2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B卷(带答案)第39期

2022年考研考博-考博英语-南开大学考试全真模拟易错、难点剖析B
卷（带答案）
一.综合题(共15题)
1.
单选题
A man has to make （） for his old age by putting aside enough to live on when old.
问题1选项
A.supply
B.assurance
C.provision
D.adjustment
【答案】C
【解析】固定搭配。

make provision for指为...预先采取措施, 为…作好准备。

句意:一个人必须为自己的老年提前做准备, 存下足够的钱以备老年之需。

选项C正确。

2.
单选题
My mother raised me as best as she could, taking on odd jobs in the neighborhood for money. Still without a father to tell me how to act and what was expected of me, I felt lost. I wandered for years and got involved with tough guys on the East Side of New York. They would fight madly over a dropped coin. They would steal to get what they wanted. I wanted to be like them.
It was lucky for me that I left the city and entered a world of discipline, after following my mother’s advice. During three years of military service, I had time to rethink my life, and my thoughts often ran to my mother. I realized suddenly just how much of a heartache I must have been to her, how little I had noticed her suffering. When my father left this world, my mother was completely alone. To support us, my mother cleaned apartments and took in washing and ironing from the neighbors. And as she worked hard at this labor, she kept her head high. Each week she would bring a pile of books home from the library and read to us. My mother had wanted nothing more than for me to turn into an honest responsible man. But I had acted against her. Finally, almost too late I had the sense to feel shame. Ten years passed and I returned to the apartment on the East Side. I knew I wouldn’t fall back in with the wrong people, although I still wasn’t sure where I was heading. My mother, I could tell was worried about me. In my neighborhood, to become a police officer or a firefighter was a mark of significant social success and achievement. For me it was an opportunity for a real start in life. I wondered if I was up to it, but I knew that it was time to try. When I found myself in the big hall raising my hands to take the firefighter’s oath of office, my mother was sitting a few rows behind with a smile of relief. She knew that at last I was off on life’s road and moving steadily. Her smile said, “My job is finally done.”
1.From this story, we may guess that the East Side of New York must be a （） area.
2.The author used to behave himself （） .
3.From the context, we understand that “odd jobs” in the first paragraph refer to jobs （） .
4.In the first sentence of the second paragraph, the author says “It was lucky for me that...” The lucky experience he talks about here is his experience of （） .
5.What is NOT true according to the passage?
问题1选项
mercial
B.rich
C.poor
D.distant
问题2选项
A.oddly
B.toughly
C.remarkably
D.badly
问题3选项
A.of cleaning, washing and ironing
B.which are not regular or fixed
C.which one can make extra money with
D.with house work
问题4选项
A.the three years of military service
B.leaving a world of discipline
C.leaving the city and his mother
D.fighting with tough guys
问题5选项
A.After her husband died, his mother did all available jobs to support the family.
B.The author was surprised that he was accepted as a firefighter.
C.The author finally realized that his mother always wanted him to be an honest and responsible man.
D.In face of poverty, his mother never lowered her head. She bravely struggled on.
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:A
第5题:B 【解析】1.根据第一段“They would fight madly over a dropped coin. They would steal to get what they wanted.”他们会为一枚掉在地上的硬币疯狂地打斗, 他们会去偷想要的东西。

由此可以推断, 这个地区很贫穷, 选项C正确。

2.信息推断题。

根据第二段的首句“It was lucky for me that I left the city and entered a world of discipline,...”我很幸运, 在听从了母亲的建议后, 我离开了这座城市, 进入了一个有纪律的世界。

根据“discipline”可推测, 作者以前的表现应该是badly, 选项D最恰当。

3.事实细节题。

根据关键词定位到第一段, 可知“odd jobs”是母亲做的工作。

再根据第二段“To support us, my mother cleaned apartments and took in washing and ironing from the neighbors.”所以选项A符合原文。

4.事实细节题。

根据第二段的第二句“During three years of military service, I had time to rethink my life, ...”可知, 作者觉得幸运的经历是在部队服役的三年经历。

选项A正确。

5.信息推断题。

根据第二段后半部分的内容可知选项A和D正确;根据第二段最后三句“My mother had ... the sense to feel shame.”可知选项C也正确;所以本题选B。

3.
单选题
A(n) （） entrepreneur will seek success farther afield and will risk more in the research than his more timid competitors.
问题1选项
A.adventurous
B.progressive
C.aggressive
D.impulsive
【答案】A
【解析】形容词词义辨析。

adventurous“爱冒险的;大胆的”;progressive“进步的;先进的”;aggressive“有进取心的;好斗的”;impulsive“冲动的;任性的”。

句意:那些胆大的企业家将在更远的地方寻求成功，并将比那些胆小的竞争对手在研究上冒更大的风险。

选项A符合句意。

4.
单选题
In that country, a person who marries before leg al age must have a parent’s （） to obtain a license.
问题1选项
A.warrant
B.sanction
C.malignance
D.affirmation
【答案】B
【解析】名词词义辨析。

warrant“证明, 正当理由”;sanction“认可, 支持;malignance“恶意, 恶性”;affirmation“主张, 肯定, 断言”。

句意:在那个国家, 一个人在法定年龄前结婚的话必须得到父母的认可才能领证。

选项B符合句意。

5.
单选题
Prof. White, my respected tutor, frequently reminds me to （） myself of every chance to improve my English.
问题1选项
A.assure
rm
C.avail
D.notify
【答案】C
【解析】副词词义辨析。

根据句意：我尊敬的导师White教授经常提醒我要利用一切机会提高我的英语水平。

选项C最为恰当，表示有益于，有助于。

6.
单选题
If businessmen are taxed too much, they will no longer be motivated to work hard, with the result that incomes from taxation might actually （） .
问题1选项
A.shrink
B.delay
C.disperse
D.sink
【答案】A
【解析】动词词义辨析。

shrink收缩，减少；delay延期，耽搁；disperse分散，传播；sink下沉。

句意：如果对商人征税过多，他们将不再有努力工作的动力，结果是税收收入实际上可能会减少。

选项A符合语境。

7.
单选题
Science and technology actually help to （） the useful and pleasant parts of traditional culture.
问题1选项
A.preserve
B.prevail
C.reserve
D.precede
【答案】A
【解析】动词词义辨析。

句意:科学技术实际上有助于保存传统文化中有用的和讨人喜欢的部分。

选项中只有A和C有保留，保存的意思。

preserve强调保护东西完好无损;reserve指保存储备留作后用。

根据句意可知，选项A更符合语境。

8.
单选题
I'd like to take this opportunity to （） my heart-felt gratitude to the host.
问题1选项
A.increase
B.prolong
C.intensify
D.express
【答案】D
【解析】动词词词义辨析。

句意：我想借此机会向东道主表示衷心的感谢。

选项D符合句意。

9.
单选题
An important property of scientific theory is its ability to （）further research and further thinking about a particular topic.
问题1选项
A.stimulate
B.renovate
C.arouse
D.advocate
【答案】A
【解析】动词词义辨析。

stimulate刺激，鼓舞；renovate革新，修复；arouse引起，唤醒；advocate 主张，拥护。

句意：科学理论的一个重要特性是它能够激发对特定主题的进一步研究和思考。

选项A符合句意。

10.
单选题
They had planned to go outing this weekend, but they finally had to （） it because of the rainy weather.
问题1选项
A.cancel
B.eliminate
C.delay
D.prolong
【答案】A
【解析】动词词义辨析。

cancel“取消, 撤销”;eliminate“消除, 排除”;delay“延期, 耽搁”;prolong“延长, 拖延”。

句意:他们原计划这个周末去郊游, 但由于下雨, 最后不得不取消了。

选项A符合句意。

11.
单选题
Complete silence is found only in laboratories called anechoic rooms. The walls and ceilings, made of blocks of special sound-sucking materials, are more than three feet thick, while floor coverings are six-foot layers of feathers or cotton wool. Silence here can be as painful to the ears as the din (continuous loud noise) of a steelworks or a rocket blast-off, yet scientists get used to this and stay in these silent rooms for hours at a time, using microphones and electronic equipment to test the various materials being developed to make
the world a less noisy place.
Architects have used scientific discoveries to solve noise problem in a number of ways. Walls
are hollowed (having empty space inside) and then filled with sound-sucking materials similar to cotton wool. Extra-thick carpets cover the floors, and thick woolen curtains cover the windows. Air conditioning and heating channels are made less noisy by sound-sucking materials．Unfortunately, these techniques and others often work too well in some buildings. Noise-proof rooms become almost anechoic and people living in them are disturbed by the lack of sound．One way of handling this problem is to use what they call “sound perfume” —artificial (similarly produced, made by man) noise is piped to rooms through small loudspeakers.
1.Scientists use anechoic room for（） .
2.The writer implies that （） .
3.People suffer in anechoic rooms probably because （） .
4.The article suggests that （） .
问题1选项
A.measuring noise levels of steelworks
B.measuring blocks of feathers
C.testing sound-absorbing materials
D.testing electronic equipment
问题2选项
A.untrained people can not stay long in anechoic rooms
B.performing experiments in anechoic rooms can be a frightening experience
C.architects make practical use of the information gathered by scientists
D.scientists do not care for noise problem 问题3选项
A.they are allowed to move and speak
B.they are used lo hearing noise around them
C.the greater air pressure hurts their ears
D.all of the above
问题4选项
A.loudspeakers are as important as sound-proofing materials
B.anechoic rooms will be included in all new buildings
C.scientific devices are sometimes too successful
D.all of the above
【答案】第1题:C
第2题:B
第3题:B
第4题:A
【解析】1.事实细节题。

根据第一段最后一句“...scientists get used to ... test the various materials being developed to make the world a le ss noisy place.”科学家习惯待在这些安静的房间里数小时，使用麦克风和电子设备来测试各种减少噪音的材料。

选项C符合原文。

2.细节推理题。

根据第一段最后一句“Silence here can be as painful to the ears as the din (continuous loud noise) of a steelworks or a rocket blast-off...”这里的安静对于耳朵来说是痛苦的，就好像钢铁厂里或者火箭发射时所产生的连续不断的噪音。

由此可推断，在这种环境下做实验是非常可怕的经历。

所以选项B正确。

3.细节推理题。

根据最后一段第二一句“people living in them are disturbed by the lack of sound.”住在里面的人因为没有声音而感到不安。

人们在消音室里觉得很痛苦是因为人们不习惯周围一点儿噪音都没有，所以选项B符合原文。

4.事实细节题。

根据最后一段的内容可知，住在完全消音的房间里，人们往往会因为没有声音而感到不安，这时候就可以使用人造噪音通过小喇叭传到房间里。

也就是说扬声器和隔音材料同样重要。

选项A正确。

选项C是事实，不是文章给出的建议，所以不选。

12.
单选题
The diversity of tropical plants in the region represents a seemingly （） source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized.
问题1选项
A.Inexhaustible
B.exploited
C.remarkable
D.controversial
【答案】A
【解析】形容词词义辨析。

inexhaustible“取之不尽的，用不完的”;exploited“被开发利用的”;remarkable“卓越的，非凡的”;controversial“有争议的”。

句意:该区域热带植物的多样性似乎是取之不尽用之不竭的原料来源，其中只有少数得到利用。

选项A符合句意。

13.
单选题
The company will （） to its agreement, no matter how costly the process may be.
问题1选项
A.retain
B.alter
C.adhere
D.abandon 【答案】C
【解析】动词搭配。

retain”保持, 记住”;alter“改变, 更改”;adhere“坚持, 追随”, 一般与to连用;abandon“抛弃, 遗弃”。

句意:无论过程中会付出多大的代价, 这家公司都将坚持其协议。

选项C符合句意。

14.
单选题
Mary didn’t openly attack the plan, but her opposition was（）in her failure to say anything in support of it.
问题1选项
A.explicit
B.implicit
C.internal
D.immortal
【答案】B
【解析】形容词词义辨析。

explicit“明确的，清楚的，直率的”；implicit“含蓄的，暗示的，盲从的”；internal“内部的，内在的”；immortal“不朽的，长生的”。

句意：Mary没有公开抨击这项计划，但是她反对的态度含蓄的体现在她没有说任何支持它的话。

选项B符合句意。

15.
单选题
Acid rain leads to fish mortality. Many species of fish cannot survive in aquatic environments where the PH is below 5. 0. If the water is too acid, the gill systems of many kinds of fish can be damaged. （1 ） , the acid alters the blood chemistry of all fish. As a result, the fish population in an acidic environment decreases （2 ） becomes extinct. Approximately 20 percent of the lakes in Scandinavia are without fish. Moreover, in Nova Scotia the （3）salmon industry may be threatened by the decrease of salmon in rivers and streams. The impact is also （4 ） in the waters of Ontario and Quebec, where fish populations are （5 ） the decline.
What potential remedies exist for the acid rain （6 ） ? The experts disagree. Some say new environmental laws should be （7 ） to control the emission of pollutants in the atmosphere.
Some say that if we had known how serious acid rain was, we would have planned （8 ） to prevent it. （9 ） , all agree that if the consumption of fossil fuel were reduced, we would have less of a problem. Another （10 ）is that special scrubbers could be installed in
smokestacks to remove a good （11 ） of the pollutants before they get into the atmosphere. Other ideas even include breeding more （12 ） fish. And research suggests that spreading lime into lakes may be effective in （13） acidity. In conclusion, it is clear that if we truly want to reduce the impact of acid rain, a （14 ）of remedies and international cooperation must be explored. It is a sad fact that acid rain probably could have been avoided if we （15 ） what we know now.
问题1选项
A.Likewise
B.Besides
C.Thus
D.Otherwise
问题2选项
A.and
B.then
C.hence
D.or
问题3选项
A.entire
plete
C.total
D.all 问题4选项
A.imaginable
B.unaccountable
C.considerable
D.understandable
问题5选项
A.on
B.with
C.to
D.at
问题6选项
A.affair
B.issue
C.matter
D.question
问题7选项
A.announced
B.ordered
C.imposed
D.enacted
问题8选项
A.faster
B.more
C.better
D.harder
问题9选项
A.Furthermore
B.Conversely
C.Accordingly
D.Nevertheless
问题10选项
A.possibility
B.perspective
C.occurrence
D.opportunity
问题11选项
A.piece
B.portion
C.section
D.segment
问题12选项
A.tolerated
B.tolerant
C.tolerable
D.intolerant
问题13选项
A.descending
B.declining
C.reducing
D.relieving
问题14选项
bination
B.alliance
C.mixture
D.union
问题15选项
A.know
B.knew
C.had known
D.have known
【答案】第1题:B
第2题:D
第3题:A
第4题:C
第5题:A
第6题:B
第7题:D
第8题:C
第9题:D
第10题:A
第11题:B
第12题:B
第13题:C
第14题:A
第15题:C
【解析】（1）上下文语义。

根据上下文可知, 本句是补充说明过酸性水质给鱼类带来的危害, 只有选项B 符合。

（2）连词词义辨析。

根据句意:因此, 在酸性环境中, 鱼类数量会减少或灭绝。

选项D符合原文语境。

（3）近义词词义辨析。

句意:河流和小溪中鲑鱼的减少可能威胁到整个鲑鱼产业。

entire“全部的, 整个的, 全体的”;total“全部的, 完全的, 一般指数量的全部”;complete“完整的, 彻底的”;all“全部的”, 强调整体中的个体。

所以选项A最恰当。

（4）形容词词义辨析。

根据句意可知, 这里指上文提到的情况在安大略和魁北克两大水域的影响也是相当大的。

imaginable“可能的, 可想象的”;unaccountable“莫名其妙的, 不可理解的”;considerable“相当大的, 重要的”;understandable“可以理解的, 可以了解的”。

所以选项C 符合句意。

（5）语法知识。

on the decline为固定搭配, 表示“在走下坡路, 在衰退中”。

这里指鱼类数量减少, 所以选项A正确。

（6）名词词义辨析。

根据上文的描述可知, 酸雨很显然已经成为了一个很严峻的问题, 所以选项B最恰当。

（7）动词词义辨析。

与法律搭配的动词应该是颁布法律或制定法律。

因此只有选项D符合。

（8）语法知识, 副词的比较级。

根据句意:有人说, 如果我们早知道酸雨有这么严重, 我们就会更好地计划预防酸雨。

选项C符合原文语境。

（9）上下文语义。

Furthermore此外, 而且, 表递进;Conversely相反地; Accordingly相应地, 表递进;Nevertheless然而。

前后两个句子没有递进或者相反的情况, 所以选项D正确。

（10）上下文语义。

本段主要是讲专家们针对酸雨问题给出的不同建议措施, 这里指另一种可能性的措施, 所以选项A符合原文语境。

（11）量词的用法。

根据句意可知, 这里指通过在烟囱里安装特殊的洗涤器来清除大部分污染物。

piece“块, 件”, 适用于平展的东西;portion“部分, 比例, 常指食物的份或抽象的量”;section“截面, 部分”, 指由切断、分割、分类等所产生的一部分, 常指比较小的事物;segment“段, 部分”, 多指整体的局部。

所以选项B更恰当。

（12）近义词辨析。

tolerated“可接纳的”;tolerant“宽容的, 有耐药力的”;tolerable“可容忍的”;intolerant“无法容忍的”。

根据原文可知, 这里指培育抗酸性耐药性的鱼类, 所以选项B符合原文语境。

（13）上下文语义。

根据常识可知, 石灰是碱性的, 可以中和酸雨, 降低湖水的酸性, 所以选项C正确。

（14）名词词义辨析。

根据句意:如果我们真正想减少酸雨的影响, 就必须将补救办法和国际合作相结合起来。

将二者结合起来用combination最为恰当, 所以选项A正确。

（15）语法理解题。

根据句意可知本句表示对过去的虚拟, 主句为现在完成式, 从句用过去完成式, 所以选项C正确。