it用法小结

It用法小结
一、用于指人以外的一切生物、无生命的东西和事情。

1．指动物和植物。

—Oh，it's Lucy's hat． —It looks like a cat！
Where's tea grown？It's grown in the southeast of China．
2．指代一些无生命的东西。

Is it your watch？？
3．代替上文提到过的整个事情。

如：
You mustn't play on the road．It's dangerous．
His mother told him to study hard ,but it didn’t help.
二、用于指代人。

1．指代说话者心目中不太清楚的那个人，常在打电话或敲门时用。

—Who is knocking at the door？谁在敲门？ —It's me．是我。

2．指代性别不详的婴幼儿或在不计较性别时，也可用it来指人。

如The child smiled when it saw its mother．这小孩一见到母亲就笑了。

I don't know who it is．我不知道他是谁。

3.．在回答用指示代词表示人的特殊问句时，常用it指人。

如：
—Who's that？ —Is it Kate？
三、用于指时间、距离和自然现象等。

1．表示时间。

—What time is it？ —It's ten．
It's summer in Australia now．。

2．表示距离。

如：
It's half an hour's walk from my home to the school．
—Where's the farm，Li Lei？Is it far？ —No，it's quite near．
3．表示自然现象。

如：
Sometimes it snows and the land is all white．
It is very quiet here at the moment．眼下这儿很安静。

四、用作形式主语。

1．It＋is／was＋形容词＋（for／of sb．）＋动词不定式短语。

It is interesting to play with snow in winter．
It's important for us to keep the water clean．
It's very kind of you to say so．
2. 注意：这一句式中的形容词位置也可换用名词；连系动词be也可换用其它连系动词，
It’s a pity / a fact that /wh-clause
It's a good habit to get up early and go to bed early．
It must be great fun to fly to the moon in a spaceship．
3. it happens/occurs to sb.＋that从句中。

It happened that we had met somewhere.
It occurred to me that I should ask the police for help.
4. It ＋will be／is ／was ＋no use/ no good/ useless doing sth.
It's bad playing in the street．
Is it any good trying again？
5．It＋is／was＋形容词＋从句。

It is certain tha t he will come．
It's true that he may fall behind the other students．
It is natural / possible / strange that he should say so．（虚拟语气）5．It takes（sb．）some time to do sth．意为“（某人）花……时间做某事”。

如 It took me a week to finish reading the book．
6．a) It seems ／seemed /appears＋从句。

译为“看起来好像……”，此结构可以转换成“seem ＋动词不定式”形式。

如：
It seems that he is ill. ＝He seems to be ill．看起来他好像病了。

b) It seems/remains/happens that/wh-clause 似乎,碰巧
=sb. seems/remains/happens to do…
7．It seems as if we should finish it tomorrow.
c) It occurred to me that/wh-clause 我突然想到
8. It doesn’t matter wh-clause …没有关系
It makes no difference that /wh-clause …没有区别
9． It’s said / reported / believed that/wh- clause
= sb. be said/ reported / believed to do…
五、用作形式宾语。

make/ think/ find/feel/consider+it+adj.+to do
He found it not easy to learn a foreign language well．
We think it no good read ing in bed．
I think it necessary that we have the meeting．
六.构成强调句。

It was in the street that I saw Li Ping this morning.
It was Nancy who saw your sister in Tokyo last week.
It was whom Nancy saw in Tokyo last week.
It was in Tokyo that Nancy saw your sister last week.
It was last week that Nancy saw your sister in Tokyo.
It wasn’t until last summer that I heard from her.
It wasn’t for myself that I did all this.
Who was it that called him “comrade”?
How was it that you forgot to lock the door?
六．几组容易混淆的it句型结构
①. It’s (high / about) time ….
Time之后可以接介词短语，动词不定式，that从句等，谓语动词需用虚拟语气“should +动词原形，或者动词的过去式”
It’s （about）time that we should go /went to bed.
It’s （about）time for us to go to bed
②. It/this/that+ is/was/will be+ the first (second….) time +that-clause This is the fourth time (that) she has rung you today .
It was the second time (that) I had visited the Great Wall last year .
③. It was/ will be long( hours, days, years, etc) +before +clause
It will be two years before we meet again.
It was a long time before I got to sleep again last night.
④. It is/has been + years( days, weeks, months, etc.)+since-clause
-----What was the party like ?
-----Wonderful. It’s years since I enjoyed myself so much .
It is (has been ) five years since I began to learn English.
⑤. It is/was + 具体的时间点＋ when-clause
本结构是定语从句句型，具体的时间是现行词，关系副词when引导定语从句。

It is 6 o'clock when I go home from school every day .
It was five o’clock in the afternoon when they climbed up to the top of the mountain.
七．交际用语
1．make it / manage it/ 在口语当中相当于succeed，表示：成功、做到、说定、赶上、及时到达
例 It's hard to make it to the top in show business.
2．as it is
　（1）相当于in fact，in reality表示“事实上，实际情况是……”
We had planed to finish the task today，but as it is we probably won't finish it until next week.
（2）相当于方式状语从句，表示“照原样”
Leave the table as it is.
3． that's it
（1）相当于That's all. That's so much. 表示“至此为止，没有别的了” 例 You can have one more sweet，and that's it.
（2）相当于 That's right.表示“对啦”
例 — I guess the key to the problem is the choice “A”
—That's it.
4．catch it
在口语中，相当于be punished/scolded for doing sth. wrong. 表示“因做错事而挨骂，受责备，受批评，受惩罚”
例 We'll really catch it form our teacher if we're late for class again.
5．get it=understand it
6．Take it/things easy.
相当于Don't worry or don't hurry. 用来劝告别人，表示“不要慌，别担心，存住气”
　7． Take it easy！ He will do it well.
8．Believe it or not.表示“信不信由你”
例 Believe it or not，Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday.
9． It all depends/that all depends
在口语中，相当于it hasn't been decided yet，表示“那得看情况，还没有定下来”
例 —Are you going to the countryside for holiday？
—It/That all depends.
10 . It's up to sb.
在口语中，相当于it's decided by sb. 表示“由……决定，由……负责，取决于……”
例 —Shall we go out for dinner？
—It's up to you.
八．特殊句型
1．when it comes to (doing) sth.
When it comes to computer games，he is quite an expert.
2．It ＋is ／was ＋one's turn（duty，pleasure）＋to do sth．意为“该轮到某人做某事（做某事是某人的责任、愉悦的事）”。

如：
It's your turn to be on duty tomorrow．
It’s my turn to look after the baby.
3．if it weren’t for...或if it had not been for...
If it weren’t for my job，I would come with you.
If it hadn’t been for your help，I would never have succeeded
4．it is/was the first/second time that...
It’s the first time that I have heard her sing.
5．it is no wonder that...
It is no wonder that he got the first place in the exam.
6．I took it for granted (that) you would be coming.
7．He hasn’t made it clear when he is coming back.
8．They haven’t made it known where the meeting is to take place.
9．I hate it when people speak with their mouths full.
10．I appreciate it if he doesn’t come to my birthday party.
11．It makes no difference whether we go by train or by boat.
4). If convenient to you I will come to see you this evening．要是你方便的话，我今晚来看你。

（if convenient to you＝if it is convenient to you）
拓展
由连词if 构成的省略
The book is well written and well printed．There are few，
if ____ ，mistakes in it．
A．any B．some C．other D．another
此题应选A。

这是一个省略句，句中的if any＝if there are any（如果有任何错误的话）。

下面是一些由连词if 构成的省略实例：
1．There is very little water，if any．即使有水也不多了（if any＝if there is any water）
2．Fill in the blanks with a，an，the，if necessary．在必要的地方填上a，an，the（if necessary＝if it is necessary）
3．Are you busy this afternoon？If not，I wish you would go with me．你今天下午忙吗？要是不忙，我想请你同我一起去（if not＝if you are not busy）
4．If possible，I should like to have two copies of it．可能的话我希望有两本。

（if possible＝if it is possible）
5.．If convenient to you I will come to see you this evening．要是你方便的话，我今晚来看你。

（if convenient to you＝if it is convenient to you）
九． there与it句型的区别
1）there live/stand/lie/exist…
There stands a big tree at the entrance to the temple.
There lay a ditch two metres wide ahead.
2) There being…（独立主格结构）
There being nothing left in the fridge, we had to do some shopping.
4) …there to be结构常见于动词hope, expect, intend, mean, consider, hate, Want等词后。

No one would expect there to be a war in his country.
I don’t want there to be another accident like this.
5) There is no need to do…
There is no need to wait for the bus since we can take you in our car.
若名词是use, good, harm, sense, point时
There is no + 名词 + in doing…
There is no point in arguing with him. He won’t listen to anyone.
6) There appear/seem/used /be going /is likely…
There seems to be something wrong with the electric fan.
There is likely to be more people at the speech contest than expected. There is no doubt that………..
It is no wonder that……..
十．不能用it代this（打电话）
“hello! Who is that (speaking)?”
“This is john/I (speaking).
不能用it代this。