大学英语b4资料

Listening Comprehension (每小题１分，共20分) 没有范围Part II Reading ComprehensionSection A (每小题1分，共10分) 选词填空，没有范围Section B (每小题2分，共30分) 三篇深度阅读，以下是参考范围（蓝色部分为答案）Passage OneIf you are like most people, your intelligence varies from season to season. You are probably a lot sharper in the spring than you are at any other time of the year. A noted scientist, Ellsworth Huntington (1876-1947), concluded from other men’s work and his own among peoples in different climates that climate and temperature have a definite effect on our mental abilities.He found that cool weather is much more favorable for creative thinking than is summer heat. This does not mean that all people are less intelligent in summer than they are during the rest of the year. It does mean, however, that the mental abilities of large numbers of people tend to be lowest in summer.Spring appears to be the best period of the year for thinking. One reason may be that in the spring man’s mental abilities are affected by the same factors that bring about great changes in all nature.Fall is the next-best season, then winter. As for summer, it seems to be a good time to take a long vacation from thinking.31. According to the passage, man’s intelligence _______.A) stays the same throughout the yearB) varies from day to dayC) changes with the seasonsD)changes from year to year32. Ellsworth Huntington decided that climate and temperature have _______.A) a great effect on everyone’ intelligenceB) some effect on most people’s intelligenceC) some effect on a few people’s intelligenceD) no effect on most people’s intelligence33.Ellsworth Huntington’s conclusion was based on ______.A) variations of his own mental abilities from season to seasonB) the results of research done by him and other scientists among peoples indifferent climatesC) detailed records of temperature changes in different placesD) detailed records of different ways of thinking among peoples in differentclimates34. Why does the author say summer is a good time to take a long vacation from thinking? ______A) Because a long vacation in summer helps to improve peoples mental powerB) Because tend to be less creative during summerC) Because summer is a good time for outdoor activitiesD) Because mental exertion in the summer heat taxes too much of people’s energy35. The central idea of this passage is ______.A) man’s mental abilities change from season to seasonB) man’s intelligence varies from place to placeC) man should take a long vacation in summerD) if you want to do creative thinking , go to a cool placePassage TwoTo understand how Americans think about things, it is necessary to understand “the point”. Americans mention it often:“Let’s get right to the point,” “My point is …”“What’s the point of all this”?Th e “point” is the idea or piece of information that Americans suppose should be at the center of people’s thinking, writing, and spoken com ments. Speakers and writers are supposed to “make their opinions clear”, meaning that they are supposed to say or write clearly the idea they wish to express.People from many other cultures have different ideas about the point. Africans traditionally tell stories that express thoughts they have in mind, rather than stating “the point” clearly. Japanese traditionally speak indirectly, leaving the listener to figure out what the point is. Thus, while an American might say to a friend “I don’t think that coat goes well with the rest of your outfit,” a Japanese might say, “Maybe this other coat would look even better than the o ne you have on.” Americans value a person who “gets right to the point”. Japanese are likely to consider such a person insensitive if not rude.The Chinese and Japanese languages are characterized by vagueness(模糊) and ambiguity. The precision and direc tness Americans associate with “the point” cannot be achieved in Chinese and Japanese. Speakers of those languages thus have to learn a new way of reasoning if they are going to communicate satisfactorily with Americans.36. According to the passage, Americans expect speakers and writers to ________.A) be clear about their main ideas B) give as much information as possibleC) express their personal views D) be honest about their true feelings37. In the sentence “I don’t think that coat goes well with the rest of your outfit” (Para.3), the word “outfit” most probably means _________.A) office B) time C) speech D) clothes38. According to the passage, Japanese may consider it unacceptable to be_________.A) indirect B) straightforward C) poorly-dressed D) curious39. In order to communicate with Americans satisfactorily, speakers of Chinese needto ________.A) learn the language well B) change their way of thinkingC) be careful about their choices or words D) explain their reasons clearly40. What can we conclude from the passage?A) Americans are usually insensitive.B) The Chinese and the American people express ideas in different ways.C) People of different cultures express ideas in different ways.D) The Japanese like to tell a story to express what they have in mind.Passage ThreeTransplant surgeons work miracles. They take organs from one body and integrate them into another, granting the lucky recipient a longer, better life. Sadly, every year thousands of other people are less fortunate, dying while they wait for suitable organs to be found. The terrible constraint on organ transplantation is that every life extended depends on the death of someone young enough and healthy enough to have organs worth transplanting. Such donors are few. The waiting lists are long and getting longer.Freedom from this constraint is the dream of every transplant surgeon. So far attempts to make artificial organs have been disappointing: Nature is hard to mimic. Hence, the renewed interest in trying to use organs from animals.Doctors in India have just announced that they have successfully transplanted a heart from a pig into a person. Pressure to increase the number of such "xenotransplants" (异种移植) seem to be growing. In Europe and America, herds of pigs are being specially bred and genetically engineered for organ donation. During 1996 at least two big reports on the subject--one in Europe and one in America-- were published. They agreed that xenotransplantation was permissible on ethical grounds, and cautiously recommended they be allowed.The ethics of xenotransplantation are relatively unworrying. People already kill pigs both for food and for sport; killing them to save a human life seems, if anything, easier to justify. However, the science of xenotransplantation is much less straightforward.Import an organ from one animal to another and you may bring with it any number of infectious diseases. That much is well known. However, coping with this danger is not merely a matter of screening for obvious ills such as parasites(寄生虫). Many diseases that could harm humans may be both undetectable and harmless in their natural hosts. Diseases that have been dormant for years may suddenly become active if they find themselves in a new environment, Such as a human recipient's body. After that, they may start to infect other people.41. Despite transplant surgeons' work, every year many people die becauseA). they are unlucky patientsB). organ transplantation is unreliableC). there are not enough proper organs for transplantationD). few people are willing to donate their organs after death42. Which of the following is NOT a limitation of organ transplantation?A). The organ donor must be young enough.B). The organ donor must be healthy enough.C). The organ donated must deserve transplanting.D). The organ donated must be removed from one body.43. Attempts to make artificial organs fail because __A). it is difficult to make artificial organs as natural as body organsB). it is difficult to imitate the human worldC). the production process is complicatedD). the production is limited by nature44. The danger of transplanting animal organs into humansA). it is considered ethically wrongB). it may bring diseases into human bodiesC). it brings parasites into human bodiesD). it does more harm than good to humans45. The word "dormant" (Line 4, Para. 6) meansA). hidden B). inactive C). potential D) devil Passage FourIn Britain it is common to be invited to someone’s home rather than to a restaurant. If you are invited to a restaurant it is because your host wants to give you the enjoyment of some special type of food or perhaps, often invited you home and now wants to give you a special treat.Present If you are invited to someone’s home to have a meal it is usual to take some flowers or a box of chocolates. It’s not usual to take a bottle of wine unless you know your host well. Although flowers and chocolates are quite acceptable it would be very nice if you could take something from your country. It is different if you are invited to a party. Many parties these days are “bring a bottle” parties. Unless your host is very rich then a bottle of wine is always welcome if it is a big party of, say, 30 or more people.Dress If you are not sure what you should wear then ask your host or your friends. Usually dress is informal and individual in Britain for parties and for invitations to d inner in people’s home. If you are going to an expensive restaurant you may have to wear a jacket and tie, and jeans wouldn’t be allowed.Punctuality If you are invited to dinner at someone’s home you shouldn’t arrive earlier than the time given and you shouldn’t arrive more than 15 minutes late. If you are going to be late ，telephone and let your host know so that the meal can be delayed. Dinner is usually served between 8 pm and 9 pm. Very often guests are invited to arrive earlier than this so that they can have a drink and be introduced to the other guests.Introducing yourself If you are at a party, you can go to another person and introduce yourself. You don’t have to wait to be introduced. And, by the way, at parties we assume that everyone will talk to a lot of people. It’s quite normal for someone to have a short conversation with you and then go on to talk to other people!How long should you stay? Watch other guests! But if you are the only guest,leave before midnight if it is a weekday evening and if you or your host must work the next day.31. According to the text, in Britain, your host invites you to a restaurant mostprobably because_________.A)he is very friendly and politeB)you can be given a better service thereC)he has no much time cookingD)he is rich and doesn’t care about the money32. If you are invited to have dinner in your host’s home you may take the followingpresents except ________.A) some flowers B) some fruitsC) a box of chocolates D) a bottle of wine33. You can go to have dinner in your host’s home in jean because ________.A)your host often wears a jeanB)most people usually wear jeansC)a jacket and tie won’t be allowedD)dress is informal and individual for dinner of this kind34. If you are invited to hav e dinner in your host’s home at 8:30 p.m., you should___________.A) arrive at least 30 minutes earlier than the given timeB)arrive a little earlier than the time dinner is servedC)arrive just when dinner is servedD)arrive a litter late35. If someone has a short conversation with you and then goes on to talk to otherpeople, you may think ________.A) it is usual B) it’s impoliteC) he is uninterested in you D) he is unfriendly to youPassage FiveFinding out that you are infected is usually overwhelming. Even if you had suspected it for some time, learning that you are can be a very traumatic (令人痛苦的) experience. Testing HIV positive has led some people to quit their jobs, quickly write out their wills, and say goodbye to their friends an d family, only to discover that they aren't sick and will probably live for many years to come. It's common to perceive these results as an immediate death sentence, but this is simply not true.What you are feeling now is perfectly normal. Anger, fear, confusion, numbness, depression--all are completely natural reactions to the kind of news you've heard. If you've known for even several weeks, you may find yourself having a normal day, and then suddenly remember that you are HIVpositive. It's very common for this kind of realization to just "hit you in the face" out of nowhere over again. You are not going crazy if this happens to you. Your moods may swing from profound sadness one moment to extreme anger the next. That's normal, too.The first step to get through this emotional turmoil (混乱) is to acknowledge what you are feeling. Don't be surprised to find yourself going through the day in a state of shock. Allow yourself to feel nothing. Your emotions will come rushing back in soon enough. This is merely a way that your mind "turns off' to allow you to cope with a problem. If you are feeling angry, that's fine. You have every right to be angry and a lot to be angry about.36. What does the author mean by saying "learning that you are" (Line 2, Para. l)?A) Learning what disease you've caught.B) Learning that you are infected.C) Learning that you are carrying HIV virusD) Learning that you are dying.37. Which of the following is NOT a normal reaction of people when they are tested HIV positive?A) Puzzlement. B) Sadness.C) Hatred. D) Anger.38. If you are HIV positive, you may have a normal dayA) when you forget the infectionB) even when you suddenly remember the infectionC) when you are hit in the faceD) when you are not going crazy39. The "emotional turmoil" (Line 1, Para. 3) refers to _A) your mixed feelings of sadness and angerB) your confusion of bad feelingsC) your variable moods from sadness to angerD) your realization combined with your crazy reactions40. The last paragraph indicates that in the face of AIDSA) you must be strongB) you must overcome your negative emotionsC) you need do what you want toD) you need realize your feelingsPassage SixThe first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize was Jane Addams. However, Jane Addams is best known as the founder of Hull House. She was born in1860, into a wealthy family. She was one of a small number of women in her generation to graduate from college. Her commitment to improving the lives of those around her led her to work for social reform.In the 1880s Jane Addams traveled to Europe. While she was in London, shevisited a “settlement house” called Toynbee Hall. Inspired by Toynbee Hall, Addams and her friend, Ellen Gates Starr, opened Hull House in a neighborhood of slums in Chicago in 1899. Hull House provided a day care center for children of working mothers, a community kitchen, and visiting nurses. Addams and her staff gave classes in English literacy, art, and other subjects. Hull House also became a meeting place for clubs and labor unions. Most of people who worked with Addams in Hull House were well educated, middle-class Women. Hull House gave them an opportunity to use their education and it provided a training ground for careers in social work.Before World War I, Addams was probably the most beloved woman in America. In a newspaper poll that asked “Who among our contemporaries are of the most value to the community”, Jane Addams was rated second, after Thomas Edison.41. Which of the following subjects is this passage concerned with?A) The first award of the Nobel Peace Prize to an American Woman.B) A woman’s work for soc ial reform.C) The early development of social work in America.D) Contributions of educated women to American Society.42. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A) Jane Addams is most famous for her opening of Hull House.B) Those who lived near Hull House had very poor literacy skills.C) Jane Addams considers herself the most beloved woman in America.D) Only well-educated women could work in Hull House.43. The word “commitment” (Line 4, Para.1) is closest in meaning to _________.A) encouragement B) emotion C) dedication D) reflection44. Jane Addams was inspired to open Hull House because _________.A) it could give educated women an opportunity to use their education anddevelop careers in social work.B) she traveled to Europe in 1880s.C) she visited Toynbee Hall in London.D) she was invited by a “settlement H o use” in Chicago.45. The word “their” (Line 9, Para. 2) refers to _________.A) children of working mothers B) middle-class womenC) visiting nurses D) labor union membersPart III Cloze ( 每小题0.5分，共10 分)以下是复习范围，后面附答案Even though the majority of Americans would find it hard to imagine what life could be like without a car, some have begun to realize that the automobile is a mixed blessing. Traffic accidents are increasing ___61___, and large cities are ____62___ by too many automobiles. Worst of all, perhaps, ____63____ the air pollution caused ____64___ the internal-combustion (内燃机) engine. Every car engine burns ___65____gallons of fuel each year and pumps gases ____66____ the air. These gases are one ___67____of the smog that hangs over large cities. Some of these gases are ___68____and dangerous ____69___health, especially for someone with a weak heart or a repiratory disease. (呼吸系统疾病)One answer ____70___ the problem of air pollution is ____71____ a car that does not pollute. That’s ___72____ several major automobile manufacturers are trying to do. But building a clean car is ____73____said than done. ___74____, progress has been slow. ____75____solution is to eliminate car fumes altogether by ____76____ the internal-combustion engine. Inventors are now working on turbine-powered cars, ____77___on cars powered by steam and electric ity. ____78____most of us won’t be driving cars run on batteries or ____79___ water for a while yet. Many auto makers believe that it will take years ____80____ practical models that are powered by electricity or steam.61. A) steadily B) easily C) urgently D) generously62. A) caused B) filled C) crowded D) troubled63. A) are B) is C) be D) to be64. A) with B) of C)by D) for65. A) hundreds of B) hundred of C) hundred D) hundreds66. A) over B) into C) in D) up to67. A) resource B) origin C) source D) result68. A) poisonous B) poison C) poisoning D) poisoned69. A) for B) about C) to D) of70. A) of B) in C) about D) to71. A) to build B) build C) building D) to have built72. A) which B) that C) why D) what73. A) easy B) easily C) easier D) easiest74. A) Yet B) So far C) But D) Nevertheless75. A) Other B) Others C) Another D) One another76. A) get rid of B) getting rid of C) to get rid of D) got rid of77. A) as well B) instead C) too D) as well as78. A) Therefore B) But C) Thereby D) Consequently79. A) boiled B) cooked C) cooking D) boiling80. A) to develop B) developing C) develop D) developed61-70 ADBCA BCACD71-80 ADCBC BDBDAWise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further. The 61 you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually 62 you money or can add 63 the cost.Take the 64 example of a hairdryer. If you are buying a hairdryer, you might 65 you are making the 66buy if you choose one 67you like and which is also the cheapest 68 price. But when you get it home you may find that it 69 twice as long as a more expensive 70 to dry your hair. The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well 71 your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.So what principles should you 72 when you go out shopping?If you 73 your home, your car or any valuable 74 in excellent condition, you'll be saving money in the long 75 Before you buy a new 76 , talk to someone who owns one. If you can, use it or borrow it to check it suits your particular 77 .Before you buy an expensive 78 ,or a service, do check the price and 79 is on offer. If possible, choose 80 three items or three estimates.61. A) form B) fashion C) way D) method62. A) save B) preserve C)in D)similar63. A) up B) to C) in D) on64. A) easy B) single C) simple D) similar65. A) convince B) accept C) examine D) think66. A) proper B) best C) reasonable D) most67. A) its B) which C) whose D) what68. A) for B) with C) in D) on69. A) spends B) takes C) lasts D) consumes70. A) mode B) copy C) sample D)model71. A) cause B) make C) leave D) prove72. A) adopt B) lay C) stick D) adapt73. A)reserve B) decorate C) store D) keep74. A) products B) possession C) material D) ownership75. A) run B) interval C) period D) time76. A) appliance B) equipment C) utility D) facility77. A) function B) purpose C) goal D) task78. A) component B) element C) item D) particle79. A) what B) which C) that D) this80. A) of B) in C) by D) from61. C)62. A)63. B)64. C)65. D)66. B)67. B)68. C)69. B) 70. D)71. B)72. A)73. D)74. B)75. A)76. A)77. B)78. C)79. A)80. D)Part IV Translation (每小题3分，共15分)(汉译英和英译汉，红色部分为答案 )1无论采取什么措施, 对环境的破坏都无法避免了.No matter what measure we take, the destruction to the environment is inevitable.2毫无疑问,咖啡并不适合每一个人.Undoubtedly, coffee is not suitable for everyone.3和许多父母的忧虑相反, 养宠物不会影响孩子的健康.Contrary to parents’worries, keeping pets does not affect children’s health.4Barbie’s (芭比娃娃) makers have tried their best to follow the latest trend.芭比娃娃的制作者力求紧跟最新的时尚.5Gradually, you may realize that their behavior is out of ignorance, fear and even love.逐渐地你能意识到, 他们的行为是出于无知害怕和爱.6过去人们习惯于从父母那里寻求意见，现在他们求助于书本。