学案1：Unit 5 Meeting your ancestors

Unit 5Meeting your ancestors
1．alternative(n.)可能的选择
(adj.)供选择的；其他的
2．interrupt(vt.& vi.)打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止
3．acute(adj.)有观察力的；敏锐的；严重的；深刻的
4．assume(vt.)假定；设想
5．significance(n.)意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
6．somehow(adv.)以……方式；不知怎么地
7．delete(vt.)删；删除
8．academy(n.)学院；学会；学术团体；院校
9．applaud(vi.& vt.)鼓掌欢迎；赞赏
10．accelerate(vi.& vt.)加速；促进
11．arrest(vt.)逮捕；吸引
(n.)逮捕；拘留
12．starvation(n.)挨饿；饿死→starve(vi.)挨饿；饿死
13．accuracy(n.)精确；准确→accurate(adj.)准确的；精确的
14．messy(adj.)凌乱的；脏的→mess(n.)凌乱；脏
15．analysis(n.)分析→analyses(pl.)→analyse(vt.)分析→analyst(n.)分析者，化验员→analytic(al)(adj.)分析的，解析的
1．regardless_of不管；不顾
2．at_most至多；最多
3．cut_up切碎
4．fed_up_with受够了；饱受；厌烦
5．look_ahead向前看；为将来打算
6．date_back追溯到……
7．concentrate_on集中
8．search_for寻找
9．take_turns_to_do_sth.轮流干某事
10．can’t/couldn’t_help_doing禁不住干某事
1．Yes，indeed，as the botanical analyses have shown us，all the fields around here used to be part of a large shallow lake.
很对。

正如植物学的分析结果已经告诉我们的，这儿四周曾经是一个很大的浅水湖。

名师指津：as引导的非限制性定语从句，as指代整个主句的内容，意为“正如”。

例句仿写：正如约翰列侬所说，人生就是当你忙着制定其他计划的时候发生在你身上的事情。

(2014·湖南卷)As_John_Lennon_once_said，life is what happens to you while you are busy making other plans.
2．If only she had looked ahead and planned better this year!
她今年要是早有预见，计划得更好些就好了！
名师指津：此句用了虚拟语气。

if only...意为“要是……就好了”。

例句仿写：看看我所处的困境，要是我接受他的建议就好了！
Look at the trouble I am in.If_only_I_had_followed his advice!
3．Abruptly she sat down，only to be scooped up by her laughing，shouting sister，Luna.
她突然坐了下来，结果被爱吵闹的妹妹露娜一把抱了起来。

名师指津：only to do 动词不定式表出乎意料的结果。

例句仿写：他匆匆忙忙地赶往剧院，结果被告知票已卖完。

He hurried to the theatre，only_to_be_told that the tickets had been sold out.
alternative adj.供选择的；其他的；n.可能的选择；选择对象
(牛津P56)You can be paid in cash weekly or by cheque monthly；those are the two alternatives.你的工资可以按周以现金支取，或按月以支票支取。

二者可选其一。

(1)alternative energy可替代能源
an alternative to...……的替代品
have no alternative/choice but to do sth.
别无选择只好做……
(2)alternatively adv.可供选择地
accepted.经理说如果他们递交的计划不被接受，他们还有另外一个计划。

②If he takes on this work，he will have no alternative but to meet an even greater challenge.
如果他接受这项工作，除了面对更大挑战，他别无选择。

“别无选择只好做……”的其他表达形式：
①have no choice but to do sth.
②c an’t do sth.but do sth.
③can do nothing but do sth.
(1)一句多译
路上被大雨堵的车太多了，我们只好等。

①There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we_______________.
②There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we______________.
③There were so many cars held up by the heavy rain on the road that we______________.
(2)完成句子
我们建议使用替代燃料，比如木炭。

We recommend____________________of fuel such as charcoal.
assume v．假定；设想；假装；承担
教材原句P38：So we think it is reasonable to assume they lived in these caves，regardless of the cold.
所以我们有理由认为他们不顾严寒，就住在这些洞穴里。

(1)assume sb./sth.to be假定/假设某人/某事为
It is assumed that...……被认为
(2)assumption n．假定；假设
make an assumption认为，假定
on the assumption that假定
(3)assuming that...假设/假定……
①(2014·安徽卷阅读理解D)So，let us assume that historical buildings are both attractive and important to the majority of people.因此，我们可以设想历史建筑物对于大多数人来说是既有吸引力又很重要。

②Where unemployment and crime are high，it can be assumed that the latter is due to the former.
在那些失业率和犯罪率都很高的地方，我们可以认为后者的发生归因于前者。

用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
①_________(assume) that the proposal is accepted，when are we going to get the money?
②We must assume him ____________(be) innocent until he is proved guilty.
③A lot of people make the________(assume) that poverty only exists in the Third World. ④It__________(assume) that there is a direct link between smoking and lung cancer.
interrupt vt .& vi .打断……讲话；打岔；暂时中断或中止
教材原句P 38：I’m sorry to interrupt you but how could they live here ？对不起，打断了你的讲话，请问他们怎么能够住在这个地方呢？
(1)interrupt sb./sth.(with sth.)打断某人/某事 (2)interruption n ． 打扰，插嘴，打岔；阻断物 without interruption 连续地，不断地
①Will you stop interrupting me when I’m talking ？当我正在讲话时你能不打断我吗？ ②(2014·福州市部分中学高三联考)Heavy smog and fog continued to hit many parts of east and north China on Thursday ，causing traffic interruptions and school suspensions.
周四，浓厚的烟雾持续袭击中国东部和北部的许多地区，造成交通中断，学校停课。

我们去找个说话不受打扰的地方吧。

用括号内词的适当形式填空
①(2014·宝鸡市高三教学质量检测二)Sorry______________(interrupt) you ，but may I park my car here?
②Let’s go somewhere where we can talk without ________(interrupt)．
arrest n ．逮捕；拘留；vt .逮捕；吸引
(牛津P 92)A man has been arrested in connection with the robbery.一名男子因与这桩抢劫案有关已被逮捕。

(1)⎩⎪⎨⎪
⎧
arrest sb.for 因……而逮捕某人get arrested 遭逮捕arrest one’s attenti on 引起注意
(2)⎩
⎪⎨⎪⎧
under arrest 被捕make an arrest 进行拘捕 ①Her laughter arrested our attention and we all stared at her. 她的笑声吸引了我们的注意，我们都盯着她看。

②They are trying to make a new medicine to arrest the spread of the disease. 他们正试图研制一种新药来控制这种疾病的蔓延。

(1)用括号内所给词的适当形式填空
The escaped prisoner got________(arrest) immediately he turned up at the railway station
and was sent to prison again.
(2)完成句子
①美丽的日落吸引了我们的注意力，我们停下来观看。

The beautiful sunset__________________，and we stopped to watch it.
②由于暴乱十五人被捕。

Fifteen persons were ______________ because of the serious violence.
significance n．意义；意思；重要性；重要意义
(教材原句P40)His university was aware of the significance of his work.他所在的大学知道他的工作的重要性。

(1)be of (great) significance
有(重大)意义/(非常)重要
be of no significance无意义/不重要
be of little significance不太重要
(2)significant adj.重要的
①The factory set up the year before is of great significance to this area’s economy.
前年建起的这个工厂对这个地区的经济有着重大的意义。

②(2014·四川卷满分作文)Last but not least，the most significant thing you should keep in mind is that most of the questions are easy if you make use of correct methods and are in good mood.最后但同等重要的是，你应该牢记的重要事情是如果你使用正确的方法，情绪好的话，大部分问题是容易的。

句型转换
①Significantly，he changed his will only days before his death.
→________ ________ ________ ________ he changed his will only days before his death.
②The plan to be carried out is greatly sign ificant to people’s life here.
→The plan to be carried out is________ ________ ________ to people’s life here.
regardless of不管；不顾(侧重指不计后果和代价)
(2014·陕西卷完形填空)Regardless of being badly hurt，the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.
不顾严重的伤势，这个老妇人眼里充满了爱意地抬头看着Tenyson，并朝他微笑了一下。

(1)regardless of强调“不认为……重要”，从而不加以重视或考虑，其后可接whether，what引导的从句
(2)despite/in spite of意为“尽管……但是……”，其后一般不接从句
①He says what he thinks，regardless of other people’s feelings.
他怎么想就怎么说，不考虑别人的感受。

②(2014·陕西卷阅读理解C)In spite of all these differences，evidence shows that recent life style changes may be affecting French eating habits.
尽管有这么多区别，证据却表明最近的生活方式的改变也许正在影响着法国人的饮食习惯。

选词填空(regardless of/despite)
①________________whether he is right or wrong，we have to follow his decisions.
②________ the high mountains and thick forests，the doctors and nurses rushed to the scene of the accident for the rescue.
③He went ahead and did it，________________ the consequences.
date back追溯到……
教材原句P44：All the objects are from the same excavation site in Sanxingdui and can be dated back to between 3,000 and 5,000 years ago.所有的物品都来自于三星堆的一个挖掘点，时间可以追溯到3 000年到5 000年前。

date back to＝date from追溯到……
out of date过时的，陈旧的
up to date最近的，新式的，现代的
①According to the expert，the temple has a history dating back to the early Tang Dynasty.
那个专家说这座寺庙历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。

名师指津：date back to和date from一般不用于进行时态。

作后置定语时，常用现在分词。

②According to the expert，the temple has a history dating from/back to the early Tang Dynasty.
那个专家说这座寺庙历史悠久，可追溯到初唐时期。

一句多译
每天都有许多游客在这座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。

①Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower，________________as early as 800 years ago.(定语从句)
②Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower______________as early as 800 years ago.(分词作状语)
accelerate vt.& vi.加速，促进
(2014·无锡市高中协作体高三联考)In some e xperts’ eyes，the recent thick fog and haze can in some way accelerate the adjustment of Chinese economy structure.
在一些专家看来，最近的严重雾霾天气在某种程度上可以加快中国经济结构的调整。

applaud vi.& vt.鼓掌欢迎；赞赏
applaud sb.for sth.因……赞赏某人
applause n．鼓掌欢迎；称赞；赞扬
To be honest，I applaud you for your decision.
诚实地说，我赞赏你的决定。

at most至多；最多(＝at the most)
at (the) least至少
at (the) best 充其量；最好
The whole process will take half an hour at (the) most.
整个过程顶多需要半个小时。

完成句子
①我们必须采取措施加速经济增长。

We must take measures to________________________.
②人们静静地听我们辩论，最后为我们鼓掌叫好。

People stayed silent and listened to us，and________________.
③一台新发动机至多花费两千美元。

A new engine would cost，________________two thousand dollars.
If only it could be just like last year!
要是能跟去年那样有多好呀！
此句用了虚拟语气。

if only...意为“要是……就好了”。

(1)if only...could/would/might do...表示对将来事情的愿望(不用should)
(2)if only...did...表示对与现在事实相反的愿望
(3)if only...had done...表示对与过去事实相反的愿望
friendly to her as you used to.
—By all means，if only she gave me a sincere apology.
——如果你能原谅Lucy向从前一样对她友好我感激不尽。

——只要她真诚地向我道歉，我当然可以原谅她。

②(2015·诸暨市高中毕业班教学质量检测)Constant quarrels between my parents are driving me crazy.If only I had a warm and harmonious family.父母不停地争吵快把我逼疯了，要是我有一个温暖和睦的家就好了。

辨析：if only与only if
(1)if only中谓语动词要用虚拟语气(与现在事实相反用一般过去时，与过去事实相反用过去完成时)。

(2)only if由副词only和从属连词if组合而成，only仅起强调作用，意为“只要；只有”。

(1)用if only，only if填空
①__________________you are aware of the importance of English，can you learn it well.
②__________________both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in this region.
③(2015·南京高三质检)It’s too bad that I failed in the math exam.__________________I had worked hard at it!
(2)单句语法填空
①—Any information about your son?
—No.If only I____________(say) those tough words to him.
②—It’s said that you have borrowed a lot of money for your flat.
—Yes.If only one________(have) an unlimited supply of money!
参考答案
(1)
①had no alternative but to wait
②couldn’t do anything but wait
③could do nothing but wait
(2)using alternative sources
①Assuming②to be③assumption④is assumed
①to interrupt②interruption
(1)arrested
(2)
①arrested our attention
②under arrest
①It is significant that②of great significance
①Regardless of ②Despite③regardless of
①which dates back to
②dating from/back to
①accelerate the rate of economic growth
②applauded at the end
③at most
(1)
①Only if②Only if③If only
(2)
①hadn’t said②had。