培根散文赏析
培根随笔论友谊原文
培根随笔论友谊原文
《培根随笔论友谊原文》是英国思想家培根所著的一篇散文,内容主要探讨友谊的真正意义以及如何去经营和维护真正的友谊关系。本文以及后来的翻译版本广为流传,成为友谊文学经典之一。
在论述友谊的真正意义时,培根认为,真正的友谊是基于相互了解和信任的,而不是单纯的利益或虚名。他说:“友谊
的原则不在于‘我乐意你为我行仁,我就乐意为你行仁’,而在
于‘基于彼此的的利益和希望达成的和谐而产生的情感,即在
于心理上的认同和忠诚’。”这句话所表达的意思就是,真正的
友谊需要建立在互相认同、理解和信任的基础上,而不是仅仅出于一时的需要或利益而产生。
培根也谈到了友谊的本质特点。他认为,友谊最大的特点在于它能够使人们从疏离和孤独中解脱出来,互相帮助、鼓励和支持。同时,友谊还能让人更好地认识自己和他人,增进自我完善和成长。他说:“友谊引领我们远离虚荣、傲慢和疏离,让我们能够感受到另一个人真正的内心,从而彼此更加了解和关心。”
另一方面,培根也探讨了如何经营和维护真正的友谊关系。他认为,要想保持一份真正的友谊,需要遵循三个重要原则:互相了解、互相信任和互相帮助。其中,互相了解是最重要的,因为只有通过了解对方,才能建立起真正的信任和互相帮助的关系。
培根在文中还强调了一个观点,那就是朋友之间需要有坦诚相待和批评的勇气。他认为,真正的朋友应该互相支持和鼓励,但也要有勇气指出对方的错误和缺点,这样才能真正地帮助朋友成长和进步。
总的来说,《培根随笔论友谊原文》这篇随笔深入探讨了友谊的本质和特点,阐述了如何建立真正的友谊关系以及如何维护和发展这样的关系。文章朴实无华,深入浅出,让人读后受益匪浅。
培根散文《OfDeath论死亡》美文阅读欣赏
培根散文《OfDeath论死亡》美文阅读欣赏
培根散文随笔集中英对照,通过阅读文学名著学语言,是掌握英语的绝佳方法。既可接触原汁原味的英语,又能享受文学之美,一举两得,何乐不为?
2 of death 论死亡
men fear death, as children fear to go in the dark: and as that natural fear in children is increased with tales, so is the other. certainly, the contemplation of death, as the wages of sin, and passage to another world, is holy and religious; but the fear of it, as a tribute due unto nature, is weak. yet in religious meditations, there is sometimes mixture of vanity, and of superstition.
成人之怕死犹如儿童之怕入暗处;儿童底天然的.恐惧因故事而增加,成人对于死的恐惧亦复如此。当然,静观死亡,以之为罪孽底工资,通往另一世界的去路者,是虔诚而且合乎宗教的;但是恐惧死亡,以之为我们对自然应纳的贡献,则是愚弱的。然而在宗教的沉思中有时亦杂有虚妄和迷信
培根《论养生》散文英译汉佳作赏析
培根《论养生》散文英译汉佳作赏析
培根《论养生》散文英译汉佳作赏析
Of Regiment of Health
论养生
There is a wisdom in this, beyond the rules of physic: a man's own observation, what he finds good of, and what he finds hurt of, is the best physic to preserve health.
养生有道,非医学底规律所能尽。一个人自己的观察,他对于何者有益何者有害于自己的知识,乃是最好的保健药品。
But it is a safer conclusion to say; this agreeth not well with me, therefore I will not continue it; than this; I fmd no offence of this, therefore I may use it. For strength of nature in youth passeth over many excesses, which are owing a man till his age. Discern of the coming on of years, and think not, to do the same things still; for age will not be defied.
但是在下断语的时候,如果说:“这个与我底身体不合,因此我要戒它”,比说:“这个好象于我没有什么害处,因此我要用它”较为安全得多。因为少壮时代底天赋的强力可以忍受许多纵欲的行为,而这些行为是等于记在账上,到了老年的时候,是要还的。留心你底年岁底增加,不要永远想做同一的事情,因为年岁是不受蔑视的。
经典散文:《论猜疑》【英】培根
经典散文:《论猜疑》【英】培根
猜疑之心犹如蝙蝠,它总是在黄昏中起飞。这种心情是迷陷人的,又是乱人心智的。它能使你陷入迷惘,混淆敌友,从而破坏人的事业。
猜疑易使君王变得暴戾,使做丈夫的产生嫉妒之心,使智者陷入重重困惑。
猜疑并非来自心灵,而是出自头脑。一个很果断的人有时也会堕入这种情感,例如享利七世便是。人间少有他那样果敢的人,但也少有他那样多疑的人。但正由于他兼备这两种气质,所以猜疑对他为害尚不大。因为当他产生了疑忌时,并不总是贸然信从这种疑忌。而对一个胆怯的庸人,这种猜疑则可能立刻阻滞他的行动。猜疑的根源产生于对事物的缺乏认识,所以多了解情况是解除猜疑心的有效办法。
其实人们又希求什么呢?
难道他们以为与他们打交道的人都应当是圣人吗?难道他们以为人应该杜绝一切为自己谋算的私心吗?
当你产生了猜疑时,你最好还是有所警惕,但又不要表露于外。
这样,当这种猜疑有道理时,你已经预作了准备而不受其害。当这种猜疑无道理时,你又可避免因此而误会了好人。
人尤其要警惕由别人流传来的猜疑,因为这很可能是一根有毒的挑拨之刺。如果可能的话,最好能对你所怀疑的对象开诚布公地谈一谈,以便由此解除或者证实你的猜疑。但是对于那卑劣的小人,这种方法是不行的。因为他们一旦发现自己正在被怀疑,就可能制造出更多的骗局来。
意大利人有一种说法:“受疑者不必忠实。”其实这是不对的,因为在受到猜疑时,人就更有必要尽力于职守,以此证明自己的确是清白和忠实的。
经典散文翻译赏析:培根《论婚姻与独身》
作为献身宗教的,是有理由保持独身的。否则他们的慈悲就先布施于家人而不是供奉于 上帝了。作为法官与师,是否独身关系并不大。因为只要他们身边有一个坏的幕僚,其进 谗言的能力就足以抵上五个妻子。作为军人,有家室则是好事,这正可以在战场上激发他 们的责任感和勇气。这一点可以从土耳其的事例中得到反证那里的风俗不重视婚姻和家 庭,结果他们士兵的斗志很差。
Chaste women are often proud and froward, as presuming upon the merit of their chastity. It is one of the best bonds, both of chastity and obedience, in the wife, if she think her husband wise; which she will never do, if she find him jealous. Wives are young men’s mistresses; companions for middle age; and old men’s nurses. So as a man may have a quarrel to marry, when he will.
Certainly wife and children are a kind of discipline of humanity; and single men, though they may be many times more charitable, because their means are less exhaust, yet, on the other side, they are more cruel and hardhearted (good to make severe inquisitors), because their tenderness is not so oft called upon. Grave natures, led by custom, and therefore constant, are commonly loving
培根经典散文阅读
培根经典散⽂阅读
弗朗西斯·培根是英国⽂艺复兴时期最重要的散⽂家、哲学家。他不但在⽂学、哲学上多有建树,在⾃然科学领域⾥,也取得了重⼤成就。他的第⼀部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后⼜逐年增补。该书⽂笔⾔简意赅、智睿夺⽬,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治⽽且还探讨许多⼈⽣哲理。下⾯店铺为⼤家带来培根经典散⽂阅读,希望⼤家喜欢!
培根经典散⽂:论嫉妒
There be none of the affections, which have been noted to fascinate or bewitch, but love, and envy. They both have vehement wishes; they frame themselves readily into imaginations, and suggestions; and they come easily into toe eye; especially upon toe presence of toe objects; which are toe points that conduce to fascination, if any such thing there be.
⼈底各种情欲之中,没有⼀种可以看出是迷⼈或魔⼈的——除了恋爱与嫉妒。这两者都有很强烈的愿望,它们很容易造出意象和观念;并且很容易进⼊眼中,尤其是当对象在场的时候,这些都是导致蛊惑之处——假设有蛊惑这种事的话。
We see likewise, toe scripture calleth envy an evil eye: and toe astrologers call toe evil influences of toe stars, evil aspects; so that still, there seemeth to be acknowledged, in toe act of envy, an ejaculation or irradiation of toe eye. Nay, some have been so curious as to note, toat toe times, when toe stroke, or percussion of an envious eye doth most hurt, are when toe party envied is beheld in glory, or triumph; for toat sets an edge upon envy; and besides, at such times, toe spirit of toe person envied do come forth most into toe outward parts, and so meet toe blow. But leaving these curiosities (though not unworthy, to be thought on, in fit place), we will handle, what persons are apt to envy others; what persons are most subject to be envied themselves; and, what is toe difference between public and private envy.
培根的《论友谊》赏析3篇
培根的《论友谊》赏析3篇
培根的《论友情》赏析1
《培根随笔》分为《论求知》、《论美》、《论善》、《论真理》、《论健康》、《论家庭》、《论友情》等多篇随笔。可以说,《培根随笔》中的随笔篇篇都是精品,篇篇都值得我们一便又一便地阅读、一便又一便地细细品味。
而其中,我最喜爱的,就要数《论美》和《论友情》两篇。我觉得,人生中最不行缺少的就是友情,所以,我特殊将这篇《论友情》读了好几遍,其中,我特殊喜爱那句:"得不到友情的人将是终身可怜的孤独者,没有友谊的社会将是一片沙漠,因此那种乐于孤独的人不是属于人而是属于兽的。'这句话将"喜爱孤独的人不是野兽便是神灵'和"一座城市犹如一片旷野'这两句谚语概括起来,而且十分之精湛,令人折服。然而他在《论友情》中的另一句话也是我们所熟识的:"假如你把欢乐告知一个朋友,你将得到两个欢乐;而假如你把忧愁向一个朋友倾吐,你将被分掉一半忧愁。'这句话将友情的真正含义描写了出来,而且使我们切身体会到,即使刚刚吵完架的朋友看到了这句话,也回不由自主地想对对方抱歉,因为友情对我们来说,真的是太重要了,然而培根又将友情的真谛描写的那么自然,无论是谁,都不会否认这两点。
古人云:读万卷书,行万里路。培根能对世上的许多事情有自己
独特的看法,并写下来让后人们一代一代传阅不是一朝一夕便可成的,也正所谓:冰冻三尺非一日之寒。我们假如想要像培根那样成为一位出名的作家的话,也要多读、多练,让自己的作品也成为作为人的一生中的"卷首语'。
友情是什么东西呢?谁也不能告知我正确的答案呢?
友情像一根丝线,把你和你的朋友联系在一起,就此你们产生了友谊。
培根随笔片段《论美》赏析
培根随笔片段《论美》赏析培根随笔片段《论美》赏析
《论美》是散文集中的一篇著名的美文。培根在文中提到:形体之美要胜
于颜色之美,而优雅行为之美又胜于形体之美。诚然,爱美是人的天性。无论
是生活在哪个年代哪个国家的人,都在追求着美。然而,当人们乐此不疲地使
用各种方法淡妆浓抹、注重衣着、讲究发型等让“美丽”布满全身时,却可曾
想到,你得到的,仅仅是瞬间的外表美,而真正能让你美丽起来的,你又得到
了多少呢?!那些衣着华丽、披金戴银,却毫无真才实学,肚里空空的人;那
些外表风度翩翩、英俊潇洒,而内心丑恶、言行令人不齿的人,他们是否真正
等到了美呢?仅有衣着,外表的美,并不是完整的美丽。
外表的美往往是肤浅、短暂的。你看红通通的苹果和可人的荔枝尽管有天
然的美貌,但过几天,她们的美貌就开始衰变,然后就会腐烂掉。我们人也一样。每个人都有过一张红润的、笑容可掬的脸,但随着时间的推移,这张脸就
慢慢地爬满了皱纹,青春的美丽不复存在。外表的美总是经不起岁月的冲洗,
经不起长久的凝视,只有内在的美才是永恒的。
很多其貌不扬的人,被认为是真正美的人。音乐家贝多芬虽只是个1.6米
的又矮又盲的人,但他的精神是如此崇高,他在人们心目中的形象是如此高大。这是因为他不断地在音乐领域努力开拓,为音乐事业奋斗一生,发出了无比强
大的个人艺术魅力。还有许许多多的外表平平甚至是丑陋的人,他们都能在平
凡的岗位上辛勤耕耘,为国家乃至全人类的共和事业贡献自己的光和热。正如
俄国文学家契诃夫所说的:“人,应该从知识、修养到风度、衣着,都是美丽
的。”世界上的很多事并不都是需要漂亮的人来做,相反许多事情的成败在于
培根随笔论友谊赏析
培根随笔论友谊赏析
培根随笔论友谊赏析【第一篇】:
《培根随笔》分为《论求知》、《论美》、《论善》、《论真理》、《论健康》、《论家庭》、《论友谊》等多篇随笔。可以说,《培根随笔》中的随笔篇篇都是精品,篇篇都值得我们一便又一便地阅读、一便又一便地细细品味。
而其中,我最喜欢的,就要数《论美》和《论友谊》两篇。我觉得,人生中最不可缺少的就是友谊,所以,我特别将这篇《论友谊》读了好几遍,其中,我特别喜欢那句:“得不到友谊的人将是终身可怜的孤独者,没有友情的社会将是一片沙漠,因此那种乐于孤独的人不是属于人而是属于兽的。”这句话将“喜欢孤独的人不是野兽便是神灵”和“一座城市如同一片旷野”这两句谚语概括起来,而且十分之精湛,令人折服。
然而他在《论友谊》中的另一句话也是我们所熟悉的:“如果你把快乐告诉一个朋友,你将得到两个快乐;而如果你把忧愁向一个朋友倾吐,你将被分掉一半忧愁。”这句话将友谊的真正含义描写了出来,而且使我们切身体会到,即使刚刚吵完架的朋友看到了这句话,也回不由自主地想对对方道歉,因为友谊对我们来说,真的是太重要了,然而培根又将友谊的真谛描写的那么自然,无论是谁,都不会否认这两点。
古人云:读万卷书,行万里路。培根能对世上的很多事情有自己独特的看法,并写下来让后人们一代一代传阅不是一朝一夕便可成的,也正所谓:冰冻三尺非一日之寒。我们如果想要像培根那样成为一位有名的作家的话,也要多读、多练,让自己的作品也成为作为人的一生中的“卷首语”。
友谊是什么东西呢?谁也不能告诉我正确的答案呢?友谊像一根丝线,把你和你的朋友联系在一起,就此你们产生了友情。
培根美文赏析-of friendship 论 友 谊
培根美文赏析-of friendship 论友谊
IT HAD been hard for him that spake it to have put more truth and untruth together in few words, than in that speech, Whatsoever is delighted in solitude, is either a wild beast or a god. For it is most true, that a natural and secret hatred, and aversation towards society, in any man, hath somewhat of the savage beast; but it is most untrue, that it should have any character at all, of the divine nature; except it proceed, not out of a pleasure in solitude, but out of a love and desire to sequester a man's self, for a higher conversation: such as is found to have been falsely and feignedly in some of the heathen; as Epimenides the Canadian, Numa the Roman, Empedocles the Sicilian, and Apollonius of Tyana; and truly and really, in divers of the ancient hermits and holy fathers of the church. But little do men perceive what solitude is, and how far it extendeth. For a crowd is not company; and faces are but a gallery of pictures; and talk but a tinkling cymbal, where there is no love. The Latin adage meeteth with it a little: Magna civitas , magna solitudo; because in a great town friends are scattered; so that there is not that fellowship, for the most part, which is in less neighborhoods. But we may go further, and affirm most truly, that it is a mere and miserable solitude to want true friends; without which the
培根《谈读书》双语散文欣赏
培根《谈读书》双语散文欣赏
读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才。接下来,小编给大家准备了培根《谈读书》双语散文欣赏,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
培根《谈读书》双语散文欣赏
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business. For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned.
读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一一判别枝节,然纵观统筹,全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。
To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly by their rules, is the humour of a scholar.
培根《论读书》赏析
培根《论读书》赏析
【作者小传】
弗兰西斯·培根(1561—1626),英国文艺复兴时期最重要的作家、哲学家,他曾就读于剑桥大学,受到了新思想的影响,后在文学和哲学上取得了不菲成就,还是近代实验科学的创始人。代表作有《论说文集》《培根随笔》和《自然界的大事》等。
【阅读指导】
本文选自《培根随笔》。《培根随笔》是英国散文的开山之作,语言简洁,文笔优美,富含哲理,在世界文坛也有较高的地位。它影响了很多国家的读者,其中不乏颇有成就的文学家和艺术家,如莎士比亚、莫泊桑等。培根在随笔中表达了个人对生活各个角度的看法和观点,不少名言警句都出自他之手,比如“知识就是力量”。
这篇文章是培根对读书意义、作用和方法的阐述,是一篇教导人们如何读书的名篇。我们学会读好书、掌握读书方法,这样才能节省自己的精力,从书中攫取更多更丰富的知识。这篇文章适合在周末闲暇的时候朗读,以此反省自己,是否时刻保持学习的态度,朗读时,语调平缓,注意节奏,边朗读,边自省。除了这篇文章,《培根随笔》的其他文章也极适合一个人朗读,可以自行找来朗读。
【原文欣赏】
读书可以给人带来快乐,也能陶冶人的情操,是最适合
独处一室的消遣。读书有助于高谈阔论时旁征博引,读书有助于处世时做出明智的判断。有的人可以通过丰富的经验对细枝末节进行分析和判断,不过,如果想要统筹全局,还是要进行系统的知识整理和归纳。
读书太慢,会让人产生惰性;太过注重语言的华丽,会显得矫情;照搬书中的条文,会给人一种食古不化的老学究形象。读书可以弥补后天的缺陷,经验是对书本知识的补充。那种生而有才的人就像是天生的花草,读书就是对它的枝枝叶叶进行修剪、嫁接;如果只知道读书,而不懂得将知识用于实践,读再多的书也于事无补。
培根的《论读书》赏析
培根的《论读书》赏析
(弗兰西斯·培根(Francis Bacon,1561年1月22日-1626年4月9日)英国著名的思想家、唯物主义哲学家和科学家。他在文艺复兴时期的巨人中被尊称为哲学史和科学史上划时代的人物。马克思称他是英国唯物主义和整个现代实验科学的真正始祖。他是第一个提出“知识就是力量”的人。)
Of Studies
STUDIES serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. (读书可以作为消遣,可以作为装饰,也可以增长才干。) Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment, and disposition of business. (孤独寂寞时,阅读可以消遣。高谈阔论时,知识可供装饰。处世行事时,知识意味着才干。)
For expert men can execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one by one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best, from those that are learned. (有实际经验的人虽能够处理个别性的事务,但若要综观整体,运筹全局,却唯有学识渊博的人方能办到。)
世界散文八大家:培根散文精选
谢谢观看
世界散文八大家:培根散文精选
海天出版社出版的书籍
01 内容简介
03 作者简介 05 序言
目录
02 图书目录 04 推荐
《世界散文八大家:培根散文精选》是2014年海天出版社出版的图书,作者是肖明翰、柳鸣九。
内容简介
《世界散文八大家:培根散文精选》主要包括两部分。第一部分收入培根《散文集》里的58篇散文,我们选 用的是曹明伦先生的译本。《世界散文八大家:培根散文精选》第二部分选用刘慧和周英两位老师的译本,包括一 篇关于谣言的散文、从《新工具论》中节选的“四假象说”、《古人的智慧》一书等内容。“四假象说”是培根 哲学思想的核心组成,而《古人的智慧》是培根运用其经验唯物主义思想解读古希腊神话,揭示古人智慧以反观 社会现实的重要著作。这些篇章不仅表现出培根深刻的思想,而且也是文笔优美的散文。其实,培根的其他著作, 如《学术之进步》和《新亚特兰蒂斯》,都包含不少思想深刻和文学价值很高的部分,是优秀的散文,很值得阅 读、欣赏和研究
推荐
《世界散文八大家:培根散文精选》为柳鸣九主编的“世界散文八大家”丛书之一,它囊括了英国作家培根的 随笔精华,内容涉及人类生活的方方面面。语言简洁,文笔优美,说理透彻,警句迭出,几百年来深受各国读者 喜爱。培根是一位经历了诸多磨难的贵族子弟,复杂多变的生活经历丰富了他的阅历,随之而来的,他的思想成 熟,言论深邃,富含哲理。
培根经典散文阅读:论友谊
培根经典散文阅读:论友谊
弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面店铺为大家带来培根经典散文阅读,希望大家喜欢!
培根经典散文阅读:论友谊
It had been hard for him that spake it, to have put more truth and untruth together in few words, than in that speech; Whosoever is delighted in solitude, is either a wild beast, or a god. For it is most true, that a natural and secret hatred, and aversion towards society, in any man, hath somewhat of the savage beast; but it is most untrue, that it should have any character at all of the divine nature; except it proceed, not out of a pleasure in solitude, but out of a love and desire to sequester a man\'s self, or a higher conversation: such as is found, to have been falsely and feignedly, in some of the heathen; as Epimenides the Candian, Numa the Roman, Empedocles the Sicilian, and Apollonius of Tyana; and truly and really, in divers of the ancient hermits, and holy fathers of the Church.
培根经典散文
培根经典散文
弗朗西斯·培根是英国文艺复兴时期最重要的散文家、哲学家。他不但在文学、哲学上多有建树,在自然科学领域里,也取得了重大成就。他的第一部重要著作《随笔》最初发表于1597年,以后又逐年增补。该书文笔言简意赅、智睿夺目,它包含许多洞察秋毫的经验之谈,其中不仅论及政治而且还探讨许多人生哲理。下面店铺为大家带来培根经典散文,希望大家喜欢!
培根经典散文:论结婚与独身
He that hath wife and children, hath given hostages to fortune; for they are impediment to great enterprises, either of virtue, or mischief. Certainly, the best works, and of greatest merit for the public, have proceeded from the unmarried or childless men; which both in affection, and means, have married and endowed the public. Yet it were great reason, that those that have children, should have greatest care of future times; unto which, they know, they must transmit their dearest pledges. Some there are, who though they lead a single life, yet their thoughts do end with themselves, and account future times impertinences. Nay, there are some other, that account wife and children but as bills of charges. Nay more, there are some foolish rich covetous men, that take a pride in having no children, because they may be thought so much the richer.
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谈读书
读书足以怡情,足以傅彩,足以长才。其怡情也,最见于独处幽居之时;其傅彩也,最见于高谈阔论之中;其长才也,最见于处世判事之际。练达之士虽能分别处理细事或一判别枝节,然纵观统筹、全局策划,则舍好学深思者莫属。读书费时过多易惰,文采藻饰太盛则矫,全凭条文断事乃学究故态。读书补天然之不足,经验又补读书之不足,盖天生才干犹如自然花草,读书然后知如何修剪移接;而书中所示,如不以经验范之,则又大而无当。有一技之长者鄙读书,无知者羡读书,唯明智之士用读书,然书并不以用处告人,用书之智不在书中,而在书外,全凭观察得之。读书时不可存心诘难作者,不可尽信书上所言,亦不可只为寻章摘句,而应推敲细思。书有可浅尝者,有可吞食者,少数则须咀嚼消化。换言之,有只须读其部分者,有只须大体涉猎者,少数则须全读,读时须全神贯注,孜孜不倦。书亦可请人代读,取其所作摘要,但只限题材较次或价值不高者,否则书经提炼犹如水经蒸馏,淡而无味矣。
读书使人充实,讨论使人机智,笔记使人准确。因此不常作笔记者须记忆特强,不常讨论者须天生聪颖,不常读书者须欺世有术,始能无知而显有知。读史使人明智,读诗使人灵秀,数学使人周密,科学使人深刻,伦理学使人庄重,逻辑修辞使人善辩;凡有所学,皆成性格。人之才智但有滞碍,无不可读适当之书使
之顺畅,一如身体百病,皆可借相宜之运动除之。滚球利睾肾,射箭利胸肺,慢步利肠胃,骑术利头脑,诸如此类。如智力不集中,可令读数学,盖演题须全神贯注,稍有分散即须重演;如不能辨异,可令读经院哲学,盖是辈皆吹毛求疵之人;如不善求同,不善以一物阐证另一物,可令读律师之案卷。如此头脑中凡有缺陷,皆有特药可医。
(王佐良译)
Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. T heir chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for or nament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of business.
For expert and execute, and perhaps judge of particulars, one b y one; but the general counsels, and the plots and marshalling of affairs, come best form those that are learned.
To spend too much time in studies is sloth; to use them too much for ornament, is affectation; to make judgement wholly b y their rules, is the humour of a scholar.
They perfect nature, and are perfected by experience: for natur
al abilities are like natural plants, that need proyning (pruning) by study; and studies themselves do give forth directions too much at large, except they be bounded in/ by experience.
Crafty men contemn studies, simple men admire them, and wis e men use them; for they teach not their own use; but that is a wisdom without them, and above them, won by observation.
Read not to contradict and confute; nor to believe and take for granted; nor to find talk and discourse; but to weigh and con sider.
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and som e few to be chewed and digested; that is, some books are to be read only in parts; others to be read, but not curiously; and some few to be read wholly, and with diligence and attention.
Some books also may be read by deputy, and extracts made of them by others; but that would be only in the less important arguments, and the meaner sort of books; else distilled books a re, like common distilled waters, flashy things.
Reading maketh a full man; conference a ready man; and writi ng an exact man. And therefore, if a man write little, he had need have a great memory; if he confer little, he had need ha ve a present wit; and if he read little, he had need have much cunning, to seem to know that he doth not.
Histories make men wise; poets witty; the mathematics subtile; natural philosophy deep; moral grave; logic and rhetoric able to contend. Abeunt studia in morse. (Studeis go to make up a man’s character.Nay there is no stand or impediment in the w it, but may be wrought out by fit studies: like as diseases of t he body may have appropriate exercises. Bowling is good for t he stone and reins; shooting for the lungs and breast; gentle w alking for the stomach ; riding for the head; and the like.
So if a man\'s wit be wandering, let him study the mathematic s; for in demonstrations, if his wit be called away never so lit tle, he must begin again. If his wit be not apt to distinguish o r find differences, let him study the schoolmen; for they are c ymini sectores. (Hair-splitters sim-mini sek-torr-es) If he be not apt to beat over matters, and to call up one thing to prove a