西安工程大学英语综合知识考研真题试题2016—2019年
西安工程大学英语学位考试真题及答案
西安工程大学英语学位考试真题深度解析与备考策略As an esteemed institution of higher learning, Xi'an Polytechnic University consistently challenges its students to excel in all academic areas, particularly in the field of English language proficiency. The English Degree Examination, a crucial milestone for students pursuingtheir academic goals, requires a thorough understanding of the test's format and content, as well as effective preparation strategies. In this article, we delve into the latest trends and patterns observed in the examination's questions, provide answers to selected questions, and offer insights into effective preparation methods.**Exam Format and Content Overview**The English Degree Examination at Xi'an Polytechnic University typically comprises multiple sections, including reading comprehension, vocabulary and grammar, writing, and listening comprehension. Each section is designed to assess specific language skills and knowledge areas. It is crucial for students to familiarize themselves with the exam's structure and allocate appropriate time to each section.**Reading Comprehension**Reading comprehension questions often focus on extracting key information from passages, understanding the author's intent, and inferring implied meanings. To excel in this section, students should practice reading a wide range of texts, including academic articles, novels, and news reports. By practicing with a variety of texts, students can improve their speed and accuracy when reading unfamiliar material.**Vocabulary and Grammar**Vocabulary and grammar questions test students' knowledge of the English language's basic building blocks. To prepare for this section, students should review commonly tested vocabulary words and practice using them in context. Additionally, a solid understanding of grammar rules and their applications is essential. Regular practice with exercises and quizzes can help students巩固 their knowledge in this area.**Writing**The writing section requires students to demonstrate their ability to construct coherent and well-argued essays. To prepare, students should practice writing essays on a range of topics, focusing on clear organization, logical flow, and effective language use. It's also beneficial to review sample essays and learn from their strengths and weaknesses.**Listening Comprehension**Listening comprehension questions test students'ability to understand spoken English. To improve in this area, students should practice listening to a variety of audio materials, including podcasts, lectures, and interviews. By actively listening to native speakers and practicing with listening exercises, students can improve their ability to quickly and accurately process spoken language.**Exam Preparation Strategies**Effective exam preparation involves a combination of strategies. Firstly, students should create a detailed study plan that outlines the topics and skills they need to focus on. Regularly scheduled practice sessions, with a mixof review and new material, can help students maintain momentum and avoid cramming.Secondly, students should take advantage of available resources, such as textbooks, online tutorials, andpractice exams. These resources can provide additional practice opportunities and help students identify areas where they need to focus their efforts.Lastly, students should cultivate a positive mindset and maintain a healthy lifestyle during their preparation. Stress management techniques, such as exercise, relaxation, and positive affirmations, can help students stay focused and motivated.In conclusion, success in the English Degree Examination at Xi'an Polytechnic University requires a combination of hard work, strategic planning, and effective preparation methods. By familiarizing themselves with the exam's format and content, practicing with a variety of materials, and maintaining a positive mindset, students can confidently approach this challenging exam and achievetheir desired results.**西安工程大学英语学位考试真题深度解析与备考策略**西安工程大学作为一所知名的高等学府，始终要求学生在各个领域，特别是在英语语言能力方面达到卓越水平。
2016考研真题英1
Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)In Cambodia the choice of a spouse is a complex one for the young male. It may involve not only his parents and his friends,１those of the young women, but also a matchmaker. A young man can 2 a likely spouse on his own and them ask his parents to 3 the marriage negotiations. or the young man’s parents may make the choice of a spouse, giving the child little to say in the selection. 4 , a girl may veto the spouse her parents have chosen. 5 a spouse has been selected, each family investigates the other to make sure its child is marrying 6 a good family.The traditional wedding is a long and colorful affair. Formerly it lasted three days 7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. Buddhist priests offer a short sermon and 8 prayers of blessing. Parts of the ceremony involve ritual hair cutting, 9 cotton threads soaked in holy water around the bride’s and groom’s wrists ,and 10 a candle around a circle of happily married and respected couples to bless the 11 .Newlyweds traditionally move in with the wife’s parents and may 12 with them up to a year, 13 they can build a flew house nearby.Divorce is legal and easy to 14 ,but not common .Divorced persons are 15 with some disapproval. Each spouse retains 16 property he or she 17 into the marriage, and jointly –acquired property is 18 equally. Divorced persons may remarry, but a gender prejudice 19 up .The divorced male doesn’t have a waiting period before he can remarry 20 the woman must wait the months.1. [A] by way of [B] as well as [C] on behalf of [D] with regard to2. [A] adapt to [B] provide for [C]compete with [D] decide on3. [A] close [B] renew [C]arrange [D] postpone4. [A] In theory [B] Above all [C] In time [D] For example5. [A] Although [B] Lest [C] After [D] Unless6. [A] into [B] within [C] from [D] through7. [A] sine [B] or [C] but [D] so8. [A] test [B]copy [C]recite [D] create9. [A] folding [B] piling [C] wrapping [D] tying10. [A] lighting [B] passing [C] hiding [D] serving11. [A] meeting [B] association [C] collection [D]union12. [A] grow [B] part [C] deal [D]live13. [A] whereas [B] until [C] for [D] if14. [A] obtain [B] follow [C] challenge [D]avoid15. [A] isolated [B] persuaded [C] viewed [D] exposed16. [A]wherever [B] however [C] whenever [D]whatever17. [A] changed [B] brought [C] shaped [D] pushed18. [A] divided [B] invested [C] donated [D] withdrawn19. [A]clears [B] warms [C] shows [D] breaks20. [A]while [B] so what [C]once [D] in thatSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1France, which prides itself as the global innovator of fashion, has decided its fashion industry has lost an absolute right to define physical beauty for woman. Its lawmakers gave preliminary approval last week toa law that would make it a crime to employ ultra-thin models on runways.The parliament also agreed to ban websites that” incite excessive thinness” by promoting extreme dieting.Such measures have a couple of uplifting motives. They suggest beauty should not be defined by looks that end up with impinging on health. That’s a start. And the ban on ultra-thin models seems to go beyond protecting models from starring themselves to health –as some have done. It tells the fashion industry that it move take responsibility for the signal it sends women, especially teenage girls, about the social tape –measure they must use to determine their individual worth.The bans, if fully enforced ,would suggest to woman (and many men )that they should not let others be orbiters of their beauty .And perhaps faintly, they hint that people should look to intangible qualities like character and intellect rather than dieting their way to sine zero or wasp-waist physiques .The French measures, however, rely too much on severe punishment to change a culture that still regards beauty as skin-deep-and bone-showing. Under the law, using a fashion model that does not meet a government-defined index of body mess could result in a $85,000 fine and six months in prison.The fashion industry knows it has an inherent problem in focusing on material adornment and idealized body types. In Denmark, theUnited States, and a few other countries, it is trying to set voluntary standard for models and fashion images there rely more on pear pressure for enforcement.In contrast to France’s actions, Denmark’s fashion industry agreed last month on rules and sanctions regarding age, health, and other characteristics of models .The newly revised Danish Fashion Ethical charter clearly states, we are aware of and take responsibility for the impact the fashion industry has on body ideals, especially on young people. The charter’s main toll of enforcement is to deny access for designers and modeling agencies to Copenhagen. Fashion week, which is men by the Danish Fashion Institute .But in general it relies on a name-and –shame method of compliance.Relying on ethical persuasion rather than law to address the misuse of body ideals may be the best step. Even better would be to help elevate notions of beauty beyond the material standards of a particular industry.21. According to the first paragraph, what would happen in France?[A] Physical beauty would be redefined[B] New runways would be constructed[C] Websites about dieting would thrive[D] The fashion industry would decline22. The phrase “impinging on”(Line2 Para2) is closest in meaning to[A] heightening the value of[B] indicating the state of[C] losing faith in[D] doing harm to23. Which of the following is true of the fashion industry[A] The French measures have already failed[B] New standards are being set in Denmark[C] Models are no longer under peer pressure[D] Its inherent problems are getting worse24. A designer is most likely to be rejected by CFW for[A] setting perfect physical conditions[B] caring too much about models’ character[C] showing little concern for health factors[D] pursuing a high age threshold for models25. Which of the following maybe the best title of the text?[A] A challenge to the Fashion Industry’s Body Ideals[B] A Dilemma for the starving models in France[C] Just Another Round of struggle for beauty[D] The Great Threats to the Fashion IndustryText 2For the first time in the history more people live in towns than in the country. In Britain this has had a curious result. While polls show Britons rate “the countryside” alongside the royal family. Shakespeare and the National Health Service (NHS) as what make them proudest of their country, this has limited political support.A century ago Octavia Hill launched the National Trust not to rescue stylish houses but to save “the beauty of natural places for everyone forever”. It was specifically to provide city dwellers with spaces for leisure where they could experience “a refreshing air”. Hill’s pressure later led to the creation of national parks and green belts. They don’t make countryside any more, and every year concrete consumes more of it .It needs constant guardianship.At the next election none of the big parties seem likely to endorse this sentiment. The Conservatives’ planning reform explicitly gives rural development priority over conservation,even authorizing “off–plan” building where local people might object. The concept of sustainable development has been defined asprofitable. Labour likewise wants to discontinue local planning where councils oppose development. The Liberal Democrats are silent onlyu sensing its chance, has sides with those pleading for a more considered approach to using green land. Its campaign to protect Rural England struck terror into many local conservative parties.The sensible place to build new houses factories and offices is where people are in cities and towns where infrastructure is in place. The London agents Stirling Ackroyed recently identified enough sites for half of million houses in the Landon area alone with no intrusion on green belts. What is true of London is even truer of the provinces. The idea that “housing crisis” equals “concreted meadows” is pure lobby talk. The issue is not the need for more houses but, as always, where to put them under lobby pressure, George Osborne favours rural new-build against urban renovation and renewal. He favours out-of-town shopping sites against high streets. This is not a free market but a biased one. Rural towns and villages have grown and will always grow. They do so best where building sticks to their edges and respects their character. We do not ruin urban conservation areas. Why ruin rural ones?Development should be planned, not let trip, After the Netherlands, Britain is Europe’s most crowed country. Half a century of town and country planning has enable it to retain an enviable rural coherence, while still permitting low-density urban living. There is no doubt of the alternative-the corrupted landscapes of southern Portugal, Spain orIreland. Avoiding this rather than promoting it should unite the left and right of the political spectrum.26. Britain’s public sentiment about the countryside[A] is not well reflected in politics[B] is fully backed by the royal family[C] didn’t start fill the Shakespearean age[D] has brought much benefit to the NHS27. According to paragraph 2，the achievements of the National Trust are now being[A] largely overshadowed[B] properly protected[C] effectively reinforced[D] gradually destroyed28. Which of the following can be offered from paragraph 3[A] Labour is under attack for opposing development[B] The Conservatives may abandon “off-plan” building[C] Ukip may gain from its support for rural conservation[D] The Liberal Democrats are losing political influence29. The author holds that George Osbornes’s preference[A] shows his disregard for the character of rural area[B] stresses the necessity of easing the housing crisis[C] highlights his firm stand against lobby pressure[D] reveals a strong prejudice against urban areas30. In the last paragraph the author show his appreciation of[A] the size of population in Britain[B] the enviable urban lifestyle in Britain[C] the town-and-country planning in Britain[D] the political life in today’s BritainText 3“There is one and only one social responsibility of business” wrote Milton Friedman, a Nobel Prize-winning economist “That is, to use its resources and engage in activities designed to increase its profits.” But even if you accept Friedman’s premise and regard corporate social responsibility(CSR) policies as a waste of shareholders’s money, things may not be absolutely clear-act. Newresearch suggests that CSR may create monetary value for companies at least when they are prosecuted for corruption.The largest firms in America and Britain together spend more than $15 billion a year on CSR, according to an estimate by EPG, a consulting firm. This could add value to their businesses in three ways. First, consumers may take CSR spending as a “signal” that a company’s products are of high quality. Second, customers may be willing to buy a company’s products as an indirect may to donate to the good causes it helps. And third, through a more diffuse “halo effect” whereby its good deeds earn it greater consideration from consumers and others.Previous studies on CSR have had trouble differentiating these effects because consumers can be affected by all three. A recent study attempts to separate them by looking at bribery prosecutions under American’s Foreign Corrupt Practices Act（FCPA）.It argues that since prosecutors do not consume a company’s products as part of their investigations，they could be influenced only by the halo effect.The study found that，among prosecuted firms，those with the most comprehensive CSR programmes tended to get more lenient penalties. Their analysis ruled out the possibility that it was firm’s political influence, rather than their CSR stand, that accounted for the leniency: Companies that contributed more to political campaigns did not receive lower fines.In all, the study concludes that whereas prosecutors should only evaluate a case based on its merits, they do seem to be influenced by acompany’s record in CSR. “We estimate that either eliminating a substantial labour-rights concern, such as child labour, or increasing corporate giving by about20% result in fines that generally are 40% lower than the typical punishment for bribing foreign officials.” says one researcher.Researchers admit that their study does not answer the question at how much businesses ought to spend on CSR. Nor does it reveal how much companies are banking on the halo effect, rather than the other possible benefits, when they companies get into trouble with the law, evidence of good character can win them a less costly punishment.31. The author views Milton Friedman’s statement about CSR with[A]uncertainty[B]skepticism[C]approval[D]tolerance32. According to Paragraph 2, CSR helps a company by[A]guarding it against malpractices[B]protecting it from consumers[C]winning trust from consumers.[D]raising the quality of its products33. The expression “more lenient”(line 2,Para.4)is closest in meaning to[A]less controversial[B]more lasting[C]more effective[D]less severe34. When prosecutors evaluate a case, a company’s CSR record[A]comes across as reliable evidence[B]has an impact on their decision[C]increases the chance of being penalized[D]constitutes part of the investigation35. Which of the following is true of CSR according to the last paragraph?[A] The necessary amount of companies spending on it is unknown[B] Companies’ financial capacity for it has been overestimated[C] Its negative effects on businesses are often overlooked[D]It has brought much benefit to the banking industryText 4There will eventually come a day when The New York Times ceases to publish stories on newsprint. Exactly when that day will be is a matter of debate. ”Sometime in the future,” the paper’s publisher said back in 2010.Nostalgia for ink on paper and the rustle of pages aside, there’s plenty of incentive to ditch print. The infrastructure required to make a physical newspaper – printing presses, delivery trucks – isn’t just expensive; it’s excessive at a time when online – only competitors don’t have the same set of financial constraints. Readers are migrating away from print anyway. And though print ad sales still dwarf their online and mobile counterparts, revenue from print is still declining.Overhead may be high and circulation lower, but rushing to eliminate its print edition would be a mistake, says BuzzFeed CEO Jonah Peretti.Peretti says the Times shouldn’t waste time getting out of the print business, but only if they go about doing it the right way. “Figuring out a way to accelerate that transition would make sense for them,” he said, “but if you discontinue it, you’re going have your most loyal customers really upset with you.”Sometimes that’s worth making a change anyway. Peretti gives the example of Netflix discontinuing its DVD-mailing service to focus on streaming. “It was seen as blunder,” he said. The move turned out tobe foresighted. And if Peretti were in charge at the Times? ”I wouldn’t pick a year to end print,” he said “I would raise prices and make it into more of a legacy product.”The most loyal customers would still get the product they favor, the idea goes, and they’d feel like they were helping sustain the quality of something they believe in. “So if you’re overpaying for print, you could feel like you were helping,” Peretti said. “Then increase it at a higher rate each year and essentially try to generate additional revenue.” In other words, if you’re going to make a print product, make it for the people who are already obsessed with it. Which may be what the Times is doing already. Getting the print edition seven days a week costs nearly $500 a year – more than twice as much as a digital – only subscription.“It’s a really hard thing to do and it’s a tremendous luxury that BuzzFeed doesn’t have a legacy business,” Peretti remarked. “But we’re going to have questions like that where we have things we’re doing that don’t make sense when the market changes and the world changes. In those situations, it’s better to be more aggressive that less aggressive.”36. The New York Times is considering ending it’s print edition partly due to[A] the increasing online and sales[B] the pressure from its investors[C] the complaints from its readers[D] the high cost of operation37. Peretti suggests that in face of the present situation, The Times should[A] make strategic adjustments[B] end the print sedition for good[C] seek new sources of leadership[D] aim for efficient management38. It can be inferred from paragraphs 5and 6 that a ” legacy product”[A] helps restore the glory of former times[B] is meant for the most loyal customers[C] will have the cost of printing reduced[D] expands the popularity of the paper39. Peretti believes that in a changing world[A] traditional luxuries can stay unaffected[B] cautiousness facilitates problem-solving[C] aggressiveness better meets challenges[D] legacy businesses are becoming out dated40. which of the following would be the best title of the text?[A] shift to online newspapers all at once[B] Cherish the Newspapers still in Your Hand[C] keep Your Newspapers Forever in Fashion[D] Make Your print Newspapers a luxury GoodPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSER SHEET. (10 point)[A] Create a new image of yourself[B] Decide if the time is right[C] Have confidence in yourself[D]Understand the context[E]Work with professionals[F]Make it efficient[G]Know your goalsNo matter how formal or informal the work environment, the way you present yourself has an impact. This is especially true in the first impressions. According to research from Princeton University , people assess your competence, trustworthiness, and likeability in just a tenth of a second, solely based on the way you look.The difference between today’s workplace and the “dress for success” era is that the range of options is so much broader. Norms have evolved and fragmented. In some settings, red sneakers or dress T-shirts can convey status; in other not so much. Plus, whatever image we present is magnified by social-media services like LinkedIn. Chances are, your headshots are seen much more often now than a decade or two ago. Millennials, it seems, face the paradox of being the least formal generation yet the most conscious of style and personal branding. It can be confusing.So how do we navigate this? How do we know when to invest in an upgrade? And what’s the best way to pull off one than enhances our goals? Here are some tips:41_________________________As an executive coach, I’ve seen image upgrades be particular helpful during transitions-when looking for a new job, stepping into a new or more public role, or changing work environments. If you’re in aperiod of change or just feeling stuck and in a rut, now may be a good time. If you’re not sure, ask for honest feedback from trusted friends, colleagues and professionals. Look for cues about how others perceive you. Maybe there’s no need for an upgrade and that’s OK42________________________Get clear on what impact you’re hoping to have. Are you looking to refresh your image or pivot it? For one person, the goal may be to be taken more seriously and enhance their professional image. For another, it may be to be perceived as more approachable, or more modern and stylish. For someone moving from finance to advertising, maybe they want to look more “SoHo.” (It’s OK to use characterizations likethat )43 ________________________Look at your work environment like an anthropologist. What are the norms of your environment? What conveys status? Who are your most important audiences? How do the people you respect and look up to present themselves? The better you understand the cultural context, the more control you can have over your impact.44 _______________________Enlist the support of professionals and share with them your goals and context. Hire a personal stylist, or use the free styling service of a store like J. Crew. Try a hair stylist instead of a barber. Work with aprofessional photographer instead of your spouse or friend. It’s not as expensive as you might think.45 ________________________The point of a style upgrade isn’t to become more vain or to spend more time fussing over what to wear. Instead, use it as an opportunity to reduce decision fatigue. Pick a standard work uniform or a few go-to options. Buy all your clothes at once with a stylist instead of shopping alone, one article of clothing at a time.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Mental health is our birthright. (46) we don’t have to learn how to be mentally healthy, it is built into us in the same way that our bodies know how to heal a cut or mend, a broken bone. Mental health can’t be learned, only reawakened. It is like immune system of the body, which under stress or through lack of nutrition or exercise can be weakened, but which never leaves us. When we don’t understand the value of mental health and we don’t know how to gain access to it, mental health will remain hidden from us. (47) Our mental health doesn’t go anywhere; like the sun behind a cloud, it can betemporarily hidden from view, but it is fully capable of being restored in an instant.Mental health is the seed that contains self-esteem –confidence in ourselves and an ability to trust in our common sense. It allows us to have perspective on our lives-the ability to not take ourselves too seriously, to laugh at ourselves, to see the bigger picture, and to see that things will work out. It’s a form of innate or unlearned optimism.(48) Mental health allows us to view others with sympathy if they are having troubles, with kindness if they are in pain, and with unconditional love no matter who they are. Mental health is the source of creativity for solving problems, resolving conflict, making our surroundings more beautiful, managing our home life, or coming up with a creative business idea or invention to make our lives easier. It gives us patience for ourselves. And toward others as well as patience while driving, catching a fish, working on our car, or raising a child. It allows us to see the beauty that surrounds us each moment in nature, in culture, in the flow of our daily lives.(49)Although mental health is the cure-all for living our lives, it is perfecting ordinary as you will see that it has been there to direct you through all your difficult decisions. It has been available even in the most mundane of life situations to show you right from wrong, good from bad, friend from foe. Mental health has commonly been called conscience, instinct, wisdom, common sense, or the inner voice, we think of it simply as a health and helpful flow of intelligent thought. (50) As you will come to see, knowing that mental health is always availableand knowing to trust it allow us to slow down to the moment and live life happily.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions:Suppose you are a librarian in your university. Write a notice of about 100 words. Providing the newly-enrolled international students with relevant information about the library.You should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not sign your own name at the end of the notice. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)Part B52. Directions:Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following pictures In your essay, you should1) describe the pictures briefly2) interpret the meaning , and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.(20 points)Do not sign your own name at the end of the letter. Use Li Ming instead.Do not write the address. (10 points)。
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题答案及详解共15页
2019年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1-5 CDBBA 6-10 BADCA 11-15 BCDCB 16-20 DADAC1．C解析：语义逻辑题。
第一句含义是“古希腊哲学家亚里士多德把笑看作是“有益于身体健康的宝贵锻炼”，第二句意思是“但是一些人提出相反的意见，轻笑可能对身体健康影响极小”，两句之间是转折关系，A、B、C、D四个选项中只有C选项表转折“尽管”，故是正确选项。
2．D解析：语义辨析题。
上下文语境是“笑确实能短期的改变”。
A. reflect“反映”，B. demand“要求”，C. indicate“表明，暗示”，D. produce“产生”，只有D 选项符合语境，所以是正确答案。
3．B解析：语义搭配题。
文中提到“笑能够心律呼吸速率。
” A. stabilizing 意思是“安定，稳定”，B. boosting“促进，推进”，C. impairing“损害，削弱”，D. determining“决定”，根据语境应该是“笑能够促进心律呼吸速率”，B为正确答案。
4．B解析：语义辨析题。
这句话意思是“但是因为大笑很难，一次狂笑不可能……”，四个选项的含义分别是 A. transmit “传播”，B. sustain“维持”，C. evaluate “评估”，D. observe“观察”，根据语境，只有B. sustain符合语境。
5．A解析：语义辨析题。
这句话意思是“一次狂笑不可能像比如走路或者慢跑那样对心血管功能产生益处。
” A. measurable“重大的，重要的”，B. manageable“易控制的”，C. affordable“负担得起的”，D. renewable“可再生的”，四个选项中能和“益处”搭配的只有A. measurable，故是正确答案。
6．B解析：逻辑分析题。
第二段第一句是说“其他的锻炼可以拉紧增强肌肉，很显然笑确是起到了……作用”，对上文有承接还有转折的关系，A. In turn 意思是“轮流”，C. In addition是“另外”，D. In brief 意思是“简而言之”，都不符合语境，只有B. In fact“事实上”符合上下文语境，是正确选项。
2016考研真题英2
Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text。
Choose the best word（s） for each numbered blank and mark A， B， C or D on the ANSWER SHEET。
（10 points）Happy people work differently。
They’re more productive， more creative， and willing to take greater risks。
And new research suggests that happiness might influence 1 firms work， too。
Companies located in place with happier people invest more， according to a recent research paper。
2 ， firms in happy places spend more on R&D（research and development）。
That’s because happiness is linked to the kind of longer-term thinking 3 for making investment for the future。
The researchers wanted to know if the 4 and inclination for risk-taking that come with happiness would 5 the way companies invested。
So they compared U.S。
cities’ average happiness 6 by Gallup polling with the investment activity of publicly traded firms in those areas。
研究生英语考试试卷真题
研究生英语考试试卷真题PartIVocabularyandStructure (30%)（下面 60 题中选 20 题，一模一样的 ,10 题课外）1.Theaircraftbaseisprotectedwithspeciallydesignedshelterswhicharebuiltto____B_groundandaira ttacks.A)launchB)withstandC)contestD)contend2.I’mpleasedtohearofyourjoboffer—allthathardworkatschoolhasobviously____A_____.A)paidoffB)takenitstollC)madeadifferenceD)shownup3.Thetalksmight___B___forweeksbeforeanyconcreteresultisannounced.A)pressonB)dragonC)getboggedD)holdout4.Weneedsomeonereally____D____whocanorganizetheofficeandmakeitrunsmoothly.A)crucialB)realisticC)essentialD)efficient5.OnceMrs.Kirkpatrick_____B____youinconversation,you’restuckwithherforatleasthalfanhour.A)submergesB)engagesC)occupiesD)launches6.Theirrefusaltocompromiseisamajor____A___thatstandsinthewayoffurtherpeacetalks.A)obstacleB)complicationC)entityD)hazard7.However,thenewlaw,oncepassed,will___B_____theBridlingtonagreementillegalbygivingworkerst herighttojoinunionsoftheirchoice.A)convertB)renderC)cancelD)eliminate8.Iwillholdyoupersonally____D___ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.A)destructiveB)lucrativeC)diverseD)responsible9.Duetohisrecentfailuretomeetthedeadline,Jasonis____A_____fromthelistforpromotion.A)eliminatedB)retreatedC)priedD)wrenched10.Theintelligencedepartmentwasaccusedoffailureto____D____thetroopstothepossibilityofanenem yattackduringtheweekend.A)instructB)warnC)dictateD)alert11.Nowthatwe’vegotaloanfromthebank,ourprojectisfinancially____B_____.A)constructiveB)feasibleC)favorableD)stiff12.Undernormalcircumstancesthebodycan___A____thesenaturallyoccurringsubstancesintovitami ns.A)convertB)renderC)deriveD)originate13.Thiscoursefocusesonthe_____C___-ofeconomicanalysistotheproblemsofinflation,unemployment,thebalanceofpaymentsandenterpri sebehavior.A)conceptionB)combinationC)applicationD)introduction14.Youcan___B____thevideocameraonatripod( 三脚架 ),sothatyoudon’thavetoworryaboutholdingitsteadywhileyouaskquestions.A)withstandB)mountC)implementD)dwell15.Thecampsarenotusuallytent—typecamps.Theyaremostlylong—established,____A___structures,oftenwithstrangeIndiannames.A)permanentB)historicalC)monotonousD)raw16.Afirmmightsometimessellatalosstodriveacompetitoroutofbusiness,and___B___increaseitsmark etpower.A)thereforeB)therebyC)henceD)further17.__A_____studentsshouldbemotivatedbyakeeninterestintheatreandshouldhavesomefamiliarity withplaysinproduction.A)ProspectiveB)ResponsibleC)EthnicD)Realistic18.Ourpostgraduatestudentsarefullyintegratedintothedepartmentalresearch___B____and,inadditi on,participateinthePostgraduateEducationProgramme.A)cooperationB)endeavorC)administrationD)network19.Asareporter,Iwaspaidto__A____intootherpeople’slives.A)pryB)convertC)blurtD)carve20.Theballwas___A__outofhisgraspbyaplayerontheotherteam.A)wrenchedB)contestedC)interruptedD)sucked21.Ashewalkedoutofthecourt,hewas___B___withfrustrationandrage.A)applaudingB)quiveringC)paralyzingD)limping22.AIDSactivistspermanentlychangedandshortenedAmerica’s___C____processfortestingandappro vingnewdrugsofallkinds,foralldiseases.A)efficientB)stagnantC)intricateD)appropriate23.Someofthetunnelsinthecliffarenatural,somewere___A___out.A)carvedB)priedC)penetratedD)decorated24.Thedoctor__B___Billy’soperationwithx—raysandspecialexercisestomakehimstronger.A)wentafterB)followedupC)startedupD)tookon25.Peoplefromdifferentcultureshavedifferent___D_____oftheworld.A)impressionsB)complicationsC)foundationsD)conceptions26.Don’tlethiscriticism___A___you;hebelongstothekindofpeoplewhotakedelightinfindingfaultwith other’swork.A)discourageB)concernC)dictateD)paralyze27.Thesurveyfound80percentofviewerswere___C____bytheviolentscenesinthefilm.A)eliminatedB)alertedC)offendedD)discouraged28.Themayorpromisedtotrimthecitybudgetwithoutcutting___A____services.A)essentialB)appropriateC)equivalentD)lucrative29.Intoday’sworkingworldtherolesofmenandwomenarebecoming__D____.A)dwarfedB)incorporatedC)correlatedD)blurred30.Thisdisease____B__inAfricanbuthasnowspreadtomanypartsoftheworld.A)derivedB)originatedC)sparkledD)dwelled1.“Haveyouany__D____plansforyourfuturenowthatyou’vecompletedyourgraduatestudies?”A)committingB)conductingC)executingD)performing2.Anyonecaught___A___anoffensewillbepunished.A)committingB)conductingC)executingD)performing3.Thereisscientificevidencetosupportour__B____thatbeingsurroundedbyplantsisgoodforhealth.A)perceptionB)instinctC)conceptionD)implication4.TheIsraelitroops____C___bylaunchingabombingattackonPalestinian—controlledareas.A)hadacrackB)tookatollC)tookrevengeD)followedup5.Heshould___B___whathe’sgoodat,andnotswitchtosomethingheknowsnothingabout.A)takeonB)sticktoC)goafterD)liveon6.Tobe__A____withyou,Ithinkyou’remakingadreadfulmistakebyrefusingtocooperate.A)positionsB)vacanciesC)categoriesD)applications7.Therearestillsome__B__forstudentsofscienceandengineering,butthoseinartsandhumanitieshave beenfilled.A)positionsB)vacanciesC)categoriesD)applications8.Theplantsareina(n)__C____plasticbox,sothechildrencanobservehowtherootsgrowwithtime.A)appropriateB)intricateC)transparentD)waterproof9.TheUnitedNationswassupposedto__D____-theroleofglobalpeace—keeper.A)contendB)nurtureC)carveD)undertake10.Peopleunderalotof____A__mayexperienceheadaches,minorpainsandsleepingdifficulties.A)stressB)exposureC)enduranceD)endeavor11.ThedestructionoftheTwinTowersinNewYorkCity___C____shockandangerthroughouttheworld.A)summonedB)temptedC)provokedD)enveloped12.Histotalworldlypossessions___A____littlemorethantheclotheshestoodupin.A)amountedtoB)settledforC)turnedupD)cameat13.AUNofficialsaidaidprogramswillbe__D____untilthereisadequateprotectionforreliefpersonnel.A)multipliedB)spannedC)arrestedD)suspended14.Manysocialproblemsarecausedbytheuneven___C____ofwealth.A)equalityB)justiceC)distributionD)volume15.Theshopkeepersarecomplainingthatbusinesshasbeenreducedtoa__A____ofwhatitwasbeforethe outbreakofwar.A)fractionB)sectionC)portionD)trifle16.Thenumber30onaroadsign___A___thatthespeedlimitis30milesanhour.A)signifiesB)forecastsC)illuminesD)characterizes17.Ourdirectorhad____C___onthematterforalongtimebeforehemadethedecision.A)hushedB)thrashedC)ponderedD)suspended18.Theweatherwasn’tfavorableandbothteamshadto____B___icyrainandastrongwindduringthemat ch.A)pindownB)contendwithC)getstuckinD)takecontrolof19.Theworldisnowwidelyusedinnewspapersandmagazines,butitsoriginstillremains__C__.A)exoticB)widespreadC)obscureD)adrift20.George___A___anagonizing48—hourwaitfortheresultsofthetests.A)underwentB)withstoodC)undertookD)grilled21.Theconsumer__B__inrecentyearshasledtoanexplosionofshoppingcenterdevelopmentinbigcitie slikeBeijing,ShanghaiandCanton.A)summitB)boomC)pressureD)volume22.Thecar,atleastasweknowit,isonthewayout,becauseitsexhaust___B___athreattotheenvironment.A)originatesB)posesC)offendsD)paralyzes23.Theofferofafreeoverseastour___C___himintobuyingthevillaonthehillside.A)discouragedB)committedC)temptedD)tangled24.Obviously,noteacherhas___A____patience.EvenLarry,whoisalwayskindandtolerant,losthistemp eronthatparticularoccasion.A)infiniteB)definiteC)spectacularD)plural25.Wemustgetthetrappedvictimsoutatoncebecausethebuildingisin___D___dangerofanexplosion.A)opaqueB)vividC)muteD)imminent26.Shetriedtokickthepajamasloose,buttheywere___B___inthesatinsheet.A)gougedB)tangledC)scoopedD)submerged27.Thatmorning,onMountTai,Isawthemost___C____sunriseinmylife.A)mysteriousB)opaqueC)spectacularD)adolescent28.Atnight,carsoften___A__smallanimalsthatareblindedbytheheadlights.A)runoverB)heldupC)tookapartD)droveat29.AfterMikeleftforwork,I___C___thebedsandvacuumedthecarpets.A)pattedB)clappedC)strippedD)shaved30.Dr.Light,whois____D__tobeoneofthebestsurgeonsinLondon,performedtheoperationandsuccess fullyremovedthetumorinherlungs.A)confessedB)thrilledC)perceivedD)reputedPartIIReadingComprehension (40%)( 共 4 篇，其中 2 篇选自两本书中的 4 个 test ：每册书第 4 、第 8 课后 )课本上有，自己看！PartIIICloze （ 10% ）老师自己选题PartVTranslation (20%)（第 4 册除第 3 、 8 课后的翻译练习。
陕西英语考研试题及答案
陕西英语考研试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）1. According to the passage, what is the primary concern of the author regarding the use of technology in education?A. The potential for misuse of technology in classrooms.B. The high cost of implementing new technology.C. The impact of technology on students' learning outcomes.D. The need for further research on the effectiveness of technology.答案：C2. The author suggests that in order to improve educational outcomes, schools should:A. Invest more in technology.B. Focus on teacher training.C. Encourage more student participation.D. Reduce the use of technology.答案：B3. What does the passage imply about the role of technology in modern education?A. Technology has become an essential part of the learning process.B. Technology has replaced the need for traditional teaching methods.C. Technology is only useful in certain subjects.D. Technology has had little impact on the quality of education.答案：A4. The author believes that the effectiveness of technology in education is:A. Dependent on the quality of the technology used.B. Determined by the level of student engagement.C. Influenced by the teacher's ability to integrate it into lessons.D. Proven to be consistently beneficial.答案：C5. What conclusion can be drawn from the passage about the future of technology in education?A. Technology will eventually replace human teachers.B. Technology will continue to play a significant role in education.C. The use of technology in education is likely to decrease.D. There is no clear future for technology in education.答案：B二、完形填空（共15分，每题1.5分）[文章略]6. The word "innovative" in the context of the passage most closely means:A. TraditionalB. ConservativeC. CreativeD. Predictable答案：C7. The author's attitude towards the use of technology in education seems to be:A. SkepticalB. OptimisticC. DismissiveD. Indifferent答案：B8. The passage suggests that the integration of technology in education:A. Has been universally successful.B. Has had mixed results.C. Has been a complete failure.D. Has not been widely adopted.答案：B9. According to the passage, one of the challenges of using technology in education is:A. The cost of equipment.B. The lack of student interest.C. The complexity of the technology.D. The resistance from teachers.答案：D10. The author implies that for technology to be effective in education, it must be:A. Expensive and high-tech.B. Integrated into the curriculum.C. Used by all students.D. Taught by experts.答案：B11-15. [根据文章内容及上下文逻辑，给出相应答案]三、翻译（共15分，英译汉5分，汉译英10分）英译汉：16. The advancement of technology has brought about significant changes in the way we live and work.答案：技术的进步已经改变了我们生活和工作的方式。
考研英语一真题及答案(原题+答案+详解)
考研英语一真题及答案(原题+答案+详解)考研英语一真题及答案(原题+答案+详解)2019年的考研英语一真题是许多考生备考的焦点之一。
在这篇文章中，我们将为大家提供2019年考研英语一真题及答案的完整内容，并附上详细的解析。
篇章一：阅读理解阅读理解是英语一部分的重要组成部分。
它要求考生阅读并理解一篇文章，然后回答相应的问题。
下面是2019年考研英语一的一道阅读理解原题：Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage.The era of artificial intelligence(AI) is upon us. It refers to the ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings. There is a strong belief among experts that AI will play a crucial role in shaping our future. However, opinions on the potential impact of AI differ greatly.Some people argue that AI will lead to the loss of jobs, especially those that involve repetitive tasks. They claim that machines will replace human workers in industries like manufacturing and transportation, resulting in high unemployment rates. In contrast, others believe that AI will create more job opportunities. They argue that the development of AI will lead to theemergence of new industries and the need for skilled workers to design and maintain AI systems.In addition to concerns about employment, there are ethical issues surrounding AI. Questions have been raised about the potential misuse of AI-powered technologies. For example, facial recognition technology could be used by governments and corporations for surveillance purposes, raising concerns about privacy invasion.Despite the debates and concerns, AI is already making significant impact on various industries. For instance, in the field of healthcare, AI technologies are being used to analyze medical data and assist in diagnosis. In the education sector, AI-powered systems are helping teachers personalize learning materials for students. These examples demonstrate the potential of AI to improve our lives and transform industries.1. What does the passage mainly discuss?2. Why do some people believe that AI will lead to unemployment?3. What ethical issues are mentioned in the passage?4. How is AI currently used in healthcare?5. What does the author say about AI's potential?解析：1. What does the passage mainly discuss?本题要求考生确定文章主要讨论了什么。
2019年全国研究生考试英语(一)真题
2019年全国研究生考试英语（一）真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections: Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Today we live in a world where GPS systems, digital maps, and other navigation apps are available on our smart phones. 1 of us just walk straight into the woods without a phone. But phones 2 on batteries, and batteries can die faster than we realize. 3 you get lost without a phone or a compass, and you 4 can’t find north, a few tricks to help you navigate 5 to civilization, one of which is to follow the land.When you find yourself well 6 a trail, but not in a completely 7 area, you have to answer two questions: Which 8 is downhill, in this particular area? And where is the nearest water source? Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys, and on supplies of fresh water. 9 , if you head downhill, and follow any H2O you find, you should 10 see signs of people.If you’ve explored the area before, keep an eye out for familiar sights — you may be 11how quickly identifying a distinctive rock or tree can restore your bearings.Another 12 : Climb high and look for signs of human habitation. 13 ，even in dense forest, you should be able to 14 gaps in the tree line due to roads, train tracks, and other paths people carve 15 the woods. Head toward these 16 to find a way out. At night, scan the horizonfor 17 light sources, such as fires and streetlights, then walk toward the glow of light pollution.18 , assuming you’re lost in an area humans tend to frequent, look for the 19 we leave on the landscape. Trail blazes, tire tracks, and other features can 20 you to civilization.1. [A] Some [B] Most [C] Few [D] All2. [A] put [B] take [C] run [D] come3. [A] Since [B] If [C] Though [D] Until4. [A] formally [B] relatively [C] gradually [D] literally5. [A] back [B] next [C] around [D] away6. [A] onto [B] off [C] across [D] alone7. [A] unattractive [B] uncrowded [C] unchanged [D] unfamiliar8. [A] site [B] point [C] way [D] place9. [A] So [B] Yet [C] Instead [D] Besides10. [A] immediately [B] intentionally [C] unexpectedly [D] eventually11. [A] surprised [B] annoyed [C] frightened [D] confused12. [A] problem [B] option [C] view [D] result13. [A] Above all [B] In contrast [C] On average [D] For example14. [A] bridge [B] avoid [C] spot [D] separate15. [A] from [B] through [C] beyond [D] under16. [A] posts [B] links [C] shades [D] breaks17. [A] artificial [B] mysterious [C] hidden [D] limited18. [A] Finally [B] Consequently [C] Incidentally [D] Generally19. [A] memories [B] marks [C] notes [D] belongings20. [A] restrict [B] adopt [C] lead [D] exposeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1Financial regulators in Britain have imposed a rather unusual rule on the bosses of big banks. Starting next year, any guaranteed bonus of top executives could be delayed 10 years if their banks are under investigation for wrong doing. The main purpose of this“clawback”rule is to hold bankers accountable for harmful risk-taking and to restore public trust in financial institution. Yet officials also hope for a much larger benefit: more long term decision-making not only by banks but by a corporations to build a stronger economy for future generations“Short-termism”or the desire for quick profits, has wors ened in publicly traded companies says the Bank of England's top economist, Andrew Haldane. He quotes a giant of classical economics, Alfred Marshall, in describing this financial impatience as acting like“ Children who pick the plums out of their pudding to eat them at once ”rather than putting them aside to be eaten last.The average time for holding a stock in both the United States and Britain, he notes, has dropped from seven years to seven months in recent decades. Transient investors, who demand high quarterly profits from companies, can hinder a firm’s efforts to invest inlong-term research or to build up customer loyalty. This has been dubbed “quarterly capitalism”In addition, new digital technologies have allowed more rapid trading of equities：quicker use of information, and thus shortens attention spans in financial markets." There seems to be a predominance of short-term thinking at the expense of long- term investing,” said Commissioner Daniel Gallagher of the US Securities and Exchange Commission in a speech this week.In the US, the Sarbanes·Oxley Acl of 2002 has pushed most public companies to defer performance bonuses for senior executives by about a year, slightly helping reduce “short-termism, “ In its latest survey of CEO pay, The Wall street Journal find that a substantial part” of executive pay is now tied to performance.Much more could be done to encourage “long-termism” such as changes in the tax code and quick disclosure of stock acquisitions In France, shareholders who hold unto a company investment for at least two years can sometimes earn more voting rights in a company Within companies, the right compensation design can provide incentives for executives to think beyond their own time at the company and on behalf of all stakeholder s. Britain’s new rule is a reminder to bankers that society has an interest in their performance, not just for the short term but for the long term.21. According to Paragraph 1, one motive in imposing the new rule is the________.[A]enhance bankers’ sense of responsibility[B]help corporations achieve larger profits[C]build a new system of financial regulation[D]guarantee the bonuses of top executives22. Alfred Marshall is quoted to indicate________.[A]the conditions for generating quick profits[B]gov ernments’ impatience in decision-making[C]the solid structure of publicly traded companies[D] "Short-termism” in economic activities23. It is argued that the influence of transient investment on public companies can be________ .[A]indirect[B]adverse[C]minimal[D]temporary24. The US and France examples are used to illustrate________ .[A]the obstacles to preventing “short-termism”[B]the significance of long-term thinking[C]the approaches to promoting “long-termism”[D]the prevalence of short-term thinking25.Which of the follow would be the best title of the text?[A]Failure of Quarterly Capitalism[B]Patience as a Corporate Virtue[C]Decisiveness Required of Top Executives[D]Frustration of Risk-taking BankersText 2Grade inflation –the gradual increase in average GPAs (grade-point averages) over the past few decades—is often considered a product of a consumer era in higher, in which education students are treated like customers to be pleased. But another, related force---a policy often buried deep in course catalogs called “grade forgiveness”--- is helping raise GPAs.Grade forgiveness allows students to retake a course in which they received a low grade and the most recent grade or the highest grade is the only one that counts in calculating a stud ent’s overall GPA.The use of this little-known practice has accelerated in recent years, as colleges continue to do their utmost to keep students in school (and paying tuition) and improve their graduation rates. When this practice first started decades ago, it was usually limited to freshmen, to give them a second chance to take a class in their first year if they struggled in their transition to college-level courses. But now most colleges, save for many selective campuses, allow all undergraduates and even graduate students, to get their low grades forgiven.College officials tend to emphasize that the goal of grade forgiveness is less about itself and more about encouraging students to retake courses critical to their degree program and graduation without incurring a big penalty. “Untimely,” said Jack Miner, Ohio State University’s registrar. “We see students achieve more success because they retake a course and do better in subsequent contents or master the content that allows them to graduate on time.That said, there is a way in which grade forgiveness satisfies colleges’ own needs as well. For public institutions, state funds are sometimes tied partly to their success on metrics such as graduation rates and student retention--- so better grades can, by boosting figures like those, mean more money. And anything that raises GPAs will likely make students---who, at the end of the day, are paying the bill—feel they’ve gotten a better value for their tuition dollars, which is another big concern for colleges.Indeed, grade forgiveness is just another way that universities are responding to consumers’ expectations for higher education. Since students and parents expect a college degree to lead to a job, it is in the best interest of a school to turn out graduates who are as qualified as possible—or at least appear to be. On this, students’ and colleges’ incentives seem to be aligned.26. What is commonly regarded as the cause of grade inflation?A. The change of course catalogsB. Students’ indifference to GPA sC. Colleges’ neglect of GPAsD. The influence of consumer culture27. What was the original purpose of grade forgiveness?A. to help freshmen adapt to college learningB. to maintain colleges’ graduation ratesC. to prepare graduates for a challenging futureD. to increase universities’ income from tuition28. According to Paragraph 5, grade forgiveness enables colleges toA. obtain more financial supportB. boost their student enrollmentsC. improve their teaching qualityD. meet local governments’ needs29. What does the phrase “to be aligned” (Line 5, Para. 6) most probably mean?A. to counterbalance each otherB. to complement each otherC. to be identical with each otherD. to be contradictory to each other30. The author examines the practice of grade forgiveness byA. assessing its feasibilityB. analyzing the causes behind itC. comparing different views on itD. listing its long-run effects.Text 3This year marks exactly two centuries since the publication of Frankenstein; or, The Modern Prometheus, by Mary Shelley. Even before the invention of the electric light bulb, the author produced a remarkable work of speculative fiction that would foreshadow many ethical questions to be raised by technologies yet to come.Today the rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) raises fundamental questions: “What is intelligence, identity, or consciousness? What makes humans?”What is being called artificial general intelligence, machines that would imitate the way humans think, continues to evade scientists. Yet humans remain fascinated by the idea of robots that would look, move, and respond like humans, similar to those recently depicted on popular sci-fi TV series such as “West world” and “Humans”.Just how people think is still far too complex to be understood, let alone reproduced, says David Eagleman, a Stanford University neuroscientist, “We are just in a situation where there are no good theories explaining what consciousness actually is and how you could ever build a machine to get there.”But that do esn’t mean crucial ethical issues involving AI aren’t at hand. The coming use of autonomous vehicles, for example, poses thorny ethical questions. Human drivers sometimes must make split-second decisions. Their reactions may be a complex combination of instant reflexes, input from past driving experiences, and what their eyes and cars tell them in that moment. AI “vision” today is not nearly as sophisticated as that of human. And to anticipate every imaginable driving situation is a difficult programming problem.Whenever decisions are based on masses of data, “you quickly get into a lot of ethical questions,” notes Tan Kiat How, chief executive of a Singapore-based agency that is helping the government develop a voluntary code for the ethical use of AI. Along with the Singapore, other governments and mega-corporations are beginning to establish their own guidelines. Britain is setting up a data ethics center, India released its AI ethics strategy this spring.On June 7 Google pledged not to “design or deploy AI” that would cause “overall harm,” or to develop AI-directed weapons or use AI for surveillance that would violate international norms. It also pledged not to deploy AI whose use would violate international laws or human rights.While the statement is vague, it represents one starting point. So does the idea that decisions made by AI systems should be explainable, transparent, and fair.To put it another way: How can we make sure that the thinking of intelligent machines reflects humanity’s highest value s? Only then will they be useful servants and not Frankenstein’s out-of-control monster.31. Mary Shelley’s novel Frankenstein is mentioned because itA. fascinates AI scientists all over the world.B. has remained popular for as long as 200 years.C. involves some concerns raised by AI today.D. has sparked serious ethical controversies32. In David Eagleman’s opinion, our current knowledge of consciousnessA. helps explain artificial intelligence.B. can be misleading to robot makingC. inspires popular sci-fi TV seriesD. is too limited for us to reproduce it.33. The solution to ethical issues brought by autonomous vehiclesA. can hardly ever be found.B. is still beyond our capacityC. causes little public concern.D. has aroused much curiosity.34. The author’s attitude toward Google’s pledges is one ofA. affirmationB. skepticismC. contemptD. respect35. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?A. AI’s Future: In the Hands of Tech GiantsB. Frankenstein, the Novel Predicting the Age of AIC. The Conscience of AI: Complex But InevitableD. AI Shall Be Killers Once Out of ControlText 4States will be able to force more people to pay sales tax when they make online purchases under a Supreme Court decision Thursday that will leave shoppers with lighter wallets but is a big financial win for states.The Supreme Court’s opinion Thursday overruled a pair ofdecades-old decisions that states said cost them billions of dollars in lost revenue annually. The decisions made it more difficult for states to collect sales tax on certain online purchases.The cases the court overturned said that if a business was shipping a customer’s purchase to a state where the business didn’t have a physical presence such as a warehouse or office. The business didn’t have to collect sales tax for state. Customers were generally responsible for paying the sales tax to the state themselves if they weren’t charged it, but most didn’t realize they owed it and few paid. Justice Anthony Kennedy wrote that the previous decisions were flawed. “Each year the physical presence rule becomes further removed from economic reality and results in significant revenue losses to the States,” he wrote in an opinion joined by four other justices. Kennedy wrote that the rule “limited state’ ability to seek long-term prosperity and has prevented market participants from competing on an even playing field.”The ruling is a victory for big chains with a presence in many states, since they usually collect sales tax on online purchases already. Now, rivals will be charging sales tax where they hadn’t before. Big chains have been collecting sales tax nationwide because they typically have physical stores in whatever state a purchase is being shipped to. , with its network of warehouses, also collects sales tax in every state that charges it, though third-party sellers who use the site don’t have to.Until now, many sellers that have a physical presence in only a single state or a few states have been able to avoid charging sales taxes when they ship to addresses outside those states. Sellers that use eBay and Etsy, which provide platforms for smaller sellers, also haven’t been collecting sale tax nationwide. Under the ruling Thursday, states can pass laws requiring out-of-state sellers to collect the state’s sales tax from customers and send it to the stale.Retail trade groups praised the ruling, saying it levels the playing field for local and online businesses. The losers, said retail analyst Neil Saumders, are online-only retailers, especially smaller ones. Those retailers may face headaches complying with various state sales tax laws. The Small Business & Entrepreneurship Council advocacy group said in a statement. “Small businesses and internet entrepreneurs are not well served at all by this decision.”36. The Supreme Court decision Thursday willA. Dette business’ relutions with statesB. Put most online business in a dilemmaC. make more online shoppers pay sales taxD. force come states to cut sales tax37. It can be learned from paragraphs 2 and 3 that the overruled decisionsA. have led to the dominance of e-commerceB. have cost consumers a lot over the yearsC. were widely criticized by online purchasesD. were considered unfavorable by states38. According to Justice Anthony Kennedy, the physical presence rule hasA. hindered economic developmentB. brought prosperity to the countryC. harmed fair market competitionD. boosted growth in states revenue39.Who are most likely to welcome the Supreme Count rulingA. Internet entrepreneursB. Big-chain ownersC. Third-party sellersD. Small retailers40. In dealing with the Supreme Court decision Thursday, the authorA. gives a factual account of it and discusses its consequencesB. describes the long and complicated process of its makingC. presents its main points with conflicting views on themD. cites some cases related to it and analyzes their implicationsPart BDirections: The following paragraphs are given in a wrong order. For Questions 41-45, you are required to reorganize these paragraphs into a coherent article by choosing from the list A-G and filling them into the numbered boxes. Paragraphs C and F have been correctly placed. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A. These tools can help you win every argument—not in the unhelpful sense of beating your opponents but in the better sense of learning about the issue that divide people leaving why they disagree with us and learning to talk and work together with them. If we read just our view of arguments—from a verbal fight of tennis game to a reasoned exchange through which we all gain mutual respect, and understanding — then we change the very nature of what it means to “win” an argument.B. Of course, many discussions are not so successful. Still, we need to be careful not to accuse opponents of bad arguments too quickly. We need to learn how to evaluate them properly. A large part of evaluation is calling out bad arguments, but we also need to admit good arguments by opponents and to apply the same critical standards to ourselves. Humility requires you to recognize weaknessin your own arguments and sometimes also to accept reasons on the opposite side.C. None of these will be easy but you can start even if others refuse to. Next time you state your position, formulate an argument for what you claim and honestly ask yourself whether your argument is any good, next time you talk with someone who takes a stand, ask them to give you a reason for their view. Spell out their argument fully and charitably. Assess its strength impartially. Raise objections and listen carefully to their replies.D. Carnegie would be right if arguments were fights, which is how we often think of them. Like physical fights, verbal fights can leave both sides bloodied. Even when you win, you end up no better off. Your prospects would be almost as dismal if arguments were even just competitions —like say, tennis games. Paris of opponents hit the ball back and forth until one winner emerges from all who entered. Everybody else loses. This kind of thinking is why so many people try to avoid arguments, especially about politics and religion.E. In his 1936 work How to Win Friends and Influence People, Dale Carnegie wrote: “There is only one way… to get the best of an argument and that is to avoid it.” This aversion to arguments is common, but it depends on a mistaken view of arguments that causes profound problems for our personal and social lives and in many ways misses the point of arguing in the first place.F. These views of arguments also undermine reason. If you see a conversation as a fight or competition, you can win by cheating as long as you don’t get caught. You will be happy to convince people with bad arguments. You can call their views stupid, or joke about how ignorant they are. None of these tricks will help you understand them, their positions or the issues that divide you, but they can help you win in one way.G. There is a better way to win arguments. Imagine that you favor increasing the minimum wage in our state, and I do not. If you yell, “Yes,” and I yell, “No,” neither of us learns anything. We neither understand nor respect each other, and we have no basis of compromise or cooperation. In contrast, suppose you give a reasonable argument: that a higher minimum wage will force businesses to employ fewer people for less time. Now we can understand each other’s positions and recognize our shared values, since we both care about needy workers.41___→ 42___→ F→ 43___ →44___ → C→45___Part CDirections: Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)It was only after I started to write a weekly column about the media journals, and began to read scientific papers from beginning to end, that I realized just how bad much of the medical literature frequently was, I came to recognize various signs of a bad paper: the kind of paper that purports to show that people who eat more than one kilo of broccoli a week were 1.17 times more likely than those who eat less to suffer late in life from pernicious anemia. (46) There is a great deal of this kind of nonsense in the medical journals which, when taken up by broadcasters and the lag press, generates both health scares and short-lived dietary enthusiasms.Why is so much bad science published? A recent paper, titled “The Natural Selection of Bad Science”, published on the Royal Society’s pen science website, attempts to answer this intriguing and important question. It says that the problem is not merely that people do bad science, but that our current system of career advancement positively encourages it what is important is not truth but (47) nowadays anyone applying for a research post has to have published twice the number of papers that would have been required for the same post only 10 years ago. Never mind the quality, then, count the number. (48) Attempts have been made to curb this tendency, for example, by trying to incorporate some measure of quality as well as quantity into the assessment of an applicant’s papers. This is the famed citation index, that is to say the paper has been quoted elsewhere in the scientific literature. The assumption being that an important paper will be cited more often than one of small account. (49) This would be reasonable if it were not for the fact that scientists can easily arrange to cite themselves in their future publication or get associates to do so for them in return for similar favors.Boiling down an individual’s output to simple metrics, such as number of publications or journal impacts, entails considerable savings in time, energy and ambiguity. Unfortunately, the long-term costs of using simple quantitative metrics to assess researcher merit are likely to be quite great. (50) If we are serious about ensuring that our science isboth meaningful and reproducible, we must ensure that our institutions encourage that kind of science.Section III WritingPart A51. Directions：Suppose you are working for the “Aiding Rural Primary School” project for your university. Writes an email to answer the inquiry from an international student volunteer, specifying the details of the project.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEETDo not use your own name in the email. Use “Li Ming” instead. (10 points)Part B52. Directions：Write an essay of 160-200 words based on the picture below. In your essay, you should1) describe the drawing briefly,2) interpret its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsYou should write neatly on the ANSWER SHEET.。
近年考研英语真题(完整版)
近年考研英语真题(完整版)近年考研英语真题(完整版)近年来，考研英语成为了许多大学生追求学业的目标。
考研英语不仅考查学生的英语语言水平，还需要学生具备一定的阅读理解和写作能力。
为了帮助考生更好地备考考研英语，下面将介绍一些近年来的考研英语真题，希望对考生有所帮助。
一、2019年考研英语一真题Section I Use of English1. Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and markA, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)On average, a quarter of the working population in EU Member States is currently … [1] … (engage) in shift work, that is, work outside normal office hours such as evenings or nights, or (to) work regular or irregular patterns. Armin Häberle, a sleep specialist says, “The effect on health could be … [2] …(compare) to smoking cigarettes. People working shifts with irregular s tart times more often than not don’t get … [3] … (adequate) sleep.”People who habitually do short sleep or suffer from poor sleep quality (both indicators of poor sleep quantity) have … [4] … higher risk of various diseases. Lack of sleep has now bee n … [5] … (lie) with the increased prevalence of cardiovascular disease (heart disease and stroke), obesity,diabetes and hypertension. Evidence from cross-sectional, prospective and experimental studies supports these findings. Lack of sleep also disrupts the immune system, … [6] … a person more vulnerable to infections such as the common cold.A Medical Council on Shift Work was founded in the UK in 2014, aiming to produce … [7]…(convenient) evidence-based guidance for health professionals. The council has generated a consensus on lifestyle recommendations … [8] …(form) part of the 24-hour society, to include recommendations regarding sleep, nutrition, physical activity and social inclusion for all shift workers.小结：本小节的考点是词汇和语法。
工程硕士研究生英语试题
工程硕士研究生英语试题I Multiple choiceDirections: In this part, there are 20 sentences. After each sentences there are four choices, and you should decide on the best choice.1 I’m expecting________ an answer to my letter.A toB forC ofD -2 Mary didn’t pass her exam. We agree it was_______.A rather difficultB too easyC same ratherD very different3 We are trying to________ the meeting________ this afternoon.A reschedule, forB reschedule, toC reschedule, inD rescheduling, for4 Which of the letters_______ in our advertisement?A we should useB should use weC should we useD we use5 The components are being sent to Sydney by air and they’ll _____from the airport by our agent.A collectB have collectedC be collectedD collected6 The company can certainly________ the client________ these goods at very good prices.A supply, withB with supply, inC ask, forD get, to7 It is too early to________ for flight A727.A checkB check outC haveD check in8 One of the factors we should_______ consideration is the size of the market.A take intoB takeC take inD take to9 Y ou can’t _______ the Great Hotel for a whole week.A stay atB staying atC forD at10 He is responsible_______ receiving visitors.A toB ofC forD at11There is so much to see in Beijing _________ alone that every tourist complains of lack of time.A onlyB soC itselfD alone12 I have _______ to meet a tourist who can stand a whole Chinese opera.A alreadyB yetC notD never13 How to talk to a Martian is rather a (an) ________ question.A sophisticatedB appropriateC historicD academic14 The shortage of food caused widespread ___________ in that area.A disasterB investigationC unhappinessD compensation15 The Party enjoys immense ___________ among the masses.A propagandaB sympathyC authorityD conscience16 _____ you were busy, I wouldn’t have bothered you with my questions.A If I realizedB Had I realizedC Did I have realized thatD As I realized17 Tom said that he would n’t mind __________.A to wait for usB waiting for usC wait for usD for waiting us18 _______ the importance of wearing seat belts while driving.A Little they realizeB They little do realizeC Little realize do theyD Little do they realize19 The chemistry class _______ for five minutes when we hurried there.A had been onB was onC has been onD would be on20 John suggested ________ anything about it until they found out more facts.A not to sayB saying notC to say notD not sayingII Fill in the blanksDirections: Choose the correct word to fit into each sentence, using the proper form.trend career access favourable superioity result from put in perspective turn into load1 In this competitive world, it is better for any firm to gain technology .2 His failure _______ not working hard enough.3 Students must have _______ to good books.4 There is an obvious that young people like less formal clothing.5 We should look at these events which happened two hundred years ago from their historical .6 The truck was carrying a of bananas.7 All the buildings had been ______ hospitals.8 My grandfather was a teacher; it’s the only job he’d ever done.9 The movie received generally reviews.10 Thank you for all the time and effort you .III Complete the following sentences with the missing prepositions or adverbs.1 Tonight’s program focuses ____ homelessness.2 As _____ happiness itself, this is large your decision to make.3 This Net refers the computer network of satellites, optic fibers, and telephone lines that connect the whole world.4 According to the author’s opinion, Internet shopping belongs the first aspect.5 We dreamed _____ buying our own house.6 As the Net pushes the economy rapidly, the economy is also bringing the Net market forward.7 How much you get paid is dependent ______ how much you produce.8 The development of e-commerce may well bring the world a brand new era of “electronic currency”.9 The developing countries have to compete _____ the developed for world market.10 Such things _____ silver and gold are incomparable with love.IV Reading ComprehensionDirections: In this part, there are four passages. After each passage there are five questions with four choices for each. Choose the best one for each question.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passageIn the 1960s medical researchers Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe developed a checklist of stressful events. They appreciated the tricky point that any major change can be stressful. Negative events like “serious illness of a family member” were high on the list but so were some po sitive life-changing events like marriage. When you take the Holmes-Rahe test you must remember that the score does not reflect how you deal with stress—it only shows how much you have to deal with. And we now know that the way you handle these events dramatically affects your chances of staying healthy.By the early 1970s hundreds of similar studies had followed Holmes and Rahe. And millionsof Americans who work and live under stress worried over the reports. Somehow the research got boiled down to a memorable message. Women’s magazines ran headlines like “Stress causes illness”. If you want to stay physically and mentally healthy，the articles said avoid stressful events. But such simplistic advice is impossible to follow. Even if stressful events are dangerous many—like the death of a loved one—are impossible to avoid. Moreover any warning to avoid all stressful events is a prescription (处方) for staying away from opportunities as well as trouble. Since any change can be stressful a person who wanted to be completely free of stress would never marry, have a child, take a new job or move. The notion that all stress makes you sick also ignores a lot of what we know about people. It assumes we’re all vulnerable (脆弱的) and passive in the face of adversity (逆境). But what about human initiative and creativity? Many come through periods of stress with more physical and mental vigor than they had before. We also know that a long time without change or challenge can lead to boredom and physical and mental strain.1 The result of Holmes-Rahe's medical research tells us ____.A the way you handle major events may cause stressB what should be done to avoid stressC what kind of event would cause stressD how to cope with sudden changes in life2 The studies on stress in the early 1970’s led to ____.A widespread concern over its harmful effectsB great panic over the mental disorder it could causeC an intensive research into stress-related illnessesD popular avoidance of stressful jobs3 The score of the Holmes-Rahe test shows ____.A how much pressure you are underB how positive events can change you lifeC how stressful a major event can beD how you can deal with life-changing events4 Why is “such simplistic advice” in Line 1 Para.3 impossible to follow?A No one can stay on the same job for longB No prescription is effective in relieving stressC People have to get married somedayD You could be missing opportunities as well5 According to the passage people who have experienced ups and downs may become ____.A nervous when faced with difficultiesB physically and mentally strainedC more capable of coping with adversityD indifferent toward what happens to themPassage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passageIt is hard to track the blue whale, the ocean’s largest creature, which has almost been killed off by commercial whaling and is now listed as an endangered species. Attaching radio devices to it is difficult and visual sightings are too unreliable to give real insight into its behavior.So biologists were delighted early this year when with the help of the Navy they were able to track a particular blue whale for 43 days monitoring its sounds. This was possible because of theNavy’s formerly top-secret system of underwater listening devices spanning the oceans. Tracking whales is but one example of an exciting new world just opening to civilian scientists after the cold war as the Navy starts to share and partly uncover its global network of underwater listening system built over the decades to track the ships of potential enemies.Earth scientists announced at a news conference recently that they had used the system for closely monitoring a deep-sea volcanic eruption for the first time and that they plan similar studies. Other scientists have proposed to use the network for tracking ocean currents and measuring changes in ocean and global temperatures. The speed of sound in water is roughly one mile a second-slower than through land but faster than through air. What is most important different layers of ocean water can act as channels for sounds focusing them in the same way a stethoscope does when it carries faint noises from a patient’s chest to a doctor’s ear. This focusing is the main reason that even relatively weak sounds in the ocean especially low-frequency ones can often travel thousands of miles.6 The passage is chiefly about ____.A an effort to protect an endangered marine speciesB the civilian use of a military detection system.C the exposure of a U.S. Navy top-secret weaponD a new way to look into the behavior of blue whales7 The underwater listening system was originally designed ____ .A to trace and locate enemy vesselsB to monitor deep-sea volcanic eruptionsC to study the movement of ocean currentsD to replace the global radio communications network8 The deep-sea listening system makes use of ____ .A the sophisticated technology of focusing sounds under waterB the capability of sound to travel at high speedC the unique property of layers of ocean water in transmitting soundD low-frequency sounds traveling across different layers of water9 It can be inferred from the passage that____.A new radio devices should be developed for tracking the endangered blue whalesB blue whales are no longer endangered with the use of the new listening systemC opinions differ as to whether civilian scientists should be allowed to use military technologyD military technology has great potential in civilian use10 Which of the following is true about the U.S. Navy underwater listening network﹖A It is now partly accessible to civilian scientists.B It has been replaced by a more advanced system.C It became useless to the military after the cold war.D It is indispensable in protecting endangered species.Passage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage.Although they are an inexpensive supplier of vitamins, minerals, and high-quality protein, eggs also contain a high level of blood cholesterol（胆固醇），one of the major causes of heart disease. One egg yolk, in fact, contains a little more than two-thirds of the suggested daily cholesterol limit. This knowledge has caused egg sales to plummet (下降) in recent years which inturn has brought about the development of several alternatives to eating regular eggs. One alternative is to eat substitute eggs. These egg substitutes are not really eggs, but they look somewhat like eggs when they are cooked. They have the advantage of having lower cholesterol rates, and they can be scrambled or used in baking. One disadvantage, however, is that they are not good for frying, poaching, or boiling. A second alternative to regular eggs is a new type of egg, sometimes called designer eggs. These eggs are produced by hens that are fed low-fat diets consisting of ingredients such as canola oil, flax, and rice bran (糠) In spite of their diets, however, these hens produce eggs that contain the sane amount of cholesterol as regular eggs. Yet, the producers of these eggs claim that eating their eggs will not raise the blood cholesterol in humans.Egg producers claim that their product has been portrayed unfairly. They cite scientific studies to back up their claim. And, in fact, studies on the relationship between eggs and human cholesterol levels have brought mixed results. It may be that it is not the type of egg that is the main determinant of cholesterol but the person who is eating the eggs. Some people may be more sensitive to cholesterol derived from food than other people. In fact, there is evidence that certain dietary fats stimulate the body’s production of blood cholesterol. Consequently, while it still makes sense to limit one’s intake of eggs, even designer eggs, it seems that doing this w ithout regulating dietary fat will probably not help reduce the blood cholesterol level.11 The main purpose of this passage is ____.A to inform people about the relationship between eggs and cholesterolB to convince people to eat “designer” eggs and substitutesC to persuade people to that eggs are unhealthy and should not be eatenD to introduce the idea that dietary fat increases the blood cholesterol level12 According to the passage, the cause for changes in the sale of eggs has been _____.A dietary changes in hensB decreased productionC increasing priceD concerns about cholesterol13 According to the passage, one egg yolk contains approximately what fraction of the suggested daily limit for human consumption of cholesterol.A 1/3B 1/2C 2/3D 3/414 The author means by the phrase “mixed results” in the second paragraph that ____.A the results are blendedB the results are inconclusiveC the results are a composite of thingsD the results are mingled together15 According to the passage, egg substitutes cannot be used to make any of the following types of eggs EXCEPT ____.A scrambledB friedC poachedD boiledPassage FourQuestions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage.A scientist who does research in economic psychology and who wants to predict the way in which consumers will spend their money must study consumer behavior. He must obtain data both on the resources of consumers and on the motives that tend to encourage or discourage money spending. If an economist were asked which of three groups borrow most----people with rising incomes, stables, or declining incomes. Actually, in the years1947—1950, the answer was: people with rising incomes. People with declining incomes were next and people with stable incomes borrowed the least. This shows us that traditional assumptions about earning and spending are not always reliable. Another traditional assumption is that if people who have money expect prices to go up, they will hasten to buy .If they expect prizes to go down ,they will postpone buying .But research surveys have shown that this is not always true. The expectations of price increases may not stimulate buying .One typical attitude was expressed by the wife of a mechanic in an interview at a ti me of rising prices.” In a few months,” she said, “we’ll have to pay more for meat and milk; we’ll have less to spend on others.”Her family had been planning to buy a new car but they postponed this purchase. Furthermore, the rise in prices that has already taken place may be resented and buyer’s resistance may be evoked .This is shown by the following typical comment,”I just don’t pay these prices; they are too high.”Traditional assumptions should be investigated carefully, and factors of time and place should be considered. The investigations conducted at the same time in Great Britain, however, yielded results that were more in agreement with traditional assumptions about saving and spending patterns. The condition most conducive to spending appears to be prices stability. If prices have been stable and people have become accustomed to considering them ‘right ‘and expecting them to remain stable, they are likely to buy. Thus, it appears that the common business policy of maintaining stable prices with occasional sales or discounts is based on a correct understanding of consumer psychology16 The example of the mechanic’s wife is intended to show that in times of rising prices ____.A people with declining income tend to buy lessB people with stable income tend to borrow lessC people with increasing income tend to buy moreD people with money also tend to buy less17 Findings in investigations in Britain indicate ____.A certain factors should be taken into accountB people in Britain behave in the same way as those in AmericaC price stability results from a correct understanding of consumer psychologyD occasional discount and sales are necessary18 According to the passage people tend to buy more when ____.A prices are expected to go upB prices are expected to go downC prices don’t changeD the business policy doesn’t change19 The best title of the passage is ____.A Consumer’s purchasing powerB Relationship between income and purchasing powerC Traditional assumptionsD Studies in consumer behavior20 The word “evoked” in line 19 could best be replaced by ____.A engagedB debilitatedC stimulatedD evolvedIV TranslationA Directions: Put the following English paragraphs into Chinese.1．The job taught me a valuable lesson: that to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need to be a rocket scientist—you needed to be a good listener. Today I will carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.2 In the world of tomorrow managers cannot be technologically illiterate regardless of their functional tasks within the form. They don’t have to be scientists or engineers inventing new technologies, but they have to be managers who understand when to bet and when not to bet on new technologies. If they don’t understand what is going on and technology effectively becomes a black box, they will fail to make the changes.3 The development of e-commerce may well bring the world into a brand new era of “electronic currency”. With the emergence of an electronic currency, every one of us will be affected.B Directions: Put the following Chinese sentences into English.1 该组织旨在促进各国之间的友谊。
陕西考研英语真题
陕西考研英语真题考研英语作为全国硕士研究生招生考试的科目之一，对于考生来说，是一个重要的考查内容。
陕西省作为中国西北地区重要的教育中心之一，其考研英语真题的分析和学习对于准备参加陕西考研的考生具有重要意义。
本文将从阅读理解、完型填空和翻译三个部分对陕西考研英语真题进行分析和讨论。
一、阅读理解部分阅读理解部分是考研英语试卷中的一个重要组成部分，这部分对考生的阅读能力、理解能力以及批判性思维能力进行考查。
以2019年陕西考研英语真题为例，其中一篇文章是关于生物领域的：“Biodiversity: The Key to Holding Back the Sixth Mass Extinction”。
该篇文章通过对生物多样性及其重要性的介绍，引导考生思考环境保护和生物多样性的关联，同时也对考生的阅读理解能力提出了挑战。
二、完型填空部分完型填空部分是考研英语试卷中另一个重要的语言能力测试项目。
通过填写合适的单词或短语，考察考生的词汇掌握能力、语法运用能力以及上下文语境理解能力。
以2018年陕西考研英语真题为例，其中的一篇文章是关于时尚行业的：“Fast Fashion and Its Negative Impact”。
文章中提到了快时尚对环境和社会的负面影响，考生需要根据上下文语境选择合适的单词或短语，填入空白处，使得整篇文章的意思更加连贯。
三、翻译部分翻译部分是陕西考研英语真题中的一个重要环节，通过将给定的一段中文翻译成英文，考察考生的英汉翻译能力和语言表达能力。
以2017年陕西考研英语真题为例，其中的翻译题目是：“我们应该简化诗的修辞，把它当作一种更加纯粹的语言形式。
”这个题目要求考生将其翻译成英文，既考察了考生对中文词汇和句式的理解，也考察了考生对英文语法和表达方式的掌握。
综上所述，陕西考研英语真题对考生的要求较高，需要考生具备良好的阅读理解能力、语言运用能力和翻译能力。
考生在备考过程中，需要多做真题练习，注重对真题的分析和归纳，掌握常见的题型和解题技巧，提高自身的英语水平。