2022北京市房山区高一下学期期末英语试卷及答案

2022北京房山高一（下）期末
英语
本试卷共12页，共100分。

考试时长90分钟。

考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。

考试结束后，将答题卡交回，试卷自行保存。

第一部分：知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节完形填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

Having worked at 7-El even for two years, I thought I had become successful at “customer relations”. I firmly believed that a 1 smile and an automatic “sir” “madam” and “thank you” would see me through any situation that I might meet. But one night an old woman 2
my faith that a ready but not sincere response could smooth over the rough spots of dealing with others.
The moment she entered, the woman presented a sharp contrast to our shiny store with its bright lighting and neatly arranged shelves. Walking as if each step were 3 , she slowly pushed open the glass door and lamely made her way down the nearest aisle（通道）.
On such a cold night, she was only 4 a dress, a thin sweater too small to button, and there were no stocking or socks on her legs.
After wandering around the store for several minutes, the old woman stopped in front of the rows of canned vegetables. She picked up some corn niblets（玉米粒）and stared at the label. As I stood close to her, my 5 became harder to maintain—her sweater was smelly and dirty.
To my bright “Can I help you?” she replied, “I need some food, any kind.”
“Well, the corn is ninety-five cents,” I said in my most helpful voice, “Or, if you like, we have a special on sausage today. ” “I can’t pay,” she said.
For a second, I intended to say, “Take the corn.” But suddenly the employee’s 6
flooded into my mind: “Remain polite but let the customers know that you are in control.” For a moment, I even held the idea that this woman was someone from the head office, 7 my loyalty. So I responded 8 , “I’m sorry, madam, but I can’t give away anything for free.”
The old woman looked 9 , and her hands trembled as she put the can back on the shelf. She passed me toward the door, her worn and dirty clothing hardly covering her bent back.
Moments after she left, I rushed out the door with the can of corn, but she was nowhere in sight. For the rest of the day, I couldn’t drive her 10 off my mind. I had been young, healthy. She had been old, sick and desperate. Wishing that I had acted like a human being rather a robot, I was sad to realise how fragile a hold we have on our better instincts（本性）.
1. A. hidden B. friendly C. weak D. forced
2. A. shook B. proved C. supported D. doubted
3. A. cheerful B. forceful C. painful D. graceful
4. A. buying B. carrying C. holding D. wearing
5. A. smile B. gesture C. patience D. attention
6. A. goals B. rules C. trainings D. responsibilities
7. A. praising B. testing C. rewarding D. criticising
8. A. curiously B. silently C. dutifully D. unconsciously
9. A. scared B. satisfied C. excited D. disappointed
10. A. behavior B. smell C. expression D. image
第二节语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）
阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。

在未给提示词的空白处仅填写 1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。

请在答题卡指定区域作答。

A
We all know that 11 (honest) is an important value and 12 lying is wrong, but who can honestly say that they’ve never told a lie? Perhaps we comfort ourselves 13
the knowledge that most of the lies we tell are “white lies”; little lies that we tell to protect others from the truth.
B
Benjamin Franklin once 14 (carry) out a famous experiment to prove that lightning was a form of electricity. He raised 15 kite with a piece of string tied to it and a metal key
16 (attach) to the string. When a flash of lightning hit the kite, Franklin got an electric shock by 17 (touch) the key.
C
The Winged Victory of Samothrace, also called the Nike of Samothrace, is a marble Hellenistic sculpture of Nike, 18 was created about the century BC. Since 1884, it 19
(display) in the Louvre and is one of the most celebrated 20 (sculpture) in the world.
第二部分：阅读理解（共两节，满分38分）
第一节（共14小题；每小题2分，共28分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的 A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

A
After a long period of lockdown, now it is time to relax. Head out to find surprising holiday decorations to warm your heart and make your season bright. Come on, light shows are waiting for you.
Holiday Lights on the Boardwalk
Take a walk by the ocean and experience a holiday light display along the Long Beach Boardwalk, dusk to 11 p.m. daily and weekends through mid-January, from Long Beach to Park Avenue.
Free, 516-432-6000. You can also check the storefronts along Park Avenue for more holiday lights.
Town of Islip Holiday Light Show
Bring the family to see the lights from the comfort and safety of personal vehicles as you drive through the 1/8-mile light display on the grounds of historic Brookwood Hall. Decorations have been given by Parks, Recreation and Cultural Affairs and Public Works staff.
Cheap, 516-433-6742. From 5 p.m. to 8 p.m. Dec.22; Brookwood Hall Park.
Suffolk County Holiday Lights Show
The Suffolk County’s drive-through display features two miles of holiday-themed lights; opens from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. through Dec. 30. Closed Dec. 24-25. Tickets will be sold at the gate and payment can be made with credit cards only, no cash, $25; $22 on Dec.30.
Monday through Friday: 631-543-6622.
Christmas House
Indoor family-friendly walk through holiday experience, highlights include a real snow room; 3 to 11 p.m. Monday-Thursday; 3 p.m. to 1 a.m. Friday; 10 a.m. to 1 a.m. Saturday; 10 a.m. to 11 p.m. Sunday through January. Guests must wear masks, maintain social distancing and purchase tickets with assigned arrival time in advance online.
$30 for adults, $25 for kids aged 10 and younger, 631-591-0455.
21. Which light show is the cheapest?
A. Christmas House.
B. Holiday Lights on the Boardwalk.
C. Town of Islip Holiday Light Show.
D. Suffolk County Holiday Lights Show.
22. Visitors can call _______ to get more information about Suffolk County Holiday Lights Show.
A. 516-432-6000.
B. 516-433-6742.
C. 631-543-6622.
D. 631-591-0455.
23. What must visitors do when visiting Christmas House?
A. Visit the real snow room.
B. Take the family members.
C. Buy tickets with credit cards.
D. Purchase tickets ahead of time.
B
HOW ONE MAN MADE A DIFFERENCE
Swiss businessman Henry Dunant, at the age of 31, was already a successful businessman. At the time, France was fighting with the Italian army in a war against Austria. However, he needed the help of Napoleon Ⅲ for one of his business deals. Dunant knew that Napoleon Ⅲ would be with his army in northern Italy, so he travelled to the city of Solferino to look for him.
Dunant arrived on the night of 24 June and found a battlefield filled with 40,000 dead and wounded soldiers. Dunant was horrified by the scene and was filled with compassion for the wounded men. At once, Dunant began attending to the wounded men. In the days that followed, he led local people in helping take care of the wounded and dying. They looked after the soldiers without regard to country or uniform, saying, “All are brothers!”
When Dunant returned to Switzerland the following month, he wrote a book about his experience called A Memory of Solferino. Within the book, he described the battle, its costs, and the chaotic circumstances afterwards. He also developed the idea that in the future, a neutral organization should exist to provide care to wounded soldiers. Dunant began to travel through Europe to distribute the book and promote his ideas. His book was largely positively received. This eventually led to the forming of the International Committee of the Red Cross in 1863.
The first act of the Red Cross was to organize an international conference (the Geneva Convention) where countries adopted guidelines and measures for protecting the wounded and medical workers during and after battles. While the Red Cross is mostly tasked with helping people in times of war, it also responds to natural disasters and gives aid to people who have to leave their homes. For example, the Red Cross provided aid and relief after the May 2008 Wenchuan Earthquake in Sichuan, China.
Dunant himself gave up everything to save the world. His business failed because he was too busy with his work in the Red Cross. Then Dunant had to leave the Red Cross because of a personal conflict. Despite this, he continued to work as a volunteer, helping provide relief to people caught up in war. In the end, he lost all his money, fell ill, and had to be taken in by a charity. By this time, the Red Cross had become famous, but he was mostly forgotten. In the last years of his life, though, he was discovered by a newspaper reporter. From then on, he was celebrated around the world as the man responsible for saving many thousands of lives. Though he is long gone, his spirit continues with us until this day.
24. Where does Dunant’s idea of forming the Red Cross come from?
A. The encouragement of other devoted volunteers.
B. His travel through Europe to distribute the book.
C. His unsuccessful business deals with Napoleon Ⅲ.
D. His experience to help wounded soldiers in Solferino.
25. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
A. Du nant’s business failed because of the outbreak of war.
B. Dunant finally left the Red Cross and no longer continued to volunteer.
C. In Solferino, the volunteers attended to the soldiers only from Austria.
D. Dunant travelled Solferino originally to look for Napoleon Ⅲ for business deals.
26. How does the Red Cross aid people in need according to the author?
A. Organizing international conferences.
B. Giving aid to homeless bankrupt people.
C. Helping people in times of natural disasters.
D. Providing guidelines for protecting soldiers.
27. What c an best describe Henry Dunant’s quality?
A. Generous and confident.
B. Responsible and selfless.
C. Easygoing and intelligent.
D. Determined and independent.
C
Twenty years ago, crises (危机) like the California’s wildfires and Hurricane Laura that occurred last year could have been described as “natural disasters”. Thanks to climate change, this is no longer the case. Around mid-August last year, the temperature in Death Valley once reached the highest ever recorded on Earth. A hotter, drier California is much more likely to burst into flames (突然着火). The Gulf of Mexico too is heating up. Hurricanes draw their energy from the warmth of the surface waters and so are becoming stronger and more likely to increase. Perhaps we should call these events in a new term, “man-made natural disasters”.
People now play such an important role on the planet. By cutting down forests and digging mines and building cities, we’ve changed half of the ice-free land on Earth. With our advanced tools, we move around more earth than all the world’s rivers and streams. As a result, all sorts of disasters extend across the line between man and nature. Many earthquakes, for example, are now caused by human activity. Meanwhile, as the climate continues to warm, wildfires will grow even larger and storms more damaging.
What’s to be done? According to some scientists, the best way to deal with human intervention (干涉) in the natural world is to intervene better. Old technologies got us into this situation; new ones will get us out. Supporters of this view note
the striking advances that are being made all the time, in fields ranging from computing to material science. To prevent climate change, engineers have built machines that take CO2 out of the air. Today the numbers are limited, but perhaps one day they’ll be as common as telephones.
As for me, I think that the choice we face is not whether to change the world; that decision unfortunately has been made. The decision going forward is how are we going to change it. Over the years I’ve interviewed scores of scientists, inventors, and industrialists, and I’m continually impressed by how clever humans are as a species. But then the wind blows in smoke from 3,000 miles away, and I’m reminded of how dangerous we are as well.
28. What does the first two paragraphs want to tell us?
A. Natural disasters have become much more severe.
B. People have changed the earth with advanced tools.
C. Natural disasters now are caused by human activity.
D. People now play such an important role on the planet.
29. Why does the author mention machines that take CO2 out of the air?
A. To prove that greenhouse effect problems are solvable.
B. To explain that we can intervene better in the natural world.
C. To show that technological advances are striking all the time.
D. To indicate that new technologies will be very common one day.
30. According to the last paragraph, the author would agree that _______.
A. we should not change the world any more
B. we should feel proud of humans’ intelligence
C. we should reconsider the way we change the world
D. people should be aware of the potential threat from human activity
D
Most students do an IQ test early in their school career. Even if they never see their results, they feel that IQ is what determines how well they are going to do in life. When they see other students doing better than them, they usually believe that those students have a higher IQ and that there is nothing they can do to change facts. However, new research into EQ suggests that success is not simply the result of a high IQ.
While your IQ tells you how intelligent you are, your EQ tells you how well you use your intelligence. Professor Salovey, who invented the term EQ, gives the following description. At work, it is IQ that gets you hired, but it is EQ that gets you promoted. Supported by his academic research, Professor Salovey suggests that when predicting someone’s future success, their character, as measured by EQ tests, might actually matter more than their IQ.
Professor Salovey may be correct. For example, have you ever wondered why some of the smartest students in your class, who you think deserve good grades, sometimes end up failing exams? Perhaps their failure is because of their low EQ. People are often mistaken in thinking that those with high IQs always have high EQs as well. This association can exist, but it is as possible for someone with a low IQ to have a high EQ or someone with a high IQ to have a low EQ.
It is generally believed that people with high EQs are open to new ideas and have positive attitudes towards life. They are also less likely to be troubled by problems. On the other hand, there is little doubt that people with low EQs often have problems getting on with other people and dealing with difficult situations; thus, they have a harder time surviving in life.
People generally believe that a person’s IQ is determined by birth. Howe ver, most social scientists agree that EQ has a lot to do with education. Some are trying to study the possibility to improving a person’s EQ, especially in terms of “people skills”, such as understanding and communication.
Professor Mayer, recently announced the results of a study on senior high school students. When normal students were introduced to students with disabilities, they found that, afterwards, the normal students were more willing to help people with difficulties. They also showed a better understanding of the disabled students’ feeling compared to students who had not been involved in the study. There was also an obvious change in the disabled students’ attitudes. They became more positive about life and more willing to try new things.
The results of studies such as these show that EQ is as important, if not more important than IQ. To get ahead in the world and lead a happy successful life means getting on with other people and being able to understand and react to situations in the best way possible. This requires a high EQ - the higher the better. And the fact that it might be possible to raise EQs means that schools need to make sure that their students are receiving the education they really need and know that their futures are not entirely determined by their IQs.
31. What does the first paragraph want to convey?
A. Only a high IQ can’t result in success.
B. Most students never see their IQ test results.
C. Students can’t change their IQs with education.
D. IQ determines how well students are going to do in life.
32. Why do some smart students end up failing exams according to Prof. Salovey?
A. Because they probably have a lower IQ.
B. Because they probably have a lower EQ.
C. Because they are often mistaken in thinking.
D. Because they are likely to be troubled by problems.
33. According to the text, which statement is true?
A. People’s character might not matter more than their IQ.
B. “People skills” are of little importance on one’s road to success.
C. People with high EQs usually have negative attitude towards life.
D. Schools should reconsider if their students are receiving the education they need.
34. What would be the best title for the text?
A. Practice makes perfect.
B. IQ is important for us.
C. Success comes with a high EQ.
D. Success owes to wisdom.
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）
根据短文内容, 从短文后的七个选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

It’s been sa id tha t good cooking is an art f orm. The truth is that it’s mu ch more than that.
ake connections to the broader world by asking, “Where does our food come from?” and “What is the history of this recipe?” It allows them to apply what they are learning in school in a new context. They also test the ma th
skills of young chefs. Measuring ingredients（原料）
opportunity for them to learn that oil and water don’t usually mix.
disappointed to find that it was flat as a board. I told her about how, as a preteen, I accidentally made cookies with garlic powder instead of powdered ginger. Then we worked together to figure out what had gone wrong with her cake.
have tried. Jad, 11, had never eaten quinoa （藜麦）before testing a recipe for quinoa with herbs. His parents reported that he was so excited about this new ingredient that he cooked it for his family the next night.
Of course, the best part of cooking with kids isn’t th
of holiday baking, including our favorite chocolate-chip cookies. We both felt excited despite the mess that accompanied that experience.
A. It is patience that really matters.
B. Cooking also brings science concepts to life.
C. In some ways, they help kids develop resilience.
D. It’s the memories you make together in the kitchen.
E. Beyond the practical skills, cooking builds character.
F. When using oil or fat for cooking, use as little as possible.
G. It’s a way to teach kids vital skills, such as critical thinking, creativity and cooperation.
第三部分书面表达（共两节，满分32 分）
第一节（共4小题；第40、41题各2分，第42题3分，第43题5分，共12分）
阅读下面短文，根据题目要求用英文回答问题。

请在答题卡指定区域作答。

How AI Will Impact the Future of Work and Life
AI, or artificial intelligence, seems to be on the tip of everyone’s tongue these days. While I’ve been aware of this major trend in tech development for a while, I’ve noticed AI appearing more and more as one of the most i n-demand areas of expertise for job seekers.
I’m sure that for many of us, the term “AI” conjures up sci-fi fantasies or fear about robots taking over the world. The depictions of AI in the media have run the gamut, and while no one can predict exactly how it will evolve in the future, the current trends and developments paint a much different picture of how AI will become part of our lives.
In reality, AI is already at work all around us, impacting everything from our search results, to our online dating prospects, to the way we shop. Data shows that the use of AI in many sectors of business has grown by 270% over the last four years.
But what will AI mean for the future of work? As computers and technology have evolved, this has been one of the most pressing questions. As with many technological developments throughout history, the advancement of artificial intelligence has created fears that human workers will become obsolete.
The reality is probably a lot less dire, but maybe even more complicated.
What is AI?
Before we do a deep dive on the ways in which AI will impact the future of work, it’s important to start simple: what is AI? A straightforward definition from Britannica states that artificial intelligence is “the ability of a digital comput er or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.”
“AI” has become a catchall term to describe any advancements in computing, systems and technology in which computer programs can perform tasks or solve problems that require the kind of reason we associate with human intelligence, even learning from past processes.
This ability to learn is a key component of AI. Algorithms, like the dreaded Facebook algorithm that replaced all our friends with sponsored content, are often associated with AI.
AI will probably not make human workers obsolete, at least not for a long time.
40. According to the passage, what is “AI”?
____________________________________________________________________________
41. How does AI affect our life?
____________________________________________________________________________
42. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
No one can predict exactly how AI will develop in the future, and the key component of it has not been found.
____________________________________________________________________________
43. Will AI replace the jobs of humans in the future? Please give your reasons. (In about 40 words)
____________________________________________________________________________
第二节作文（20 分）
假设你是红星中学高一学生李华。

你的英国笔友Jim发来电子邮件诉说他的烦恼：无意间他将朋友Tom对其他同学的抱怨说了出去，现在Tom很生气，对他不理不睬。

他不知道该怎么办才好。

请你给Jim写一封回信，针对他的烦恼，向他提出一些建议。

内容包括：
1. 可行建议；
2. 安慰鼓励。

注意：1. 词数100词左右；
2. 开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。

Dear Jim,
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________
Yours,
Li Hua
（考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效）
参考答案
第一部分：语言知识运用（共两节，满分30分）
第一节完形填空:（共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分）
第一节：（共14小题；每小题2分，满分28分）
第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
.第三部分:书面表达（共2小题，满分32分）
第一节阅读表达（共4小题；第1、2题各2分，第3题3分，第4题5分，共12分）。

参考答案：
40. Artificial intelligence is “the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings.”
41. AI is already at work all around us, impacting everything from our search results, to our online dating prospects, to the way we shop.
42. No one can predict exactly how AI will develop in the future, and the key component of it has not been found. According to the passage, the ability to learn is a key component of AI.
43. I don’t think that AI will replace the jobs of humans. For example, empathy is one of the pillars which make humans. AI doesn’t possess such emotions. So no matter how developed AI becomes, it’ll not replace jobs which require high empathy, intricate human understanding, and managing emotions.
第二节作文（共1小题，满分20分）
One possible version:
Dear Jim,
I’m sorry to know that your friend is angry with you for repeating what he said. Don’t worry too much. It is understandable for people to clash with each other in life. Here are some advices for you to resolve the conflict.
First, it is important to apologize to Tom. You have to admit that it is your fault and tell him directly and honestly that you were talking without thinking.
Then, it should be a good idea to have a chat with Tom. If I were you, I would tell him I regard him as my best friend and as k him to forgive me, because I really don’t want to lose such a good friend.
I hope you will find these suggestions helpful and that your friendship will soon be repaired.
Yours,
Li Hua。