SYSWELD-for-Welding-Assembly
热处理焊接模拟软件SYSWELD的技术特点
热处理焊接模拟软件SYSWELD的技术特点作者：ESI国际工程科学中国有限公司SYSWELD完全实现了机械、热传导和金属冶金的耦合计算，允许考虑晶相转变及同一时间晶相转变潜热和晶相组织对温度的影响。
在具体计算中，分两步进行，首先实现温度和晶相组织的计算，然后进行机械力的计算。
在机械力计算中，已经充分考虑了第一步计算的结果，如残余应力和应变的影响。
SYSWELD的计算模型SYSWELD的电磁模型允许模拟点焊和感应加热，并可实现能量损失和热源加载的计算模拟。
SYSWELD扩散与析出模型可实现渗碳、渗氮、碳氮共渗模拟，先计算化学元素的扩散和沉积，然后再考虑对热和机械性能的影响。
SYSWELD的氢扩散模型能计算模拟氢的浓度，预测冷裂纹的严重危害。
数据导入SYSWELD的操作环境SYSWORLD也可直接建立几何模型和生成各种网格。
配合GEOMESH几何网格工具，SYSWELD可以直接读取UG, CATIA的数据和接受各种标准交换文件(STL, IGES, VDA,STEP, ACIS等)。
能与大部分CAE数据接口SYSWELD能兼容大部分CAE系统的数据模型，如NASTRAN，IDEAS，PAM-SYSTEM，HYPERMESH等。
工艺向导独有的向导技术是SYSWELD迅速工业化地成功秘诀。
简洁、易用而有条理的向导指示，一步一步地引导用户完成复杂的热物理模拟过程。
模拟向导能根据不同的工艺特征，自动智能化的选择求解器进行物理分析。
系统主要功能模块和模拟向导：Heat treatment Advisor 热处理向导Welding Advisor 焊接向导Assembly Advisor 装配模拟向导WELD ADVISOR焊接模拟向导模拟工具SYSWELD内置了一系列非常有效的工具软件，用于获取和校验热物理模拟的物理数据，如热传导系数校验工具，焊接热源校验工具，材料CCT曲线校验工具，材料冷却曲线校验工具等等。
焊接专业英语词汇(焊接及相关工艺英文缩写)
焊接专业英语词汇（焊接及相关工艺英文缩写）AW——ARC WELDING——电弧焊AHW——atomic hydrogen welding——原子氢焊BMAW——bare metal arc welding——无保护金属丝电弧焊CAW——carbon arc welding——碳弧焊CAW-G——gas carbon arc welding——气保护碳弧焊CAW-S——shielded carbon arc welding——有保护碳弧焊CAW-T——twin carbon arc welding——双碳极间电弧焊EGW——electrogas welding——气电立焊FCAW——flux cored arc welding——药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW-G——gas-shielded flux cored arc welding——气保护药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW-S——self-shielded flux cored arc welding——自保护药芯焊丝电弧焊GMAW——gas metal arc welding——熔化极气体保护电弧焊GMAW-P——pulsed arc——熔化极气体保护脉冲电弧焊GMAW-S——short circuiting arc——熔化极气体保护短路过度电弧焊GTAW——gas tungsten arc welding——钨极气体保护电弧焊GTAW-P——pulsed arc——钨极气体保护脉冲电弧焊MIAW——magnetically impelled arc welding——磁推力电弧焊PAW——plasma arc welding——等离子弧焊SMAW——shielded metal arc welding——焊条电弧焊SW——stud arc welding——螺栓电弧焊SAW——submerged arc welding——埋弧焊SAW-S——series——横列双丝埋弧焊RW——RWSISTANCE WELDING——电阻焊FW——flash welding——闪光焊RW-PC——pressure controlled resistance welding——压力控制电阻焊PW——projection welding——凸焊RSEW——resistance seam welding——电阻缝焊RSEW-HF——high-frequency seam welding——高频电阻缝焊RSEW-I——induction seam welding——感应电阻缝焊RSEW-MS——mash seam welding——压平缝焊RSW——resistance spot welding——点焊UW——upset welding——电阻对焊UW-HF——high-frequency ——高频电阻对焊UW-I——induction——感应电阻对焊SSW——SOLID STATE WELDING——固态焊CEW——co-extrusion welding——CW——cold welding——冷压焊DFW——diffusion welding——扩散焊HIPW——hot isostatic pressure diffusion welding——热等静压扩散焊EXW——explosion welding——爆炸焊FOW——forge welding——锻焊FRW——friction welding——摩擦焊FRW-DD——direct drive friction welding——径向摩擦焊FSW——friction stir welding——搅拌摩擦焊FRW-I——inertia friction welding——惯性摩擦焊HPW——hot pressure welding——热压焊ROW——roll welding——热轧焊USW——ultrasonic welding——超声波焊S——SOLDERING——软钎焊DS——dip soldering——浸沾钎焊FS——furnace soldering——炉中钎焊IS——induction soldering——感应钎焊IRS——infrared soldering——红外钎焊INS——iron soldering——烙铁钎焊RS——resistance soldering——电阻钎焊TS——torch soldering——火焰钎焊UUS——ultrasonic soldering——超声波钎焊WS——wave soldering——波峰钎焊B——BRAZING——软钎焊BB——block brazing——块钎焊DFB——diffusion brazing——扩散焊DB——dip brazing——浸沾钎焊EXB——exothermic brazing——反应钎焊FB——furnace brazing——炉中钎焊IB——induction brazing——感应钎焊IRB——infrared brazing——红外钎焊RB——resistance brazing——电阻钎焊TB——torch brazing——火焰钎焊TCAB——twin carbon arc brazing——双碳弧钎焊OFW——OXYFUEL GAS WELDING——气焊AAW——air-acetylene welding——空气乙炔焊OAW——oxy-acetylene welding——氧乙炔焊OHW——oxy-hydrogen welding——氢氧焊PGW——pressure gas welding——气压焊OTHER WELDING AND JOINING——其他焊接与连接方法AB——adhesive bonding——粘接BW——braze welding——钎接焊ABW——arc braze welding——电弧钎焊CABW——carbon arc braze welding——碳弧钎焊EBBW——electron beam braze welding——电子束钎焊EXBW——exothermic braze welding——热反应钎焊FLB——flow brazing——波峰钎焊FLOW——flow welding——波峰焊LBBW——laser beam braze welding——激光钎焊EBW——electron beam welding——电子束焊EBW-HV——high vacuum——高真空电子束焊EBW-MV——medium vacuum——中真空电子束焊EBW-NV——non vacuum——非真空电子束焊ESW——electroslag welding——电渣焊ESW-CG——consumable guide eletroslag welding——熔嘴电渣焊IW——induction welding——感应焊LBW——laser beam welding——激光焊PEW——percussion welding——冲击电阻焊TW——thermit welding——热剂焊THSP——THERMAL SPRAYING——热喷涂ASP——arc spraying——电弧喷涂FLSP——flame spraying——火焰喷涂FLSP-W——wire flame spraying——丝材火焰喷涂HVOF——high velocity oxyfuel spraying——高速氧燃气喷涂PSP——plasma spraying——等离子喷涂VPSP-W——vacuum plasma spraying——真空等离子喷涂TC——THERMAL CUTTING——热切割OC——OXYGEN CUTTING——气割OC-F——flux cutting——熔剂切割OC-P——metal powder cutting——金属熔剂切割OFC——oxyfuel gas cutting——氧燃气切割CFC-A——oxyacetylene cutting——氧乙炔切割CFC-H——oxyhydrogen cutting——氢氧切割CFC-N——oxynatural gas cutting——氧天然气切割CFC-P——oxypropanne cutting——氧丙酮切割OAC——oxygen arc cutting——氧气电弧切割OG——oxygen gouging——气刨OLC——oxygen lance cutting——氧矛切割AC——ARC CUTTING——电弧切割CAC——carbon arc cutting——碳弧切割CAC-A——air carbon arc cutting——空气碳弧切割GMAC——gas metal arc cutting——熔化极气体保护电弧切割GTAC——gas tungsten arc cutting——钨极气体保护电弧切割PAC——plasma arc cutting——等离子弧切割SMAC——shielded metal arc cutting——焊条电弧切割HIGH ENERGY BEAM CUTTING——高能束切割EBC——electron beam cutting——电子束切割LBC——laser beam cutting——激光切割LBC-A——air——空气激光切割LBC-EV——evaporative——蒸气激光切割LBC-IG——inert gas——惰性气体激光切割LBC-O——oxygen——氧气激光切割激光切割laser cutting(LC); laser beam cutting电子束切割electron beam cutting喷气激光切割gas jet laser cutting碳弧切割carbon arc cutting水下切割underwater cutting喷水式水下电弧切割waterjet method underwater arc cutting氧矛切割oxygen lancing; oxygen lance cutting溶剂氧切割powder lancing手工气割manual oxygen cutting自动气割automatic oxygen cutting仿形切割shape cutting数控切割NC (numerical-control) cutting快速切割high-speed cutting垂直切割square cut叠板切割stack cutting坡口切割beveling; bevel cutting碳弧气割carbon arc air gouging火焰气刨flame gouging火焰表面清理scarfing氧熔剂表面修整powder washing预热火焰preheat flame预热氧preheat oxygen切割氧cutting oxygen/ cutting stream切割速度cutting speed切割线line of cut/ cut line切割面face of cut/ cut face切口kerf切口上缘cutting shoulder切口宽度kerf width后拖量drag切割面平面度evenness of cutting surface/ planeness of cutting surface 割纹深度depth of cutting veins/ stria depth切割面质量quality of cut face上缘熔化度shoulder meltability/ melting degree of shoulder切口角kerf angle缺口notch挂渣adhering slag结瘤dross割炬cutting torch/ cutting blowpipe/ oxygen-fuel gas cutting torch割枪cutting gun割嘴cutting nozzle/ cutting tip快速割嘴divergent nozzle/ high-speed nozzle表面割炬gouging blowpipe水下割炬under-water cutting blowpipe水下割条electrode for under-water cutting粉剂罐powder dispenser数控切割机NC cutting machine门式切割机flame planer光电跟踪切割机photo-electric tracing cutting火焰切管机pipe flame cutting machine磁轮式气割机gas cutting machine with magnetic wheels 焊接结构welded structure/ welded construction焊件weldment焊接部件weld assembly组装件built-up member接头设计joint design焊接应力welding stress焊接瞬时应力transient welding stress焊接残余应力welding residual stress热应力thermal stress收缩应力contraction stress局部应力local stress拘束应力constraint stress固有应力inherent stress固有应变区inherent strain zone残余应力测定residual stress analysis逐层切割法Sach’s methodX射线衍射法X-ray stress analysis小孔释放法Mathar method固有应变法inherent strain method消除应力stress relieving局部消除应力local stress relieving应力重分布stress redistribution退火消除应力stress relieving by annealing温差拉伸消除应力low temperature stress relieving机械拉伸消除应力mechanical stress relieving应力松弛stress relaxation焊接变形welding deformation焊接残余变形welding residual deformation局部变形local deformation角变形angular distortion自由变形free deformation收缩变形contraction deformation错边变形mismatching deformation挠曲变形deflection deformation波浪变形wave-like deformation火焰矫正flame straightening反变形backward deformation焊接力学welding mechanics断裂力学fracture mechanics弹塑性断裂变形elasto-plastic fracture mechanics线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics延性断裂ductile fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture应力腐蚀开裂stress corrosion cracking热应变脆化hot straining embrittlement临界裂纹尺寸critical crack size裂纹扩展速率crack propagation rate裂纹张开位移（COD）crack opening displacement拘束度restraint intensity拘束系数restraint coefficient应变速率strain rate断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factor临界应力强度因子critical stress intensity factors应力腐蚀临界应力强度因子critical stress intensity factor of stress corrosion cracking J积分J-integration罗伯逊止裂试验Robertson crack arrest testESSO试验ESSO test双重拉伸试验doucle tension test韦尔斯宽板拉伸试验Well’s wide plate test帕瑞斯公式Paris formula断裂分析图fracture analysis diagram焊接车间welding shop焊接工作间welding booth焊接工位welding post/ welding station焊接环境welding surroundings焊工welder电焊工manual arc welder气焊工gas welder焊接检验员weld inspector焊工培训welders training焊工模拟训练器trainer of synthetic weld焊工考试welder qualification test焊工合格证welder qualification/ welder qualified certification钢板预处理steel plate pretreatment喷沙sand blast喷丸shot blast矫正straighten开坡口bevelling (of the edge)/ chanfering装配assembly/ fitting安装erect刚性固定rigid fixing装配焊接顺序sequence of fitting and welding焊接工艺评定welding procedure qualification（转载自第一范文网，请保留此标记。
SYSWELD中文教程T型
（使用软件版本，sysweld2010，pam-assembly2009，weld-planner2009）一、软件安装说明软件包括，sysweld2010，pam-assembly2009，weld-planner2009，其中pam-assembly2009，weld-planner2009统一叫做WeldingDE09，安装基本相同，点击setup，所有选项默认，点击next按钮，直到安装完成，点击finish。
所有安装完毕后，重启计算机，在桌面上出现ESI GROUP 文件夹，所有软件的快捷方式都在此文件夹内。
二、基本流程中小件焊接过程模拟分析的步骤是CAD->网格划分(Visual-mesh)->热源校核(sysweld软件中的Heat Input Fitting)->焊接向导(sysweld软件中的welding wizrad)->求解(sysweld slover)->后处理观察结果(sysweld)网格网格划分是有限元必需的步骤。
Sysweld的网格划分工具采用visual-mesh。
版本使用的是Visual –mesh界面见下图对于形状简单的零件，可以在visual-mesh里面直接建立模型，进行网格划分，对于复杂的图形，需要先在CAD画图软件中画出零件的3维几何图形，然后导入visual-mesh软件进行网格划分。
Visual-mesh的菜单命令中的Curve，Surface，Volume，Node是用来创建几何体的命令，接下来的1D,2D,3D是用来创建1维，2维，3维网格的命令。
对于一个简单的焊接零件，网格创建的步骤为：建立节点nodes生成面surface网格生成a)生成2D mesh 用于生成3D网格b)拉伸3D mesh 用于定义材料赋值及焊接计算c)提取2D mesh表面网格用于定义表面和空气热交换d)生成1D 焊接线，参考线用于描述热源轨迹添加网格组a)开始点，结束点，开始单元用于描述热源轨迹b)装夹点用于定义焊接过程中的装夹条件下面以T型焊缝网格划分为例，说明visual-mesh的具体用法，常用快捷键说明：按住A移动鼠标或者按住鼠标中键，旋转目标；按住S移动鼠标，平移目标；按住D移动鼠标，即为缩放；按F键(Fit)，全屏显示；选中目标，按H键(Hide)，隐藏目标；选中目标，按L键(Locate)，隐藏其他只显示所选并全屏显示；Shift+A，选中显示的全部内容；鼠标可以框选或者点选目标，按住Shift键为反选；在任务进行中，鼠标中键一般为下一步或者确认。
sysweld模拟教材ppt之焊接篇
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Groups of 1D Elements Linked to the Heat Source Definition
REFERENCE
STARTNODES
Copyright © ESI Group, 2006. All rights reserved.
1D elements group which contributes on the local frames definition of the heat source
Copyright © ESI Group, 2006. All rights reserved.
Copyright © ESI Group, 2008. All rights reserved.
Whilst this document has been carefully written and subject to intensive review, it is the reader‟s responsibility to take all necessary steps to ensure that the assumptions and results from any finite element analysis made as a result of reading this document are correct. Neither ESI GROUP nor the authors accept any liability for incorrect analysis
Copyright © ESI Group, 2006. All rights reserved.
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基于SYSWELD的焊接模拟仿真
拟分析 ， 为实际焊接生产 中控制焊接 变形提供 了 理 论依 据 ．
参考 文献 ：
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Ｅ－ ｍａ ｉ ｌ ： ｓ ｕ ｈ ２ ２ １ ＠１ ６ ３ ． １ ２ ０ １ １ １ ．
８ ２
大 连 交 通 大 学 学 报
第３ ４卷 Leabharlann （ ３ ） 应力 分 析
程 中大 体上 不发 生变化 ；
（ ２ ） 由 于焊 缝 的纵 向收 缩 ， 底 板 在 各 道 焊 缝
源模 型． 本 文所 选 构件 采 用 自动 钨 极 氩 弧焊 工 艺
１ 构 件 模 型 分 析
（ １ ） 三维 网格 划分 钛合金 目前应用 广泛 ｒ ｚ ｊ ， 本 文所选构件 材料为 钛合金 Ｔ Ａ １ ５ ， 底 板 为 ２ ． ０ ｍ ｍ， 立筋 ６为 ２ ． ５ ａ ｒ ｍ， 共 ７道焊 缝 ， 采用 自动 钨极 氩 弧 焊工 艺 进行 焊 接 ． 首先对该 构件进 行 了网格 划分 ， 网格 划分 直接影 响
基于 Ｓ Ｙ Ｓ ＷＥ Ｌ Ｄ 的 焊 接 模 拟 仿 真
苏杭 ， 常荣辉 ， 倪 家强
（ 中国航 空工 业集 团 沈 阳飞机工 业（ 集 团） 有 限公 司，辽宁 沈 阳 １ １ ０ ８ ５ ０ ） 米
摘
要： 针对典型焊接构件 ， 采用 Ｓ Ｙ Ｓ ＷＥ Ｌ Ｄ焊接模 拟软件 进行模 拟 ， 建立 了三维模 型并 进行 了 网格 划
第３ ４卷 第 ２期 ２ ０ １ ３年 ４月
Sysweld在焊接工艺仿真中的应用
Sysweld在控制焊接变形方面的应用
1.Sysweld在设计中的应用 （1）选择合理的焊缝形状和尺寸 （2）合理安排焊缝位置 2.Sysweld在工艺中的应用 （1）留余量法：主要用于控制角变形和弯曲变形 （2）刚性固定法： （3）合理地选择焊接方法和焊接参数： （4）热平衡法： （5）散热法： 3.Sysweld在矫正焊接变形中的应用： 火焰加热降低焊接变形量
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Sysweld工作流程 -材料热学参数数据库的建立
Thermal conductivity (KX) ：热导率，各相之间都不一 样；从室温到固相线温度间取值； Specific Heat（C）：比热；从室温到熔点间取值； Density (RHO) ：密度，各相之间都不一样；从室温到 熔点间取值； Reaction ：定义的加热、冷却过程的冶金材料行为，即 材料的CCT曲线；
热力学 （温度场）
力学 （应力和变形 场）
相变引起相变 相变应力
金相学
（显微组织状态 场）
图中箭头表示的是相互影响；实线箭头表示强烈的影响；虚线箭头表 示较弱的影响。
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绪论-SYSWELD理论基础
计算方法
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Sysweld工作流程 -网格的建立
Sysweld前处理软件可以快速便捷的生成焊接求解中需要 用到的各种类型网格。 提供了和其他软件之间的丰富数据接口，可以导入Proe、 UG、Catia、Solidworks、autocad等软件中生成的模型文 件进行网格处理。对Hypermesh、Ansys等软件中生成的网 格也可以导入进行再处理。 可以方便的进行换热、材料属性赋予、焊接线等计算中需 要用的网格组的划分。 通过SYSWELD的前处理网格软件，可以用用户 节省大量宝贵的时间。
sysweld简介
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应用领域
SYSWELD 应用领域非常广泛，几乎涉及到各行各业的焊接 工艺，主要有：
汽车工业 造船工业 重工业 列车 核工业 钢铁 航空航天 ··· ···
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软件特点
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6
软件功能
1.评估材料焊接性
2.节省生产成本 3.优化焊接工艺
4.控制卡具位置
5.减少试验成本 6.改善产品质量 7.提高使用寿命
Copyright © ESI Group, 2008. All rights reserved.
32
底盘 – AlMgSi / AlMgMn
ME1 ME2 ME3 ME4
t = 16.4 s
t = 2.9 s t = 5.4 s
焊接方向
Courtesy AK (German Automotive Working Circle
底盘 – AlMgSi / AlMgMn
ME1 - Node 3530 - Temperature over Time
12
考虑钢铁材料的金相转变
stra in
0.0 15
au steni tisati on
0.0 1
ma rten sitic tra nsformati on
+Initial, undistorted grid
Carbides dissolution Ferrite + Carbon
0.0 05
The more carbon dissolved at higher temperature, the more grid distortion at room temperature
浅谈SYSWELD在焊接中的应用
浅谈SYSWELD在焊接中的应用摘要：SYSWELD是由法国法码通公司和ESI公司共同开发的一款大型的有限元应用软件。
随着应用的发展，SYSWELD系统逐渐扩大了其应用范围，并迅速被汽车工业、航空航天、国防和重型工业所采用。
本文简单介绍了大型有限元软件SYSWELD在焊接中的应用。
关键词：焊接 SYSWELD 有限元应用1 引言焊接是被焊工件的材质（同种或异种），通过加热或加压或两者并用，并且用或不用填充材料，使工件的材质达到原子间的结合而形成永久性连接的工艺过程。
焊接是一个复杂的物理-化学过程，描述焊接过程的变量数目繁多，凭积累工艺实验数据了解和控制焊接过程，既不切实际又成本昂贵和费时费力。
随着计算机技术的发展，计算机模拟方法为焊接科学技术的发展创造了有利条件。
焊接热过程贯穿整个焊接过程的始终，可以说一切焊接物理化学过程都是在热过程中发生和发展的。
焊接热过程是局部的，加热极不均匀，具有瞬时性，复杂性和不稳定性等特点。
焊接温度场决定了焊接应力场和应变场，它还与冶金，结晶，相变有着不可分割的联系，使之成为影响焊接质量和生产率的主要因素之一。
焊接热过程的准确计算和测量是进行焊接冶金分析，焊接应力应变分析和对焊接过程进行控制的前提。
SYSWELD的开发最初源于核工业领域的焊接工艺模拟，当时核工业需要揭示焊接工艺中的复杂物理现象，以便提前预测裂纹等重大危险。
随着应用的发展，SYSWELD 逐渐扩大了其应用范围，并迅速被汽车工业、航空航天、国防和重型工业所采用。
2 SYSWELD简介SYSWELD完全实现了机械、热传导和金属冶金的耦合计算，允许考虑晶相转变及同一时间晶相转变潜热和晶相组织对温度的影响。
在具体计算中，分两步进行，首先实现温度和晶相组织的计算，然后进行机械力的计算。
在机械的力计算中，已经充分考虑了第一步计算的结果，如残余应力和应变的影响。
SYSWELD的电磁模型允许模拟点焊和感应加热，并可实现能量损失和热源加载的计算模拟。
SYSWELD_HT_中文资料
SYSWELD——领先的热处理、焊接和焊接装配模拟解决方案概述热处理 焊接 焊接装配100Cr6做的大圆环由于不对称淬火导致的扭曲 典型汽车部件的焊接装配。
通用汽车授权 摩托车轮辋的瞬态焊接－温度场的演变 模拟是掌握设计、制造过程并对产品早期服役可能出现问题是最好的解决方法。
经过20多年的发展，SYSWELD 已成为热处理、焊接和焊接装配过程模拟的领先模拟工具，能够全面考虑材料特性、设计和过程的各种情况。
使用SYSWELD 您一定会感觉物有所值，会从SYSWELD 的专业和友好的工具组得到受益。
工程师利用有限的有限元技术知识就能够控制和优化热处理、焊接和焊接装配过程。
与测试并修正的传统方法相比，SYSWELD 是降低成本缩短周期的关键解决方案。
并且还能够显著减少物理样机，有高的投资回报率。
图示热处理、焊接和焊接装配背后的复杂物理现象。
PAPERS TO DOWNLOADSYSWELD 2004 is a fast and solid simulat gineering tool that covers a combination of t ion en电磁 热分析 冶金 扩散－析出 结构分析SYSWELD是快速和可靠的工程模拟工具，以多场分析构架解决热处理、焊接相关问题。
特点及规格曲轴的六面体网格。
分层网格生成器专门用于从表面穿过厚度的热处理分析SYSWELD/GEOMESH CAD数据输入/输出SYSWELD/GEOMESH提供了建立有限元网格的图形建模功能。
导入CAD本体数据，自动清除并准备有限元分析。
网格划分功能及分组概念SYSWELD/GEOMESH给工程师提供了产生有限元网格模型的强大算法。
Patch independent表面网格及自动体网格划分（六面体，四面体），用于焊接及热处理分析。
分组概念能够简化并完善对任何现有网格划分工具的接口，数值问题的定义阶段相当简短和容易。
变形结构上的压应力显示曲轴的表面热处理综合的材料数据库SYSWELD的综合材料数据库也是一大特色。
焊接领域的英文术语翻译
熔接fusion welding压接pressure welding焊接过程welding process焊接技术welding technique焊接工艺welding technology/procedure焊接操作welding operation焊接顺序welding sequence焊接方向direction of welding焊接位置welding position熔敷顺序build-up sequence焊缝倾角weld slope/inclination of weld axis焊缝转角weld rotation/angle of rotation平焊位置flat position of welding横焊位置horizontal position of welding立焊位置vertical position of welding仰焊位置overhead position of welding平焊downhand welding/flat position welding横焊horizontal position welding立焊vertical position welding仰焊overhead position welding向上立焊vertical up welding/upward welding in the vertical position 倾斜焊inclined position welding上坡焊upward welding in the inclined position下坡焊downward welding in the inclined position对接焊butt welding角焊fillet welding搭接焊lap welding船形焊fillet welding in the downhand position/fillet welding in the flat position 平角焊horizontal fillet welding立角焊fillet welding in the vertical position仰角焊fillet welding in the overhead position坡口焊groove weldingI形坡口对接焊square butt welding喇叭形坡口焊 flare groove welding卷边焊flanged edge welding纵缝焊接welding of longitudinal seam横缝焊接welding of transverse seam环缝焊接girth welding/ circumferential螺旋缝焊接welding of spiral seam/welding of helical seam双面焊welding by both sides单道焊single pass welding/single run welding多道焊multi-pass welding单层焊single layer welding多层焊multi-layer welding分段多层焊block sequence/ block welding分层多道焊multi-layer and multi-pass welding连续焊continuous welding断续焊intermittent welding打底焊backing weld封底焊back sealing weld盖面焊cosmetic welding深熔焊deep penetration welding摆动焊welding with weaving/weave bead welding前倾焊 foreward welding (英国)/ forehand welding (美国)后倾焊 backward welding(英国)/ backhand welding(美国)分段退焊backstep welding跳焊skip welding对称焊balanced welding/ balanced welding sequence左焊法leftward welding forehand welding右焊法rightward welding/backhand welding挑弧焊whipping method自动焊automatic welding手工焊manual welding/hand welding车间焊接shop welding工地焊接site welding(英国)/ field welding (美国)拘束焊接restraint welding堆焊surfacing/building up/overlaying隔离层堆焊buttering端部周边焊boxing/end return返修焊rewelding补焊repair welding塞焊plug welding槽焊slot welding衬垫焊welding with backing焊剂垫焊welding with flux backing窄间隙焊narrow-gap welding强制成形焊enclosed welding脉冲电弧焊pulsed are welding电弧点焊arc spot welding螺柱焊stud welding热风焊hot gas welding高能焊high grade energy welding单面焊双面成形one-side welding with back formation 焊接条件welding condition焊接工艺参数welding parameter极性polarity正接electrode negative/straight polarity反接electrode positive/reversed polarity运条方式manipulation of electrode焊接电流welding current焊接电流增加时间welding current upslope time焊接电流衰减时间welding current downslope time电流密度current density短路电流short circuit current脉冲电流pulse level/pulse current level脉冲电流幅值pulse current amplitude基值电流background level脉冲频率pulse frequency脉冲焊接电流占空比duty cycle of pulse duration电弧电压arc voltage再引弧电压reignition voltage焊接速度welding speed行走速度rate of travel/travel speed送丝速度wire feed rate线能量heat input/energy input热输入heat input预热preheat后热postheat焊后热处理posweld heat treatment/postheat treatment预热温度preheat temperature层间温度interpass temperature焊接终了温度finishing temperature后热温度postheating temperature焊丝伸出长度wire extension弧长arc length熔化速度melting rate熔化时间melting time熔化系数melting coefficient熔敷速度rate of deposition/deposition rate熔敷系数deposition coefficient熔敷效率deposition efficiency损失系数loss coefficient飞spatter飞溅率spatter loss coefficient融合比fusion ratio稀释dilution稀释率rate of dilution合金过度系数transfer efficiency/recovery (of an element)坡口groove坡口面groove face坡口面角度angle of bevel (英国)/ bevel angle (美国)坡口角度included angle(英国)/groove angle(美国)坡口高度groove depth钝边root face钝边高度thickness of root face/width of root face根部间隙root gap(英国)/root opening (美国)根部半径root radius/groove radius根部锐边root edge卷边高度height of flange卷边半径radius of flange单面坡口single groove双面坡口double groove坡口形式groove typeI形坡口square grooveV形坡口single V grooveY形坡口single V groove with root face带钝边U形坡口single U groove带钝边双U形坡口double U grooveVY形坡口single compound angle groove带钝边J形坡口single J groove带钝边双J形坡口double J groove单边V形坡口single bevel groove双V形坡口double V groove不对称双V形坡口 asymmetric double V groove双单边V形坡口 double bevel groove/K groove带垫板V形坡口 V groove with backing/ single V groove with backing 喇叭形坡口flare groove锁底坡口single bevel groove with backing locked坡形板边 tapered edge焊缝 weld接逢 seam焊缝符号 welding symbol焊缝金属 weld metal填充金属 filler metal熔敷金属 deposited metal焊缝表面weld face/ face of weld焊缝背面 back of weld焊缝轴线axis of weld焊缝尺寸 size of weld焊缝宽度weld width/ width of weld焊缝长度 weld length/ length of weld焊缝有效长度 effective length of weld 焊缝厚度 throat depth/ throat thickness 焊缝计算厚度theoretical throat焊缝实际厚度actual throat熔深penetration/ depth of penetration 焊缝成形appearance of weld焊缝成形系数form factor of weld余高 reinforcement/ excess weld metal 背面余高root reinforcement削平焊缝flush weld/ weld machined flush 对接焊缝butt weld角焊缝fillet焊脚leg/ fillet weld leg角焊缝断面形状profile of fillet weld平形角焊缝flat fillet凸形角焊缝convex fillet weld凹形角焊缝concave fillet weld角焊缝凹度concavity侧面角焊缝side fillet weld/ fillet weld in parallel shear 正面角焊缝front fillet weld/ fillet weld in normal shear 立角焊缝fillet weld in the vertical position横角焊缝fillet weld in the horizontal position平角焊缝fillet weld in the flat position斜角焊缝oblique fillet weld连续焊缝continuous weld断续焊缝intermittent weld连续角焊缝continuous fillet weld断续角焊缝intermittent fillet weld交错断续角焊缝staggered intermittent fillet weld并列断续角焊缝chain intermittent fillet weld端接焊缝edge weld卷边焊缝flanged edge weld塞焊焊缝plug weld纵向焊缝longitudinal weld横向焊缝transverse weld环行焊缝girth weld/ circumferential weld螺旋形焊缝spiral weld/ helical weld密封焊缝seal weld承载焊缝strength weld联系焊缝connective weld定位焊缝tack weld焊道bead/ run/ pass焊波ripple焊根weld root/ root of weld焊趾weld toe/ toe封底焊道sealing run (after making main weld)/ back weld打底焊道backing weld (before making main weld)/ back weld根部焊道root pass/ root run填充焊道filling bead盖面焊道cosmetic bead/ cover pass回火焊道temper bead/ annealing bead熔透焊道penetration bead焊层 layer焊接接头welded joint接头形状joint geometry等强匹配接头equalmatching weld joint低强匹配接头undermatching weld joint超强匹配接头overmatching weld joint接头根部root of joint对接接头butt jointI形对接接头square butt jointV形对接接头single V butt jointU形对接接头single U butt jointJ形坡口接头single J butt joint双V形对接接头double V butt joint双单边V形对接接头double bevel butt joint/ K groove butt joint 带钝边U形对接接头double U butt joint带钝边J形坡口接头double J joint角接接头corner jointT形接头T joint斜T形接头inclined T joint十字接头cruciform joint/ cross-shaped joint三联接头joint among three members搭接接头lap joint套管接头muff joint/ sleeve joint双盖板接头double strapped joint盖板接头strapped joint端接接头edge joint卷边接头flanged edge joint锁底对接接头lock butt joint斜对接接头oblique butt joint混合接头mixed joint/ composite joint有间隙接头open joint无间隙接头closed joint焊接电弧welding arc电弧形态arc shape电弧物理行为arc physics behaviour引弧striking arc引弧电压striking voltage电弧气氛arc atmosphere阴极cathode热阴极hot cathode冷阴极cold cathode阴极斑点cathode spot阴极区cathode region阴极区电场强度intensity of the electric field in the cathode region 阴极压降cathode drop阳极anode阳极斑点anode spot斑点压力spot pressure阳极区anode region阳极区电场强度intensity of the electric field in the anode region 阳极压降anode drop弧柱arc column/ arc stream弧柱压降voltage drop in arc column弧柱电位梯度potential gradient in the arc column弧焰arc flame弧心arc core硬电弧forceful arc/ hard arc软电弧soft arc旋转电弧rotating arc脉冲电弧pulsed arc脉冲喷射电弧pulsed spray arc起皱现象puckering phenomena起皱电弧puckering arc起皱临界电流 puckering critical current间接电弧 indirect arc压缩电弧 compressive arc磁控电弧 magnetic controlling arc电弧力 arc force电磁力 electromagnectic force电磁收缩效应 pinch effect电弧飘移 wandering of arc电弧稳定性 arc stability电弧静特性 static characteristic of arc电弧动特性 dynamic characteristic of arc最小电压原理 principle of minimum voltage 电弧挺度arc stiffness电弧偏吹 arc blow磁偏吹 magnetic blow阴极清理作用 cleaning action of the cathode 电弧自身调节 arc self-regulation挖掘作用 digging action极性效应 polarity effect熔滴 droplet熔滴比表面积 specific surface of droplet熔滴过渡metal transfer过度频率 transition frequency粗滴过渡globular transfer; drop transfer短路过渡short circuiting transfer喷射过渡spray transfer旋转喷射过渡 rotating spray transfer脉冲喷射过渡 pulsed spray transfer爆炸过渡 explosive transfer渣壁过渡 flux wall guided transfer熔池 molten pool沸腾状熔池 boiling molten pool弧坑crater熔渣slag渣系 slag system渣系相图 slag system diagram碱性渣 basic slag酸性渣 acid slag碱度 basicity酸度 acidity长渣 long slag短渣 short slag粘性熔渣 viscous slag氧化物型熔渣 oxide melting slag盐型熔渣 salt melting slag盐-氧化物型熔渣 salt-oxide melting slag熔渣流动性 fluidity of the slag; slag fluidity熔渣solidified slag多孔焊渣 porous slag玻璃状焊渣 vitreous slag自动脱落焊渣 self-releasing slag脱渣性 slag detachability电焊机 electric welding machine; electric welder焊接电源 welding power source焊接热循环 weld thermal cycle焊接温度场 field of weld temperature; weld temperature field 准稳定温度场 quasi-stationary temperature field焊接热源 welding heat source点热源 point heat source线热源 linear heat source面热源 plane heat source瞬时集中热源 instantaneous concentration heat source热效率 thermal efficiency热能集中系数 coefficient of heat flow concentration峰值温度 peak temperature瞬时冷却速度 momentary cooling rate冷却时间 cooling time置换氧化 substitutionary oxydation扩散氧化 diffusible oxydation脱氧 desoxydation先期脱氧 precedent desoxydation扩散脱氧 diffusible desoxydation沉淀脱氧 precipitation desoxydation扩散氢 diffusible hydrogen初始扩散氢 initial diffusible hydrogen100℃残余扩散氢 diffusible hydrogen remained at 残余氢 residual hydrogen去氢 dehydrogenation去氢热处理 heat treatment for dehydrogenation 脱硫 desulphurization脱磷 dephosphorization渗合金 alloying微量合金化 microalloying一次结晶组织 primary solidification structure 二次结晶组织 secondary solidification structure 联生结晶 epitaxial solidification焊缝结晶形态 solidification mode in weld-bead 结晶层状线 ripple多边化边界 polygonization boundary结晶平均线速度 mean solidification rate针状铁素体 acicular ferrite条状铁素体 lath ferrite侧板条铁素体 ferrite side-plate晶界欣素体 grain boundary ferrite; polygonal ferrite; pro-entectoid ferrite 粒状贝氏体 granular bainite板条马氏体 lath martensite过热组织 overheated structure冷裂判据 criterion of cold cracking冷裂敏感系数 cold cracking susceptibity coefficient脆性温度区间 brittle temperature range氢脆 hydrogen embrittlement层状偏析 lamellar segregation愈合 healing effect断口金相fractography断口 fracture延性断口 ductile fracture韧窝断口dimple fracture脆性断口 brittle fracture解理断口 cleavage fracture准解理断口 quasi-cleavage fracture氢致准解理断口 hydrogen-embrittlement induced沿晶断口 intergranular fracture穿晶断口 transgranular fracture疲劳断口 fatigue fracture滑移面断口 glide plane fracture断口形貌 fracture apperance断口试验 fracture test宏观断口分析 macrofractography放射区 radical zone纤维区 fibrous zone剪切唇区 shear lip aone焊接性weldability使用焊接性 service weldability工艺焊接性 fabrication weldability冶金焊接性 metallurgical weldability热焊接性 thermal weldability母材 base metal; parent metal焊接区 weld zone焊态 as-welded (AW)母材熔化区 fusion zone半熔化区 partial melting region未混合区 unmixed zone熔合区 bond area熔合线 weld junction (英)；bond line (美)热影响区 heat-affected zone (HAZ)过热区 overheated zone粗晶区 coarse grained region细晶区 fine grained region硬化区 hardened zone碳当量 carbon equivalent铬当量 chromium equivalent镍当量 nickel equivalent舍夫勒组织图 Schaeffler’s diagram德龙组织图 Delong’s diagram连续冷却转变图（CCT图）continuous cooling transformation裂纹敏感性 cracking sensibility焊接裂纹 weld crack焊缝裂纹 weld metal crack焊道裂纹 bead crack弧坑裂纹crater crack热影响区裂纹 heat-affected zone crack纵向裂纹 longitudinal crack横向裂纹 transverse crack微裂纹 micro-crack; micro-fissure热裂纹 hot crack凝固裂纹 solidification crack晶间裂纹 intercrystalline crack穿晶裂纹 transcrystalline crack多边化裂纹 polygonization crack液化裂纹 liquation crack失延裂纹 ductility-dip crack冷裂纹 cold crack延迟裂纹 delayed crack氢致裂纹 hydrogen-induced crack焊道下裂纹 underbead crack焊根裂纹 root crack焊趾裂纹 toe crack锯齿形裂纹 chevron cracking消除应力处理裂纹 stress relief annealing crack (SR crack)焊缝晶间腐蚀 weld intercryctalline corrosion刀状腐蚀 knife line attack敏化区腐蚀 weld decay层状撕裂 lamellar tearing焊接性试验 weldability裂纹试验 cracking testIIW裂纹试验 IIW cracking testY形坡口裂纹试验 slit type cracking test分块形槽热裂纹试验 segmented circular groove cracking testH形裂纹试验 H-type cracking test鱼骨形裂纹试验 fishbone cracking test指形裂纹试验 finger (cracking) testT形裂纹试验 Tee type cracking test环形槽裂纹试验 circular-groove cracking test可调拘束裂纹试验 varestraint testBWRA奥氏体钢裂纹试验 BWRA cracking test for austenitie steel圆棒裂纹试验 bar type cracking test; round bar cracking test里海裂纹试验 Lehigh restraint cracking test圆形镶块裂纹试验 circular-path cracking test十字接头裂纹试验 cruciform cracking testZ向窗口拘束裂纹试验 Z-direction window type restraint cracking test G-BOP焊缝金属裂纹试验 G-BOP weld metal crack test巴特尔焊道下裂纹试验 Battelle type underbead cracking testU形拉伸试验 U-tension test缪雷克期热裂纹试验 Murex hot cracking test菲斯柯裂纹试验 FISCO (type) cracking testCTS裂纹试验 controlled thermal severity拉伸拘束裂纹试验（TRC试验）tensile restraint cracking test刚性拘束裂纹试验（RRC试验）rigid restraint cracking test插销试验 implant test柯麦雷尔弯曲试验 Kommerell bead bend test肯泽尔弯曲试验 Kinzel test缺口弯曲试验 notch bend test热朔性试验 hot-ductility test热影响区冲击试验 impact test of HAZ热影响区模拟试验 synthetic heat-affected zone test最高硬度试验 maximum hardness test落锤试验 NRL (Naval Research Laboratory)测氢试验 Hydrogen test焊接材料welding consumables电极electrode熔化电极consumable electrode不熔化电极nonconsumable electrode钨电极tungsten electrode焊丝welding wire. Welding rod实心焊丝solid wire渡铜焊丝copper-plating welding wire自保护焊丝self-shielded welding wire药芯焊丝flux-cored wire复合焊丝combined wire堆焊焊丝surfacing welding rod填充焊丝filler wire焊条electrode/ covered electrode焊芯core wire药皮coating (of an electrode)/ covering (of an electrode)涂料coating flux/coating material造气剂gas forming constituents造渣剂slag forming constituents合金剂alloying constituent脱氧剂dioxidizer粘接剂binder水玻璃water glass水玻璃模数modules of water glass酸性焊条acid electrode高钛型焊条high titania (type) electrode钛钙型焊条lime titania type electrode钛铁矿形焊条ilmenite type electrode氧化铁型焊条iron oxide type electrode/ high iron oxide type electrode高纤维素型焊条high cellulose (type) electrode石墨型焊条graphite type electrode碱性焊条basic electrode/ lime type covered electrode低氢型焊条low hydrogen type electrode高韧性超低氢焊条high toughness super low hydrogen electrode奥氏体焊条austenitic electrode铁素体焊条ferritic electrode不锈钢焊条stainless steel electrode珠光体耐热钢焊条pearlitic heat resistant steel electrode低温钢焊条low temperature steel electrode/ steel electrode for low temperature 铝合金焊条aluminum alloy arc welding electrode铜合金焊条copper-alloy arc welding electrode铜芯铸铁焊条cast iron electrode with steel core纯镍铸铁焊条pure nickel cast iron electrode球墨铸铁焊条electrode for welding spheroidal graphite cast iron铸芯焊条electrode with cast core wire镍基合金焊条nickel base alloy covered electrode蒙乃尔焊条Monel electrode纯铁焊条pure iron electrode渗铝钢焊条alumetized steel electrode高效率焊条high efficiency electrode铁粉焊条iron powder electrode底层焊条backing welding electrode深熔焊条deep penetration electrode重力焊条gravity electrode立向下焊条electrode for vertical down position welding节能焊条saving energy electrode水下焊条underwater welding electrode耐海水腐蚀焊条seawater corrosion resistant steel electrode低尘低毒焊条low-fume and harmfulless electrode/low-fume and low-toxic electrode堆焊焊条surfacing electrode耐磨堆焊焊条hardfacing electrode钴基合金堆焊焊条cobalt base alloy surfacing electrode碳化钨堆焊焊条tungsten carbide surfacing electrode高锰钢堆焊焊条high manganese steel surfacing electrode双芯焊条twin electrode绞合焊条stranded electrode编织焊条braided electrode双层药皮焊条double coated electrode管状焊条flux-cored electrode气渣联合保护型药皮semi-volatile covering焊条工艺性usability of the electrode/ technicality of the electrode焊条使用性running characteristics of an electrode/ operating characteristics of anelectrode焊条熔化性melting characteristics of an electrode焊条偏心度eccentricity (of an electrode)药皮重量系数gravity coefficient of coating焊条药皮含水量percentage of moisture for covering焊条夹吃持端bare terminal (of an electrode)焊条引弧端striking end (of an elcetrode)焊剂welding flux/ flux熔炼焊剂fused flux粘结焊剂bonded flux烧结焊剂sintered flux/ agglomerated flux窄间隙埋弧焊焊剂flux for narrow-gap submerged arc welding 低氢型焊剂low hydrogen type flux高速焊剂high speed welding flux无氧焊剂oxygen-free flux低毒焊剂low poison flux磁性焊剂magnetic flux电弧焊 arc welding直流电弧焊 direct current arc welding交流电弧焊 alternating current arc welding三相电弧焊 three phase arc welding熔化电弧焊 arc welding with consumable金属极电弧焊 metal arc welding不熔化极电弧焊 arc welding with nonconsumable碳弧焊 carbon arc welding明弧焊 open arc welding焊条电弧焊 shielded metal arc welding (SMAW)重力焊gravity welding躺焊 fire cracker welding电弧堆焊 arc surfacing自动堆焊 automatic surfacing带极堆焊 surfacing with band-electrode振动电弧堆焊 vibratory arc surfacing耐磨堆焊 hardfacing埋弧焊 submerged arc welding (SAW)多丝埋弧焊multiple wire submerged arc welding纵列多丝埋弧焊 Tandem sequence (submerged-arc welding)横列多丝埋弧焊 series submerged arc welding (SAW-S)横列双丝并联埋弧焊 transverse submerged arc welding热丝埋弧焊 hot wire submerged-arc welding窄间隙埋弧焊 narrow-gap submerged arc welding弧压反馈电弧焊 arc voltage feedback controlling arc welding 自调节电弧焊 self-adjusting arc welding适应控制焊接 adaptive control welding焊剂层 burden; flux layer气体保护电弧焊 gas shielded arc welding保护气体 protective atmosphere惰性气体 inert-gas活性气体 active-gas惰性气体保护焊 inert-gas (arc) welding氩弧焊 argon arc welding熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊 metal inert-gas arc welding钨极氢弧焊 argon tungsten arc welding脉冲氢弧焊 pulsed argon arc welding熔化极脉冲氢弧焊 argon metal pulsed arc welding钨极脉冲氢弧焊 argon tungsten pulsed arc welding热丝MIG焊 hot wire MIG welding热丝TIG焊 hot wire TIG welding氨弧焊 helium-arc welding活性气体保护电弧焊 metal active-gas arc welding混合气体保护电弧焊 mixed gas arc welding二氧化碳气体保护电弧焊 carbon-dioxide arc welding; CO2 arc welding 细丝CO2焊 CO2 arc welding with thin wire粗丝CO2焊 CO2 arc welding with thick wire磁性焊剂CO2焊 unionarc welding药芯焊丝CO2焊 arcos arc process; dual shield arc welding气电立焊 electrogas (arc) welding氮弧焊 nitrogen-arc welding水蒸气保护电弧焊 water vapour arc welding原子氢焊 atomic hydrogen welding冲器室中电弧焊 controlled atmosphere arc welding旋转电弧焊 rotating arc welding短路过渡电弧焊 short circuiting arc welding焊丝横摆频率 weaving speed of wire焊丝停摆时间 electrode keep time of slider等离子弧焊 plasma arc welding (PAW)等离子弧 plasma arc等离子流 plasma jet转移弧 transferred arc非转移弧 nontransferred arc联合型等离子弧 combined plasma arc主弧 main arc维弧 pilot arc维弧电流 pilot arc surrent双弧临界电流 critical current of double arcing等离子弧焊枪 plasma (welding) torch压缩喷嘴 constricting nozzle单孔喷嘴 single port nozzle多孔喷嘴 multiport nozzle压缩喷嘴孔径 orifice diameter孔道长度 orifice throat length孔道比 orifice throat ratio等离子气 plasma gas; orifice gas电极内缩长度 electrode setback小孔效应 keyhole effect小孔型等离子弧焊 keyhole-mode welding熔透型等离子弧焊 fusion type plasma arc welding大电流等离子弧焊 high-current plasma arc welding中电流等离子弧焊 intermediate-current plasma arc welding 小电流等离子弧焊 low-current plasma arc welding微束等离子弧焊 micro-plasma arc welding交流等离子弧焊 AC plasma arc welding脉冲等离子弧焊 pulsed plasma arc welding等离子弧堆焊plasma arc surfacing热丝等离子弧堆焊 hot wire plasma arc surfacing粉末等离子弧堆焊 plasma arc powder surfacing等离子-熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊 plasma MIG welding转移弧电源 transferred arc power supply非转移弧电源 nontransferred arc power supply电弧焊设备 arc welding equipment电弧焊机 arc welding machine直流弧焊机 DC arc welding machine交流弧焊机 AC arc welding machine交直流两用弧焊机 AC/DC arc welding machine单站弧焊机 single operator arc welding machine多站弧焊机 multi-operator arc welding set固定式弧焊机 stationary arc welding machine移动式弧焊机 portable arc welding machine台式弧焊机 bench arc welding machine内燃机驱动式弧焊机 combustion engine driven arc welding set电动机驱动式弧焊机 motor driven arc welding set熔化极弧焊机 arc welding machine using a consumable electrode不熔化极弧焊机 arc welding machine using a non-consumable electrode 脉冲弧焊机 pulsed arc welding machine气体保护弧焊机 gas shielded arc welding machine氩弧焊机 argon arc welding machine钨极惰性气体保护弧焊机 tungsten inert-gas welding machine熔化仍惰性气体保护弧焊机 metal inert-gas welding machine气电立焊机 electrogas (arc) welding machine等离子弧焊机 plasma arc welding machine微束等离子弧焊机 micro-plasma welding equipment原子氢焊机 atomic hydrogen welding apparatus埋弧焊机 submerged arc welding machine弧焊电源 arc welding power source直流弧焊电源 DC arc welding power source交流弧焊电源 AC arc welding power source交直流两用弧焊电源 AC/DC arc welding power source脉冲弧焊电源 pulsed arc welding power source上升特性弧焊电源 rising characteristic arc welding power source平特性弧焊电源 constant –voltage arc welding power source下降特性弧焊电源 dropping characteristic arc welding power source垂降特性弧焊电源 constant-current arc welding power source多特性弧焊电源 slope-controlled arc welding power source逆变式焊接电源 inverter welding power source晶体管弧焊电源 transistor arc welding power source电源动特性 dynamic characteristic电源外特性 external characteristic弧焊变压器 arc welding transformer弧焊整流器 arc welding rectifier硅弧焊整流器 silicon arc welding rectifier晶闸管弧焊整流器 SCR arc welding rectifier; arc welding silicon controlled rectifier脉冲弧焊整流器 pulsed arc welding rectifier弧焊发电机 arc welding generator焊车 welding tractor焊接机头 welding head行走机构 traveller送丝机构 wire feeder等速送丝方式 constant wire-feed system变速送丝方式 alternate wire-feed system跟踪装置tracer焊丝盘 wire reel焊钳 electrode holder焊枪 welding gun电极夹 electrode holder导电嘴 tip; contact tube喷嘴 nozzle焊剂漏斗 flux-hopper高频振荡器 oscillator; HF unit脉冲引弧器 pulsed arc starter; surge injector脉冲稳弧器 pulsed arc stabilizer脉冲激弧器 pulsed arc exciter输出电抗器 out put reactor镇定变阻器 ballast rheostat直流分量抑制器 direct current suppressor焊接回路 welding circuit额定焊接电流 rated welding current焊接电流调节范围 range of welding current regulation 空载电压 open circuit voltage(no load voltage)约定负载电压 conventional load voltage额定负载持续率 rated duty cycle; standard service手工弧焊机 manual arc welding machine电焊渣 electroslag welding (ESW)手工电渣焊 manual electroslag welding丝极电渣焊 electroslag welding with wire electrode板极电渣焊 electroslag welding with plate electrode 熔嘴电渣焊 electroslag welding with consumable nozzle 管极电渣焊 electroslag welding with tube electrode窄间隙电渣焊 narrow-gap electroslag welding电渣堆焊 electroslag surfacing电渣焊机 electrosalg welding machine熔嘴 consumable nozzle; consumable wire钢档板 steel shoe (192页)钢冷却板 Cu-cooling plate铜滑板copper shoe渣池slag bath渣池深度depth of slag bath渣池电压voltage of slag bath电渣过程稳定性electroslag process stability焊丝间距distance between welding wires电子束焊electron beam welding (EBW)脉冲电子束焊pulsed electron beam welding加速电压acceleration voltage/ operating voltage电子束电流beam current电子束功率beam power电子束功率密度beam power density焦点focal spot焦距focal length工作距离work distance电子束焊机electron beam welding machine高真空电子束焊机full vacuum electron beam welder低真空电子束焊机partial vacuum electron beam welder 非真空电子束焊机nonvacuum electron beam welder真空度vacuum电子枪electron gun二极电子枪diode gun三极电子枪triode gun偏压电极bias electrode电磁透镜electromagnetic lens电子束偏转线圈electron beam deflection coils激光焊laser welding/ laser beam welding连续激光焊continuous laser welding脉冲激光焊impulsed laser welding激光焊机laser welding equipment气体激光器gas laser固体激光器solid laser焦斑直径focussed diameter of the beam离焦量clearance between focal point and (plate) surface 焊缝深宽比weld seam depth-to-width ratio气焊gas welding氧乙炔焊 oxy-acetylene welding氢氧焊 oxy-hydrogen welding空气乙炔焊 air-acetylene welding氧乙炔焊 oxy-acetylene flame氢氧焰 oxy-hydrogen flame氧煤气焰 oxy-coal gas flame焊接火焰 welding flame混合比 mixing ratio混合气体可燃范围 inflammable limit of the gaseous一次燃烧 primary combustion二次燃烧 secondary combustion燃烧速度 combustion rate燃烧强度 combustion intensity火焰热效率 flame heating efficiency焰芯 inner cone; flame cone内焰 internal flame外焰 flame envelope中性焰 neutral flame氧化焰 oxidizing flame碳化焰 carburizing flame回火 flashback逆火 backfire回烧 flashback气体发生速度 gasification speed焊炬 torch; blow pipe等压式焊炬 balanced pressure torch射吸式焊炬 injector torch氧乙炔焊炬 oxy-acetylene torch焊割两用炬 combined cutting and welding torch 混合室 mixing chamber喷射器 injector焊嘴 welding nozzle; welding tip液氧气化器 oxygen evaporator气瓶 gas cylinder乙炔瓶 acetylene cylinder阀罩 cylinder cap气瓶阀 cylinder valve汇流排 cylinder manifold减压器 pressure regulator; gas regulator单级减压器 single stage regulator两级减压器 two stage regulator回火防止器 flashback arrestor干式回火防止器 dry flashback arrestor水封式回火防止器 water-closing type arrestor净化器 purifier乙炔发生器 acetylene generator低压乙炔发生器 low pressure acetylene generator热剂补焊 thermit repair welding钢轨热剂焊 thermit rail welding热剂 thermit powder热剂钢水 thermit steel热剂反应 thermit reaction热剂溶渣 thermit slag热剂铸模 thermit mold; mold for thermit weld热剂坩埚 thermit crucible焊筋 collar水下焊 underwater welding水下气体保护电弧焊 underwater gas shielded arc welding水下等离子弧焊 underwater plasma arc welding温式水下焊wet method underwater welding干式水下焊 dry method underwater welding局部干式水下焊 local dry underwater welding水帘局部干式水下焊 water curtain type dry underwater welding 电阻焊 resistance welding (RW)点焊 spot welding; resistance spot welding凸焊 projection welding缝焊 seam welding滚点焊 roll-spot welding连续点焊 stitch welding多点焊 multiple spot welding手压点焊 push welding; poke welding脉冲点焊 pulsation spot welding; multiple-impulse welding 双面点焊 direct spot welding单面点焊 indirect spot welding串联点焊 series spot welding多点凸焊multiple projection welding频道进缝焊 step-by-step seam welding压平缝焊 mash seam welding串联缝焊 series seam welding对接缝焊 butt seam welding; foil-butt seam电阻对焊 upset butt welding闪光对焊 flash butt welding (FBW)储能焊 stored energy welding电容储能点焊 condenser discharge spot welding高频电阻焊 high frequency resistance welding冲击电阻焊 percussion welding胶接点焊 spot weld-bonding; weld-bonding闪光 flashing; flash过梁 bridge; lintel顶锻 upsetting; upset夹紧力 clamping force顶锻力 upsetting force; upset force电极压力 electrode force; electrode pressure电极滑移 electrode skid焊接循环 welding cycle预压时间 squeeze time锻压时间 forge-delay time; forge time焊接通电时间（电阻焊）welding time (resistance welding)预热时间 preheat time加热时间 heat time冷却时间 cool time间歇时间 quench time; chill time回火时间 temper time维持时间 hold time休止时间 off time闪光时间flash time; flashing time顶锻时间 upset time; upsetting time有电顶锻时间 upset current time无电顶锻时间 upset current-off time闪光速度 flashing speed闪光电流 flashing current; flash current顶锻电流 upset current预热电流 preheat current回火电流 temper current调伸长度 initial overhange; extension闪光留量 flash allowance顶锻留量 upset allowance顶锻速度 upset speed电极接触面 electrode contact surface贴合面 faying surface焊点 welding spot熔核 nugget熔核直径 diameter of nugget。
焊接模拟专业软件SYSWELD中文终极教程
焊接部分（使用软件版本visual-mesh6.1，sysweld2010，pam-assembly2009，weld-planner2009）一、软件安装说明软件包括visual-mesh6.1，sysweld2010，pam-assembly2009，weld-planner2009，其中pam-assembly2009，weld-planner2009统一叫做WeldingDE09，安装基本相同，点击setup，所有选项默认，点击next按钮，直到安装完成，点击finish。
所有安装完毕后，重启计算机，在桌面上出现ESI GROUP 文件夹，所有软件的快捷方式都在此文件夹内。
二、基本流程中小件焊接过程模拟分析的步骤是CAD->网格划分(Visual-mesh)->热源校核(sysweld软件中的Heat Input Fitting)->焊接向导(sysweld软件中的welding wizrad)->求解(sysweld slover)->后处理观察结果(sysweld)网格网格划分是有限元必需的步骤。
Sysweld的网格划分工具采用visual-mesh。
版本使用的是6.1Visual –mesh界面见下图对于形状简单的零件，可以在visual-mesh里面直接建立模型，进行网格划分，对于复杂的图形，需要先在CAD画图软件中画出零件的3维几何图形，然后导入visual-mesh软件进行网格划分。
Visual-mesh的菜单命令中的Curve，Surface，Volume，Node是用来创建几何体的命令，接下来的1D,2D,3D是用来创建1维，2维，3维网格的命令。
对于一个简单的焊接零件，网格创建的步骤为：●建立节点nodes●生成面surface●网格生成a)生成2D mesh 用于生成3D网格b)拉伸3D mesh 用于定义材料赋值及焊接计算c)提取2D mesh表面网格用于定义表面和空气热交换d)生成1D 焊接线，参考线用于描述热源轨迹●添加网格组a)开始点，结束点，开始单元用于描述热源轨迹b)装夹点用于定义焊接过程中的装夹条件下面以T型焊缝网格划分为例，说明visual-mesh的具体用法，常用快捷键说明：按住A移动鼠标或者按住鼠标中键，旋转目标；按住S移动鼠标，平移目标；按住D移动鼠标，即为缩放；按F键(Fit)，全屏显示；选中目标，按H键(Hide)，隐藏目标；选中目标，按L键(Locate)，隐藏其他只显示所选并全屏显示；Shift+A，选中显示的全部内容；鼠标可以框选或者点选目标，按住Shift键为反选；在任务进行中，鼠标中键一般为下一步或者确认。
sysweld多道焊焊接设置1
The mesh should have the following specifications:
C1_3D C2_3D BEAD SKIN WELD_TRAJ (Two 1D Elements) WELD_REF ( Two 1D Elements) WELD_START_NODES (Two Nodes) WELD_STOP_NODES (Two Nodes) WELD_START_ELEMS ( Two 1D Elements) Group of nodes for Clamping conditions (Optional)
Copyright © ESI Group, 2006. All rights
Y. Gooroochurn (San) 9
MESH3: Specification Multipass Welding Analysis
WELD_TRAJ
WELD_STOP_NODES WELD_START_ELEMS
1 Mesh is required for the Multipass Welding itself
Copyright © ESI Group, 2006. All rights
Y. Gooroochurn (San) 2
MESH1: Specification
If the same process is used for all passes then only one heat input adjustment is required.
Y. Gooroochurn (San) 3
Example for HSF Mesh: MESH1
In this Example, the second pass is being used to perform the Heat Input Adjustment
焊接工艺模拟分析软件SYSWELD
船舶
焊缝总长 120 m
© UFC Corp. 2009. All rights reserved.
船舶
© UFC Corp. 2009. All rights reserved.
点焊装配变形
© UFC Corp. 2009. All rights reserved.
船舶
Tool bars
温度场
© UFC Corp. 2009. All rights reserved.
温度场对比
Q(J/smm3) 210
zs(mm) 10.33
rest(mm) 1.3
rint(mm) 0.9
re(mm) 0.49
ri(mm) 0.47
ze(mm) 8.8
zi(mm) 2.7
© UFC Corp. 2009. All rights reserved.
列车梁
9 个零件, 40 条焊缝
© UFC Corp. 2009. All rights reserved.
列车梁
9 个零件, 40 条焊缝 在普通计算机上，大概1小时 最小: -5.75 mm 最大: 4.3 mm
Z+
X+
Y+
整体变形
© UFC Corp. 2009. All rights reserved.
变形
© UFC Corp. 2009. All rights reserved.
温度场及金相
温度场
马氏体的转换
温度梯度
贝氏体的转换
© UFC Corp. 2009. All rights reserved.
应力场
热应变
塑性应变
屈服应力
应力
焊接专业英语词汇-焊接结构及工装
焊接专业英语词汇-焊接结构及工装焊接结构welded structure/ welded construction 焊件weldment焊接部件weld assembly组装件built-up member接头设计joint design焊接应力welding stress焊接瞬时应力transient welding stress焊接残余应力welding residual stress热应力thermal stress收缩应力contraction stress局部应力local stress拘束应力constraint stress固有应力inherent stress固有应变区inherent strain zone残余应力测定residual stress analysis逐层切割法Sach’s methodX射线衍射法X-ray stress analysis小孔释放法Mathar method固有应变法inherent strain method消除应力stress relieving局部消除应力local stress relieving应力重分布stress redistribution退火消除应力stress relieving by annealing温差拉伸消除应力low temperature stress relieving 机械拉伸消除应力mechanical stress relieving应力松弛stress relaxation焊接变形welding deformation焊接残余变形welding residual deformation局部变形local deformation角变形angular distortion自由变形free deformation收缩变形contraction deformation错边变形mismatching deformation挠曲变形deflection deformation波浪变形wave-like deformation火焰矫正flame straightening反变形backward deformation焊接力学welding mechanics断裂力学fracture mechanics弹塑性断裂变形elasto-plastic fracture mechanics线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics延性断裂ductile fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture应力腐蚀开裂stress corrosion cracking热应变脆化hot straining embrittlement临界裂纹尺寸critical crack size裂纹扩展速率crack propagation rate裂纹张开位移（COD）crack opening displacement拘束度restraint intensity拘束系数restraint coefficient应变速率strain rate断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factor临界应力强度因子critical stress intensity factors罗伯逊止裂试验Robertson crack arrest testESSO试验ESSO test双重拉伸试验doucle tension test韦尔斯宽板拉伸试验Well’s wide p late test帕瑞斯公式Paris formula断裂分析图fracture analysis diagram焊接车间welding shop焊接工作间welding booth焊接工位welding post/ welding station焊工welder电焊工manual arc welder气焊工gas welder焊接检验员weld inspector焊工培训welders training焊工模拟训练器trainer of synthetic weld焊工考试welder qualification test焊工合格证welder qualification/ welder qualified certification 钢板预处理steel plate pretreatment喷沙sand blast喷丸shot blast矫正straighten开坡口bevelling (of the edge)/ chanfering装配assembly/ fitting安装erect刚性固定rigid fixing装配焊接顺序sequence of fitting and welding 焊接工艺评定welding procedure qualification 焊接工艺规程welding procedure specification 焊接工艺试验welding procedure test焊接工艺卡welding procedure card工序operational sequence焊接材料消耗定额welding consumables quota 焊接工时定额welder-hour quota清渣slag removal清根back gouging/ back chipping锤击peening返修次数number of rewelding焊接工作台welding bench装焊平台welding platen电磁平台electromagnetic platen焊接翻转机welding tilter焊接变位机positioner焊接滚轮架turning rolls焊接操作机manpulator焊工升降台welder’s lifting platform焊接夹具welding jig/ fixture磁力夹紧器magnetic jig螺旋推撑器screw operated tensioning unit焊丝盘绕机welding wire coiler焊条压涂机welding electrode extrusion press 红外线加热器infra-red heater干燥箱dryer焊条保温筒thermostat for electrode流量计flow meterCO2预热器CO2 heaterCO2干燥器CO2 desiccator焊接电缆welding cable电缆夹头welding connector地线earth lead地线夹头earth clamp焊接参数记录仪welding parameter recorder 焊缝检测规weld gauge喷嘴通针tip cleaner测温笔tempil stick敲渣锤chipping hammer焊接衬垫backing/ welding backing保留垫板fusible backing/ permanent backing临时垫板temporary backing焊剂垫flux backing惰性气体衬垫inert-gas backing引弧板run-on tab/ end tab/ starting weld tab引出板run-off tab/ end tab定位板strong-back加强勒stiffener嵌条insert套环ferrule面罩helmet滤光镜片filter glass/ welding glass防护镜片cover glass/ plain glass气焊眼镜welding goggles焊接机器人welding robot点焊机器人spot welding robot弧焊机器人arc welding robot切割机器人cutting robot焊接机器人工作站welding robot station机器人运动自由degree of free for robot机器人工作空间robot working space轨迹重复精度path repeatability点位重复精度PTP repeatability焊接专家系统welding expert system焊接机器人示数welding robot play back焊接图象识别pattern recognition for welding焊接图象处理welding image processing计算机辅助焊接工艺设计computer-aided welding process programming (CAWPP) 计算机辅助焊接结构设计computer-aided design for welding structure。
SYSWELD焊接仿真入门教程
输入工作名 及注释
打 开 Welding Wizard 焊接向导
QQ2361566926
加载材料库
材料库 点击加载
加载函数库
建立节点 Nodes
Node 菜单 by XYZ locate 建立节点坐标
生成面 surface
Surface 菜单 Blend(Spline)生成面
生成 2D mesh
2D 菜单 Auto mesh Surfaces 生成 2D 网格
拉伸 3D mesh
3D 菜单 Sweep(Drag)拉伸生成 3D 网格
到目前完成了焊接模拟的前处理过程，即焊接过程的所有要素都被转化成了 可以在求解过程中能够被识别的网络，现在需要将 visual-mesh 建立的模型保存 为 Sysweld 所识别的格式，ASC 文件。命名格式为**_DATA**.ASC，其中 DATA 前面是下横杠，DATA 后面是数字，下横杠前面是自己的名称，所建模型如下图。
15
(4) 最小网格尺寸
1
(5) 最大网格尺寸
3
输入后点击Save，进行保存，生成三维网格如下图。
QQ2361566926
选择选项
3.2 加载材料数据库及函数数据库 Material DB是材料数据库的意思，这里面存储了材料的热物性参数、热力学
数据、相变参数等等。
1 材料数据 库
2 点击加载
3 默认安装 路径下的材 料库文件 welding.mat
热交换选择
热交换定义 模块
焊接方法与几种焊材的中英文对照
焊接方法与几种焊材的中英文对照自己在工作中总结出了几种焊接方法和焊材的英文名称，看大家是否用得上MIG -——-—-—--—-—--Metal Inert Gas arc welding --—---————熔化极惰性气体保护电弧焊MAG—----—-—-——-——Metal Active Gas arc welding--——-—---—熔化极活性气体气体保护电弧焊TIG —-——-——----—--Tungsten Inert Gas Welding——--———--—-—-—钨极惰性气体保护焊SAW——Submerged Arc Welding——埋弧焊其它:FCAW—-flux cored arc welding——药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW—G——gas—shielded flux cored arc welding——气保护药芯焊丝电弧焊FCW—S--self—shielded flux cored arc welding——自保护药芯焊丝电弧焊GMAW-—gas metal arc welding——熔化极气体保护电弧焊GTAW--gas tungsten arc welding—-钨极气体保护电弧焊焊材与焊接常用词汇:焊丝welding wire. Welding rod实心焊丝solid wire镀铜焊丝copper-plating welding wire 或copper-coating welding wire药芯焊丝flux—cored wire填充焊丝filler wire焊条electrode/ covered electrode酸性焊条acid electrode高钛型焊条high titania （type）electrode钛钙型焊条lime titania type electrode钛铁矿形焊条ilmenite type electrode氧化铁型焊条iron oxide type electrode/ high iron oxide type electrode高纤维素型焊条high cellulose (type）electrode石墨型焊条graphite type electrode碱性焊条basic electrode/ lime type covered electrode低氢型焊条low hydrogen type electrode高韧性超低氢焊条high toughness super low hydrogen electrode奥氏体焊条austenitic electrode铁素体焊条ferritic electrode不锈钢焊条stainless steel electrode珠光体耐热钢焊条pearlitic heat resistant steel electrode低温钢焊条low temperature steel electrode/ steel electrode for low temperature 铝合金焊条aluminum alloy arc welding electrode铜合金焊条copper-alloy arc welding electrode铜芯铸铁焊条cast iron electrode with steel core纯镍铸铁焊条pure nickel cast iron electrode球墨铸铁焊条electrode for welding spheroidal graphite cast iron铸芯焊条electrode with cast core wire镍基合金焊条nickel base alloy covered electrode渗铝钢焊条alumetized steel electrode高效率焊条high efficiency electrode铁粉焊条iron powder electrode重力焊条gravity electrode立向下焊条electrode for vertical down position welding水下焊条underwater welding electrode耐海水腐蚀焊条seawater corrosion resistant steel electrode堆焊焊条surfacing electrode耐磨堆焊焊条hardfacing electrode钴基合金堆焊焊条cobalt base alloy surfacing electrode碳化钨堆焊焊条tungsten carbide surfacing electrode高锰钢堆焊焊条high manganese steel surfacing electrode管状焊条flux—cored electrode装焊平台welding platen电磁平台electromagnetic platen焊接翻转机welding tilter焊接回转台floor turnable positioner焊接变位机positioner焊接滚轮架turning rolls焊条保温筒thermostat for electrode焊接参数welding parameter 电压Voltage激光切割laser cutting（LC); laser beam cutting电子束切割electron beam cutting喷气激光切割gas jet laser cutting碳弧切割carbon arc cutting水下切割underwater cutting喷水式水下电弧切割waterjet method underwater arc cutting氧矛切割oxygen lancing；oxygen lance cutting溶剂氧切割powder lancing手工气割manual oxygen cutting自动气割automatic oxygen cutting仿形切割shape cutting数控切割NC (numerical—control) cutting快速切割high—speed cutting垂直切割square cut叠板切割stack cutting坡口切割beveling; bevel cutting碳弧气割carbon arc air gouging火焰气刨flame gouging火焰表面清理scarfing氧熔剂表面修整powder washing预热火焰preheat flame预热氧preheat oxygen切割氧cutting oxygen/ cutting stream切割速度cutting speed切割线lone of cut/ cut line切割面face of cut/ cut face切口kerf切口上缘cutting shoulder切口宽度kerf width后拖量drag切割面平面度evenness of cutting surface/ planeness of cutting surface 割纹深度depth of cutting veins/ stria depth切割面质量quality of cut face上缘熔化度shoulder meltability/ melting degree of shoulder切口角kerf angle缺口notch挂渣adhering slag结瘤dross割炬cutting torch/ cutting blowpipe/ oxygen-fuel gas cutting torch割枪cutting gun割嘴cutting nozzle/ cutting tip快速割嘴divergent nozzle/ high-speed nozzle表面割炬gouging blowpipe水下割炬under-water cutting blowpipe水下割条electrode for under-water cutting粉剂罐powder dispenser数控切割机NC cutting machine门式切割机flame planer光电跟踪切割机photo—electric tracing cutting火焰切管机pipe flame cutting machine磁轮式气割机gas cutting machine with magnetic wheels 焊接结构welded structure/ welded construction焊件weldment焊接部件weld assembly组装件built—up member接头设计joint design焊接应力welding stress焊接瞬时应力transient welding stress焊接残余应力welding residual stress热应力thermal stress收缩应力contraction stress局部应力local stress拘束应力constraint stress固有应力inherent stress固有应变区inherent strain zone残余应力测定residual stress analysis逐层切割法Sach’s methodX射线衍射法X-ray stress analysis小孔释放法Mathar method固有应变法inherent strain method消除应力stress relieving局部消除应力local stress relieving应力重分布stress redistribution退火消除应力stress relieving by annealing温差拉伸消除应力low temperature stress relieving机械拉伸消除应力mechanical stress relieving应力松弛stress relaxation焊接变形welding deformation焊接残余变形welding residual deformation局部变形local deformation角变形angular distortion自由变形free deformation收缩变形contraction deformation错边变形mismatching deformation挠曲变形deflection deformation波浪变形wave-like deformation火焰矫正flame straightening反变形backward deformation焊接力学welding mechanics断裂力学fracture mechanics弹塑性断裂变形elasto-plastic fracture mechanics线弹性断裂力学linear elastic fracture mechanics延性断裂ductile fracture脆性断裂brittle fracture应力腐蚀开裂stress corrosion cracking热应变脆化hot straining embrittlement临界裂纹尺寸critical crack size裂纹扩展速率crack propagation rate裂纹张开位移（COD）crack opening displacement拘束度restraint intensity拘束系数restraint coefficient应变速率strain rate断裂韧度fracture toughness应力强度因子stress intensity factor临界应力强度因子critical stress intensity factors应力腐蚀临界应力强度因子critical stress intensity factor of stress corrosion cracking J积分J-integration罗伯逊止裂试验Robertson crack arrest testESSO试验ESSO test双重拉伸试验doucle tension test韦尔斯宽板拉伸试验Well’s wide plate test帕瑞斯公式Paris formula断裂分析图fracture analysis diagram焊接车间welding shop焊接工作间welding booth焊接工位welding post/ welding station焊接环境welding surroundings焊工welder电焊工manual arc welder气焊工gas welder焊接检验员weld inspector焊工培训welders training焊工模拟练习器trainer of synthetic weld焊工考试welder qualification test焊工合格证welder qualification/ welder qualified certification钢板预处理steel plate pretreatment喷沙sand blast喷丸shot blast矫正straighten开坡口bevelling （of the edge)/ chanfering装配assembly/ fitting安装erect刚性固定rigid fixing装配焊接顺序sequence of fitting and welding 焊接工艺评定welding procedure qualification 焊接工艺规程welding procedure specification 焊接工艺试验welding procedure test焊接工艺卡welding procedure card工序operational sequence焊接材料消耗定额welding consumables quota 焊接工时定额welder-hour quota清渣slag removal清根back gouging/ back chipping锤击peening返修次数number of rewelding焊接工作台welding bench装焊平台welding platen电磁平台electromagnetic platen焊接翻转机welding tilter焊接回转台floor turnable positioner焊接变位机positioner焊接滚轮架turning rolls焊接操作机manpulator焊工升降台welder's lifting platform焊接夹具welding jig/ fixture磁力夹紧器magnetic jig螺旋推撑器screw operated tensioning unit焊丝盘绕机welding wire coiler焊条压涂机welding electrode extrusion press 红外线加热器infra-red heater干燥箱dryer焊条保温筒thermostat for electrode流量计flow meterCO2预热器CO2 heaterCO2干燥器CO2 desiccator焊接电缆welding cable电缆夹头welding connector地线earth lead地线夹头earth clamp焊接参数记录仪welding parameter recorder 焊缝检测规weld gauge喷嘴通针tip cleaner测温笔tempil stick敲渣锤chipping hammer焊接衬垫backing/ welding backing保留垫板fusible backing/ permanent backing临时垫板temporary backing焊剂垫flux backing惰性气体衬垫inert-gas backing引弧板run—on tab/ end tab/ starting weld tab引出板run—off tab/ end tab定位板strong—back加强勒stiffener嵌条insert套环ferrule面罩helmet滤光镜片filter glass/ welding glass防护镜片cover glass/ plain glass气焊眼镜welding goggles焊接机器人welding robot点焊机器人spot welding robot弧焊机器人arc welding robot切割机器人cutting robot焊接机器人生产线robot line for welding焊接机器人工作站welding robot station机器人运动自由degree of free for robot机器人工作空间robot working space轨迹重复精度path repeatability点位重复精度PTP repeatability焊接专家系统welding expert system焊接机器人示数welding robot play back焊接图象识别pattern recognition for welding焊接图象处理welding image processing计算机辅助焊接工艺设计computer—aided welding process programming （CAWPP) 计算机辅助焊接结构设计computer-aided design for welding structure焊接烟尘weld fume焊接发尘量total amount of fumes焊接烟尘浓度weld fume concentration焊接烟尘容限浓度threshold limit values of weld fume (TLV)焊接发尘速率weld fume emission rate焊接有害气体welding toxic gases/ weld harmful gases标定卫生空气需要量nominal hygienic air requirement焊工尘肺pheumocomsis of welder焊工锰中毒chronic occupational manganese poisoning of welder焊工氟中毒fluorosis of welder焊工金属烟热metal fume fever of welder电光性眼炎eye-flash (arc eye)电光性皮炎electro-photo dermatitis电弧紫外线灼伤ultraviolet ray burn防电击装置voltage reducing device除尘装置dust collection device焊工手套welding gloves护脚welding spats防护鞋shielding shoes焊接欠缺welding imperfection焊接缺陷weld defect气孔blowhole/ gas pore针尖状气孔pinhole密集气孔porosity条虫状气孔wormhole裂纹crack表面裂纹surface crack咬边undercut焊瘤overlap凹坑pit烧穿burn through塌陷excessive penetration未焊透incomplete penetration/ lack of penetration未熔合lack of fusion/ incomplete fusion未焊满incompletely filled weld根部凹陷root concavity电弧擦伤arc scratch夹渣slag inclusion夹杂物inclusion夹钨tungsten inclusion白点fish eye/ flake错边misalignment/ dislocation试件test piece试样test specimen无损检验nondestructive test破坏检验destructive test外观检查visual examination超声波探伤ultrasonic inspection直射法超声波探伤straight beam method斜射法超声波探伤angle beam method液浸法超声波探伤immersion method射线探伤radiographic inspection/ radiographyX射线探伤X—ray radiographic inspectionγ射线探伤gamma-ray inspectionX射线工业电视探伤X-ray industrial television inspection 磁粉探伤magnetic particle inspection电磁探伤electromagnetic inspection/ eddy current test探伤灵敏度flaw detection sensitivity渗透探伤penetration inspection荧光探伤flurescent penetrant inspection 着色探伤dye penetrant inspection密封性检验leak test气密性检验air tight test枕形气密检验pillow test耐压检验pressure test水压检验hydraulic test气压检验pneumatic test液晶检验liquid crystal test声发射检测acoustic emission testing面弯试验face bend testing背弯试验root bend test侧弯试验side bend test横弯试验horizontal bend test纵弯试验axial bend test压扁试验squeezing test。
焊接模拟专业软件SYSWELD中文终极教程
焊接部分（使用软件版本visual-mesh6.1，sysweld2010，pam-assembly2009，weld-planner2009）一、软件安装说明软件包括visual-mesh6.1，sysweld2010，pam-assembly2009，weld-planner2009，其中pam-assembly2009，weld-planner2009统一叫做WeldingDE09，安装基本相同，点击setup，所有选项默认，点击next按钮，直到安装完成，点击finish。
所有安装完毕后，重启计算机，在桌面上出现ESI GROUP文件夹，所有软件的快捷方式都在此文件夹内。
二、基本流程中小件焊接过程模拟分析的步骤是CAD->网格划分(Visual-mesh)->热源校核(sysweld软件中的Heat Input Fitting)->焊接向导(sysweld软件中的welding wizrad)->求解(sysweld slover)->后处理观察结果(sysweld)网格网格划分是有限元必需的步骤。
Sysweld的网格划分工具采用visual-mesh。
版本使用的是6.1Visual –mesh界面见下图对于形状简单的零件，可以在visual-mesh里面直接建立模型，进行网格划分，对于复杂的图形，需要先在CAD画图软件中画出零件的3维几何图形，然后导入visual-mesh软件进行网格划分。
Visual-mesh的菜单命令中的Curve，Surface，Volume，Node是用来创建几何体的命令，接下来的1D,2D,3D是用来创建1维，2维，3维网格的命令。
对于一个简单的焊接零件，网格创建的步骤为：●建立节点nodes●生成面surface●网格生成a)生成2D mesh 用于生成3D网格b)拉伸3D mesh 用于定义材料赋值及焊接计算c)提取2D mesh表面网格用于定义表面和空气热交换d)生成1D 焊接线，参考线用于描述热源轨迹●添加网格组a)开始点，结束点，开始单元用于描述热源轨迹b)装夹点用于定义焊接过程中的装夹条件下面以T型焊缝网格划分为例，说明visual-mesh的具体用法，常用快捷键说明：按住A移动鼠标或者按住鼠标中键，旋转目标；按住S移动鼠标，平移目标；按住D移动鼠标，即为缩放；按F键(Fit)，全屏显示；选中目标，按H键(Hide)，隐藏目标；选中目标，按L键(Locate)，隐藏其他只显示所选并全屏显示；Shift+A，选中显示的全部内容；鼠标可以框选或者点选目标，按住Shift键为反选；在任务进行中，鼠标中键一般为下一步或者确认。
SYSWELD教材-04-焊接前处理部分
前处理部分为设置各项前处理参数，其中要使用前面的网格与热源校核后保存的热源函数，打开SYSWELD软件，切换到application->Welding Advisor里面选择welding wizard打开焊接向导Reference里面输入工程名，title里面为注释，可以不加加载材料库加载函数库文件加载网格，加载之前生成的网格计算类型选择材料赋值选择实体的网格组选择材料的温度场性质选择材料的应力场性质点击Add添加到下面的图框中焊接过程定义首先是轨迹线的组的定义然后选择热源函数预估熔融区长度，焊接开始时间，焊接速度，然后Add添加到下框中。
Contact适用于计算接触条件的，是可选项。
Heat exchange用于热交换，下面是定义在空气中的散热条件。
Add添加到下框中。
Clamping conditions设置装夹条件在最后一个组里面添加CCN，后面条件上输入UX UY UZ，中间用空格隔开，表示采用刚性约束，约束条件为三方向位移均固定，点击Add添加。
Loads选项可以加载力和位移或者压力，是可选项。
Solver parameters求解参数设置选择温度场及应力场求解参数文件选择应力场求解参数文件点击save，保存，不弹出错误窗口即为设置正确，前处理完成。
保存文件,生成前处理文件如下*.PRJ 工程文件*_HT.DAT 温度场参数文件*_HT_C.DAT 温度场求解命令文件*_METALLURGY.DAT 材料温度场属性文件*_MECH.DAT 应力场参数文件*_MECH_C.DAT 应力场求解参数文件*_MESH_DATA1000.ASC 网格文件完成后可以使用下面命令求解。