v-ing 作定语, 宾语补足语和表语

Explain the following phrases in simple English. a a A bag sleeping for sleeping bag sleeping boy
A boy that is sleeping
a a A cup A horse drinking for drinking that is cup drinking horse drinking
当我们回到学校时, 发现一个陌生人站 在大门口。
We found the snake eating the eggs.
我们发现蛇正在吃鸡蛋。
I found a bag lying on the ground.
我发现地板上放着一个包。
The boss kept the workers working
_______ in our city.
A. needs repairing
B. needing repaired
C. needed repairing
They heard him singing in the next room. = He was heard singing in the next room.
有人听到他在隔壁房间唱歌。
We mustn’t keep them waiting. = They mustn’t be kept waiting.
那棵苹果树硕果累累，在微风中轻轻摇曳。
二、-ing形式作宾语补足语
1. 1) 动词-ing形式作宾语补足语常放在
宾语后面，表示一个正在进行的主动性的 动作，强调一个过程或一种状态。如：
When we returned to the school, we found a stranger standing at the entrance.
他那个当教师的哥哥住在北京。
The apple tree, swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit. = The apple tree, which was swaying gently in the breeze, had a good crop of fruit.
Point out the usage of the –ing form. 1. Do you find it funny to see someone sliding on a banana skin, bumping into someone else round a corner, or falling down a hole in the road? sliding, bumping, falling
We heard the door slam.(一次动作) We heard the door slamming.(反复动作)
三、-ing形式作表语
-ing形式作表语时放在系动词之后，用
来泛指某种动作或行为，以说明主语的身 份、性质或情况。如：
Her hobby is painting.
她的业余爱好是画画。
4. A phone call sent him _______ to the hospital. A. hurry B. hurrying C. to hurry D. hurried
5. Do you know the boy _______ under the big tree? A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying
building materials = materials for building 建筑材料
drinking water = water for drinking 饮用水 a walking stick = a stick for walking 手杖 a reading room = a room for reading 阅览室 a writing desk = a desk for writing 写字台
他们住在一间面朝街的房子。
The man standing there is Peter’s father. = The man who is standing there is Peter’s father.
站在那儿的那个人是彼得的父亲。
Anybody swimming in this river will be fined. = Anybody who is swimming in this river will be fined.
在这条河里游泳的任何一个人都会被罚款。
3. -ing形式短语也可以用作非限制定语，
相当于一个非限制性定语从句，这时，它 与句子其他部分用逗号分开。如：
His brother, working as a teacher, lives in Beijing. = His brother, who is working as a teacher, lives in Beijing.
Can you smell anything burning?
As he spoke, he observed everybody
looking at him curiously.
Listen to the birds singing.
I didn’t notice him waiting.
2) 表示指使意义的动词，常见的有have,
a dancing hall a cooking pot
A hall for dancing A pot for cooking
a dancing girl a moving story
A girl that is dancing A story that is moving
a washing machine
the whole night.
那老板让工人整夜地工作。
2）当主句转换为被动结构时, 原来作宾语
补足语的动词-ing形式便转换为主语补足语。
如：
They found the result very satisfying.
= The result is found very satisfying.
这个结果很令人满意。
tiring music = music that is tiring 烦人的音乐 a surprising result = a result that is surprising
一个惊人的结果
2. -ing形式短语作定语时, 放在所修饰
的名词之后, 并且在意思上相当于一个定 语从句。如：
They lived in a room facing the street. = They lived in a room that faces the street.
6. I can hardly imagine Peter _______
across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.
A. sail B. to sail
C. sailing
D. tore are lots of places of interest
watched the films for his determination
in overcoming difficulties and being
kind even when people were unkind to
him.
overcoming作介词宾语
4. That was the problem facing Charlie
My job is looking after the children.
我的工作就是照顾这些孩子。
His concern for his mother is most
touching.
他对母亲的关爱很感人。
She was very pleasing in her appearance.
Exercises
我们走过教室，看见老师在做实验。 （只在走过教室的刹那间，看见老师 正在做实验）
We sat an hour and watched the teacher make the experiment.
我们坐了一个小时，看老师做实验。 （一个小时之内一直在看老师作实验） ② 如果宾语补足语是短暂性动词，动词不定 式短语表示一次动作， 而-ing形式则表示反复 动作。如：
作宾语补足语
2. He became famous for using a particular form of acting, including mime and farce. using 作介词for的宾语 including作状语
3. …But he was lived by all who
Chaplin in one of his most famous films.
facing 作定语
5. He loved it by using nonverbal
humor.
using 作介词宾语
6. Their job is “panning for gold”. panning 作表语 7. Finally he tries cutting and eating the bottom of the shoe. cutting, eating 作宾语
set, keep, get, catch, leave等。如：
I won’t have you doing that.
This set me thinking.
I’m sorry to have kept you waiting.
I can’t get the clock going again.
You won’t catch me doing that again.
你看吧，我决不会做那种事了。
3. see, hear, feel, watch等动词之后用-ing形
式和动词不定式作宾语补足语的区别：
① 前者表示动作正在进行，而后者表示
（或强调）动作从开始到结束的全过程。如:
We passed by the classmates and saw the teacher making the experiment.
千万不能让他们等。
2. 能用-ing形式作宾语补足语的几类动词: 1) 表示感觉和心理状态的动词，常见的 有see, hear, feel, smell, find, notice, observe, look at, listen to等。如： We saw a light burning in the window. I felt somebody patting me on the shoulder.
从 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出可以
填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. Don’t leave the water _______ while you brush your teeth. A. run B. running C. being run D. to run
2. Tell Mary that there’s someone ____ for her at the door. A. waiting B. waited C. waits D. to wait 3. The _______ waiter came up to us and said, “You are welcome.” A. smiling B. smiled C. smile D. to smile
单个动词的ing形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面既可以表示被修饰者的作用形式作定语位于被修饰名词的前面既可以表示被修饰者的作用或功能也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状态
Grammar
-ing 形式作定语, 宾语补足语和表语的用法 一、-ing形式作定语
1. 单个动词的-ing形式作定语位于被修饰 名词的前面，既可以表示被修饰者的作用 或功能，也可以表示被修饰者的动作或状 态。如：
A machine for washing an A table operating for table operating
A sound A terrifying that is terrifying sound A leader an inspiring who is inspiring leader