(英语)高中英语阅读理解(人生百味)的基本方法技巧及练习题及练习题(含答案)

（英语）高中英语阅读理解(人生百味)的基本方法技巧及练习题及练习题(含
答案)
一、高中英语阅读理解人生百味类
1．阅读理解
Two of the saddest words in the English language are "if only". I live my life with the goal of never having to say those words, because they convey regret, lost opportunities, mistakes, and disappointment.
My father is famous in our family for saying, "Take the extra minute to do it right." I always try to live by the "extra minute" rule. When my children were young and likely to cause accidents, I always thought about what I could do to avoid an "if only" moment, whether it was something minor like moving a cup full of hot coffee away from the edge of a counter, or something that required a little more work such as taping padding (衬垫) onto the sharp corners of a glass coffee table.
I don't only avoid those "if only" moments when it comes to safety. It's equally important to avoid "if only" in our personal relationships. We all know people who lost a loved one and regretted that they had foregone an opportunity to say "I love you" or "I forgive you." When my father announced he was going to the eye doctor across from my office on Good Friday, I told him that it was a holiday for my company and I wouldn't be here. But then I thought about the fact that he's 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn't give up an opportunity to see him. I called him and told him I had decided to go to work on my day off after all.
I know there will still be occasions when I have to say "if only" about something, but my life is definitely better because of my policy of doing everything possible to avoid that eventuality. And even though it takes an extra minute to do something right, or it occasionally takes an hour or two in my busy schedule to make a personal connection, I know that I'm doing the right thing. I'm buying myself peace of mind and that's the best kind of insurance for my emotional well-being.（1）Which of the following is an example of the "extra minute" rule?
A.Start the car the moment everyone is seated.
B.Leave the room for a minute with the iron working.
C.Wait for an extra minute so that the steak tastes better.
D.Move an object out of the way before it trips someone.
（2）The author decided to go to her office on Good Friday to ______.
A.keep her appointment with the eye doctor
B.meet her father who was already an old man
C.join in the holiday celebration of the company
D.finish her work before the deadline approached
（3）The underlined word "foregone" in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.
A.abandoned
cked
C.avoided
D.taken
（4）What is the best title for the passage?
A.To Keep Emotional Well-being
B.To Prevent "If Only" Moments
C.To Follow the Most Useful Rule
D.To Achieve the Peace of Mind
【答案】（1）D
（2）B
（3）A
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者认为英语中最悲伤的两个词语是"if only"，因为他们表达了遗憾。

父亲在作者小的时候经常让她提前做一些能防止意外发生的事，因此她懂得珍惜现在所拥有的一切，而且知道自己正在做对的事。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第一、二段可知，作者所说的“extra minute”rule是指在遇事时多思考一分钟，从而可以避免以后遗憾、犯错或失望，故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“But then I thought about the fact that he's 84 years old and I realized that I shouldn't giv e up an opportunity to see him.”可知，父亲说在周五去看眼科医生时经过作者的办公室，虽然那天是假日，但作者想到父亲八十四了，自己不应该放弃每一次见父亲的机会，于是又改口说那天上班。

由此可知作者决定在星期五去她的办公室，是为了见她已经年迈的父亲。

故选B。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据划线词所在句and前后连接语意相似成分，由其前“失去一个心爱的人或物”可推知此处是指“后悔放弃一个机会”可知，foregone的意思是“放弃”，故选A。

（4）考查主旨大意。

纵观全文可知，本文叙述了作者通过“extra minute”rule来避免以后说“if only”的情况。

“if only”作为线索贯穿了整篇文章，且第一段也提到了the saddest words，其他选项比较笼统，不能涵盖本文内容。

所以这篇文章最好的题目是“防止出现if only的情况”，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解
Anyone who is afraid of failure and afraid to face challenges will never taste success, so said our professor in marketing. I laughed it off at that time, but got frightened when it actually happened in my life.
I landed in a small city in the Middle East to set up a firm, a world－class car rental firm. Having decided on the project, I earnestly settled in preparation. With a positive mind, I told myself nothing should stop me now, and was more than keen to make it a success.
However, the least expected thing happened. Iraq invaded Kuwait. Tension ran high in the region. Eventually the war broke out, and many people fled the country, leaving my firm in deep trouble.
As usual, "things become difficult, and every effort seems to bring disappointment, it can be
tempting to lower your expectations or even water down your goals and ambitions." I was no exception. I thought of running away. I remembered the words of Thomas Edison, "Many of life's failures are people who did not realize how close they were to succeed when they gave up."
I decided to hang on, telling myself, "I am not afraid of challenges and obstacles." I stayed on through months of uncertainty and insecurity. Finances ran low, and banks could not wait to get their dues. To add to all this, the banks even threatened to take all my vehicles. I felt I made a wrong decision to move there. I was now ready to face failure.
I was living against all hopes, believing that something good would happen. After 2 months the war ended. My persistence paid off: people started flooding back and the car bookings picked up, five times over.
Success comes to the one who dares, even after failure, to think positively and look forward confidently. After all, it is only the experience that makes a man tough. Failure does not mean you will never make it. It means that it will take a little longer. It provides us with a learning experience.
（1）The main method the author uses to support his understanding of his professor's viewpoint is ________.
A. offering analyses
B. providing explanations
C. making comparisons
D. giving examples
（2）How did the author feel when the war between Iraq and Kuwait broke out?
A. Unconfident
B. Indifferent
C. Nervous
D. Calm
（3）What does the underlined phrase "water down" in the 4th paragraph probably mean?
A. get rid of
B. smooth away
C. make less forceful
D. improve on
（4）The author's purpose of writing the passage is most likely to ________.
A. inform
B. persuade
C. describe
D. entertain
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者的教授曾经说过，任何害怕失败和害怕面对挑战的人永远都不会尝到成功的滋味。

作者当时不以为然当，直到自己亲身经历了失败和挑战后，作者才意识到人们面对挑战或失败时要大胆应对，保持积极的心态。

（1）考查推理判断。

一开始介绍了作者的教授提出的一个观点，但是作者当时不以为然，直到在今后实际生活中真正遇到了失败或挑战时才认识到了教授的观点。

下文主要通过自己的亲身经历阐述了自己的观点，即通过举例说明的方式。

故选D。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第四段中的“I was no exception. I thought of running away.”我也不例外。

我想过逃跑；以及第五段中的“I felt I mad e a wrong decision to move there. I was now ready to face failure.”我觉得搬到那里去是一个错误的决定。

我现在准备好面对失败了。

可知当伊拉克和科威特之间的战争爆发时，作者感到没有信心。

故选A。

（3）考查词义猜测。

根据第四段中的“things become difficult, and every effort seems to bring disappointment, it can be tempting to lower your ex pectations or even”可知当事情变得困
难，每一次努力似乎都会带来失望，它可能会降低你的期望，甚至降低你的目标和抱负。

故可推测划线短语意思为"削弱"，与C选项含义接近。

故选C。

（4）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Success comes to the one who dares, even after failure, to think positively and look forward confidently. After all, it is only the experience that makes a man tough. Failure does not mean you will never make it. It means that it will take a little longer. It provides us with a learning experience.”成功属于那些即使在失败之后仍敢积极思考并充满信心地展望未来的人。

毕竟，只有经历才能使人坚强。

失败并不意味着你永远不会成功。

这意味着它将花费更长的时间。

它给我们提供了一个学习的经验。

可知作者写这篇文章的目的是劝说人们面对挑战或失败时要大胆去对应，保持积极的心态。

即作者写这篇文章的目的是说服别人。

故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及词义猜测和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解
In ancient Egypt, the pharaoh (法老) treated the poor message runner like a prince when he arrived at the palace, if he brought good news. However, if the exhausted runner had the misfortune to bring the pharaoh unhappy news, his head was cut off.
Shades of that spirit spread over today's conversations. Once a friend and I packed up some peanut butter and sandwiches for an outing. As we walked light-heartedly out of the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, "Oh, boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it's going to rain." I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his smile.
Several months ago I was racing to catch a bus. As I breathlessly put my handful of cash across the Greyhound counter, the sales agent said with a broad smile, "Oh, that bus left five minutes ago." Dreams of head-cutting!
It's not the news that makes someone angry. It's the unsympathetic attitude with which it's delivered. Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and big winners do it with the proper attitude. A doctor advising a patient that she needs an operation does it in a caring way. A boss informing an employee he didn't get the job takes on a sympathetic tone. Big winners know, when delivering any bad news, they should share the feeling of the receiver.
Unfortunately, many people are not aware of this. When you're tired from a long flight, has a hotel clerk cheerfully said that your room isn't ready yet? When you had your heart set on the toast beef, has your waiter merrily told you that he just served the last piece? It makes you as traveler or diner want to land your fist (拳头) right on their unsympathetic faces.
Had my neighbor told me of the upcoming rainstorm with sympathy, I would have appreciated his warning. Had the Greyhound salesclerk sympathetically informed me that my bus had already left, I probably would have said, "Oh, that's all right. I'll catch the next one." Big winners, when they bear bad news, deliver bombs with the emotion the bombarded (被轰炸的) person is sure to have.
（1）In the writer's opinion, his neighbor was .
A. friendly
B. warm-hearted
C. not considerate
D. not helpful
（2）From Paragraph 3, we learn that the writer .
A. was mad at the sales agent
B. was reminded of the cruel pharaoh
C. wished that the sales agent would have had dreams
D. dreamed of cutting the sales agent's head that night
（3）What is the main idea of the text?
A. Delivering bad news properly is important in communication.
B. Helping others sincerely is the key to business success.
C. Receiving bad news requires great courage.
D. Learning ancient traditions can be useful.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过在生活中的自身经历来说明好消息能使人高兴，坏消息使人气氛，而每个人偏偏时不时地给出坏消息，所以传递坏消息的方式很重要。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据第二段中的”As we walked light-heartedly out of the door, picnic basket in hand, a smiling neighbor looked up at the sky and said, ‘Oh, boy, bad day for a picnic. The weatherman says it's going to rain.’ I wanted to strike him on the face with the peanut butter and sandwiches. Not for his stupid weather report, for his smile.“当我们提着野餐篮子，心情愉快地走出家门时，一位面带微笑的邻居抬头看着天空说:"哦，孩子，今天不适合野餐。

"天气预报员说要下雨了。

我想用花生酱和三明治打他的脸。

不是因为他愚蠢的天气预报，而是因为他的微笑。

可知作者一家正要去门，邻居却说要下雨，故作者认为他的邻居是不体贴的。

故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的”It's not the news that makes someone angry. It's the unsympathetic attitude with which it's delivered.“使人生气的不是消息。

而是传递出的一种冷漠的态度。

可知作者对销售代理人很生气。

故选A。

（3）考查主旨大意。

根据第四段中的”Everyone must give bad news from time to time, and big winners do it with the proper atti tude.“每个人偏偏时不时地给出坏消息，而大赢家则以正确的态度来做这件事。

以及文中多次提到人们对带给自己坏消息的人经常心生怨恨，可知本文的大意是正确地传达坏消息对沟通很重要，故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，推理判断和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

4．阅读理解
A few hours after my first mission, returning to Earth on the space shuttle Endeavour, I completed all of my medical tests after flight, met with NASA officials, and reunited with my family. Finally, I was alone in my office room in astronaut crew quarters at the Kennedy Space Center, exhausted and ready for bed. And I did what anyone does when they return to their hotel
room on a business trip: I turned on the TV. The television news started up: Such and such had happened, people were shocked, blah blah blah. Sports scores. Silly commercials.
It didn't take more than a minute before I had to turn it off. It felt like my body was rejecting all this input, just as it would reject an organ donation that had the wrong blood type. All of this noise was just completely foreign to who I was—or, more appropriately, who I had become. A few hours before, I had been orbiting Earth, seeing our planet from space, flying the most amazing machine ever built by human hands, working with a team that was the absolute success of human. And now here in my room watching what was being sold as news, and with my newfound perspective, I just could not stomach it. My worldview was changed forever in a profound (深刻的) way.
The biggest change by far and the one for which I will always be most grateful is this big-picture perspective. That will stick with me for the rest of my life.
Whenever I feel the pressure of modern life, the stress about work, or worry about the future, I remember my time in the space station. Back to seeing the sun set Or watching our galaxy rise on the horizon. Or seeing a sea of lightning flash a hundred times a second. Or simply back to floating weightlessly.
When I'm there in my mind and realize how many billions of these beautiful sunsets there have been and will be in the future, the cares of the world just don't seem that pressing. It goes that, "Do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself." Living daily life down here on the planet is so much better with this attitude!
（1）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word stomach in paragraph 2?
A. Access.
B. Attend.
C. Accept.
D. Afford.
（2）What is the most important change to the writer?
A. He has a broader view of the world.
B. He doesn't like watching TV any more.
C. He will always be most grateful for everything.
D. He can fly the most amazing machine by hands.
（3）What attitude to life does the writer tend to have?
A. caged bird longs for clouds.
B. Live in the present moment.
C. Let bygones be bygones.
D. Time works great changes.
【答案】（1）C
（2）A
（3）B
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述了在一次太空之旅后作者对待生活的态度的变化。

（1）考查词义猜测。

根据第二段中的“It d idn't take more than a minute before I had to turn it off.”以及画线词后的“My worldview was changed forever in a profound (深刻的) way.”可知，我的世界观以一种深刻的方式永远改变了，因此此处是说以我现在的视角，看这种新闻是我无法忍受的，所以不到一分钟我就关掉了电视，由此可知画线词词义为“接受、忍受”，故选C。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“The biggest change by far and the one for which I will always be most grateful is this big-picture perspective.”可知，作者最重要的改变是他对世界有更广阔的看法，故选A。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“It goes that, ‘Do not worry about tomorrow, for tomorrow will worry about itself.’ Living daily life down here on the pl anet is so much better with this attitude!”可知，它说，“不要为将来担心，生活在这个星球上的日常生活是如此的好，这句话表明了作者对待生活的态度是不要担心将来，活在当下，故选B。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和推理判断三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，从而选出正确答案。

5．阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

One evening in February 2007, a student named Paula Ceely brought her car to a stop on a remote road in Wales. She got out to open a metal gate that blocked her path. That's when she heard the whistle sounded by the driver of a train. Her Renault Clio was parked across a railway line. Seconds later, she watched the train drag her car almost a kilometre down the railway tracks. Ceely's near miss made the news because she blamed it on her GPS device. She had never driver the route before. It was dark and raining heavily. Ceely was relying on her GPS, but it made no mention of the crossing. "I put my complete trust in the device and it led me right into the path of a speeding train," she told the BBC.
Who is to blame here? Rick Stevenson, who tells Ceely's story in his book When Machines Fail Us, points the finger at the limitations of technology. We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job. They are filled with small problems. And it's not just GPS devices: Stevenson takes us on a tour of digital disasters involving everything from mobile phones to wireless keyboards.
The problem with his argument in the book is that it's not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes. A map-maker might have left the crossing off a paper map. Maybe we should blame Ceely for not paying attention. Perhaps the railway authorities are at fault for poor signaling system. Or maybe someone has studied the relative dangers and worked out that there really is something specific wrong with the GPS equipment. But Stevenson doesn't say.
It's a problem that runs through the book. In a section on cars, Stevenson gives an account of the advanced techniques that criminals use to defeat computer-based locking systems for cars. He offers two independent sets of figures on car theft; both show a small rise in some parts of the country. He says that once again not all new locks have proved reliable, Perhaps, but maybe it's also due to the shortage of policemen on the streets. Or changing social circumstances. Or some combination of these factors.
The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex. It is shaped by economics and psychology and the cultures we live in. Somewhere in the mix of those forces there may be a way for a wiser use of technology.
If there is such a way, it should involve more than just an awareness of the shortcomings of our
machines. After all, we have lived with them for thousands of years. They have probably been fooling us for just a. s long.
（1）What did Paula Ceely think was the cause of her accident?
A. She was not familiar with the road.
B. It was dark and raining heavily then.
C. The railway workers failed to give the signal.
D. Her GPS device didn't tell her about the crossing.
（2）The phrase "near miss" (Paragraph 2) can best be replaced by ________.
A. close hit
B. heavy loss
C. narrow escape
D. big mistake
（3）Which of the following would Rick Stevenson most probably agree with?
A. Modern technology is what we can't live without.
B. Digtal technology often falls short of our expectation.
C. Digital devices are more reliable than they used to be.
D. GPS error is not the only cause for Ceely's accident.
（4）In the writer's opinion, Stevenson's argument is ________.
A. one-sided
B. reasonable
C. puzzling
D. well-based
（5）What is the real concern of the writer of this article?
A. The major causes of traffic accidents and car thefts.
B. The human unawareness of technical problems.
C. The shortcomings of digital devices we use.
D. The relationship between humans and technology.
【答案】（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）A
（5）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者讲述了一起交通事故，司机没有看到火车路口导致了一起事故，司机却将责任归咎到自己的导航仪没有路口提示上。

引发作者对于人与科技的关系上的深思。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第二段中的"Ceely's near miss made the news because she blamed it on he GPS(导航仪)." 可知Ceely认为事故发生的原因是GPS没有指出那个路口。

故选D。

（2）考查词义猜测。

根据第一段可知Ceely的车被卡在铁路上并且被火车撞飞了，而她自己则死里逃生，文章用"near miss"来形容这个事故，由此可推断narrow escape 最符合文意，即Ceely很惊险地逃生了，故选C。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的"We put our faith in digital devices, he says, but our digital helpers are too often not up to the job." 可知Stevenson认为是科技设备应该被指责，即它们不能满足人们的需要，故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的 "The problem with his argument in the book is that it's not clear why he only focuses on digital technology, while there may be a number of other possible causes." 可知作者认为Stevenson只关注到了片面的，故选A。

（5）考查主旨大意。

根据倒数第二段中的"The game between humans and their smart devices is amusing and complex." 可知作者在讨论完Ceely这起事故后，在最后两段将讨论延伸到了人与科技的关系上，因此作者实际关心的内容是人与科技的关系，故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解，词义猜测和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，要求考生在捕捉细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

6．阅读理解
Give yourself a test. Which way is the wind blowing? How many kinds of wildflowers can be seen from your front door? If your awareness is as sharp as it could be, you'll have no trouble answering these questions.
Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child's day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder. Curiosity gave us all a natural awareness. But distinctions that were sharp to us as children become unclear; we are numb(麻木的）to new stimulation(刺激), new ideas. Relearning the art of seeing the world around us is quite simple, although it takes practice and requires breaking some bad habits.
The first step in awakening senses is to stop predicting what we are going to see and feel before it occurs. This blocks awareness. One chilly night when I was hiking in the Rocky Mountains with some students, I mentioned that we were going to cross a mountain stream. The students began complaining about how cold it would be. We reached the stream, and they unwillingly walked ahead. They were almost knee-deep when they realized it was a hot spring. Later they all admitted they'd felt cold water at first.
Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things. I saw bird watchers who spotted a bird, immediately looked it up in field guides, and said, a "ruby-crowned kinglet" and checked it off. They no longer paid attention to the bird and never learned what it was doing.
The pressures of "time" and "destination" are further blocks to awareness. I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them. I asked them what they'd seen. "Oh, a few birds," they said. They seemed bent on their destinations.
Nature seems to unfold to people who watch and wait. Next time you take a walk, no matter where it is, take in all the sights, sounds and sensations. Wander in this frame of mind and you will open a new dimension to your life.
（1）According to Paragraph 2, compared with adults, children are more ____________.
A.anxious to do wonders
B.sensitive to others' feelings
C.likely to develop unpleasant habits
D.eager to explore the world around them
（2）What idea does the author convey in Paragraph 3?
A.To avoid jumping to conclusions.
B.To stop complaining all the time.
C.To follow the teacher's advice.
D.To admit mistakes honestly.
（3）The bird watchers' behavior shows that they __________.
A.are very patient in their observation
B.are really fascinated by nature
C.care only about the names of birds
D.question the accuracy of the field guides
（4）Why do the hikers take no notice of the surroundings during the journey?
A.The natural beauty isn't attractive to them.
B.They focus on arriving at the camp in time.
C.The forest in the dark is dangerous for them.
D.They are keen to see rare birds at the destination.
（5）In the passage, the author intends to tell us we should __________.
A.fill our senses to feel the wonders of the world
B.get rid of some bad habits in our daily life
C.open our mind to new things and ideas
D.try our best to protect nature
【答案】（1）D
（2）A
（3）C
（4）B
（5）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇散文。

我们有多久没有仔细观察我们周围的世界了。

作者通过此文要告诉我们：放慢脚步，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙。

（1）推理判断题。

根据文章第二段Most of us observed much more as children than we do as adults. A child's day is filled with fascination, newness and wonder.可知，与成人相比较，孩子观察得更多，孩子的一天充满了魔力、新奇和惊奇。

从而可以推断出孩子更急于探索他们周围的世界。

故选D。

（2）推理判断题。

根据文章第三段作者叙述在一个寒冷的夜晚，作者和学生徒步旅行穿过一条小溪的时候，学生们抱怨水太冷而不愿往前走，结果事实上那是一个温泉。

作者举这样一个事例是为了向读者传递这样的观念：避免过早下结论。

故选A。

（3）细节理解题。

根据文章第四段全段及首句Another block to awareness is the obsession(痴迷) many of us have with naming things.可知，鸟观察者发现鸟后只关心鸟的名字，并不关心它在做什么。

故选C。

（4）细节理解题。

根据文章第五段I encountered many hikers who were headed to a distant camp-ground with just enough time to get there before dark. It seldom occurred to them to wander a bit, to take a moment to see what's around them.可知，徒步旅行者只关心能够及时到达目的地，而很少关心周围的事物。

故选B。

（5）推理判断题。

文章作者想要通过此文要告诉我们：大自然只展现给那些善于观察和等待的人，带着我们所有的感官来感受周围世界的奇妙吧。

故选A。

【点评】考查散文类阅读理解，涉及细节理解题和推理判断题，细节理解题注意抓住题干关键词，把握重点，从文中寻找答案；推理判断题则需要找出相关句子，联系上下文，推测所需信息。

7．阅读理解
I had an experience some years ago, which taught me something about the ways in which people make a bad situation worse by blaming themselves. One January, I had to hold two funerals for two elderly women in my community. Both had died "full of years", as the Bible would say. Their homes happened to be near each other, so I paid condolence(吊唁) calls on the two families on the same afternoon.
At the first home, the son of the deceased(过世的)woman said to me, "If only I had sent my mother to Florida and gotten her out of this cold and snow, she would be alive today. It's my fault that she died." At the second home, the son of the other deceased woman said, "If only I hadn't insisted on my mother's going to Florida, she would be alive today. That long airplane ride, the sudden change of climate, was more than she could take. It's my fault that she's dead."
You see that any time there is a death, the survivors will feel guilty. Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course—keeping Mother at home, putting off the operation—would have turned out better. After all, how could it have turned out any worse?
There seem to be two elements involved in our willingness to feel guilty. The first is our need to believe that the world makes sense, that there is a cause for every effect and a reason for everything that happens. That leads us to find patterns and connections both where they really exist and where they exist only in our minds.
The second element is the view that we are the cause of what happens, especially the bad things that happen. It seems to be a short step from believing that every event has a cause to believing that every disaster is our fault. The roots of this feeling may lie in our childhood.
A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it. He wakes up in the morning and summons the rest of the world to his tasks. He cries, and someone comes to attend to him. When he is hungry, people feed him, and when he is wet, people change him. Very often, we do not completely outgrow that childish view that our wishes cause things to happen.
（1）What is said about the two deceased elderly women?
A.They lived out a natural life.
B.They died of exhaustion after the long plane ride.
C.They weren't used to the change in weather.
D.They died due to lack of care by family members.
（2）The author had to conduct the two women's funerals probably because .
A.he wanted to comfort the two families
B.he was an official from the community
C.he had great pity for the deceased
D.he was minister of the local church
（3）People feel guilty for the death of their loved ones because .
A.they found the funerals unsatisfactory
B.they believed that they were responsible
C.they had ignored the natural course of events
D.they didn't know things often turn in the opposite direction
（4）People have been made to believe since babyhood that .
A.everybody should try to meet others' needs
B.life and death is an unsolved mystery
C.every story should have a happy ending
D.their wishes are the cause of everything that happens
【答案】（1）A
（2）D
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过两个已故夫人的儿子自责的话语，引出并分析了人们产生负罪感的两个因素。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第一段中的“Both had died‘full of years’, as the Bible would say.”正如《圣经》所说，两人都已“老死”。

可知，这两个老妇人是正常、自然死亡的。

故选A。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第一段中的“as the Bible would say”正如《圣经》所说；以及“One January, I had to hold two funerals for two elderly women in my community.”一月的一天，我要为我们社区的两位老妇人举行两场葬礼。

可知，作者信仰《圣经》并主持葬礼，由此推出作者的身份应为牧师。

故选D。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“Because the course of action they took turned out bad, they believe that the opposite course—keeping Mother at home, putting off the operation—would have turned out better.”因为他们采取的行动结果是糟糕的，他们认为相反的做法——让母亲呆在家里，推迟手术——结果会更好。

可知，他们认为如果自己选择相反的做法，母亲就不回去世了，认为自己有责任。

故选B。

（4）考查细节理解。

根据最后一段中的“A baby comes to think that the world exists to meet his needs, and that he makes everything happen in it.”一个婴儿开始认为世界的存在是为了满足他的需要，他让一切都发生在世界上。

可知，人们从婴儿时期就意识到是他们的愿望是世界上一切发生的原因。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和推理判断两个题型的考查，是一篇人生感悟类阅读，考生需要准确掌握细节信息，并根据上下文进行逻辑推理，从而选出正确答案。

8．阅读理解
Half a Day
I walked alongside my father, holding his right hand. All my clothes were new: the black shoes, the green school uniform, and the red cap. They did not make me happy, however, as this was the day I was to be thrown into school for the first time.
"Why school?" I asked my father. "What have I done?"。