医学英文词汇整理

basic medical sciences integrated courseanatomyhistology and embryology physiologypathophysiologypathologypharmacologymorphologyexperimentlocomotorsystemosteologyskeletonbonediaphysisepiphysismetaphysismedullary cavityepiphyseal cartilageepiphyseal linecompact or dense bonespongy or cancellous bonediploeperiosteumbone marrowvertebravertebral columnatlasaxiscervical vertebrathoracic vertebralumbar vertebrasacrumcoccyxsternummanubriumbody of the sternum xiphoid process sternal anglejugular notchribcostal archskullor craniumfrontal boneoccipital bonesphenoid bonetemporal boneparietal boneethmoid boneinferior nasal conchalacrimal bonenasal bonevomermaxillapalatine bonezygomatic bonemandiblehyoid boneinionor external occipital protuberance superior nuchal linegroove for superior sagittal sinus anterior cranial fossacribriform plate of the ethmoid bone middle cranial fossahypophyseal fossaoptic canaldorsum sellaeforamen lacerumforamen rotundumforamen ovaleforamen spinosumsuperior orbital fissureposterior cranial fossaforamen magnumhypoglossal canaljugular forameninternal occipital protuberance groove for transverse sinusgroove for sigmoid sinuscarotid canalstyloid processstylomastoid foramenpterioninfratemporal fossapterygopalatine fossaorbit supraorbital foramen infraorbital foramenmental foramenlacrimal sacnasolacrimal canalsuperior nasal meatusmiddle nasal meatusinferior nasal meatusparanasal sinusmaxillary sinusfonticulifontanellesclaviclescapulahumerusradiusulnacarpusmetacarpus phalangeship boneacetabulumiliumischiumpubispelvisfemurpatellatibiafibulatarsustaluscalcaneusmetatarsusfibrous joint syndesmosissuturecartilage jointsynovial jointarticular surface articular capsule articular cavity ligamentarticular discarticular labrumflexionextensionadductionabductionrotation circumduction pronationsupinationeversioninversiondorsiflexion plantarflexion intervertebral disc fiavum ligament thoracic cage temporomandibular joint sternoclavicular joint shoulder jointglenoid labrumelbow jointanular ligament of radiusproximal radioulnar jointdistal radioulnar jointwrist joint or radiocarpal jointflexor retinaculumextensor retinaculum carpometacarpal joint metacarpophalangeal joint interphalangeal jointpubic symphysissacroiliac jointsacrotuberous ligament sacrospinous ligamenthip jointtere ligament of head of femurknee jointcruciate ligament of kneelateral meniscusmedial meniscusankle jointarch of the footmuscletendonaponeurosisfasciasuperficial fasciadeep fasciatendon sheathfibrous tendon sheathsynovial tendon sheathlatissimus dorsi muscletrapezius muscleerector spinae muscleplatysmasternocleidomastoid muscle scaleni musclespectoralis major musclepectoralis minor muscleserratus anterior muscle diaphragmobliquus externus abdominis muscle obliquus internus abdominis muscle transvers usabdonminis muscle masticatory musclesfacial musclesdeltoid musclebiceps brachii muscletriceps brachii musclepronator teres muscleflexor carpi radialis musclepalmaris longus muscleflexor carpi ulnaris muscleflexor digitorum superiicialis muscle flexor digitorum profundus muscle flexor pollicis longus muscle pronator quadratus muscle extensor carpi radialis longus muscle extensor carpi radialis brevis muscle extensor digitorum muscle supinator musclethenar muscleshypothenar muscleslumbrical muscleinterosseus musclegluteus maximus muselepiriformis musclequadriceps femoris muscle sartorius musclebiceps femoris muscle semitendinosus musele semimembranosus muscletriceps surae muscle gastrocnemius musclesoleus muscletendo calcaneusrespiratory systemupper respiratory tractlower respiratory tractnasal cavitylimen nasinasal conchaenasal meatuses sphenoethmoidal recess nasolacrimal ductolfactory regionparanasal sinusesfrontal sinusmaxillary sinusethmoidal sinussphenoidal sinuspharynxlarynxthyroid cartilagecricoid cartilageepiglottic cartilageconus elasticusvocal fold or vocal cordrima glottidistracheabifurcation of trachea carina of tracheabronchuslunghilum of lungroot of lung bronchopulmonary segments mediastinumparietal pleurapleural cavitypleural recessesmouth cavitypermanent teethdeciduous teethsalivary glandparotid glandsubmandibular gland sublingual glandpharynxpalatine tonsilstonsilar ringesophagusstomachcardiac orificepyloric orificegreater curvaturelesser curvaturesmall intestineduodenum hepatopancreatic ampulla major duodenal papilla duodenojejunal flexure jejunumileumlarge intestinecaecumileocecal valvevermiform appendixcolonascending colontransverse colondescending colonsigmoid colonrectumanal canalanusdentate lineliverporta hepatisgallbladdercystic ductcommon bile ductor choledochal duct pancreasurinary systemkidneyrenal hilumrenal pelvisureterurinary bladdertrigone of bladderurethragenital systemtestisepididymisductus deferensejaculatory ductspermatic cordseminal vesicleprostatepenisscrotulllovaryuterine tubesuterusvaginamammary gland or breast perineumperitoneumomentummesenteryvesicouterine pouchrectouterine pouchvascular systemcardiovascular systemheartarteryveincapillaryright atriumright auricleright ventricletricuspid valvemitral valvefossa ovalis supraventricular crest chordae tendineae papillary muscleconus arterlosus pulmonary valveaortic valveinteratrial septum interventricular septum sinoatrial node atrioventricular node coronary arterycoronary sinus pericardiumpulmonary trunk ligamentum arteriosum aortaascending aortaaortic archdescending aortathoracic aortaabdominal aortacommon carotid artery external carotid artery internal carotid artery superior thyroid artery subclavian artery thyrocervical trunkaxillary arterybrachial arteryradial arteryulnar arterysuperficial palmar arch renal atrerytesticular arteryovarian arterycoeliac artery or coeliac trunk left gastric arterycommon hepatic artery splenic arterysuperior mesenterlc artery inferior mesenteric artery common iliac artery internal iliac artery external iliac artery femoral arteryprofunda femoris artery popliteal arteryanterior tibial arteryposterior tibial arterysuperior gluteal arteryinferior gluteal arteryobturator arteryinternal pudendal arteryuterlne arteryreceptorexteroceptorenteroceptorproprioceptorvisual organeyeeyeballfibrous tunic of eyeballscleracorneachoroidciliary bodyirispupilretinaoptic discyellow spot, macula retinacentral foveaanterior posterior chamber aqueous humourvitreous bodylensaccessory organs of eye extraocular m.superior inferior rectus m.medial rectus m., medial straight m. lateral rectus m. , lateral straight m. common tendinous ringsuperior inferior oblique m. levator m. of superior lidsuperior inferior eyelidpalpebral lidded fissurelateral medial angle of eye eyelash , cilium pl. cilia conjunctivalacrimal carunclebulbar conjunctivapalpebral lidded conjunctiva lacrimal apparatuslacrimal glandlacrimal point , dacryonlacrimal ductulelacrimal sac papillanasolacrimal ductvestibulocochlear organearexternal earexternal acoustic pore foramenexternal auditory canal meatusauricle , pinnamiddle eartympanic cavitytympanic membrane , tympanumauditory ossicleshammar , malleusstirrup bone , stapesincusauditory tube , eustachian tubertympanic opening of auditory tubeinternal earmembranous labyrinthendolymphperilymphvestibular labyrinthendolymphatic duct sacutriclemembranous semicircular ductsmembranous ampullaeampullary crestsacculemacula of sacculecochlear labyrinthvestibular scaletympanic scalecochlear ductspiral organvestibular wall of cochlear duct , vestibular membrane bony labyrinthvestibulebony semicircular canalsanterior posterior, lateral semicircularcanalbony ampullaecochleacochlear apex base, axishelicotremainternal acoustic pore portinternal acoustic meatusnervous systemperipheral nervous systemneuronneuroglianucleustractganglionnervespinal nervescervical plexusphrenic nervebrachial plexuslong thoracic nerve thoracodorsal nerve axillary nerve musculocutaneous nerve median nerveulnar nerveradial nervethoracic nerves intercostal nervelumbar plexus lumbosacral trunk femoral nerveobturator nervesacral plexussciatic nervetibial nervecommon peroneal nerve superficial peroneal nerve deep peroneal nerve cranial nervesolfactory nerveoptic nerveoculomotor nerve trochlear nerve trigeminal nerve abducent nervefacial nerve vestibulocochlear nerve glossopharyngeal nerve vagus nerveaccessory nerve hypoglossal nerve visceral nervous system autonomic nervous system vegetative nervous system sympathetic nerve parasympathetic nerve spinal cordgray matterwhite matternucleus thoracicus fasciculus gracilis fasciculus cuneatus spinothalamic tract corticospinal tractbrain encephalonbrain stemmedulla oblongataponsmidbrain mesencephalon pyramidpyramidal decussation inferior olive nucleus gracilis tuberculecuneate tuberculeinferior cerebellar peduncle fourth ventriclerhomboid fossastriae medullaris hypoglossal trigonevagal trigonearea postremaobexmedial eminencefacial colliculusvestibular areaacoustic tuberclecerebral aqueductmedial lemniscusspinal trigeminal tract spinal trigeminal nucleus solitary nucleusnucleus ambiguuspontine nucleitrapezoid bodylateral lemniscuslocus ceruleus substantia nigrared nucleusreticular formationraphe nucleimiddle cerebellar peduncle superior cerebellar peduncle inferior colliculussuperior colliculuscrus cerebricerebellum diencephalonmetathalamusepithalamussubthalamushypothalamusoptic chiasmaepithelial tissuesimple squamous epitheliumsimple cuboidal epitheliumsimple columnar epithelium pseudostraitified ciliated columnar epithelium stratified squamous epithelium transitional epitheliumglandular epitheliumexocrine glandendocrine glandmicrovillusciliumtight junctionintermediate junctiongap junctiondesmosomebasement membraneplasma membrane infolding hemidesmosomegoblet cellstriated borderconnective tissueloose connective tissuedense connective tissuecollagenous fiberelastic fiberfibroblastmesenchymemacrophageplasma cellmast cellreticular fiberground substancesimple diffusionfacilitated diffusionactive transportendocytosis and exocytosispassive transportcarrier-mediated facilitated diffusion channel-mediated facilitated diffusion voltage-gated channelsligand-gated channelsprimary active transport secondary active transport sodium-potassium pump cotransport countertransportresting potentialaction potentialpolarizationdepolarization hyperpolarization repolarizationk+ equilibrium potential excitabilityexcitationrheobasechronaxiethreshold stimuluslocal responsethreshold potentialall-or-none phenomenon absolute refractory period relative refractory period supranormal periodbio-psycho-social medical model sudden deathetiologypathogenesissusceptibilitybrain deathcongestioncongestive liver cirrhosis edemaembolismheart failure cells hemorrhagehyperemiaprostacyclinthrombosiscell cyclecell proliferationcheck pointcyclinscyclin-dependent kinase cdkcdk cyclin-dependent kinases inhibitor cdi cell differentiationoncogentumor suppressor gene transmembrane signal transduction receptor diseaseshormone resistance syndrome injury gene mutationchromosomal aberrationgenetic predispositionmyeline figureautolysisatrophycompensationdecompensationadaptationmetaplasiaintestinal metaplasiadegenerationcloudy swellinghydropic degenerationfatty degenerationfatty infiltrationhyaline degeneration arteriolosclerosisfibrinoid degenerationnecrosismucoid degenerationmyxedemaamyloidosispigmenthemosiderinbilirubinlipofuscinmelaninpathological calcificationdystrophic calcificationmetastatic calcificationkaryorrhexiskaryolysisdevitalized tissue coagulation necrosis caseous necrosis lipuefaction necrosislytic necrosisfat necrosisgangrenemoist gangrenedry gangrenegas gangreneorganizationrepairregenerationphysiologicosteoid tissuegranulation tissuescarcicatrixencapsulationwound healingmigrationcontact inhibitionhealing by first intention healing by second intention healing under scarplasmared blood cells erythrocyteswhite blood cells leucocytesplateletsthrombocyteserythrocyte sedimentation rate hemostasis anticoagulantsfibrinolysisarterial hyperemiavenouscongestionheart failure cell hemorrhagehaematomahematomapetechialpetechiaeecchymosishematemesismelenahaematuriahematuriaischemiathrombosisthrombusthromboangitis obliterans disseminated intravascular coagulation dic embolismemboluscaisson diseasedecompression sicknessinfarctionanemic infarctionhemorrhagic infarctionsepticemic infarctionedemaanasarcaasciteshydrothoraxhydropericardiumpitting edemainflammationalterationexudationexudatetransudateemigration of white cellsred cell diapedesischemotaxischemotactic factorphagocytosismacrophagephagosomephagolysosomeopsoninopsonizationfoamy cellinflammatory mediatorcomplement systemhistamineserotoninkininprostaglandinepithelioid cellacute inflammation subacute inflammation chronic inflammation leucocytosisbacteremiatoxemiasepticmiapyemiaserous inflammation fibronous inflammation purulent inflammation abscessphlegmonous inflammation hemorrhagic inflammation ulserfistulacatarrhal inflammation granuloma multinucleate giant cell inflammatory pseudotumour anaphylaxissinusinflammationalterationexudationexudatetransudateemigration of white cells red cell diapedesis chemotaxis chemotactic factor phagocytosis macrophage phagosome phagolysosomeopsoninopsonizationfoamy cell inflammatory mediator complement system histamineserotoninkininprostaglandinepithelioid cell suppuration proliterationsubacute inflammation chronic inflammation leucocytosisbacteremiatoxemiasepticmiapyemiaserous inflammation fibronous inflammation purulent inflammation abscessphlegmonous inflammation hemorrhagic inflammation ulserfistulacatarrhal inflammation granuloma multinucleate giant cell inflammatory pseudotumour anaphylaxissinusneoplasmanaplasianeoplasiaatypical hyperplasia pleomorphismatypiametastasisbenignmalignant tumorcancercarcinomasarcoma carcinosarcoma hodgikins disease papillomaadenomacystadenoma fibroadenomasquamous cell carcinoma ketatin pearlbasal cell carcinoma transitional cell carcinoma adenocarcinomacolloid carcinomamucoid carcinomasignet-ring cellcarcinoma simplex scirrhous cercinoma medullary carcinoma carcinoidargeentaffinlipomafibromahemangioma lymphangioma hemangioendothelioma hemangipericytoma hemangiosarcoma leiomyoma fibrosarcoma liposarcoma rhabdomyosarcom osteosarcoma osteogenic sarcoma neuroblastoma neurofibromanevusmelanomateratoma nephroblastoma biopsycarcinoma in situoncogene hydatidiform mole chorioepithelioma mucinous cystadenoma serous cystadenoma malignant lymphomapharmacologydrug therapy pharmacodynamics pharmacological effect selectivity of drug effect therapeutic effect etiological treatmentside effecttoxic effectafter effectwithdrawal symptomsallergic reactionhypersensitivityidiosyncratic reactionsdrug-induced diseasesdose-effect relationship, dose-response relationship graded responsesquantal responses efficacymaximal effectpotencymedian effective dosemedian lethal dosetherapeutic indexsafety marginreceptorligandaffinityintrinsic activityagonistpartial agonistantagonist blockercompetitive antagonistnon-competitive antagonistg protein-coupled receptorsligand-gated ion channel receptorsreceptor desensitizationreceptor sensitizationpharmacokineticsdrug dispositiondrug transporttransmembrane transportabsorptiondistributionexcretionbiotransformationmetabolismfirst-pass eliminationbinding of drug to plasma proteinsblood-brain barrierplacental barrierhepatic drug-metabolizing enzymesinductor of hepatic enzymesinhibitor of hepatic enzymeshepato-enteral circulationapparent volume of distribution- drug concentration-time curvemaximal concentrationeffective concentrationtime to maximal concentration peak timearea under the curvedrug eliminationfirst order elimination kineticszero order elimination kineticshalf lifesteady state concentrationcompartment modelone-compartment modeltwo-compartment modelcentral and peripheral compartmentsbioavailabilityabsolute bioavailabilityrelative bioavailabilityloading dosemaintenance doserational therapeuticsdrug combination, multiple-drug therapydrug-drug interactionssynergismincluding potentiation and additionantagonismincompatibilityplacebo effectsindividual variationtachyphylaxistolerancecross tolerancenarcotic drugfont-family: tahoma; mso-font-kerning: 0pt">dependence drug addictionwithdrawal syndromedrug resistanceantineoplastic drugsanticancer druigscell proliferation cyclecell cycle-nonspecific agentscell cycle-specific agentsccsamultidrug resistancemdrantimetabolitesmethotrexatemtxfluorouracil5-fumercaptopurine6-mphydroxyureahucytarabineara-calkylating agentsnitrogen mustardhn2cyclophosphamidectxthio-tepatspabusulfancarmustinebcnuplatinum co-ordination complexes cisplatinddpcarboplatincbpantineoplastic antibioticscmitomycinmmcbleomycindactinomycindactdoxorubicinadriamycin,,admdaunorubicinantineoplastic plant drugs camptothecinscptpodophyllotoxin derivatives vinca alkaloidsvinblastinvlbvincristinvcrpaclitaxeltaxolharringtoninel-asparaginasehormones and their antagonists adrenocorticoidsprednisonprednisoloneestrogenstamoxifentamandrogensnear-term toxicity myelosuppressionbaldnessforward toxicitysterility and teratogenesis sequential therapy synchronization。