直接引语变间接引语时间状语变化
直接引语变间接引语需注意的几种变化
北京四中撰稿：徐正海编审：贾巍责编：任淑弘直接引语变间接引语需注意的几种变化在日常交际中，我们经常会遇到需要引用或转述别人的话的情况。
引述别人的话一般采用两种方式：一种是原封不动地引述别人的话，并将它放在引号内，称为直接引语(Direct Speech)；另一种是转述别人的话，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语(Indirect Speech)。
在把直接引语变为间接引语时，原来直接引语中的人称、时态、状语、句式及主谓语序都要作相应改变。
一、注意人称的变化：1、如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称所修饰。
变为间接引语后从句中的人称要与主句中主语的人称相一致：例如：She said,“My brother wants to go with me”.→She said her brother wanted to go with her.2、如果从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称，或被第二人所修饰。
从句中的人称要跟主句的宾语一致。
例如：He said to his friend, “How is your study now?”→He asked his friend how his study was then.3、如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称所修饰时，一般不需要变化。
例如：Mr. Wang said, “Li Lei is a good student.”→Mr. Wang said Li Lei was a good student.二、注意时态的变化与一致：直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整：例如：1) She said,“I lost a pen yesterday.”→She said she had lost a pen the day before.2) Lily said,“I will go to see my parents during the holiday. ”→Lily said she would go to see her parents during the holiday.但以下几种情况，当直接引语变为间接引语时，从句的时态不需要变化。
直接引语变间接引语的七点变化
直接引语变间接引语的七点变化一、时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个，即一般现在时变为一般过去时，一般将来时变为过去将来时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，现在完成时变为过去完成时，一般过去时也变为过去完成时，等等(若直接引语为过去完成时，变为间接引语可以不变)。
另外，若直接引语中有情态动词can, may等，也应变成过去式could, might等(情态动词must可以变为had to，也可不变，should, ought to, had better 等可以不变)。
如：“I like to watch TV,” she said. →She said that she liked to watch TV.He said, “I’m waiting for her.”→He said that he was waiting for her.“It will rain soon,” he said. →He said that it would rain soon.“She can swim,” he said. →He said that she could swim.注意：(1) 若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变：The teacher said, “The earth turns around the sun.”→The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun.(2) 有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时时态也可不变：He said, “ was born in 1954.”→He said that he was born in 1954.二、时间状语的变化直接引语变间接引语时，有些时间状语根据情况也要相应的改动：如now-then，today -that day，tonight-that night，yesterday-the day before，this month-that month，last week-the week before，three years ago-three years before，tomorrow-the next day，next year-the next year，如：He said, “I’m very busy now.”→He said that he was very busy then.He said, “I want to leave today.”→He said that he wanted to leave that day.He said, “She left yesterday.”→He said that she had left the day before.She said, “I’ll tell you tomorrow.”→She said that she would tell me the next day.以上变化有时应视情况而定，若在当时转述，now不必改为then；若在当天转述，today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改为that day, the day before, the next day等；若在当周转述，this week, last week 不必改为that week, the last week；若在当年转述，this year, last year 不必改为that year, the last year等。
英语中直接引语变间接引语陈述句的变化规则
英语中直接引语变间接引语陈述句的变化规则直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that（可省略）引导，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语都要发生相应的变化。
人称的变化——人称的变化主要是要理解句子的意思
例：1. He said, “ I like it very much.” →He said that he liked it very much.
2.He said to me, “I’v left my book in your room.”
→He told me that he had left his book in my room.
时态的变化
例：
“I don’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary,” said Anne.
→Anne said that she didn’t want to set down a series of facts in a diary.
The boy said, “I’m using a knife.”
→The boy said that he was using a knife.
▲注意：如果直接引语是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变，如：
He said, “Light travels much faster than sound.”
He said that light travels much faster than sound.
指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化。
英语语法直接引语和间接引语
英语语法----直接引语和间接引语一、 定义：1、 直接引语：使用引号引出别人的原话。
2、间接引语：用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。
二、 直接引语和间接引语的转换直接引语变间接引语时，要注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化。
1、 人称变化口诀如下：一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如：I ，me ，my ，mine ，we ，us ，our ，ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。
“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you ，your ，yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人，如无听话人，可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。
“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he ，him ，his ，she ，her ，hers,it ，its,they,their ，theirs ，them)变为间接引语时，人称不变。
一随主：He said , “I like it very much.” 他说：“我非常喜欢它”。
→liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。
(I 改为he, it 不变)二随宾：He?said,?“You ?told?me?this?story.”他说：“你给我讲过这个故事。
”?? →He?said?that?I?had?told?him?that?story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。
(本句中宾语是me ，所以You 改为I ,?me 改为him,?told 改为had?told)?She said to Mary ,”How do you ?”go to work everyday?” →She asked Mary how she went to work everyday. 第三人称不更新：He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room ”.他对我说：“她把书放在你的房间里去了。
直接引语变间接引语口诀
直接引语变间接引语口诀一、当直接引语为陈述句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：去掉引号加that，人称变化要灵活，时态向后退一步，状语变化按规则。
She said，“My brother doesn't want to go there.”→She said that her brother didn't want to go there.二、当直接引语为一般疑问句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：去掉引号加if，陈述语序要记住，时态人称和状语，小心变化别马虎。
I asked her，“Do you study English here?”→I asked her if she studied English there.三、当直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：直接去引号，陈述莫忘掉，小心助动词，丢它最重要。
“What do you want?”he asked me. →He asked me what I wanted.四、当直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语的“顺口溜”是：去掉引号要加to, ask，tell须记住，直引若是否定式，not加在to前部。
The teacher said to her mother，“Please give me the book.” →The teacher told her mother to give her the book.五、对于人称变化，要求学生们记住的“顺口溜”是：第一人称看主语，第二人称看宾语，宾语若是不存在，活用代词I，my，me。
He said to her，“Are you interested in English?”→He a sked her if she was interested in English.The teacher said，“Where have you been?”→The teacher asked me(us) where I(we) had been.六、时态对应表：直接引语时态间接引语时态一般现在时→ 一般过去时一般将来时→ 过去将来时现在进行时→ 过去进行时一般过去时→ 过去完成时现在完成时→ 过去完成时（过去完成时时态不变）情态动词也要变成相应的过去式：can could; may might; must must/had to一般疑问句whether/if 引导的宾语从句“Is this your umbrella, Mary?” asked John.John asked Mary if that was her umbrella.特殊疑问句wh-词引导的宾语从句“Mary, when will you return John asked Mary when she wouldme the book?” asked John return him the book主句动词为一般现在时或现在完成时从句动词时态不变She often says, “All men and women She often says that all men and womenar e equal under the law.”are equal under the law.主句动词为一般过去时一般现在时一般过去时“I know it,” he said.He said that he knew it现在进行时过去进行时“I’m making coffee for you all,” she said.She said she was making coffee for us all.现在完成时过去完成时“I have seen her before,” said he. He said he had seen her before.一般过去时过去完成时“I saw her last Monday,” he said.He said he had seen her the previous Monday过去完成时过去完成时“ Do you know Rick had been ill in bed.Jack asked if I knew Rick had been ill in bedfor many days till he died?” Jack asked for many days till he died一般将来时过去将来时He said: “We shall start tomorrow He said they would start the next day由直接引语转变为间接引语,下列情况时态不变:1. 不变的真理The teacher said to the students, “Water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.”→ The teacher told the students that water freezes when the temperature falls below 0℃.2. 经常的习惯：He said to the doctor, “I smoke two packs every day.”→ He told the doctor that he smokes two packs every day.3. 历史事件：The teacher said, “World War Ⅱended in 1945.”→ The teacher said that World War Ⅱ ended in 1945.4. 部分情态动词,如must, ought to, used to, had better等：She said to me: “You must hurry up.”→ She said that I must hurry up.练习题;1. Jack said to me, “You look worried today.”Jack told me that ___ worried ___.A. he looks…todayB. you look…todayC. we looked…that dayD. I looked…that day2. We said to her, “They’re walking through the street now.”We told her that ___ through the street ___.A. we were walking…thenB. you are walking…nowC .they were walking…then D. they walking…now3. Mr Black said, “I have walked a long way this week.”Mr Black said that __ a long way __.A. I had walked…last wee kB. he had walked…that weekC. I walked…last weekD. he has walked…this week4. The man thought, “I shall take it back tomorrow.”The man thought that __ take it back ____.A. I shall…tomorrowB. I shall…the next dayC. he should…tomo rrowD. he wo uld …the next day5. They said to us, “Are you afraid to leave this house ?”They asked us ____ afraid to leave _____ house.A. that were we…thisB. that we were…thatC. if were we …thisD. if we were…that6. Jane said, “What did he hear about a week ago?”Jane asked ____ about _____.A. that he heard…a week ag oB. what he had heard…the week beforeC. what he had herd… a week agoD. if he heard…the week ago7. She asked, “Whose house will he break into next time ?”She asked whose house ____ break into __A. will he…next timeB. would he…the next timeC. he would…the next timeD. he will…next time8. Jack said to her, “Where do you spend your holidays?”Jack asked her where ____ holidays.A. she spent herB. you spend yourC. she spend herD. you spent your9. Black asked me, “ Why haven’t you left here yet?”Black asked me why ____ yet.A. I hadn’t left thereB. I haven’t left hereC. hadn’t I left thereD. haven’t I lef t here10. The teacher asked her, “Does the sun rise in the east ?”The teacher asked her ___ the sun ___ in the east.A. if…riseB. if…risesC. whether…roseD. whether did …rise。
直接引语与间接引语的转换技巧
直接引语与间接引语的转换技巧在日常生活和学术写作中，我们经常会用到直接引语和间接引语来引述他人的话语或观点。
直接引语是将别人的原话直接引用，而间接引语是将别人的原话进行转述。
正确地使用直接引语和间接引语是写作中必不可少的技巧，本文将介绍一些转换技巧，并举例说明其正确应用。
一、直接引语的转换1. 改变人称和时态当将直接引语转换为间接引语时，要注意改变人称和时态。
一般来说，第一人称要转换为“第三人称”，现在时要转换为“过去时”。
例如，直接引语：“I love reading.”（我喜欢阅读。
）间接引语：“She said that she loved reading.”（她说她喜欢阅读。
）2. 改变时间和地点状语在转换为间接引语时，也要对时间和地点状语进行相应的改变。
例如，直接引语：“He said, 'I will go to the library tomorrow.'”（他说：“我明天会去图书馆。
”）间接引语：“He said that he would go to the library the next day.”（他说他会在第二天去图书馆。
）3. 注意连接词的变化在转换为间接引语时，需要注意连接词的变化。
例如，“I think”可以改为“I thought”或“he thought”。
例如，直接引语：“She said, 'I think it's a good idea.'”（她说：“我认为这是个好主意。
”）间接引语：“She said that she thought it was a good idea.”（她说她认为这是个好主意。
）二、间接引语的转换1. 恢复直接引语的原貌有时候，在间接引语中需要恢复原引语的直接引语形式。
例如，直接引语：“He told me, 'I will come tomorrow.'”（他告诉我：“我明天会来。
直接引语变间接引语常用三种情况
直接引语变间接引语常用的三种情况1、陈述句变成间接引语（1）“I am a teacher" she said.She said that she was a teacher.“You don't tell her my telephone number" he said.He said (that) I didn't tell her his telephone number.要注意时态的变化一般现在时变成一般过去时。
一般过去时变成过去完成时，现在完成时变成过去完成时，一般将来时变成过去将来时，this 变成that these变成those, here 变成there ,today变成that day, yesterday 变成the day before, tomorrow 变成next day, the day after tomorrow变成in two days' time，now 变成then等等。
2、将一般疑问句变成间接引语在这样的句子中要加“if" “是否”的意思。
（1)"Are you a student?"She asked me if I was a student.她问我是否是一位学生。
将原来的疑问句放在if 后面,但语顺变成肯定式的语顺。
另外还可以用whether 来表示。
She asked me whether I was a student.(2) "Did you finish your work yesterday?"He asked me if I have finished my work the day before.3.将特殊疑问句变成间接引语"What time is it?"He asked me what time it was."When will you go to town?"He asked me when would I go to town.在这样的句子里除疑问词放在间接引语的前面外，后面也是陈述句的语序。
直接引语变间接引语常用地三种情况
直接引语变间接引语常用的三种情况1、陈述句变成间接引语（1）“I am a teacher" she said.She said that she was a teacher.“You don't tell her my telephone number" he said.He said (that) I didn't tell her his telephone number.要注意时态的变化一般现在时变成一般过去时。
一般过去时变成过去完成时，现在完成时变成过去完成时，一般将来时变成过去将来时，this 变成that these变成those, here 变成there ,today变成that day, yesterday 变成the day before, tomorrow 变成next day, the day after tomorrow变成in two days' time，now 变成then等等。
2、将一般疑问句变成间接引语在这样的句子中要加“if" “是否”的意思。
（1)"Are you a student?"She asked me if I was a student.她问我是否是一位学生。
将原来的疑问句放在if 后面,但语顺变成肯定式的语顺。
另外还可以用whether 来表示。
She asked me whether I was a student.(2) "Did you finish your work yesterday?"He asked me if I have finished my work the day before.3.将特殊疑问句变成间接引语"What time is it?"He asked me what time it was."When will you go to town?"He asked me when would I go to town.在这样的句子里除疑问词放在间接引语的前面外，后面也是陈述句的语序。
英语语法大攻克--直接引语变间接引语(时间地点状语的转变)
直接引语变间接引语（时间地点状语的转变）但要注意在以下几种情况下，在直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一般不变化。
①直接引语是客观真理或是谚语格言时，如："The earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth, the teacher told me. → The teacher told me the earth moves around the sun and the moon moves around the earth。
He said，“Practice makes perfect.” ——>He said that practice makes perfect.②直接引语是过去进行时，时态不变。
如：Jack said, "John, where were you going when I met you in the street?" →Jack asked John where he was going when he met him in the street。
③直接引语中有具体的过去某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
如：Xiao Wang said. "I was born on April 2l, 1980。
" →Xiao Wang said he was born on April 20, 1980。
④直接引语如果是一般现在时，表示一种反复出现或习惯性的动作，变间接引语，时态不变。
如：He said, "I get up at six every morning。
" →He said he gets up at six every morning。
⑤如果直接引语中的情态动词没有过去时的形式（例：ought to，had better, used to)和已经是过去时的形式时，（例：could, should, would, might）不再变。
直接引语变间接引语常用的三种情况
直接引语变间接引语常用的三种情况1、陈述句变成间接引语（1）“I am a teacher" she said.She said that she was a teacher.“You don't tell her my telephone number" he said.He said (that) I didn't tell her his telephone number.要注意时态的变化一般现在时变成一般过去时。
一般过去时变成过去完成时，现在完成时变成过去完成时，一般将来时变成过去将来时，this 变成that these变成those, here 变成there ,today 变成that day, yesterday 变成the day before, tomorrow 变成next day, the day after tomorrow变成in two days' time，now 变成then等等。
2、将一般疑问句变成间接引语在这样的句子中要加“if" “是否”的意思。
（1)"Are you a student"She asked me if I was a student.她问我是否是一位学生。
将原来的疑问句放在if 后面,但语顺变成肯定式的语顺。
另外还可以用whether 来表示。
She asked me whether I was a student.(2) "Did you finish your work yesterday"He asked me if I have finished my work the day before.3.将特殊疑问句变成间接引语"What time is it"He asked me what time it was."When will you go to town"He asked me when would I go to town.在这样的句子里除疑问词放在间接引语的前面外，后面也是陈述句的语序。
直接引语变间接引语的几种变化及举例
直接引语变间接引语的几点变化一、时态的变化直接引语变为间接引语时，若主句为过去时态，变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要将时态往后推一个，即一般现在时变为一般过去时，一般将来时变为过去将来时，现在进行时变为过去进行时，现在完成时变为过去完成时，一般过去时也变为过去完成时，等等(若直接引语为过去完成时，变为间接引语可以不变)。
另外，若直接引语中有情态动词can, may等，也应变成过去式could, might等(情态动词must可以变为had to，也可不变，should, ought to, had better 等可以不变)。
如：“I like to watch TV,” she said. 她说：“我喜欢看电视。
”→She said that she liked to watch TV. 她说她喜欢看电视。
He said, “I’m waiting for her.” 他说：“我在等她。
”→He said that he was waiting for her. 他说他在等她。
“It will rain soon,” he said. 他说：“很快就会下雨。
”→He said that it would rain soon. 他说很快就会下雨。
“She can swim,” he said. 他说：“她会游泳。
”→He said that she could swim. 他说她会游泳。
注意：(1)若直接引语为客观真理，则变为间接引语时时态不变：The teacher said, “The earth turns around the sun.” 老师说：“地球绕着太阳转。
”→The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun. 老师说地球绕着太阳转。
(2)有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时时态也可不变：He said, “ was born in 1954.” 他说：“我是1954年生的。
直接引语与间接引语的转换
直接引语与间接引语的转换直接引语（direct speech）是指直接重述他人的原话或原句，在引语的两侧使用引号标示。
而间接引语（indirect speech）则是以自己的话转述他人的原话或原句。
直接引语与间接引语的转换在日常生活和写作中经常会遇到。
本文将探讨直接引语与间接引语的转换规则以及相应的例子。
转换规则：1. 直接引语转换为间接引语时，需将引号去掉。
例如：直接引语：他说，“我明天会去旅行。
”间接引语：他说他明天会去旅行。
2. 当直接引语中的动词为一般现在时，转换为间接引语时需根据情况使用相应的时态。
例如：直接引语：他说，“我喜欢吃苹果。
”间接引语：他说他喜欢吃苹果。
3. 当直接引语中的动词为一般过去时，转换为间接引语时需将时间状语一同转换。
例如：直接引语：他说，“我昨天买了一本新书。
”间接引语：他说他昨天买了一本新书。
4. 当直接引语中存在第三人称时，转换为间接引语时需根据情况进行相应的代词转换。
例如：直接引语：他说，“我是工程师。
”间接引语：他说他是工程师。
5. 当直接引语中使用了口头表示法（如问句、感叹句等），转换为间接引语时需改为陈述句。
例如：直接引语：他问我，“你明天准备去哪里？”间接引语：他问我他明天准备去哪里。
下面是一些例句来帮助理解直接引语与间接引语的转换过程：1. 直接引语：他说，“我很喜欢这本书。
”间接引语：他说他很喜欢那本书。
2. 直接引语：她对我说，“我已经吃过晚饭了。
”间接引语：她对我说她已经吃过晚饭了。
3. 直接引语：他问我，“你今天要去看电影吗？”间接引语：他问我我今天要不要去看电影。
4. 直接引语：他说，“我会努力学习英语。
”间接引语：他说他会努力学习英语。
5. 直接引语：她告诉我们，“我曾经去过巴黎。
”间接引语：她告诉我们她曾经去过巴黎。
总结起来，直接引语与间接引语的转换需要注意时态、代词和修饰词等方面的变化。
通过熟悉和掌握这些转换规则，我们可以在日常交流和写作中更好地运用直接引语与间接引语，准确传达他人的言论和思想。
直接引语变间接引语方法
直接引语变间接引语方法（讲解与练习一概述1 当直接引语为陈述句，变为间接引语时，从句中人称、时态、指示代词、时间、地点（状语）等都要发生变化。
2 当直接引语为疑问句，变为间接引语时，从句中人称、时态、指示代词、时间、地点、语序等都要发生变化。
二引导词1 直接引语为陈述句用that引导（可省略）。
2 直接引语为一般疑问句用if/whether引导。
3 直接引语为特殊疑问句用疑问词引导（切记：后用陈述语序）。
4 直接引语为祈使句（命令句）用to do 。
三时态1 直接引语为一般现在时，间接引语根据需要选用时态。
2 直接引语为一般过去时，间接引语变化如下：一般现在时→一般过去时一般将来时→过去将来时现在进行时→过去进行时一般过去式→过去完成时现在完成时→过去完成时过去完成时→过去完成时3 直接引语为客观真理，变间接引语时，时态不变。
四常见变化1 say→tell/ask（针对直接引语首/主句）2 this →that these→ those3 last week→ the week beforenext week →the next weeknow →thentoday →that dayyesterday →the day beforetomorrow →the next daya day ago →a day before4 here →there5 come →go巩固练习（按以上讲解顺序编排）：1 She said,"I have to say goodbye now."2 She said to us,"It may snow tonight."3 " I bought the glasses yesterday," She said to me.4 "Is your mother a doctor ?" She asked Lily.5 She asked " Where is Linda ?"6 " Who has brought you to the hospital?" the nurse asked the girl.7 " Please read ten pages today," the teacher said to the students.8 The teacher said to us, " The earth travels around the sun."9 He said, " I was a soldier in 2008." （注意此题）参考答案：1 She said she had to say goodbye then.2 She told us it might snow that night.3 She told me she had bought the glasses the day before.4 she asked Lily if her mother was a doctor.5 She asked where Linda was.6 The nurse asked the girl who had brought her to the hospital.7 The teacher told the students to read 10 pages that day.8 The teacher told us the earth travels around the sun.9 He said he was a soldier in 2008.。