【5A文】名师雅思之写作讲义汇总

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雅思写作精编2011上半年讲义
——张凯轩
目录
I.写作评分标准
II.小作文类型介绍
III.小作文线状图及变化
IV.小作文表格图及变化
V.小作文多图结合
VI.小作文地图流程图
VII.大作文类型介绍
VIII.大作文常用学术词
IX.大作文单边论现象题句型,思路及范文
X.大作文单边论观点题句型,思路及范文
XI.大作文双边观点题句型,思路及范文
XII.大作文原因解决论句型,思路及范文
XIII.大作文杂论(个性化议论文)句型,思路及范文XIV.张老师2011年下半年总预测24题,部分题思路分解XV.对学员的期待和继续学习的方法
XVI.附件一:小作文图集
XVII.附件二:大作文真题集
写作评分标准以及考试要求
知己知彼我们首先了解雅思写作考试方需要什么IELTSWriting首先分2个section
SectionI:FigureWritingorDiagramorMaps
通常评分比例:40%
考试理想时间安排10-15minutes最多耗时不超过20minutes 字数要求:150
SectionII:BritishEssayWriting
通常评分比例:60%
考试理想时间安排30-40minutes最多耗时不超过45minutes 字数要求:250
雅思作文有4大评分标准
TaskRespons
e Coherence&
Cohesion
LexicalResou
rce
GrammaticalRan
ge&Accuracy
Band
5.5 6 5 5 5.5
averageperformancebyChineseparticipants
6. 6 5.5 5.5 6
8 6 7 6 7
8 8 7 8 8
TaskResponse就是回答问题,具体来讲,在最理想的状态下要做到以下3点1.明确主题
2.全面论证
3.事实论证观点
以下题为例
2010-12-04:Inthepast,importantknowledgeaboutcultureandhistory wasstoredinmuseums.Nowadays,informationisfreelyavailableontheI nternet.Therefore,thereisnolongeranyneedformuseums.
Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?
明确主题:不太同意
全面论证:有正方—确实有越来越多的‘虚拟博物馆’,他们还有好处…;另外也有反方—传统博物馆除了让人看,还保存文物,有些还是历史性或地标性建筑…。

事实论证:不可替代的博物馆:大英伦敦博物馆,法兰西卢浮宫,中国四大古代园林
备注:另外,对于‘…现象/趋势好处多还是坏处多?’的题目很多人喜欢用‘有好有坏’来回答,
这是一个误区。

主要原因是这样的问题严格来讲是‘一般疑问句’,意识到这一点就可以看出‘有好有坏’这样的回答是荒谬的:如果问题是另外一个‘一般疑问句’比如‘你是男的吗?’,而有人回答‘我半男半女!’。

So,英式议论文对于一般疑问句最好是回答为‘总体是好的’或者‘我认为好多于坏,只要做到…’,这就是既有‘辨证’又有‘明确观点’的答案。

Coherenceandcohesion就是连接(形连和意连)
其实我认为‘形连和意连’在英文中都是看得出来的,所以与其去想怎么让人看不
出来,还不如先做到让人看明白,因为作文的目的是‘让读者看得舒服明白,觉得有共鸣’。

那么,简单讲我们通常将连接词分成3类
段落连接
句间连接
句内连接
还是以上题为例:
段落连接:写正方观点,可用如下类似的句子:
Therearesomeargumentsinfavoroftheview.
Admittedly,thisviewmakessenseinsomeways.
而写反方观点,可用如下类似句子
Ontheotherhand,therearestrongargumentsagainstthisview.
However,thisdoesnotnecessarilyleadtotheassumptionthatmuseumswoul dnotbeinneedanylonger.
句间连接则要看关系
最常见的并列关系:first,moreover,finally;firstandforemost,inaddition,lastbutnottheleast 类似的递进关系:Tobespecific;inotherwords;BythatImean;Thatisparticularlythe case…
因果关系:therefore;hence;thus;so…
转折关系:however;Nevertheless;Nonetheless;
句内连接:
状语从句:if/providedthat/aslong as/not…until…;especiallywhen/where...;becaus
e…
定语从句:when=在那时;where=在哪里;which=这/那;thereasonwhy…=…
的原因…
LexicalResource词源:词汇3大标准,依次为:
1.准确性
2.学术性
3.多样性
要做到以上3点,首先要破除‘大词,难词,换词’是‘考高分’最重要的因素。

因为,有这种观点往往会导致一些坏处:
可能因为想词影响考生的‘思维顺畅和逻辑合理’,因为想‘单词’的时间太久了
大词难词不见得合适
举个例子:在生活水平类题目(比如‘时尚/旅游/留学行业发展的好坏’)中,我们很可能用到‘有助于相关行业就业机会的增长,这就形成了一个良性循环’。

对于该句的划线部分,很多考生的第一反映是favorable/beneficial/wonderful这些词,但是其实这些词都‘过大了’,我们完全可以用‘agoodcirculationof economy’。

在这里‘good’就是准确的,一定要学术的话,‘sound’这个词或者‘positive’都比较好。

对于涂色的部分‘形成’,我曾经问过同学,大部分人第一反映是‘form’,这就是明显‘中文翻译和英文应用不符合’的现象,应该用makeup,如果想好看点可以用‘contributeto’,如果说既准确又学术的,要数‘constitute’。

备注:
i. 大家可以查看‘剑6test2。

Doadvertisementsshow people’s realdemand s?’其中
‘advertising/advertisement’这两个同ii. 根词被反复iii. 使用
12次,iv. 该范文评分7.5;
v. 另外‘剑6test3,vi. 流程图‘the lifecycleofsilkwormsandtheproductionofsilk cloth’中,
vii. ‘飞蛾产卵’的‘产’,viii. ‘蚕虫吐丝’的‘吐’,ix. ‘制
造丝布’的‘制造’全部都使用的‘produce’一词,x. 这是考官
范文。

xi. 还有一个例子是‘(2007.10.13)Someemployersfocusonacademicqualification
s,payinglessattentiontolifeexperiencesandpersonalqualities.
Whyisthisphenomena?
Isthisdevelopmentpositiveornegative?(社会现象类)’xii. 面对这个题很多考生绞尽脑汁找到‘同xiii. 义词比如certificates,degrees,diplom as’,xiv. 时间花去了不xv. 少,
xvi. 哪知道这3个词严格来讲都无法替代
‘academicqualifications’,因为‘academicqualifications’包
括以上3者,xvii. 这个词是‘不xviii. 能换’的。

那么如何做到多样性的词汇呢,我认为应该和思路结合,比如说‘相关政府部门relevantgovernment departments’可以改为‘相关权威authorities related’.而且更多的多样性体现在动词上,而不是关键性的名词,比如说‘经济可以被促进’可译为:
Theeconomycanbepromoted/ helped/ enhanced/ improved.
小作文中的‘上升’一词可以写为:increase/rise/grow GrammarandAccuracy:语法精确性
1.写对的句子
2.句型的变化
如何写对的句子,主要检查‘完整性’,因为中文很多情况下都‘只可意会不可言传’
比如说‘去博物馆比上网有更有感觉’
考生1翻译可能是:visitmuseumshasmorefeelingthansurftheInternet.
考生2翻译可能是:VisitingmuseumscanoffervisitorsmorefeelingthansurfingtheInternet can.
划线部分是改变‘词性’和补充‘结构完整’的
其实2个都不对,真正的意思首先要从中文改,改为‘人们可能感觉更好当他们在博物馆欣赏真实的展品,相比在网上看照片而言’,那么翻译就变成了:Visitorsmayfeelbetterwhentheyviewrealexhibitsinmuseumsthanwhentheyse epicturesonline.
划线部分是补充意思的
句子的多样性和词汇的多样性一样,也是来自于‘思路’的变化
比如在小作文的多线图中,经常可能用到这样一个句型‘A和B可以被分为一组,他们的数据显示上升的趋势’,可译为:
AandBcanbecategorizedinagroup,whichwitnessedthetrendofanincreasei ntheirfigures.
要该句型,先改中文:‘另外一组包括C和D,在那里我们可以在其数据中看到下降的趋势’,英文则变化为
AnothergroupincludedCandD,wherewecanseethetendencyofadeclineint henumber.
总而言之,不论是雅思作文还是任何其他考试类英语议论文都逃不过两条
1. Humanlanguageisonlythevehicleofhumanthoughts.人类语言是表
达思维的工具。

因此英语议论文同样是首先考察考生的逻辑能力(包括
taskresponse回答问题、论证问题;coherenceandcohesion合理有效的
连接)
2. IELTS=InternationalEnglishLanguageTestingSystem考察对于
English的运用能力(包括词汇lexicalresource,和语法句子精确
grammarandaccuracy)
所以我们讲IELTSwriting,基本讲法必须包括:
中文思路和论证方法以及相关的常用例子和参考资料的推荐,因为学生是中国学生,所以上课应该是讲中文的。

如何做到,准确翻译,学术翻译,地道翻译(多样化)
小作文类型介绍
从以上的图片,大家就可以看到小作文其实有3大类
1.figurewriting数据写作,旗下分为4小类
a.linechart现状图
b.piechart 饼状图
c.barchart 柱状图
d.table 表格图
2.diagram流程图
3.maps 地图
小作文线状图及变化
线状图首先看单线图,因为这
是所有图的基础
见下图
设上图题目为X,X=thenumberoffull-timenursesinChinabetween1960and1990measure dinmillion
基本句型
该数据下降了,从1960年的5百万到1962年的3百万
Thenumberdecreasedfrom5millionin1960to3millionin1962.
在该数据中有一个下降,从1960年的5百万到1962年的3百万
Therewasadecreaseinthenumber from…同上
我们可以看到该数据中有一个下降…
Wecanseea decrease…同上
在该数据中有一个下降可以被看到
Adecreasecanbeseeninthe…同上
从1960到1962这段时间见证了该数字的下降从5百万到3百万
Thetimefrom1960to1962witnessedanincreaseinthenumberfromN1toN2. 基本词汇
趋势基本名词基本动词过去时
上升increase/rise/growth Increased/rose/grew
下降decrease/fall/decline Decreased/fell/declined
持平Leveling-off/leveling-out Keptunchanged/remainedconstant
趋势的描述基本形容词基本副词
稍微Slight/almostinvisible Slightly/almostinvisibly
缓慢、平缓Gradual/steady Gradually/steadily
明显Apparent/obvious Apparently/obviously
显著Dramatic/remarkable Dramatically/remarkably
急剧Sharp/shocking Sharply/shockingly
基本连接词
先看这个句子
该数据数首先下降从1960年的5百万到1962年的3百万,然后我们可以看到一个上
升到1964年的6百万。

(划线部分为连接词)
Thenumberfirst decreasedfrom5millionin1960to3millionin1962, and thenwecanseeariseto6millionin1964.
接下来如何替换‘and then’
中文‘然后’可以被替换为‘在这时…/在这个地方…/紧接着是…/(断句)。

此后,…’
对应的英文是:
, when…/ where…/ which was followed by a rise…/ (断句). Subsequently,…/ Thereafter,…
中文思路
首段:介绍图形和总趋势
中段:细节变化
尾段:最值和可能的未来变化(被动语态)
单曲线范文:
Thisgraphshowsthechangesinthenumberoffull-timenursesinChinaduringthe timefrom1960to1990.Thegeneraltrenddisplayedarise,thoughtherewassome variationhalfwaythrough.
Thenumberfirst decreasedfrom5millionin1960to3millionin1962, and thenwecanseeariseto6millionin1964,whentherewasaslightdecrease.Subsequ ently,thetimefrom1966to1976witnessedagradualriseinthenumbertoabout8 million,whichwasfollowedbyaleveling-offinthenext10years,whereasteadygr owthcanbefinallyseenfromthischart.
过渡
1. Accordingtothefigure,
2. Ascanbealsoseen,
3. Itisnoticeablethat…
thenumberreacheditsbottomat3millionin1962(peakedat___in___)andwasexp ectedtokeeprising.
课堂/课后练习见附件1
双曲线
《super雅思教材第6代》《雅思考试写作金牌教程(6分—7.5分)》Page67-119
中文思路
首段:介绍图形和总趋势
中段:细节变化
尾段:比较
双曲线范文:ThisgraphshowsthechangesinthepercentageofTVviewersandthatofradioliste nersoutofthewholeUKpopulationover4yearswithinaday.Bothlinesindicateth egeneraltrendofafallafterrise. TheproportionofTVviewersfirstrisesfrom3%at6:00amto10%at8:00,whichisfol lowedbyabasicleveling-offuntil12:00atnoon,wherewecanseeaconstantincrea seto50%at8:00pm,thepeak.Subsequently,afterasharpdeclinefrom8:00pmtot hemidnight,thenumberkeepsfallingbackto3%at6:00amnextdaymorning. Inthepercentageofradiolisteners,thereisafastrisefrom5%at6:00amto30%at9: 00amandthenacontinuousdeclinebacktothestartingpointnextmorning,thou ghwithfluctuations.
Itisverynoticeablethatbetween6:00amand2:00pmtherearemoreradiolistener sthanTVviewerswhileintherestoftimeTVismorepopular.
3条曲线
课堂练习
请同学们以我们上述的‘2曲线单曲线章节中’已经教过的思路和表达来独立完成以上3曲线的图表。

请控制时间在30min以内
课堂/课后练习见附件1
多曲线
剑桥7test2,X=thefishandmeatconsumptionperpersonperweekinaEuropeancountry 中文思路
首段:介绍+根据总趋势分组
中间段:按照趋势分组写
最后段:对比/最值
范文
Thisgraphillustrateschangesintheamountsofbeef,lamb,chickenandfishconsu medinaparticularEuropeancountrybetween1979and2004.
In1979beefwasbyfarthemostpopularofthesefoods,withabout225gramscons mbandchickenwereeateninsimilarquantities(aro und150grams),whilemuchlessfishwasconsumed(justover50grams). However,duringthis25-yearperiodtheconsumptionofbeefandlambfelldrama ticallytoapproximately100gramsand55gramsrespectively.Theconsumptiono ffishalsodeclined,butmuchlesssignificantlytojustbelow50grams,soalthoughi tremainedtheleastpopularfood,consumptionlevelswerethemoststable. Theconsumptionofchicken,ontheotherhand,showedanupwardtrendovertaki ngthatoflambin1980andthatofbeefin1989.by2004ithadsoaredtoalmost250g
ramsperpersonperweek. Overallthegraphshowshowtheconsumptionofchickenincreaseddramatically whilethepopularityoftheseotherfooddecreasedovertheperiod.
课堂/课后练习见附件1
变化图以及课堂课后练习见附件1
小作文表格图及变化
表格图基本分3种
1. 排序型
2. 双边对比型
3. 多边对比型
排序型
剑桥4test1
基本句型
表示百分比的
穷人在孤寡老人型家庭中所占的比例为6%(54,000)
Thosefamilieslivedinpovertytookup/accountedfor/madeup/constituted6 %ofallthefamiliesofsingleagedperson(54,000).
Therewere54,000familiesofsingleagedpersonthatlivedinpoverty,constitut ing/takingup/accountingfor/makingup6%ofallfamiliesofthistype.
6%ofthefamiliesofsingleagedperson,54,000families,livedinpoverty.
表示排序的
最大的百分比可以被看到在单亲家庭中(21%,232,000穷人),紧接着是单身家庭中的百分比(19%,211,000穷人),然而我们可以看出两个最小的比例分别在孤寡老人家庭中(6%,54,000穷人)和老年夫妇家庭中(4%,48,000)。

Thelargestpercentagecanbeseeninthefamiliesofsoleparent(21%with232, 000peopleinpoverty),whichwasfollowedbythatinthefamiliesofsinglewith outchildren(19%,211,000),whilewecanseethetwosmallestproportionsres
pectivelyinthefamiliesofsingleagedperson(6%,54,000)andinthoseofaged couple(4%,48,000).
思路:
首段:介绍
中间段:比例大小分组
最后段:总结
范文:Thetablegivesabreakdownofthedifferenttypesoffamilywhowerelivinginpove rtyinAustraliain1999.
Onaverage,11%ofallhousehold,comparingalmosttwomillionpeople,wereint hisposition.However,thoseconsistingofonlyonparentorasingleadulthadalmo stdoublethisproportionofpoorpeople,with21%and19%respectively. Couplesgenerallytendedtobebetteroff,withlowerpovertylevelsforcoupleswit houtchildren(7%)thanthosewithchildren(12%).Itisnoticeablethatforbothtype sofhouseholdwithchildren,ahigherthanaverageproportionwerelivinginpover tyatthistime. Olderpeopleweregenerallylesslikelytobepoor,thoughonceagainthetrendfav oredelderlycouples(only4%)ratherthansingleelderlypeople(6%). Overallthetablesuggeststhathouseholdsofsingleadultsandthosewithchildre nweremorelikelytobelivinginpovertythanthoseconsistingofcouples.
课堂/课后练习见附件1
双边对比型
基本句型
A的数字比B的数字大(小)
ThenumberofAislarger/greater/higher(smaller/lower)thanthatofB Therearemore(less)AthanB.
Atakesup/constitutes/makesuplargerproportioninallthanBdoes
思路
首段:介绍
中间段:对比分组
最后段:特殊值
范文:Thisgraphshowsthenumberandproportionofalienplantsspecieson7oceanisla nds.Accordingtothedifferencebetweenthenumberofnativespeciesandthatof alienonesoneachisland,the7islandscanbedividedinto2groups. ThefirstgroupincludesNewZealand,SouthGeorgia,KerguelanandTristandaCu nha,whichfeaturemorealienplanttypesthanlocalones,respectivelywith1200,2 6,29and70nativespeciesand1700,54,33and97foreignspecies. Incontrast,CampbellIsland,FalklandsandTierradelFuegocanbecategorizedto getherwherewelargernumbersoflocalspecies(respectivelyat128,160and430) thanthenumbersofforeignones(respectivelyat81,89and128).
ItisnoticeablethatNewZealandhasthemostplantspeciesat2900,whilesharethe samepercentageofalienspeciesinflorawithTristandaCunhaat58.6%.
课堂/课后练习见附件1
多边对比型
《super雅思教材第6代》《雅思考试写作金牌教程(6分—7.5分)》Page67-119
上图为剑桥5test4
思路
首段:介绍
中间段:拆分为3个独立的‘排序图’
最后一段:联系
范文(剑4test2:sampleanswer7分)Thetableshowsthedetailsregardingtheundergroundrailwaysystemsinsixcitie s. Londonhastheoldestundergroundrailwaysystemsamongthesixcities.Itwasop enedintheyear1863,anditisalready140yearsold.ThesystemisParisisthesecond oldest,inwhichitwasopenedin1900.Thiswasthenfollowedbytheopeningofthe railwaysystemsinTokyo,WashingtonDCandKyoto.LosAngeleshasthenewestu ndergroundrailwaysystems,andwasonlyopenedintheyear2001.Intermsofthe sizeoftherailwaysystems,London,forcertain,hasthelargestundergroundrailw aysystems.Ithas394kilometersofrouteintotal,whichisnearlytwiceaslargeasthe systeminParis.Kyoto,incontrast,hasthesmallestsystem.Itonlyhas11kilometers ofroute,whichismorethan30timeslessthanthatofLondon. Interestingly,T okyowhichonlyhas155kilometersofroute,servesthegreatestnu
mberofpassengersperyearat1927millionspassengers.ThesysteminParishasth esecondgreatestnumberofpassengers,at1191millionpassengersperyear.The smallestundergroundrailwaysystem,Kyoto,servesthesmallestnumberofpasse ngersperyearaspredicted.
Inconclusion,theundergroundrailwaysystemsindifferentcitiesvaryalotinthesi zeofthesystem,thenumberofpassengersservedperyearandintheageofthesyst em.
课堂/课后练习见附件1
小作
文多
图结

仔细
看上
图其
实就是现状图和排序图的结合,因此句型没必要再讲
直接讲思路出范文
(剑5test2)
思路
首段:介绍图形
中间段:分别写两个图
最后一段:联系
范文:(考生范文sampletest,scored8)Thefirstgraphshowsthatthereisagradualdecreaseinstudyfromcareerreasons withage.Nearly80%ofthestudentsunder26yearsstudyfortheircareer.Thisperc entagegraduallydeclineby10to20percenteverydecade.Only40%of40to49yea rsoldsand18%ofover49yroldsarestudyingforcareerreasonsinlateadulthood.
Conversely,thefirstgraphalsoshowsthatstudystemmingfrominterestincrease swithage.Thereareonly10%ofunder26yroldsstudyingoutofinterest.Theperce ntageincreasesslowlytillthebeginningofthefourthdecade,andincreasesdram aticallyinlateadulthood.Nearlysamenumberof40to49yroldsstudyforcareeran dinterestincomparisonto18%studyingforcareerreasonsinthatagegroup. Thegraphshowsthatemployersupportismaximum(approximately60%)forthe under26ysstudents.Itdropsrapidlyto32%uptothethirddecadeoflife,andtheni ncreasesinlateadulthooduptoabout44%. Itisunclearthatthereasonsofstudyarerelatedtotheemployersupportforemplo yeesofdifferentagegroups.However,itisobviousthatthoseyoungpeoplewhost udyforcareerarepopularamongemployers.
课堂/课后练习见附件1
小作文地图流程图
地图主要考两点
1.描述一个地方的布局
2.使用多个表示‘坐落’的句型
首先我们看张图
基本方位词
在。

东边intheeastof…
(隔壁)ontheeastof….
(远)totheeastof…
上下左右ofthemap
Atthetop/bottomofthemap;ontheleft/rightofthe map…Clockwise,3isnext/neighboringto2.
7isbetween/guardedby6ontheeastand8onthewest. Fromthelefttotheright,thereare8,7and6atthebottomofthemap. Eastward,…. Ariverwhichflowsfromthenorthtothesouth
Asouthward river…
基本句型
A在。

A is….
Ais located…
Thereis A….
Wecansee A….
Acanbe seen…
Therelies/stands/locates A…
练习
请大家用我们学过的句子来练习上图
时间30
推荐首段句型:thismapshowsthelayout(布局)ofX(题目).
多地图见右图
主要讲变化
…wasbuilt….
…was expanded to…
…was demolished.
…was cutdowninsize….
…was relocated to…
…was rebuilt into….
流程图
《super雅思教材第6代》《雅思考试写作金牌教程(6分—7.5分)》Page120-135 主要考察
1.看图说话能力
2.适当连接和利用简单动词
常用连接

…,and then…/…,before…/After…,…
…,which/where/when….
Subsequently,/Thereafter,/Then,…
First;…Finally,….
Atthat time…;/…,atthat place…;
常用简单动词
放Put,place;送send,convey,transport;混合mix,stir,combine;破/开
break,open,cut;加热heat,warm,dry,burn,roast;制冷:cool,refrigerate,freeze,wet;做成:madeinto,produce,manufacture;来:come,goto;选:choose,select
常用介词
With;by;into;to;at;in
思路:
首段:介绍
中间段:细数过程
最后一段:特殊点
范文:
Thisdiagramdescribesthemakingofbricks,whichincludesthefollowingsteps. Atthefirststep,wecanseethatadiggerisdiggingclayouttheearth.Theclayistobe selectedwithametalgridandthensentbyarollertobemixedwithsandandwateri ncertainproportion.Subsequently,themixturecanbemadeintobrickswithmold sorwirecutters.Thesebricksaretobedriedinanovenafter24to48hours,andthen placedinto2kilns,respectivelyundermoderatetemperaturerangingfrom200Ct o980Candunderhightemperaturesrisingfrom870Cto1300C.Thereafter,thebri cksareplacedinacoolingchamberfor48to72hours.
Finally,thebricksarereadytobepackagedproperlyandthencanbedeliveredtow heretheyareinneed.
课堂/课后练习见附件1
大作文类型介绍
大作文essaywriting正如我们在‘评分标准的介绍’里面所讲的,先要有思路
而IELTS是命题作文,所以如何思考我们必须要先搞清楚IELTSwriting提问的方式有几种
我总结了07-10年的所有160多道题,发现总的来讲分以下5类
1.单边论现象题(问事实或趋势或某事物的发展的好处和坏处)
见下面3题
⏹2008-11-08Moreandmorepeoplenowchoosetowearthefashionab
leclothes.Whyisit?Whatarethepositiveandnegativeeffectsdoesthi
strendimposeonthesociety?
⏹2009-07-25Nowadays,sendingchildrentoboardingschoolisbeco
mingincreasinglypopular.Whatisthereason?Doyouthinkitisaposit
ivedevelopment?
⏹2010-02-27Technologicalprogressinthelastcenturyhadnegativeef
fect,despiteitsremarkablecontributiontohumansociety.Towhatex
tentdoyouagreeordisagree?
审题不能只看‘?’前面那句话,还需要看题干。

前面3题很明显都是‘positive or negative’,后面一题看似是观点题,其实还是讲‘技术的好坏’,所以属于现象题。

那么到底如何判断
答案是:
1.看题干,也看问题。

2.看题干所述现象是否已经发生,已经普遍发生
3.存在即合理,普片存在=真理,因为只有这么回答才能更好找到‘事实论
证’,满足雅思writing评分标准TR回答问题
单边论现象题标志词:advantages/positiveeffects/benefits/strengths/usefulness及其反义词2.单边论观点题(因为某现象或者某事实,提出一个观点,问同意吗?)
见下面3题
⏹2008-08-16Somepeoplethinkthemediashouldnotreportdetailsof
crimestothepublic.Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?
⏹2009-11-21Individualsandcountriescannothelpeveryonewhonee
dhelpintheworld,soweshouldbeonlyconcernedaboutourowncom
munitiesandcountries.AgreeorDisagree?
⏹2010-02-06Airtravelonlybringsadvantagestotherichpeople.Butth
emajorityofpeopledonotbenefitfromit.Towhatextentdoyouagree
?
该类题目有两个共性
1.观点普遍较绝对,所以不能完全同意
2.两遍论证后,需要提出新的更加合理的观点
单边论观点题标志词:somepeoplebelieve/suggestthat…shoul d….和Towhatextentdoyouagreeordisagree?
3.双边观点题(针对某事某现象有2种看法,不见得2者一定冲突,也有可能一个都不对)
见下面3题
⏹(2007.1.13)Somepeoplethinkuniversitiesshouldprovideknowledg
eandskillsrelatedtofuturecareer,othersthinkthetruefunctionofuni
versityistogiveaccesstoknowledgethatstudentsareinterestedin.D
iscuss
⏹2008.3.8Thenumberofcarskeepsincreasing,soroadsystemsshould
beexpanded.Somepeoplethinkthecostofroadshouldbepaidbygov
ernment,somepeoplethinkthecarownersshouldpayforit.Whatisy
ouropinion?
⏹2010年1月9日
Somepeoplethinkcharitableorganizationsshouldhelppeopleinthe
irowncountrywhileothersthinktheyshouldhelpthoseinthegreates
tneed,nomatterwheretheyare.Discussbothviews
该类题目的特点是:
1.更多情况是2者都有好处,有不足,
2.重点提出自己的观点,最符合事实,同时具有一定的选择性和及或者兼容性双边观点题标志词:somepeople say…,whileothers suggest….Discuss/Whatisyouropinion? 4.原因解决论
见下面3题
⏹2008.8.21Internationaltravelmakespeopleprejudicedratherthanb
road-minded.Whatarereasonswhypeoplefailtobenefitfromtravel
?Howtosolveit?
⏹09-11-07:Recentstatisticsshowthatthecrimescommittedbytheyo
ungpeopleinthemajorcityoftheworldareontheincrease.Giveyoura
nalysisofthereasonsandthesolutions.
⏹2010-01-23Thegapbetweenthewealthypeopleandthepoorpeople
isincreasing.Whatarethecausesofthisproblemandwhatarethesolu tionstothisproblem?
题目特点
1.现象一定要有不好之处或者至少有潜在坏处,否则无法给建议
2.建议一定要根据原因来,所以先讲原因,再对应给出建议
原因解决论标志词:Why/whatarethecause?How/Whatarethesolutions? 5.杂论
见下面3题
⏹2008-10-25Economicprogressisonewaytomeasurethesuccessofo
necountry.Someothersthinkthereareotherfactors.Whatareotherf
actorsthatshouldbeconsidered?Amongthesefactors,isthereanyo
nemoreimportantthantheothers?
⏹09-05-21Ahundredyearsago,peoplethinkthathumanraceissteadil
yimprovingineveryareaoflife.Nowadays,thereisnocertaintyofthis
case.Inwhichareasdoyouthinkwehavemadeimportantprogressno
wadays?Inwhichareasdoyouthinkwestillneedtomakeprogress?
⏹2009-11-21Now,alotofcharitiesandorganizationshavetopublicize
theiractivitiesandsetupanumberofdaystonamethespecialday,like
National Children’s Day,NationalNon-smokingDay.Whydotheyd
oso?Whataretheeffects?
题目特点
1.无固定问法—怎么问怎么答,问题决定基本段落数
2.问题可能比较抽象—下定义或者缩小范围
无标志词
大作文常用学术词
没有基本常用词汇无法有效写作
我们根据07-10年的考题将IELTS作文分为6大话题类别
1.科技环保类25%
2.教育媒体类30%
3.生活水平类15%
4.政府职能类12%
5.社会人生类18%
6.国际国家类10%
1.科技环保类25%
吐痰Spitting
随手乱扔littering
一次性产品throw-awayproducts
野生动物wildlives/animals/species
生态平衡ecologicalbalance
排放废水exhaustwasterfluid
公众利益publicwell-being
大规模杀伤性武器massdestructiveweapons
污染源sourceofpollution
环保意识theawarenessofEnvironmentalProtection 过滤设施filteringsystems
可再生/可替代的renewable/alternative
立法执法legislationandtheenforcementoflaws
联合国环保局UNEP–UnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme 哥本哈根会议CopenhagenConference
世界环境日WorldEnvironmentDay
沙化desertification
臭氧层空洞ozonelayerhole
自然保护区naturalreserve
实验室动物labanimals/rabbitsandrats
方便快捷convenienceandefficiency
生产力,贫穷productivity,poverty
减少饥饿starvationreduction.
失业unemployment
辐射和诱惑radiationanddistraction
新兴行业risingindustries
液晶显示器LCD—liquidcrystaldisplay
多渠道解码技术CDMA—CodeDivisionMultipleAccess
屏蔽软件programstostoptheaccessofimpropermaterials 2.教育媒体类30%
让人不舒服镜头offensivescenes
让观众有心理阴影traumatizetheaudience
形成社会威慑力constituteadeterringeffect
在线欺诈onlinefraud
误导性misleading
方便面instantnoodle
娱乐性entertaining,recreational
必要的essential
监督管理supervisionandregulations
学习成绩academicperformance
专业能力professionalskills/abilities
选修课optional/selectivecourses
扩展视野widening one’s horizon
保证有效性ensuretheeffectiveness
全面发展todevelopinanall-roundway
帮助适应help…betteradapttothedemandsofsociety/times 符合时代的uptodate
要求的required
获得acquired
必修课compulsory
盲目追求高学历blindlyseekingforhighereducation
文化水平literatequality
国力nationalpower/strength
可有可无的人personswhoaregoodfornothing
犯罪committedillegalactivities
职业教育vocationaleducation
不冲突/互补notmutuallyexclusive/complementary
直接有效immediatelyeffective
尴尬境地awkwardsituation
丰富多彩diverse/diversified
例外exception/exemptions
3.生活水平类15%
消费者consumers/customers
国家经济nationaleconomy
丰富物质资源abundantmaterialresources
竞争competition
优质服务Superiorservices
合理价格reasonableprices
相关行业relevantbusinesses
交通transportation
保险insurance
广告advertising
中介服务intermediateservicesproviders
就业,税收employment,taxrevenues
货币流通currencyflow
经济循环economiccirculation
文物保护preservationofculturalheritages/relics
白色污染whitetrash
打击本地行业shockthedevelopmentoflocaltraditionalbusinesses 实习internship
4.政府职能类12%
责任duty/responsibility
强制性mandatory
社会道德socialethics
财政负担financialburdens
鼓励参与encouragedtoparticipate
精选员工/教职finelyselected/highlysoughtafterstaff/faculty 优质设备Superiorfacilities
公司利润corporateprofitability
付不起unaffordable
民主democracy
言论自由freedomofspeech
教育权威educationalauthorities
义务教育compulsoryeducation
医疗保险medicalcareinsurance
有条件的经济援助conditionalfinancialassistance
基础设施infrastructure/basicestablishments
国有企业state-ownedenterprises/businesses
5.社会人生类18%
坐牢imprisonment
连续杀人犯serialkiller
心理变态者psycho
正义Justice
受害者victims
改过自新correct one’s errorandturnoveranewchapter/
reformoneselfandstartanew
再犯repetitivecommitting
初犯initialcrimecommitting
青少年犯罪juvenilecrimes
罚款fines
社区服务communityservices
动机motivation
培训项目trainingprogram
不恰当内容impropermaterial
黄色内容porn
在线游戏onlinegames/adventures
社交圈socialnetwork
校园暴力campusviolence
接触expose
心理辅导机构psychologicalconsultationbodies 大众媒体Massmedia
政府部门governmentauthorities
监督supervision
贡献contributions
认可recognition
权威感senseofauthoritativeness
6.国际国家类10%
贪污腐败abuse/corruptionofmoney
过度依赖overdependence
共同挑战commonchallenges
国际争端internationaldisputes/conflicts
全球金融危机globalfinancialcrisis
战争问题warfare
全球变暖globalwarming
贫富差距thegapbetweentherichandthepoor(wealthyandinpoverty 共同发展commondevelopment
国际贸易internationaltrade
跨国公司transnationalcorporate
文化交流culturalexchanges
自然灾害naturaldisasters
地震海啸earthquakeandtsunami
人性humanity/humannature
联合国教科文组织
UNESCO(UnitedNationsOrganizationofEducation,Scie nceandCultures)
少数民族语言ethnic minorities’languages
濒临灭绝atthebrinkofextinction
世界语Esperanto
广泛认可wideacceptance
利益冲突theconflictsoverprofits
信仰差异religiousdifferences
国际紧张internationaltension
恐怖主义绑架terroristabduction/kidnapping
维和部队peacekeepingforce
经济膨胀economicboom
老龄化ageingpopulation
国家人口比例失调
Theimbalancedmixofdifferentagegroupsina nation’s
population
福利制度welfaresystem
潜在威胁prospectivedownsides
前提premix/preconditions/prerequisite
国防,国内治安nationaldefenseanddomesticsecurity
人民小康well-beingpeople
可持续发展sustainabledevelopment
长远战略眼光far-sightedstrategicvisionofdevelopment
大作文单边论现象题句型,思路及范文
常见题型
⏹2008-11-08Moreandmorepeoplenowchoosetowearthefashionab
leclothes.Whyisit?Whatarethepositiveandnegativeeffectsdoesthi
strendimposeonthesociety?
⏹2009-07-25Nowadays,sendingchildrentoboardingschoolisbeco
mingincreasinglypopular.Whatisthereason?Doyouthinkitisaposit
ivedevelopment?
⏹2010-02-27Technologicalprogressinthelastcenturyhadnegativeef
fect,despiteitsremarkablecontributiontohumansociety.Towhatex
tentdoyouagreeordisagree?
本章节开始讲述5大类IELTS作文类别,将按照
1常用句型,2例题思路分析+范文,3考官范文
这个顺序进行讲授
常用句型
1.随着…,最近有个现象…
•Withthe…of…,recentlythereisatrend/development/popularpractice that…
2.我认为这个趋势总体是好的,从…方面/以下几个方面来讲。

•Ibelievethetrendgenerallypositiveintermsof…/concerningthefollowingas pects.
3.…可以从中直接受益
•…canimmediatelybenefitfrom….
4.A对B在一定程度上有好处。

•AhaspositiveeffectsonBtosomeextent.
•Acanhelp/positivelycontributetoBincertainmeasure.
•Aisgood/favorable/useful/helpful/beneficialtoBoncertainscale. •Bcanbepromoted/enhanced/improved/strengthened…
5.具体来讲;进一步来讲
•Tobespecific/exact;Furthermore/tofurtherconsiderthisissue/thus
6.另外
•Inaddition/moreover/whatmore/anadditionalexampleisthat
7.换句话说
•Inotherwords/bythatImean/putanotherway/whatismeantbythatis that…
8.有充分的证据证明这一点
•Thereisenoughevidencein…/Thereseemstobemanyresearchfindingstoco nfirmthis.
9.但是,存在一个相反的看法/负面影响/可能的风险/普遍的担心。

•However,thereisanoppositeview/adownside/apotentialrisk/awidespreadconcern .
10.但是这个说法忽视了重要的因素
•However,thisviewfailstoseeimportantfactors.
11.幸运的是,这些问题正在/可以得到解决,因为/只要…采取措施比如…•Fortunately,theproblemsinconcernarebeing/canbesolved,because/aslon gas…takemeasuressuch as….
12.…有一些好处
•Therearesomeadvantages/benefitsofthedevelopmentthat…/to doing…13.另一方面,…也有一些坏处
•Ontheotherhand,therearesomedisadvantages/drawbacksofthedevelop ment/todoing….
14.因此,结论是这个趋势的好处抵消多余坏处。

然而,…
•Therefore,itisconcludedthatthebenefitsofthetrendcanoffsetandexceedthedrawba cks.How ever,…
将以下面这道题目为例
2008-11-08Moreandmorepeoplenowchoosetowearthefashionab leclothes.Whyisit?Whatarethepositiveandnegativeeffectsdoesthi
strendimposeonthesociety?
中文思路
1.我认为这个现象整体上是好的,从消费者,经济发展和生活水平的提高几个方面来讲。

2.消费者直接受益。

A.爽了尤其是被夸的时候。

B.约会,开派对。

吸引。

3.另外,经济发展的到一定促进。

消费增长,相关行业发展,就业。

好的循环。

但是,有些人持相反看法。

4.反对者认为/有评论说(对方观点)时尚是奢侈,费钱。

但是,这个观点忽视了重要的因素。

A.生活水平高了。

B.物质资源丰富了5.总而言之,好抵消而且多余坏。

英文范文
Recently,thereisaphenomenonthatagrowing/rising/increasingnumberofcitiz enslikebuyingandwearingfashionableclothes.Ibelievethedevelopment/trend /tendencygenerallypositiveintermsof/withrespectto/concerningconsumers, theeconomyandtheimprovedlivingconditions. Consumerscanimmediatelybenefitfromthedevelopment.Thereisenoughevid enceinourdailylife.First,averagecitizenstendtofeelverygoodwhentheyarewea ringfashionableclothes,especiallywhentheyarebeingflattered.(especiallywhe ntheyarebeingtold‘you looksoniceinthe dress’.)Secondly,towearfashionabl eclothescanhelpapersonbemoreattractiveandconfident,insomespecialoccas ionssuchasdatingandparties.
Inaddition/Besides,theeconomycanbepromotedtosomeextent.Tobespecific, theincreasein people’s consumptionbringabout/giverisetothedevelopment ofrelevantbusinessessuchasadvertisingcompanies,shoppingmallsandfashio ndesign,wheremanyjobopportunitiesareoffered.Thisisasound/positiveecon omiccirculation.Nevertheless,somepeopleholdoppositeviewsonthisissue. Opponentsbelieve/Criticssay/Somepeopletakeitforgrantedthatfashionislux urious,becauseittakesmuchmoneyandthemoneycanbeusedformoreimporta ntpurposeslikeinvestmentineducation.However,thisviewfailstoseesomefacto rs/aspectsofimportance.Firstandforemost,thankstotheimprovedlivingstand ards,mostcitizensinbigcitiescanaffordgoingafterfashion.Moreover,wecanbu yfashionableclotheswithoutspendingmuchwiththeincreaseinresources. Inconclusion,thebenefitsofthephenomenonoffsetandexceedthedrawbacks. 接下来看一看考官范文,该范文来自RoadtoIELTSMay2010雅思官方网络培训。

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