cat Tiddles out for his late­night exercise, and he had ruined the only chance I had for the next 2,000 years of taking photographs of the spectacular comet！可知，邻居的猫出来活动，破坏了作者在接下来的2 000年里拍摄到壮观的彗星的唯一机会。

故选C 项。

.七选五
语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。

当考虑把一个人放到太空时，最重要的问题之一是如何设计特殊的服装来保护这个人免受太空环境的危害。

．答案与解析：B 第一段主要讲述了太空环境的危险因素，如空后讲的酷热、缺氧等。

根据段意，B项符合语境，寒冷会在短时间内冻住皮肤，这是太空环境的一项危险因素。

．答案与解析：A 该空仍旧是列举太空环境的危险因素，根据空后So is damage from small pieces of rocks and objects like meteoroids(流星体)．可知A项符合语境。

．答案与解析：F 根据上一句的信息词devices，并结合F项中的代词It和device等信息，可以判断F项符合语境。

．答案与解析：C 该空是该段的主题句。

根据空后可知，该段介绍的是有关太空防护服的事情。

因此C项符合语境。

．答案与解析：G 根据该空前一句的信息词the kind of spacesuit以及后一句的意思可知，此空也应该表示一项防护措施，因此G项符合语境。