财务管理基础-financial-management-清华大学出版社ppt5
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CHAPTER1 An Overview of Financial Management (《财务管理基础》PPT课件)
Some actions may cause an increase in earnings, yet cause the stock price to decrease (and vice versa).
1-11
AGENCY RELATIONSHIPS
An agency relationship exists whenever a principal hires an agent to act on their behalf.
Is stock price maximization good or bad for society?
Should firms behave ethically?
1-10
IS STOCK PRICE MAXIMIZATION THE SAME AS PROFIT MAXIMIZATION?
Forecasting and planning Investment and financing decisions Coordination and control Transactions in the financial markets Managing risk
1-3
ROLE OF FINANCE IN A TYPICAL BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
1-8
CORPORATION
Advantages
Unlimited life Easy transfer of ownership Limited liability Ease of raising capital
Disadvantages
Double taxation Cost of set-up and report filing
1-11
AGENCY RELATIONSHIPS
An agency relationship exists whenever a principal hires an agent to act on their behalf.
Is stock price maximization good or bad for society?
Should firms behave ethically?
1-10
IS STOCK PRICE MAXIMIZATION THE SAME AS PROFIT MAXIMIZATION?
Forecasting and planning Investment and financing decisions Coordination and control Transactions in the financial markets Managing risk
1-3
ROLE OF FINANCE IN A TYPICAL BUSINESS ORGANIZATION
1-8
CORPORATION
Advantages
Unlimited life Easy transfer of ownership Limited liability Ease of raising capital
Disadvantages
Double taxation Cost of set-up and report filing
财务管理基础 financial management 清华大学出版社ppt1
Determine how the assets (LHS of balance sheet) will be financed (RHS of balance sheet). • What is the best type of financing? • What is the best financing mix? • What is the best dividend policy (e.g., dividend-payout ratio)? • How will the funds be physically acquired?
Profit Maximization
•
Maximizing a firm’s earnings after taxes.
Problems
•
Could increase current profits while harming firm (e.g., defer maintenance, issue common stock to buy T-bills, etc.). Ignores changes in the risk level of the firm.
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Why should I care about Financial Management ?
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Profit Maximization
•
Maximizing a firm’s earnings after taxes.
Problems
•
Could increase current profits while harming firm (e.g., defer maintenance, issue common stock to buy T-bills, etc.). Ignores changes in the risk level of the firm.
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Why should I care about Financial Management ?
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
《财务管理基础》PPT课件
20.3
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Bonds and Their Features
4. Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of issuing/buying the three different types of long-term securities from the perspective of both the issuer and investor.
Bond – A long-term debt instrument with a final maturity generally being
10 years or more.
Basic Terms
Par Value
Coupon Rate
Maturity
Bond Ratings
20.4
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
3. Explain the differences between various types of longterm securities in terms of claims on income and assets, maturities, security holders' rights, and the tax treatment of income from the securities.
财务管理基础培训课件(ppt 39张)
C. Forms of organization: The finance function may be carried out within a number of different forms of organizations: 1. Sole proprietorship. a. Single ownership. b. Simplicity of decision making. c. Low organizational and operating costs. d. Unlimited liability. e. Earnings of the proprietorship are taxed as personal earnings of the individual owner.
of Financial Management
Foundations
Part 1
Introduction
Chapter 1 The Goals And Functions of Financial Management
2
Summary
This chapter traces the evolution and interrelationships of finance as a field of study and the role of the financial manager in a dynamic economy.
13
2. Finance as a field of study has evolved over time in response to changing business management needs.
财务管理基础 financial management 清华大学出版社第13版ppt2
Chapter 2
The Business, Tax, and Financial Environments
2.1
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
The Business Environment
Corporation – A business form legally separate from its owners.
• •
An artificial entity that can own assets and incur liabilities. Business income is accounted for on the income tax form of the corporation.
Advantages
•
•
Disadvantages
• •
Limited liability
Easy transfer of ownership Unlimited life
Double taxation More difficult to establish More expensive to set up and maintain
• • •
The Business Environment
The Tax Environment
The Financial Environment
2.3
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
The Business, Tax, and Financial Environments
2.1
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
The Business Environment
Corporation – A business form legally separate from its owners.
• •
An artificial entity that can own assets and incur liabilities. Business income is accounted for on the income tax form of the corporation.
Advantages
•
•
Disadvantages
• •
Limited liability
Easy transfer of ownership Unlimited life
Double taxation More difficult to establish More expensive to set up and maintain
• • •
The Business Environment
The Tax Environment
The Financial Environment
2.3
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
财务管理基础 financial management 清华大学出版社pp14
14.12
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Variance of Year 1 Cash Flows (Proposal B)
Probability Distribution of Year 1 Cash Flows
Proposal A
0.40
Probability
0.25
0.05
–3,000
14.5
1,000
5,000
9,000
13,000
Cash Flow ($)
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Probability Distribution of Year 1 Cash Flows
Proposal B
0.40
Probability
0.25
0.05 –3,000 1,000 5,000 9,000 13,000
Cash Flow ($)
14.11 Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
财务管理(全套课件450P)
1.1.3 财务学的分类
国际上通行的另一种划分方法是把财务学分成五个分 支,即: ①公司财务学(Corporate finance) ; ②个人财务学(Personal finance); ③财政学(Public Finance); ④国际金融学(International Finance); ⑤跨国公司财务学(Multinational finance)。
缺点(3) 只重投入、不重挖潜
缺点(3) 估价不易做到 客观和准确
经营管理者
委托代 理关系 矛盾与协调
股东
委托代 理关系 矛盾与协调
债权人
1.3 财务管理的环境
1.3.1 财务管理环境的分类 1.3.2 财务管理环境的内容 1.3.3 财务管理环境对财务管理目标的影响
1.3.1 财务管理环境的分类
1.4.1 财务预测
步骤
① ② ③ ④
明确预测目标 搜集相关资料 建立预测模型 确定财务预测结果
1.4 财务管理的基本环节
1.4.1 财务预测 1.4.2 财务决策
步骤
① 确定决策目标 ② 提出备选方案 ③ 选择最优方案
1.4 财务管理的基本环节
1.4.1 财务预测 1.4.2 财务决策 1.4.3 财务预算
财 务 管 理
清华大学出版社
第1章 财务管理导论
【学习目标】
掌握财务管理的目标和财务管理的环境
熟悉财务管理目标的协调和财务管理的基本环节
了解财务管理的产生与发展历程
1.1 财务管理的产生和发展
原始社会的中期 ,第一次社会大分工 财务产生的雏形
表现①货币已转化为本金 手工业从农业中分离出来 ,第二次社会大分工 财务初步产生 表现②本金的投入与收回的不断进行, 已产生了简单的本金循环周转运动。 商人的出现 ,第三次社会大分工 财务进一步完善
清华大学财务管理课件 (1)
--cont’
☆ 其他提法: -- 产量最大化( production maximization ) -- 市场份额最大化 ( market share maximization ) ☆ 关于最大化的讨论 – 要点 你的观点如何? -- 假设的角度 -- 最大化的可实现性 -- 动态与静态目标 -- 长期与短期目标 -- 是否考虑时间价值、风险与收益关系
3. 公司治理结构 现代公司的一般组织构架
股东大会
董事会秘书
董事会 总经理或 CEO
监事会
各职能部门
生产部门
控股公司
参股公司
--cont’
图 二 : 上 市 公 司 治 理 结 构 -- 一 会 制
股东大会
董事会
专业委员会一
专业委员会二
提名委员会
行政委员会
薪酬委员会
审计委员会
特别诉讼委员会
其它委员会
--cont’
2. 财务管理与会计学 3. 财务管理与管理学 4. 财务管理与金融学 5. 财务管理与统计学
总之,学好财务管理,必须具有经济学、金融学、会 计学、统计学等学科基础;进行科学的财务决策, 必须掌握其他学科的理论与方法。
-cont’
重要参考文献
1. 张云亭.顶级财务总监—财务治理、价值管理和战 略控制.修订版.北京:中信出版社,2003 2.《中华人民共和国公司法》、《上市公司治理准 则》.中国证券监督管理委员会网站: /cn/homepage/index.jsp
第一章 财务管理导论
本章主要内容 财务管理的主要内容及特征。 主要的企业组织形式,特别是公司制企业及其特征。 现代企业财务管理的目标及相关问题。 股东与管理者之间的利益冲突、代理问题与公司控制。 现代企业的一般组织结构及其治理特征。 CFO在公司治理中的地位和职责。 企业财务管理应遵循的一般原则。 财务管理与其他学科的关系。
财务管理基础 financial management 清华大学出版社ppt12
12.7 Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Screng
• Depreciation represents the systematic allocation of the cost of a capital asset over a period of time for financial reporting purposes, tax purposes, or both. • Generally, profitable firms prefer to use an accelerated method for tax reporting purposes (MACRS).
12.4 Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
The Capital Budgeting Process
Basic characteristics of relevant project flows
• Cash (not accounting income) flows • Operating (not financing) flows
• After-tax flows
• Incremental flows
• Generate investment proposals consistent with the firm‟s strategic objectives. • Estimate after-tax incremental operating cash flows for the investment projects. • Evaluate project incremental cash flows.
Screng
• Depreciation represents the systematic allocation of the cost of a capital asset over a period of time for financial reporting purposes, tax purposes, or both. • Generally, profitable firms prefer to use an accelerated method for tax reporting purposes (MACRS).
12.4 Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
The Capital Budgeting Process
Basic characteristics of relevant project flows
• Cash (not accounting income) flows • Operating (not financing) flows
• After-tax flows
• Incremental flows
• Generate investment proposals consistent with the firm‟s strategic objectives. • Estimate after-tax incremental operating cash flows for the investment projects. • Evaluate project incremental cash flows.
《财务管理基础》英文ppt课件
Limited Partnership -- limited partners have liability limited to their capital contribution (investors only). At least one general partner is required and all general partners have unlimited liability.
2. Understand how to calculate a corporation's taxable income and how to determine the corporate tax rate - both average and marginal.
3. Understand various methods of depreciation. 4. Understand why acquiring assets through the use of debt
individual form
Disadvantages
• Unlimited liability • Hard to raise
additional capital • Transfer of
ownership difficulties
2-6
The Business Environment
Partnership -- A business form in which two or more individuals act as owners.
• Easy transfer of
• More diffiablish
• Unlimited life
• More expensive to
2. Understand how to calculate a corporation's taxable income and how to determine the corporate tax rate - both average and marginal.
3. Understand various methods of depreciation. 4. Understand why acquiring assets through the use of debt
individual form
Disadvantages
• Unlimited liability • Hard to raise
additional capital • Transfer of
ownership difficulties
2-6
The Business Environment
Partnership -- A business form in which two or more individuals act as owners.
• Easy transfer of
• More diffiablish
• Unlimited life
• More expensive to
财务管理基础 financial management 清华大学出版社pp13
Julie Miller is evaluating a new project for her firm, Basket Wonders (BW). She has determined that the after-tax cash flows for the project will be $10,000; $12,000; $15,000; $10,000; and $7,000, respectively, for each of the Years 1 through 5. The initial cash outlay will be $40,000.
• For this project, assume that it is independent of any other potential projects that Basket Wonders may undertake.
• Independent – A project whose acceptance (or rejection) does not prevent the acceptance of other projects under consideration.
13.4 Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Proposed Project Data
After Studying Chapter 13, you should be able to:
1.
Understand the payback period (PBP) method of project evaluation and selection, including its: (a) calculation; (b) acceptance criterion; (c) advantages and disadvantages; and (d) focus on liquidity rather than profitability. Understand the three major discounted cash flow (DCF) methods of project evaluation and selection – internal rate of return (IRR), net present value (NPV), and profitability index (PI). Explain the calculation, acceptance criterion, and advantages (over the PBP method) for each of the three major DCF methods. Define, construct, and interpret a graph called an “NPV profile.”
• For this project, assume that it is independent of any other potential projects that Basket Wonders may undertake.
• Independent – A project whose acceptance (or rejection) does not prevent the acceptance of other projects under consideration.
13.4 Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Proposed Project Data
After Studying Chapter 13, you should be able to:
1.
Understand the payback period (PBP) method of project evaluation and selection, including its: (a) calculation; (b) acceptance criterion; (c) advantages and disadvantages; and (d) focus on liquidity rather than profitability. Understand the three major discounted cash flow (DCF) methods of project evaluation and selection – internal rate of return (IRR), net present value (NPV), and profitability index (PI). Explain the calculation, acceptance criterion, and advantages (over the PBP method) for each of the three major DCF methods. Define, construct, and interpret a graph called an “NPV profile.”
《财务管理基础》幻灯片PPT
▪ 基金定投 ▪ 每年投资基金10000元,基金年收益率为10%,连续
购置20年,20年后的价值是572750;40年后的价值为 4425900;50年后的价值为11639000元.
宝钢股份(600019)周K线
中船股份(600150)周K线
▪ 第一篇 财务管理根底 ▪ 第二篇 长期筹资决策 ▪ 第三篇 长期投资决策 ▪ 第四篇 营运资金管理 ▪ 第五篇 利润分配决策 ▪ 第六篇 财务管理的几个专题
产对公司的债务承担责任。股东以其认缴的出资额为限对公司承担责任 . 一人有限责任公司,是指只有一个自然人股东或者一个法人股东的有限责
任公司,其注册资本最低限额为人民币十万元. 2.按企业股东的性质: 国有企业 私营企业 外资企业 二、财务经理
第四节 财务管理的环境
宏观环境:对各类企业的财务管理均产生影响。 如:经济环境、法律环境、金融市场环境
财务管理的定义
▪ 是指政府、企业和个人对资金这一资源 的获得和管理。
▪ 企业的组织形式: ▪ 个体企业------?个人独资企业法? ▪ 合伙企业------?合伙企业法? ▪ 公司------?公司法? ▪ 个体企业和合伙企业是非法人实体,其股东对企业的债务承担无限责任. ▪ 公司是企业法人,有独立的法人财产,享有法人财产权。公司以其全部财产对
第二节 财务管理的目标
一 、财务管理的目标
〔一〕以利润最大化为目标
合理性:有利于经济资源合理配置和经济效益提高
缺陷: 〔1〕没有考虑所获利润和投入资本额的关系 〔2〕没有考虑利润取得的时间 〔3〕没有考虑获取利润和所承担风险的大小 〔4〕没有考虑企业长远利益的约束
(二) 以股东财富最大化为目标 优点: 〔1〕考虑了时间价值和风险因素; 〔2〕考虑了资本与获利之间的关系; 〔3〕在一定程度上抑制了追求利益的短期行为; 〔4〕目标比较容易量化,便于考核和奖惩。 缺点: 〔1〕只适用于上市公司,对非上市公司很难适用; 〔2〕只强调股东的利益,而对其他关系人的利益重
购置20年,20年后的价值是572750;40年后的价值为 4425900;50年后的价值为11639000元.
宝钢股份(600019)周K线
中船股份(600150)周K线
▪ 第一篇 财务管理根底 ▪ 第二篇 长期筹资决策 ▪ 第三篇 长期投资决策 ▪ 第四篇 营运资金管理 ▪ 第五篇 利润分配决策 ▪ 第六篇 财务管理的几个专题
产对公司的债务承担责任。股东以其认缴的出资额为限对公司承担责任 . 一人有限责任公司,是指只有一个自然人股东或者一个法人股东的有限责
任公司,其注册资本最低限额为人民币十万元. 2.按企业股东的性质: 国有企业 私营企业 外资企业 二、财务经理
第四节 财务管理的环境
宏观环境:对各类企业的财务管理均产生影响。 如:经济环境、法律环境、金融市场环境
财务管理的定义
▪ 是指政府、企业和个人对资金这一资源 的获得和管理。
▪ 企业的组织形式: ▪ 个体企业------?个人独资企业法? ▪ 合伙企业------?合伙企业法? ▪ 公司------?公司法? ▪ 个体企业和合伙企业是非法人实体,其股东对企业的债务承担无限责任. ▪ 公司是企业法人,有独立的法人财产,享有法人财产权。公司以其全部财产对
第二节 财务管理的目标
一 、财务管理的目标
〔一〕以利润最大化为目标
合理性:有利于经济资源合理配置和经济效益提高
缺陷: 〔1〕没有考虑所获利润和投入资本额的关系 〔2〕没有考虑利润取得的时间 〔3〕没有考虑获取利润和所承担风险的大小 〔4〕没有考虑企业长远利益的约束
(二) 以股东财富最大化为目标 优点: 〔1〕考虑了时间价值和风险因素; 〔2〕考虑了资本与获利之间的关系; 〔3〕在一定程度上抑制了追求利益的短期行为; 〔4〕目标比较容易量化,便于考核和奖惩。 缺点: 〔1〕只适用于上市公司,对非上市公司很难适用; 〔2〕只强调股东的利益,而对其他关系人的利益重
财务管理 基础篇课件
企业价值最大化目标的分析
the analysis for enterprise value maximization
企业价值: 是企业在未来经营活动中所能 够创造的现金流量的折现值,而不是企业 所获得的会计利润。
即:
V
n
t 1
NCFt ( 1 i )t
V 公司价值;NCFt 预计每期的报酬, 以
简要的资产负债表(Balance Sheet)
流动资产
固定资产
其他长期资产
资金的用途
净营运资本
流动负债 长期负债
股东权益
资金的来源
财务管理的主要内容
The Main Matter to Financial Management
财务管理与会计的区别
会计与财务管理是两项有着密切关系,但又在管 理活动中有着重大差异的两项管理工作。
财务管理的研究对象
The object of research for financial management
财务、财物辨析 财务管理的研究对象、内容 财务管理学科的发展
公司财务的含义
“财务”(FINANCE)——是指政府、企业和 个人对货币这一资源的获取和管理。 本文的财务仅仅针对企业而言,特别 针对公司而言。
公司企业
Corporation
公司必须独立承担责任:
• 公司要以其全部财产承担债务; • 公司对它的法定代表和代理人的经营活动承担民事 责任; • 股东不对公司的债务直接承担责任; • 公司独立地以其全部财产承担债务,如果公司不能 及时清偿到期债务,其财产也不足以抵偿债务时,公 司则应依法宣告破产。
利润上的短期行为 科学地考虑了风险因素,因为风险的高低会对股票价格产
财务管理基础(PPT 69页)
19世纪末-20世纪初
第五次浪潮——以国际经营为重心的管理阶段 第四次浪潮——以治理通货膨胀为重心的管理阶段
第三次浪潮——以投资为重心的管理阶段 第二次浪潮——以内部控制为重心的管理阶段
第一次浪潮——以筹资为核心的管理阶段
第一次浪潮——以筹资为重心的管理阶段
这一阶段财务管理的的特点: 财务管理以筹集资本为重心,以资本成本 最小化为目标。 注重筹资方式的比较选择,而对资本结构 的安排缺乏应有的关注。 财务管理中出现了公司合并、清算等特殊 的财务问题。
企业财务活动
企业筹 资活动
企业分 配活动
企业财 务活动
企业投 资活动
企业资 金营运 活动
企业财务活动
(一)企业筹资活动 资本筹集,或称资本取得,是指企业为了满足投资和用资的需要,筹
措和集中所需资本的过程。
筹资
权益资本
所有权融资方式取得
债务资本
通过负债方式取得
企业财务活动
(二)企业投资活动 企业投资是指以盈利为目的财务支出活动。即企业在预先充分考虑投
企业财务关系包括:
企业财务关系
企业和政府之间的财务关系
企业内部各单位之间的财务关 系
企业和债权人、债务人之间的 财务关系
企业 财务 关系
企业与职工之间的财务关系
企业和投资者之间的财务关系
第二节 财务管理理论演进
第一部分 理论的形成与发展 第二部分 企业财务管理目标 第三部分 财务管理理论模块
第一部分 财务管理理论形成与发展
现代企业经营理论认为,知识是最活跃、最稀缺的生产要素, 人的经营管理才能被广泛认为是一种人力资本,这是一种人格 化的资本形式。对人的经营管理才能的货币计量反映人力资本 付出的成本,以人力资本的货币计量数量投资企业,也就与土 地、货币等资本一样,取得参与投资企业收益分配的权利。
第五次浪潮——以国际经营为重心的管理阶段 第四次浪潮——以治理通货膨胀为重心的管理阶段
第三次浪潮——以投资为重心的管理阶段 第二次浪潮——以内部控制为重心的管理阶段
第一次浪潮——以筹资为核心的管理阶段
第一次浪潮——以筹资为重心的管理阶段
这一阶段财务管理的的特点: 财务管理以筹集资本为重心,以资本成本 最小化为目标。 注重筹资方式的比较选择,而对资本结构 的安排缺乏应有的关注。 财务管理中出现了公司合并、清算等特殊 的财务问题。
企业财务活动
企业筹 资活动
企业分 配活动
企业财 务活动
企业投 资活动
企业资 金营运 活动
企业财务活动
(一)企业筹资活动 资本筹集,或称资本取得,是指企业为了满足投资和用资的需要,筹
措和集中所需资本的过程。
筹资
权益资本
所有权融资方式取得
债务资本
通过负债方式取得
企业财务活动
(二)企业投资活动 企业投资是指以盈利为目的财务支出活动。即企业在预先充分考虑投
企业财务关系包括:
企业财务关系
企业和政府之间的财务关系
企业内部各单位之间的财务关 系
企业和债权人、债务人之间的 财务关系
企业 财务 关系
企业与职工之间的财务关系
企业和投资者之间的财务关系
第二节 财务管理理论演进
第一部分 理论的形成与发展 第二部分 企业财务管理目标 第三部分 财务管理理论模块
第一部分 财务管理理论形成与发展
现代企业经营理论认为,知识是最活跃、最稀缺的生产要素, 人的经营管理才能被广泛认为是一种人力资本,这是一种人格 化的资本形式。对人的经营管理才能的货币计量反映人力资本 付出的成本,以人力资本的货币计量数量投资企业,也就与土 地、货币等资本一样,取得参与投资企业收益分配的权利。
《财务管理基础》PPT课件_OK
• V≤B, S=0,
非财务2人02员1/的8/财30务管理 Page 31
债权人索偿权≤ B
公司价值 (V)
31
3. 股东伤害债权人利益的具体表现
☆ 股东不经债权人同意,可能要求经营者改变借入资金的原定用 途,将其投资于风险更高的项目。
☆ 股东可能未征得债权人同意,而要求经营者发行新债券或举借 新债,致使债权人旧债价值降低。
非财务2人02员1/的8/财30务管理 Page 34
34
百年粘合剂老店富勒公司(H. B. Fuller): 客户第一,员工第二,股东第三,社区第四。这是我们的信条。
联想集团:
为客户:联想将提供信息技术、工具和服务,使人们的生活和工 作更加简便、高效、丰富多彩
为股东:回报股东长远利益 为员工:创造发展空间,提升员工价值,提高生活质量 为社会:服务社会文明进步
根据对待顾客(2)、雇员和社会责任三项
标准的分析显示:在这三方面得分最高的公 非财务2人02员1/的8/财30务管理 Page 23
23
财务管理的目标: 综合平衡各方面利益,实现真实价值增长。
非财务2人02员1/的8/财30务管理 Page 24
24
二、目标实施与代理问题
契约模型
股东
管理者
职工 社区
8. 如果能够出现一套全球统一的会计准则和财务报告标准,将大大简化企业的披 露成本。
CFO将成为企业战略的领导人与执行者
非财务2人02员1/的8/财30务管理 Page 9
9
学习与职业
角色:CFO、投资银行、投资公司、咨询 顾问
趋势:资本化(证券化)过程需要大量的 新一代财务精英
准备:CPA作、业C(F选A做):职业生涯规划
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Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Determining Standard Deviation (Risk Measure)
After studying Chapter 5, you should be able to:
1. 2. 3. 4.
Understand the relationship (or “trade-off”) between risk and return. Define risk and return and show how to measure them by calculating expected return, standard deviation, and coefficient of variation. Discuss the different types of investor attitudes toward risk. Explain risk and return in a portfolio context, and distinguish between individual security and portfolio risk.
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Determining Standard Deviation (Risk Measure)
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Defining Return
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
5.2
Distinguish between avoidable (unsystematic) risk and unavoidable (systematic) risk and explain how proper diversification can eliminate one of these risks. Define and explain the capital-asset pricing model (CAPM), beta, and the characteristic line. Calculate a required rate of return using the capital-asset pricing model (CAPM). Demonstrate how the Security Market Line (SML) can be used to describe this relationship between expected rate of return and systematic risk. Explain what is meant by an “efficient financial market” and describe the three levels (or forms) of market efficiency.
5.8 Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
How to Determine the Expected Return and Standard Deviation
5.5
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Return Example
s=
2( P ) S ( R – R ) i i i=1
n
s=
.01728
s = 0.1315 or 13.15%
5.12 Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Does it matter if it is a bank CD or a share of stock?
5.7 Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Stock BW Ri Pi
-0.15 -0.03 0.09 0.21 0.33 Sum
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้5.9
(Ri)(Pi)
–0.015 –0.006 0.036 0.042 0.033 0.090
0.10 0.20 0.40 0.20 0.10 1.00
The expected return, R, for Stock BW is .09 or 9%
•
•
•
• • • •
5.3
Defining Risk and Return Using Probability Distributions to Measure Risk Attitudes Toward Risk Risk and Return in a Portfolio Context Diversification The Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) Efficient Financial Markets
Determining Expected Return (Discrete Dist.)
R = S ( Ri )( Pi )
I=1 n
R is the expected return for the asset,
Ri is the return for the ith possibility,
Pi is the probability of that return occurring, n is the total number of possibilities.
The stock price for Stock A was $10 per share 1 year ago. The stock is currently trading at $9.50 per share and shareholders just received a $1 dividend. What return was earned over the past year?
Dt + (Pt – Pt - 1 ) Pt - 1
Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
Defining Risk
The variability of returns from those that are expected.
What rate of return do you expect on your investment (savings) this year? What rate will you actually earn?
Chapter 5
Risk and Return
5.1 Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.
s=
i=1
S ( Ri – R )2( Pi )
n
Standard Deviation, s, is a statistical measure of the variability of a distribution around its mean.
It is the square root of variance. Note, this is for a discrete distribution.
Income received on an investment plus any change in market price, usually expressed as a percent of the beginning market price of the investment.
R=
5.4
5.10 Van Horne and Wachowicz, Fundamentals of Financial Management, 13th edition. © Pearson Education Limited 2009. Created by Gregory Kuhlemeyer.