高三全球问题英语阅读理解25题

高三全球问题英语阅读理解25题
1
<背景文章>
Global climate change has become one of the most pressing issues in the world today. There are multiple reasons contributing to this phenomenon. Firstly, the excessive emission of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide, is a major culprit. The burning of fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas for energy production in industries, transportation and households has been releasing a vast amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Deforestation also plays a significant role. Trees act as "carbon sinks", absorbing carbon dioxide from the air. However, large - scale deforestation for agricultural expansion, logging and urban development has reduced the Earth's capacity to absorb carbon dioxide.
The impacts of global climate change are far - reaching and profound. Rising sea levels pose a serious threat to low - lying islands and coastal regions. Many island nations are at risk of being submerged, displacing millions of people. Extreme weather events, including more frequent and intense hurricanes, droughts, floods and heatwaves, are becoming more common. These events not only cause destruction of infrastructure but also have a negative impact on agriculture, leading to crop failures and food
shortages in some areas.
Different countries have adopted various strategies to combat climate change. Developed countries like Sweden have been investing heavily in renewable energy sources such as wind, solar and hydro - power. They also have strict environmental regulations to limit greenhouse gas emissions from industries. China, as a large developing country, has been making great efforts in promoting clean energy. It is now the world's largest installer of solar panels and has been actively developing electric vehicle technology to reduce emissions from the transportation sector.
On an individual level, there are also many things we can do to contribute to the fight against climate change. We can start by reducing our energy consumption. For example, turning off lights when leaving a room, using energy - efficient appliances and reducing the use of air - conditioning. Another important aspect is reducing waste. Recycling as much as possible can help to reduce the energy required for the production of new materials. Also, choosing more sustainable modes of transportation like cycling, walking or using public transport instead of driving private cars alone can make a difference.
1. What is the main cause of the excessive emission of greenhouse gases according to the article?
A. The development of modern technology.
B. The burning of fossil fuels for various purposes.
C. The growth of population.
D. The lack of environmental awareness.
答案：B。

解析：文章明确指出在工业、交通和家庭中为了能源生产而燃烧像煤、石油和天然气等化石燃料释放了大量二氧化碳等温室气体，这是温室气体过量排放的主要原因，A选项现代技术发展未提及是温室气体排放主因，C选项人口增长也未提及，D选项缺乏环境意识并非主要原因。

2. How do trees influence the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
A. They produce carbon dioxide.
B. They have no effect on it.
C. They absorb carbon dioxide.
D. They convert carbon dioxide into other gases.
答案：C。

解析：文中提到树木作为“碳汇”，从空气中吸收二氧化碳，A选项说树木产生二氧化碳是错误的，B选项说树木对二氧化碳无影响也是错误的，D选项说树木将二氧化碳转化为其他气体文章未提及。

3. Which of the following is an impact of global climate change?
A. The decrease of sea levels.
B. The lessening of extreme weather events.
C. The destruction of infrastructure due to extreme weather.
D. The improvement of agricultural production.
答案：C。

解析：文章提到全球气候变化的影响包括极端天气事
件变得更频繁和剧烈，这些极端天气会破坏基础设施，A选项海平面是上升而非下降，B选项极端天气事件是增多而非减少，D选项农业生产是受到负面影响而非改善。

4. What has China been doing to combat climate change?
A. Only promoting solar panel installation.
B. Investing mainly in wind power.
C. Actively developing electric vehicle technology among other efforts.
D. Depending on developed countries for help.
答案：C。

解析：文章指出中国在应对气候变化方面做出了很多努力，其中包括积极发展电动汽车技术等，A选项说只推广太阳能板安装太片面，B选项说主要投资风能是错误的，D选项说依赖发达国家帮助文章未提及。

5. What can individuals do to contribute to the fight against climate change?
A. Increase energy consumption.
B. Ignore waste reduction.
C. Choose more sustainable transportation.
D. Avoid using any appliances.
答案：C。

解析：文章提到个人可以选择更可持续的交通方式来为应对气候变化做贡献，A选项增加能源消耗是错误的做法，B选项忽视减少废物也是错误的，D选项避免使用任何电器过于极端不符合
文章内容。

2
<背景文章>
The world's population has been growing at an alarming rate in recent decades. This rapid growth has brought about numerous challenges, especially in terms of resources, environment, and social development.
As for resources, the increasing population demands more food, water, and energy. With more mouths to feed, agricultural lands are under great pressure. Farmers have to strive to increase productivity, often at the cost of over - using fertilizers and pesticides, which in turn pollutes the soil and water. Water scarcity has become a global issue. More people mean more water consumption for drinking, washing, and industrial use. Meanwhile, the demand for energy, such as coal, oil, and natural gas, is skyrocketing. This over - reliance on non - renewable energy sources not only accelerates their depletion but also causes serious environmental problems.
In terms of the environment, population growth leads to more deforestation. People need more land for housing, farming, and infrastructure construction. Forests, which are crucial for maintaining ecological balance, are being cut down at an unprecedented rate. This results in the loss of habitats for countless species, contributing to biodiversity loss. Moreover, the increase in population also means more waste generation. The improper disposal of waste, especially in developing
countries, has led to soil pollution, water pollution, and air pollution.
Regarding social development, a large population can put a strain on educational and healthcare systems. In some overpopulated areas, schools are overcrowded, and students may not receive adequate education. Similarly, hospitals may be short of beds and medical staff, making it difficult to provide quality healthcare services for everyone.
However, there are possible solutions to these problems. On the resource side, promoting sustainable development is crucial. This includes the development and utilization of renewable energy sources like solar, wind, and hydro - power. For water management, water - saving technologies should be popularized. In agriculture, organic farming methods can be adopted to protect the soil.
Environmentally, governments should strengthen environmental protection laws and regulations. Reforestation projects should be carried out on a large scale to restore the lost forests. And waste management should be improved through better recycling and waste - to - energy conversion technologies.
For social development, more investment should be made in education and healthcare. Building more schools and hospitals, and training more professional teachers and medical workers are necessary steps.
6. What is one of the main reasons for soil pollution according to the
article?
A. The development of renewable energy sources.
B. The over - use of fertilizers and pesticides by farmers.
C. The construction of more hospitals.
D. The promotion of water - saving technologies.
答案：B。

解析：文章中提到随着人口增长，农民为提高产量过度使用化肥和农药，这反过来污染了土壤和水，所以B选项正确；A 选项发展可再生能源与土壤污染无关；C选项建设更多医院与土壤污染没有直接联系；D选项推广节水技术也与土壤污染无关。

7. Why is deforestation a serious problem caused by population growth?
A. Because it makes people rely more on non - renewable energy sources.
B. Because it directly leads to the increase in waste generation.
C. Because it causes the loss of habitats for many species.
D. Because it forces farmers to use more fertilizers.
答案：C。

解析：文章指出人口增长导致更多的森林砍伐，这使得无数物种失去栖息地，所以C选项正确；A选项森林砍伐与依赖不可再生能源没有直接因果关系；B选项森林砍伐与废物产生增加没有直接联系；D选项森林砍伐与农民使用更多化肥没有必然联系。

8. What can be done to solve the problem of water scarcity?
A. Cut down more forests to make room for water storage.
B. Popularize water - saving technologies.
C. Increase the use of coal and oil.
D. Stop building new houses.
答案：B。

解析：文章提到在水资源管理方面，应该推广节水技术来解决水资源短缺问题，B选项正确；A选项砍伐森林来蓄水是错误的做法，会带来更多环境问题；C选项增加煤炭和石油的使用与解决水资源短缺无关；D选项停止建造新房子不能解决水资源短缺问题。

9. How can social development be improved in overpopulated areas?
A. By reducing the population immediately.
B. By building more prisons.
C. By investing more in education and healthcare.
D. By promoting deforestation.
答案：C。

解析：文章明确指出在人口过剩地区，应该在教育和医疗保健方面投入更多资金来改善社会发展，C选项正确；A选项立即减少人口不现实且不是文章提及的改善社会发展的方式；B选项建造更多监狱与改善社会发展无关；D选项推动森林砍伐是破坏环境的行为，不能改善社会发展。

10. Which of the following is a
3
<背景文章>
Global poverty remains one of the most pressing issues in the world today. The current situation is quite alarming. Billions of people around the
globe are still living below the poverty line. In many developing countries, people lack access to basic necessities such as clean water, nutritious food, and proper shelter.
The roots of global poverty are complex and multi - faceted. One of the major causes is the unequal distribution of resources. Rich countries often have a large share of the world's wealth, while poor countries struggle to make ends meet. Additionally, political instability in some regions also contributes to poverty. Corrupt governments may mismanage funds that could have been used for the development of their countries, leading to a lack of infrastructure and services for their people.
The impact of global poverty on global stability cannot be underestimated. Poverty - stricken areas are more likely to experience social unrest. When people are desperate due to lack of resources, they may turn to illegal activities or engage in violent protests. Moreover, poverty can also lead to the spread of diseases as poor living conditions and lack of access to healthcare make it difficult to control epidemics. This not only affects the poor regions themselves but also has the potential to spread globally.
Fortunately, the international community has taken various measures to combat poverty. International aid organizations, such as the World Bank and the United Nations Development Programme, provide financial assistance to poor countries. These funds are used for building
infrastructure, improving education and healthcare systems. Additionally, some developed countries offer trade preferences to developing countries, which helps them to boost their economies by increasing exports.
11. What is one of the main causes of global poverty according to the article?
A. The lack of clean water.
B. The unequal distribution of resources.
C. The spread of diseases.
D. The lack of proper shelter.
答案：B。

解析：文章明确提到全球贫困的根源是复杂多面的，其中主要原因之一是资源的不平等分配，其他选项如缺乏干净的水、疾病传播、缺乏合适的住所都是贫困的表现而非原因。

12. Which of the following statements about the impact of global poverty on global stability is true?
A. It has no effect on global stability.
B. It only affects the poor regions.
C. It may lead to social unrest and disease spread.
D. It only affects the economic development of poor countries.
答案：C。

解析：文章指出全球贫困对全球稳定的影响不能被低估，贫困地区更可能经历社会动荡，而且贫困会导致疾病传播，这不仅影响贫困地区本身，也可能在全球范围内传播，A选项说没有影响是错误的，B选项说只影响贫困地区不全面，D选项说只影响贫困国
家的经济发展也是不准确的。

13. What do international aid organizations like the World Bank do to fight poverty?
A. They only offer trade preferences.
B. They provide financial assistance for building infrastructure and improving systems.
C. They take over the governments of poor countries.
D. They do nothing but observe.
答案：B。

解析：文章提到像世界银行这样的国际援助组织为贫困国家提供财政援助，用于建设基础设施、改善教育和医疗系统，A 选项说只提供贸易优惠错误，C选项说接管贫困国家政府不符合事实，D选项说什么都不做只观察也是错误的。

14. Why do some developed countries offer trade preferences to developing countries?
A. To make developing countries more dependent on them.
B. To help developing countries boost their economies.
C. To steal resources from developing countries.
D. To show off their own power.
答案：B。

解析：文章提到一些发达国家为发展中国家提供贸易优惠是为了帮助它们通过增加出口来促进经济发展，A选项说让发展中国家更依赖它们没有依据，C选项说窃取资源错误，D选项说炫耀自己的力量不符合文章内容。

15. Which of the following is not a basic necessity that many people in developing countries lack?
A. Clean water.
B. Expensive cars.
C. Nutritious food.
D. Proper shelter.
答案：B。

解析：文章提到在许多发展中国家，人们缺乏基本的生活必需品，如干净的水、有营养的食物和合适的住所，昂贵的汽车并不是基本生活必需品。

4
<背景文章>
Global Food Security: Challenges, Influencing Factors and Coping Strategies
Food security has become one of the most crucial global issues in recent years. The world's population is growing steadily, and the demand for food is increasing exponentially. However, numerous challenges are threatening global food security.
One of the major challenges is climate change. Erratic weather patterns such as droughts, floods, and extreme heatwaves have a significant impact on agricultural production. Droughts can parch the fields, making it impossible for crops to grow, while floods can wash away vast areas of farmland, destroying crops and ruining the soil. Extreme heatwaves can
also reduce crop yields as many plants are not adapted to such high - temperature conditions.
Another factor affecting food security is the degradation of agricultural land. Over - cultivation, deforestation, and improper use of fertilizers and pesticides have led to soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and pollution of the land. As a result, the productivity of the land has declined, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to grow enough food.
The issue of water scarcity also plays a vital role. Agriculture is a major consumer of water, and in many regions, water sources are drying up or being polluted. Without sufficient clean water for irrigation, farmers are unable to grow crops effectively.
In addition to these challenges, economic factors also influence food security. High food prices can make it unaffordable for the poor to access an adequate diet. This is often due to factors such as fluctuations in the global market, high transportation costs, and the monopoly of large food - producing companies.
To cope with the food crisis, several strategies can be implemented. First, there is a need for sustainable agricultural practices. This includes methods such as conservation tillage, crop rotation, and the use of organic fertilizers. These practices can help to improve soil quality, conserve water, and increase crop yields in the long term.
Secondly, investment in agricultural research and development is
crucial. Scientists need to develop new crop varieties that are more resistant to climate change, pests, and diseases. Genetically modified organisms (GMOs) are also a controversial but potentially useful tool in this regard.
Finally, governments and international organizations should play an active role in ensuring food security. They can provide subsidies to farmers, improve infrastructure for food storage and transportation, and implement policies to regulate food prices.
16. What is the main idea of this article?
A. To introduce the concept of food security.
B. To analyze the challenges, influencing factors and coping strategies of global food security.
C. To discuss the importance of sustainable agricultural practices.
D. To explain the impact of climate change on agriculture.
答案：B。

解析：文章首先指出粮食安全成为全球关键问题，接着详细阐述了威胁粮食安全的挑战（ 如气候变化、土地退化、水资源短缺等）和影响因素 如经济因素），最后讲述了应对粮食危机的策略，所以主要是分析全球粮食安全的挑战、影响因素和应对策略。

17. According to the article, which of the following is NOT a challenge to global food security?
A. The growth of the world's population.
B. The improvement of agricultural land quality.
C. Climate change.
D. Water scarcity.
答案：B。

解析：文章提到土地质量的退化是影响粮食安全的因素，而不是土地质量的提高，A选项世界人口增长会增加粮食需求从而影响粮食安全，C选项气候变化和D选项水资源短缺都是文中提到的挑战。

18. The underlined word "erratic" in the second paragraph probably means _.
A. regular
B. unpredictable
C. normal
D. stable
答案：B。

解析：从后文提到干旱、洪水和极端热浪等天气状况对农业生产有重大影响可知，这些天气模式是不稳定、不可预测的，而不是有规律的、正常的或者稳定的。

19. Which of the following strategies is NOT mentioned to cope with the food crisis?
A. Encouraging over - cultivation.
B. Implementing sustainable agricultural practices.
C. Investing in agricultural research and development.
D. Governments and international organizations playing an active role.
答案：A。

解析：文章提到要应对粮食危机应采用可持续的农业实践、对农业研发进行投资、政府和国际组织发挥积极作用，而过度
耕种是导致土地退化的原因，不是应对粮食危机的策略。

20. What can be inferred from the article about high food prices?
A. They are mainly caused by the poor transportation infrastructure.
B. They are beneficial to large food - producing companies.
C. They are the result of the decrease in crop yields.
D. They make it difficult for the poor to have enough food.
答案：D。

解析：文章提到高粮价会使穷人无法获得足够的食物，并没有说主要是
5
<背景文章>
Global environmental pollution, including air, water, and soil pollution, has become one of the most pressing issues in the world today.
Air pollution is mainly caused by the burning of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and gas in industries, power plants, and vehicles. The emissions of harmful substances like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter are constantly released into the atmosphere. These pollutants not only lead to respiratory diseases among humans but also have a negative impact on the ecosystem. For example, acid rain, which is formed by the reaction of sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides with water in the air, can damage forests, lakes, and soil.
Water pollution is often the result of industrial waste disposal, agricultural runoff, and domestic sewage. Many factories discharge
untreated or inadequately treated wastewater directly into rivers, lakes, and oceans. This wastewater may contain heavy metals, chemicals, and organic pollutants. Agricultural activities contribute to water pollution through the use of fertilizers and pesticides, which can be washed into water bodies. Polluted water can endanger aquatic life, contaminate drinking water sources, and cause various water - borne diseases.
Soil pollution is mainly due to industrial activities, improper waste disposal, and the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides. Industrial waste, especially those containing heavy metals and toxic chemicals, can seep into the soil and accumulate over time. This can reduce soil fertility and make it unfit for agricultural production. In addition, contaminated soil can also affect the growth and health of plants and animals in the food chain.
To address these global environmental pollution problems, international cooperation is crucial. Countries around the world need to work together to develop and implement environmental protection policies. For instance, they can jointly invest in research and development of clean energy technologies to reduce the dependence on fossil fuels. International agreements like the Paris Agreement play an important role in promoting global cooperation in combating climate change, which is closely related to environmental pollution. Also, countries can share their experiences and best practices in environmental management, such as waste treatment and pollution prevention techniques.
21. What is the main cause of air pollution according to the passage?
A. The use of chemical fertilizers in agriculture.
B. The burning of fossil fuels in various sectors.
C. The discharge of domestic sewage.
D. The overuse of pesticides in farming.
答案：B。

解析：文章明确提到空气污染主要是由工业、发电厂和车辆中煤炭、石油和天然气等化石燃料的燃烧造成的，选项A是土壤污染和水污染的部分成因，选项C是水污染的成因，选项D是土壤污染和水污染的部分成因，所以选B。

22. Which of the following is an effect of water pollution?
A. Increasing soil fertility.
B. Protecting aquatic life.
C. Causing water - borne diseases.
D. Reducing the use of pesticides.
答案：C。

解析：文章指出污染的水会危及水生生物、污染饮用水源并导致各种水传播疾病，选项A与文章中土壤污染会降低土壤肥力相悖，选项B中污染的水是危害水生生物而不是保护，选项D 与水污染无关，所以选C。

23. How does soil pollution occur?
A. By reducing the emissions of harmful substances.
B. Through the proper disposal of industrial waste.
C. Due to the overuse of chemical fertilizers and industrial activities.
D. Because of the development of clean energy technologies.
答案：C。

解析：文章提到土壤污染主要是由于工业活动、不当的废物处理以及过度使用化肥和农药，选项A与减少有害物质排放与土壤污染的产生无关，选项B中适当处理工业废物不会导致土壤污染，选项D清洁能源技术的发展与土壤污染产生无关，所以选C。

24. What is the significance of international agreements like the Paris Agreement?
A. To promote global cooperation in dealing with environmental pollution.
B. To increase the production of fossil fuels.
C. To encourage the overuse of chemical fertilizers.
D. To limit the sharing of environmental management experiences.
答案：A。

解析：文章表明像（巴黎协定》这样的国际协议在促进全球合作应对与环境污染密切相关的气候变化方面发挥着重要作用，选项B增加化石燃料生产与应对环境污染相悖，选项C鼓励过度使用化肥不符合文意，选项D限制环境管理经验分享与文章内容相反，所以选A。

25. Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a cause of environmental pollution?
A. Industrial waste disposal.
B. Domestic sewage.
C. V olcanic eruptions.
D. Agricultural runoff.
答案：C。

解析：文章提到了工业废物处理、生活污水、农业径流都是环境污染的成因，而火山爆发未被提及，所以选C。