week1-10
人教版八年级英语上册笔记1--10单元
人教版八年级英语上册笔记1--10单元精心整理超详细!人教版八年级英语上册笔记1--10单元Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation ?Section A 知识提纲一、词形变化1.wonder v. 想知道→adj. wonderful 精彩的,绝妙的二、短语1.go on vacation去度假2.stay at home待在家里3.go to the mountains去爬山4.go to the beach去海滩5.visit museums 参观博物馆6.go to summer camp去参加夏令营7.quite a few相当多 8.study for tests为测验而学习9.go out出去 10.go out with anyone 跟别人出去11.most of the time大部分时间 12.of course=sure =certainly 当然13.have a good time doing=have fun doing =enjoy oneself 玩得高兴14.go shopping去购物 15. keep a diary 写日记三、词法1. buy sb. sth.=buy sth. for sb.为某人买某物Buy me some books = Buy some books for me .2.taste / look/sound/smell good. 尝起来/看起来/听起来/闻起来不错3.nothing…but+动词原形除了……之外什么都没有I have nothing to do but watch TV all day .我整天除了看电视什么也没干。
4.seem link v.(系动词) 似乎,好像,看来① seem + adj.② seem to do sth.③ It seems that + 陈述句5.Long time no see . 好久不见。
人教版新目标八年级上册英语全册1-10单元重点短语词组总结汇编
人教版新目标八年级上册英语1-10单元重点短语词组总结汇编Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?(1)decide to go(to someplace) 决定去(某地)decide to do something 决定做某事make a decision 做决定,下决心(2)have a good time 玩得愉快have a wonderful time 玩得开心/痛快(=have fun/enjoy oneself)(3)the top of the mountain 山顶(4)stay at home 待在家里(5)go to the mountains 去山里go to the beach 去海边go to summer camp 参加夏令营(6)visit my uncle 拜访我的叔叔visit museums 参观博物馆(7)feel like 感受到,给人……的感觉(8)quite a few 相当多,不少(9)of course 当然(10)because of 由于,因为(11)try to do something努力/尽力/试图做某事try doing something试着做某事have a try 尝试一下(此处try为n.)(12)dislike somebody/something 厌恶/不喜欢某人/某物(13)be/get bored with 对……厌倦(14)have a great difference in…在……方面存在很大差异make a difference 有影响,有转折,创造不同/有所成就be different from…与……不同(15)by oneself 某人独自(= on one's own)Unit2 How often do you exercise?(1)at least 至少,不少于,起码at most 至多,最多,不超过(2)such as 例如(3)more than 多于less than少于(4)use the Internet 使用网络(5)watch television/TV看电视(6)read English books 看英语书籍(7)go online 上网go shopping 去购物(8)eat vegetables and fruit 吃水果和蔬菜(9)most of the time 大部分时间(10)stay up late 熬夜, 晚睡(=burn the midnight oil)(11)healthy habits健康的习惯(12)Old habits die hard旧习难改(13)do housework 做家务help with housework 帮忙做家务do homework 做家庭作业(14)junk food垃圾食品fast food快餐,速食instant noodles方便面instant coffee速溶咖啡(15)hardly ever 几乎从不(16)once a day一天一次once a week一周一次once a year一年一次once again再次(17)twice a day一天两次twice a week一周两次twice a year一年两次once or twice一两次,偶尔(18)be full of sth. (有)大量的,丰富的(=be filled with sth.)(19)a full bottle of wine一满瓶葡萄酒a full day of…一整天的……a full life一个经历丰富的人生the full story全部情况(20)swing dance摇摆舞(21)be good for one’s health对某人身体健康好be bad for one’s health 对某人身体健康有害(22)keep healthy 保持健康stay healthy 保持健康healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式healthy food有益健康的食物(23)one/a hundred percent百分百one percent 百分之一fifty percent百分之五十one percent of students…百分之一的学生……how many percent of the students…? 百分之几/多少的学生……?(24)常见的频度副词排序(程度从高到底)如下:always 总是100%almost always 几乎总是90%usually 通常80%often 经常60%sometimes 有时40%seldom 很少20%hardly ever 几乎不曾5%almost never 几乎从不 2%never 从不0%(25)how often…? 问频率,意为“多久一次”how soon…? 问将来,意为“多久以后”how long…? 问时间段,意为“多久”,“多长时间”(26)sometimes是副词,意为“有时”,常用于一般现在时,表示频率some times意为“几次;几倍”sometime意为“某时”,可用于过去时或将来时some time意为“一段时间”(27)be good for对……有益be good at 擅长……be good to 对……友善Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister.(1)care about 关心,在意care for 关心,照顾,喜欢(2)be different from 与……不同/有差异(3)bring out 使呈现,使表现出(4)the same as 和……相同/一致(5)in fact 事实上,实际上(6)be similar to 与……相似的(7)primary school 小学(8)be talented in在……方面有天赋(9)do the same things 做同样的事情(10)be good at sports 擅长运动(11)make sb. laugh让某人笑laugh at sb.嘲笑/取笑某人laugh with sb.与某人同声笑laugh loudly 大声笑(12)be quiet/keep quiet 保持安静(13)win a competition赢得一场比赛competition and cooperation 竞争与合作(14)true or false 是非,正误(15)be serious about 对……是认真的take it seriously 认真对待(16)It is (not)necessary to do sth. (没)有必要做某事(17)touch my heart触动我的心灵in touch with 和……有接触/有联系get in touch 取得联系keep in touch with 与……保持联系(18)break one’s arm摔断了胳膊break the rule违反规则(19)share…with sb.与某人分享某物lion’s share 最大的份额(20)collect information 收集信息get information 得到信息receive information 收到信息provide information提供信息a piece of information 一条消息(21)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越……,就越……”The more, the better. 越多越好Unit4 What’s the best movie theater?(1)(be) close to 离……近(=next to)close friends 密友(=bosom friends知心朋友)a close game势均力敌的比赛(2)big screens 大屏幕(3)think about/ of 思考,考虑(4)do a survey of 做……的调查(5)as for 至于(6)win the prize for 获得……奖(7)the worst service 最差的服务(8)the cheapest price 最便宜的价格(9)in the south of China 在中国南部(10)talent show 才艺表演(11)have ...in common 有相同特征(12)all kinds of 各种各样的(13)be up to 是……的职责(14)play a role in…在……中发挥作用(=play a part in…)(15)make up 编造,化妆,组成(16)for example 例如(17)唱快歌sing fast songs(18)take ...seriously 认真对待……(19)come true 实现(20)be careful of 当心,小心(21)look for 寻找(强调动作)find 找到(强调结果)(22)act as 作为,担当,充当(23)How do/does sb. like ...? 意为“某人认为……怎么样?”(=“What do/does sb. think of...?”或“What do/does sb. think about ...?”)(24)so far 到目前为止,迄今为止(= till now)Unit5 Do you want to watch a game show?(1)action movie 动作片(2)find out 查明,弄清(3)take sb’s place 代替,替换(=take the place of sb.)(4)be ready to do sth. 愿意做某事get ready for 为……做准备,强调动作be ready for 为……做好了准备,强调状态get sth. ready 把某物准备好(5)do a good job干得好(6)dress up 装扮,乔装打扮dress up (in) 穿上……盛装,用……装饰dress up as sb/sth. 装扮成某人或某物(7)talk show 脱口秀(8)talent show 才艺表演(9)can’t stand 受不了,不能忍受(10)soap opera肥皂剧(11)plan to do sth. 计划去做某事make a plan/plans 制定计划(12)sth.+happens/happened +to+sb. 某人发生某事sb. Happens/happened to do sth. 某人碰巧做某事(13)happen 偶然发生(无被动形式)take place 有计划发生(无被动形式)(14)expect (sb.) to do sth. 期望(某人)去做某事be expected to do sth. 被期望去做某事(15)be famous for... 因......而著名be famous as... 作为......而出名(16)good luck to sb. 祝某人好运bad luck 倒霉,坏运气(17)stand against 反对stand for 代表,表示stand out 突出;显著(18)appear to do sth. 似乎在做某事(19)succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事(be successful in doing sth.)(20)common names 常见的名字common mistakes 常犯的错误common sense 常识common interest 共同的兴趣common language 共同语言common market共同市场(21)an ordinary worker 一个普通工人ordinary-looking 相貌平常的(22)normal temperature 正常体温normal state 正常状态(24)hope for sth. 希望得到某物hope to do sth. 希望做某事(25)wish sb. sth. 希望某人有某物wish to do sth. 希望做某事wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事(hope没有这种用法)Unit6 I’m going to study computer science(1)write down 写下,记下(2)have to do with 关于,与……有关系have nothing to do with…与……无关(3)take up 学着做,开始做;占据,占用(4)agree with 同意,赞成(后面接表示人或表示“意见,观点”的词)agree to 赞同,同意(后面接表示计划,提议,办法,安排等词,to是介词)(5)personal improvement 自我改进(6)make promises 许诺give a promise 许下诺言keep a promise 信守诺言(=keep one’s word)carry out a promise 履行诺言break a promise 违背诺言promise to do sth. 答应/许诺做某事(7)have something in common 有共同点(8)improve relationships 改善关系(9)at the beginning 在……开始(10)for this reason因为这个原因(11)send for 派人去叫send away 派遣,解雇send off 送别,差遣send up 发射(12)make a resolution做决定,下决心(13)make sure(of)确信(=be sure)(14)discuss sth. with sb. 和某人谈论某事(15)grow up 成长,长大grow into 长大成为(16)be going to do sth. 打算,准备,计划做某事(将来时)(17)make a plan for…为……制定计划(18)a kind of 一种all kinds of 各种各样的kind of 有点(= a little)Unit7 Will people have robots? (1)space station太空站(2)over and over again 多次,反复地(3)hundreds of 数以百计,许多,大量(4)be able to do sth. 能够做某事be unable to do sth. 不能做某事(5)fall down 倒下,跌倒,倒塌fall asleep入睡fall behind落后于(某人或某物)fall in love with喜爱,爱上fall off 掉下fall over 跌落,被绊倒fall into落入,陷入A fall into the pit, a gain in the wit. 吃一堑,长一智(此处fall为n. 跌落)(6)look for寻找(强调动作)(7)play a part in sth.参与某事(= play a role in sth.)play a part in doing sth. 参与做某事(8)in 100 years 一百年以后(9)help with the housework帮忙做家务(10)seem impossible好像不可能(11)make robots look like humans使机器人看起来和人类一样(12)for example例如(13)have many different shapes有很多不同的外形(14)air/water pollution 空气/水污染noise pollution 噪音污染environmental pollution “环境污染(15)believe sb. 相信某人说的话believe in sb. 信任某人,相信某人的人格(16)be free to do sth. 自由地做某事(17)try sth. 尝试某事try to do sth. 尽力做某事try doing sth. 试着做某事try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人最大努力做某事(= do one’s best to do sth.)try on试穿try out 试用,试验have a try 试一试(18)look like看起来像……(应用范围最广,除了描述人、物之外,也能抽象表达事件或现象)take after像……,与……相似(最常见的是用在有血缘关系的亲子之间,外貌用的最多,也能够用在性格脾气这些内在特质上)be similar to 与……相似(一般用在相近似的物品和情境的对比上)Unit8 How do you make a banana milk shake?(1)p our…into …把……倒进……里(通常强调倾倒液体)put…into…把……放进……里(既可以放液体,也可以放固体)pour out 倒出(2)t urn on 接通,打开(电源开关)turn off 关闭,熄灭(灯、煤气等)turn up (把音量)调大,调高turn down (把音量)调小,调低turn in 上交turn into使成为;翻译成turn to转向turn over翻转(3)cut up 切碎(4)mix up混合在一起(5)peel the bananas 剥香蕉(6)a cup of yogurt 一杯酸奶(7)five spoons of honey 五勺蜂蜜(8)add…to…把……加到……add to增加;增添(其中to是介词,后接名词或代词)add up 把……加起来add up to 总计,加起来结果是(9)celebrate with 用......庆祝(10)a piece of art一件艺术品a piece of一张,一片,一件,一条in pieces 碎片,碎块(11)cover…with…用......覆盖be covered with 被……覆盖(12)at first 起初,首先from first to last自始至终first of all 首先,第一(13)be filled with 充满......(= be full of)(14)put away把……收起来放好put on穿上put off推迟,延期put out熄灭put down放下put up建造;挂起;举起put…on…把……放在……上put together 放在一起(15)sth. needs doing 某物/事需要被做=sth. needs to be done(16)have a big meal 吃大餐(17)it’s time to do sth 到/是做某事的时候了(=it’s time for doing sth/ sth)(18)make sb. sth. = make sth. for sb. 为某人做某物Unit9 Can you come to my party?(1)prepare sth. 准备......prepare to do sth. 准备做某事prepare for an exam 为考试做准备prepare for (doing)sth. 为某事做准备prepare sth. for... 为……准备某物make preparations for 做准备(2)hang out闲逛,徘徊,逗留(=hang about)hang up挂断(电话)hang on不挂断(3)take a trip 去旅行(4)reply to(sb./sth.) 对......作出回答或答复reply for 致答辞;谢辞a reply to... 对......的答复in reply (to) 作为(对……的) 答复,为答复……(5)hear from sb. 收到某人来信(6)the day after tomorrow后天(7)another time 别的时间(8)look forward to 盼望,期待(9)turn down 拒绝(10)the day before yesterday前天(11)have the flu 患流感(12)go to the doctor 看医生(13)come to the party来参加聚会(14)meet friends见朋友(16)have to 不得不(16)invite sb to do 邀请某人做某事invite sb to someplace 邀某人去某地invite sb. for a drink 请某人喝酒(17)refuse sb. 拒绝某人refuse (sb.) to do 拒绝某人去做某事refuse sb. sth.为某事拒绝某人(作为及物动词)(18)catch one's breath 喘气,吓一跳,(由惊吓)暂时停止呼吸catch out 发觉某人的过失/错误,找破绽catch up with赶上(19)to one’s surprise 使某人吃惊的是……in surprise 吃惊地be surprised at/about 对……感到吃惊/意外(20)too much强调much,修饰不可数名词much too强调too,修饰形容词或副词(21)thanks for…为……而感谢,后接名词、代词或动名词thanks to 幸亏,由于thank sb. for sth. 为某事感谢某人be thankful to sb. for sth. 因某事而对某人心存感激(22)be busy doing sth. 忙于做某事be busy with sth. 忙于……(23)call sb. 给某人打电话(=ring sb.phone sb.ring sb. upgive sb. a callgive sb. a ringmake a phone call to sb.)(24)look forward to期待,盼望(to是介词,后面接名词,代词或动名词作宾语)(25)not…until…直到……才(26)have to 客观上不得不must主观上必须(27)can’t help doing sth 禁不住做某事help oneself to 随便用……with the help of =with one’s help在……的帮助下help sb. out 帮助某人摆脱困境help sb.(to)do sth. 帮助某人做某事Unit10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time! (1)keep…to oneself保守秘密;不与人来往,不交际keep doing sth. 继续做某事,保持某种状态(2)in the end/at last 最后,终于(3)make a mistake/make mistakes 犯错误by mistake错误地(不是故意做某事)(4)too…to…太……而不能……(5)advise sb. (not)to do sth. 建议某人(不)做某事(6)be angry with sb. 生某人的气be / get angry at / about sth. 因某事而生气(7)cut...in half 把……切成两半/一切为二be halfway to …完成了或做了事情的一部分(此处to是介词)(8)have lots of worries 有很多烦恼(9)the first step to do sth. 做某事的第一步(10)ask for advice 寻求建议a piece of advice一条建议give sb. advice (on) 给……提(有关……)的建议take one’s advice 听从某人的建议(11)have problems with…在……某方面有问题(12)run away from 逃离(13)solve (=deal with)problems 解决问题(14)go to the party 参加聚会go fishing 去钓鱼(15)be upset with sb. 生某人的气upset oneself 使某人自己心烦气乱(16)do enough exercise 做足够的运动(17)cook/make dinner/supper 做晚饭(18)have lots of money 有很多钱(19)eat too much 吃得太多(20)help others 帮助别人(21)a great soccer player 一个伟大的足球运动员(22)travel around the world 周游世界(23)have / be an experience有/是一次经历be experienced in 在……方面有经验have no experience at all 完全没有经验rich experience 丰富的经验practical experience 实务经验,实践经验(24)in the end 最后,终于(=at last,finally)by the end of到……为止,在……以前at the end of在……末尾,在……尽头(25)be afraid of/to do sth. 害怕做某事,不敢做某事(此外be afraid of还可以表示担心可能会发生某事)(26)worry about /over sth/sb担心某事/某人worry about=be worried about 担心(27)ask sb. to do sth. 请求/要求某人做某事其否定形式为ask sb. not to do sth.第21 页共21 页。
英语周计划七上week1答案
英语周计划七上week1答案篇一:英语《周计划》答案第七周Monday,acccdbbTuesday bcadcabaWednesday1、no,he didn’there arenotshoesinhissize.2、it’s200dollars.3、hebought abrownsuit .4、the shop assistantgavehim 80 dollarschange.5、d6、c7、dThursdaycbeadcbadFriday1-5略(到时再问我啦)6、c7、d8、a9、d第8周,MondaybdeaccdabTuesday aadd5、colin wallis 6、187、略8、012 25638147Wednesday bcccdacabacbThursday 1、grandma2、good3、broken 4、see5、eggs6、c7、b8、d9、cFridaycadca 6、language7、c8、c第9周Monday 1、speak 2、watching 3、movies 4、when5、see6、d 7、c8、d9、bTuesday tfftf dcddWednesdayccdd5、chairman 6、house7、8、importantThursday caacb tftftFriday bddd ffttt第10周MondaycabbfttfrfTuesdayddcbdcdcWednesday dddcbcdbThursday adcadcFriday dabc5-8略第11周MondaydcdbdfffftTuesday adcaacbcbWednesday 1、$1500 2、for fishing 3-5略dadc ThursdaycdddffttFriday1-5略ftfttffloor第12周MondaydccbdadcTuesdaytftffccdbWednesdaydcadt 6-8略9、发现他的困难后,其他的野鹅绕着池塘飞,很明显是在鼓励他,但这也没用。
七年级下册英语unit1-10课文原文
七年级下册英语unit1-10课文原文Unit 1n A 2dBob and Jane are discussing which club to join。
Bob wantsto join a sports club and he can play soccer。
so Jane suggests he join the soccer club。
Jane is good at telling stories。
so Bob suggests she join the story telling club。
Jane also likes to draw。
so Bob suggests she join both the story telling club and the art club。
They both agree to join the clubs.n B 2a___ introduces himself and says ___ introduces himself and says he can play ping pong and ___ with people。
Alan introduces himself and says he is in the school music club。
He can play the guitar and piano。
and he can sing and dance too.2bAd A is for help for old people。
Ad B is for a music teacher wanted。
and Ad C is for help with sports in English.___: Yes。
it is。
But since my work le is different from most people。
my meal times are also different。
新人教版英语八上全1-10单元(Units1-10课文+翻译)
英语Go for it!八年级上册1 - 10单元(课文+翻译)Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? ---------------------------------- P 2你去哪儿度假了?Unit 2 How often do you exercise? -------------------------------------- P4你多久锻炼一次?Unit 3 I’m more outgoing than my sister. ----------------------------- P6我比我的姐妹外向。
Unit 4 What’s the best movie theater? ---------------------------------- P8 最好的电影院是哪家?Unit 5 Do you want to watch a game show? -------------------------- P 10你想看个游戏节目吗?Unit 6 I'm going to study computer science. ------------------------- P 12我打算学习计算机科学。
Unit 7 Will people have robots? ---------------------------------------- P 14人们将会有机器人吗?Unit 8 How do you make a banana milk shake? -------------------- P16 你怎样制作香蕉奶昔?Unit 9 Can you come to my party? ------------------------------------P18 你能来我的聚会吗?Unit 10 If you go to the party, you’ll have a great time! -------------P20如果你去参加聚会的话,你将会玩得非常高兴!Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation? 你去哪儿度假了?Section A —1b(P1)Conversation 1(对话1)Xiang Hua: Hey, Tina. Where did you go on vacation? 嘿,蒂娜。
五年级英语一般现在时态练习week1
一般现在时态练习题一、动词第三人称变化规律:(1)一般情况,直接加。
(2)以结尾的单词,加。
(3)以结尾的单词,去,加。
(4)特殊情况:。
二、写出下列单词的第三人称单数形式。
ask---- meet---- teach---- sit----kick---- look---- listen---- eat----put---- knock---- open---- give---- see---- pull---- show---- wash---- try---- take---- wake---- shut---- count---- share---- post---- play---- hide---- seek---- hold---- stand---- do---- jump---- stop---- touch----三、用所给动词的一般现在时填空。
1. We often (play) in the playgrounnd.2. He (get) up at six o’clock.3. you (brush) your teeth every morning?4. What (do) he usually (do) after school?5. Danny (study) English, Chinese, Maths at school.6. Mike sometimes (go) to the park with his sister.7. At eight at night, she (watch) TV with his family.8. Mike (read) English every day?9. How many lessons your classmate (have) on Monday?10. What time his mother (do) the housework?11、Tom (get) up early everyday.12、John (walk) to school every morning.13、Jack usually (play) football every afternoon with his friends.14、(do)Jack like taking photos?15、His parents (do) like sports.(否定四、按要求改写句子。
飞跃听力答案Week1-10
1-5 BACBA 6-10 BDBBA 11-15 DBCCC 16-20 ABDBC 21-25 DCCBDSection C: compound dictationVery high waves are destructive when they (26)strike the lands. Fortunately, this (27) seldom happens. One reason is that out at sea, waves moving in a different direction. The two (28) sets of waves tend to cancel each other out. Another reason is that water is (29) shallower near the shore. As a wave gets closer to land, the shallow (30) bottom helps reduce its (31 ) strength .But the power of waves striking the shore can still be very great. During a winter gale, waves sometimes strike the (32) shore with the force of 6,000 pounds for each (33) square foot. That means a wave, 25 feet high and 500 feet along its face, may (34) strike the shore with a force of 75 million pounds .Yet (35) the waves, no matter how big or how violent, affect only the surface of the sea. During the most raging storms, (36) the water a hundred fathoms(600 feet ) beneath the surface is just as calm as on the day without a breath of wind.Week 21-5 CDDDC 6-10 CAACA 11-15 BDBAD 16-20 DACAD 21-25 CCBBDSection C: compound dictationThe lack of persistence is the reason most people fail in attaining their goals. Many organizational analysts and (26) career consultants consider persistence to be the (27) ultimate key to success at both the organizational and (28) personal level.Success (29) seldom comes easily on the first try. What (30) separates the successful from the unsuccessful is persistence. Successful people also fail (31) occasionally but they do not let their failures(32) defeat their(33)spirit. Foot. (34)Successful people learn from defeats, revise their strategy as needed and try again. And again. And again. Until they succeed. (35) Unsuccessful people try something one or two times and when it falls they give up, usually passing the blame on someone or something else, and learn nothing from their experience other than perfecting their scapegoating techniques. Successful people expect periodic defeats, learn what went wrong and why, don't waste time looking for someone to blame, make necessary adjustments, and try again. (36)If you are persistent, you will almost inevitably succeed. if you are not persistent, you will almost certainly fail.Week 31-5 ADDBA 6-10 DDCDD 11-15 BDBCB 16-20 DCAAD 21-25 CDCBASection C Compound dictationWe must (26) admit that their job is not the most (27) romantic one in the world. We often take dustmen for (28) granted . Perhaps because they usually come very early in the morning, before most people are up, we are (29)inclined to forget that they exist. Our dustbins are emptied (30) regularly , but we (31) rarely stop to think about the men who do this. However, it is one of the most important jobs in the world, and when there are no dustmen to take away the rubbish the (32) general public soon becomes (33) aware that something is wrong.Recently, the dustmen of England went on strike for higher wages. (34)During the first few days it was regarded as a joke and some people thought this strike was very amusing. As the strike continued, the dustbins were overflowing in nearly every backyard in the country; the joke did not seem so funny any more. (35) When the strike was over, and the wages dispute had been settled, it took several weeks for the country to get cleaned up completely. Because during the two-week's strike, so much rubbish had accumulated, (36)perhaps now the English people appreciate the work of their dustmen rather more highly, and won’t take them for granted any more.Week 41-5 BDDBD 6-10 CAABD 11-15 DBADD 16-20 DCDCD 21-25 ACADD26. essential 27. blessing 28. advantages 29. outweigh30. comparatively 31. endless 32. amusement 33. maintain34. The television viewer need do nothing. He is completely passive and has everything presented to him without any effort on hispart35. We get so used to looking at its movements, so dependent on its flickering pictures, that it begins to dominate our lives36. I think we must realize that television in itself is neither good nor bad. It is the uses to which it is put that determine its value tosocietyWeek 51-5 DADCB 6-10 BCCAB 11-15 DCCCD 16-20 BDACD 21-25 DCBDD26. necessarily 27. replace 28. created 29. limited30. series 31. extended 32. existing 33.introduced34. But in our own time, we have had an opportunity to see how and why such predictions were wrong.35. Equipment could be designed that would change our entire idea on communication.36. Older inventions, like the telephone, or the television, will not be got rid of although their roles may be changed greatly.Week 61-5 CCDAC 6-10 DCABA 11-15 CDCAB 16-20 CAADB 21-25 CDDCC26. topic 27. exaggerated 28. confusing 29. compete30. application 31. handling 32. widespread 33. calculation34. Another example of the same sort of process has been the use of computers by banks to provide up-to-date records of client’saccounts35. The most successful example is perhaps the use of computers by airlines to control seat reservation and provide information about flights36. One could take a series of photographs of the area, from which, the amount of rise and fall of the landscape can be analyzedwithin a few inchesWeek 71-5 BDDAA 6-10 BDBDC 11-15 BBADB 16-20 CADAC 21-25 DAAAD26. completing 27. graduate 28. attend 29. mail30. courses 31. improve 32. Instead 33. explore34. They attend continuing education programs at a community college or public school35. Education experts say the large number of retired Americans is a major reason for the popularity of adult education36. This program teaches older adults about the culture of this famous cityWeek 81-5 DBACA 6-10 BCDAB 11-15 ADDAA 16-20 CDBAB 21-25 BACBB26. thrill 27. champions 28. slopes 29. marvel30. ceremonies 31. roars 32. parade 33. march34. A high point of ceremonies is the lighting of the Olympic flame. You may wonder why a runner carries a flaming torch to light thefire.35. The goal of Olympic athletes is expressed in their motto, “swifter, higher, and stronger.” By undergoing the stress and strain oftough competition, they grow in strength, endurance, discipline.36. Each Olympic year their creed reminds them that the most important thing in the Games is not winning, but talking part.Week 9 参考答案Section AA D CB D DABBCAADCASection B BADCCABBBBSection CdeficitleisureencourageslifestylesprofoundrelationshipdeprivationrecommendedIn fact, nearly one-third report sleeping less than seven hours each week night, though many adults say they try to sleep more on weekends.And they would sleep more if they were convince it would contribute to their quality of life Perhaps some of you callers may be able to shed some further lightWeek 10Section A1-5 DDCCD 6-10 BACBA 11-15 DCADCSection B16-20 CACBA 21-25 ACABASection C26. gifted 27. garage 28. mechanic 29. engine 30. constantly31. consultant 32. specializes 33. dentists34. They are one skill away from great wealth35. I have mentioned before that financial intelligence is a synergy of accounting, investing,marketing and law36. When it comes to money, the only skill most people know is to work hard。
新目标八年级英语上册1-10单元作文范文
Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?假设你的名字叫小明。
你很喜欢旅游,你和家人去年夏天去了长城。
请以“The visit to the Great Wall” 为题,写一篇不少于80词的英语短文。
My name is Xiaoming and I like traveling very much. Last summar, I went to the Great Wall with my family.It was fine that day. We went there by bus early in the morning. When we got there, there were many other visitors there. when my family and I went onto the Great Wall, we saw beautiful scenery(风景). We all were amazed(惊讶的) by how beautiful it was. We took quite a few photos there.We had a good time there. The time flew by, and soon we had to go back. I was tired after traveling, but I really enjoyed visiting the Great Wall!Unit2 How often do you exercise?你的生活和饮食习惯健康吗?请以“My Lifestyle”为题写一篇短文来介绍你的生活饮食习惯。
词数:80左右。
Let me tell you a little about my lifestyle. I often eat fruit and vegetables. Apples and oranges are my favorites. I love junk food, too, and I eat it three or four times a week. I sleep less than seven hours ever day. I often feel sleepy. I brush my teeth once a day. I run in the morning, and play ping-pong after school. In my free time, I enjoy surfing the Internet. On weekends, I often go to the movies with my friends.I think I’m kind of unhealthy. I shouldn’t eat too much junk food. I’ll try to have a balanced diet and sleep more. I should brush my teeth twice a day. I hope I can have a better lifestyle.Unit3 I’m more outgoing than my sister?请以“My best friend”为题写一篇介绍你的朋友的短文。
初四月考英语试题unit1-10含答案.docx
初四月考试题一、选择(10分)1.My grandmother in the city, but now he the lifein the countryside.ed to live; is used toB. is used to live; is used toC. is used to living; used toD. used to live; used to2.There are number of women teachers in our schoolnumber of women teachers 200.A.a; the; isB. a; the; areC. the; a; isD. the; a; are3.—Your car looks really nice.How much did you it?-Thank you. It me 150,000 yuanA.spend;tookB.spend;pay forC.take;pay forD.pay for;cost4.You swim in this part of the lake .It's not safe .A. mustn'tB. needn'tC. won'tD. may not5.-How long have your parents? -For more than twenty yearsA. marriedB. is marriedC. got marriedD. been married6.Is this the river I can swimA. whichB. in whichC. thatD. the one7.Why do you always think important to learn Chinese?A. thatB. itC. thisD. /.8.—Did you study any other languages English when you were at college?-—Yes, I studied three. But I have forgotten all a few wordsof each.A. besides; besidesB. but; exceptC. except; exceptD. besides; but9.He his own company by the end of last week.A.had builtB.has builtC.has been builtD.had been built10.His words made me.A. embarrassingB. embarrassedC. embarrassD. to embarrassed二、完形填空(15)Football may be the most ] of the games. People in many 2 around theworld like playing it. In the 19th century 3 in England first played this kind of balls. The players moved the ball 4 .The first international football game was between England and Scotland in 1872. Football is played by 5 with eleven men on each team. Each team has one way to 6 . It must score more goals 7 the other team. Each 8 in games is one point.Football is a round ball Players may kick it and 9 it by any part of the body except the 10 . Only one player on the team can use his hands. This player is the goal keeper.A football game usually 11 for ninety minutes. The teams play for forty-five minutes, and then take a short rest. After this halftime rest, they play again for 12 forty-five minutes. Now football is one of 13 played in the Olympics. Another important international football match is called the World Cup. The World Cup is had 14 every four years. The 15 of the World Cup match is the world champion football team.( )1. A. careful B. popular C. dangerous D. difficult( ]2.A. towns B. cities C. villages D. countries( ]3.A. people B. English C. children D. football( ]4.A. with his foot B. by his feetC. with their feetD. by their feet( ]5.A. two teams B. three teamsC. one teamD. four teams( ]6.A. win B. winning C. won D. winner( ]7.A. as B. like C. than D. in(]8.A. football B. goal C. ball D. player( ]9.A. move B. use C. carry D. lift( )10.A. feet B. heads C. hands D. bodies( Jll.A.begins B. lasts C. kicks D. gets ( J12.A. other B. others C. the others D. another( J13.A. the sport teams B. the sport teamC. the team sportsD. the team sport( J14.A. first B. one C. once D. the first( )15.A. win B. winning C. won D. winner三、阅读理解(20)ACause and effect is one way to explain things that happen around us.Many things happen because something caused or influenced them to happen. Sometimes it is hard to look at a cause and find out what causes the effect.lt may help you to start with the effect and use your reasoning (推理的]skills.Think about all the things you know that could be reasons for the effect you can see. For example, you may see someone putting on a heavy jacket.This is the effect.To look for a cause, think to yourself, "What would make someone put on a heavy jacket ? ”Maybe the person is going outside into very cold weather. Maybe the person works in the penguin pen (企鹅圈养地]at Sea World. Maybe the person is going to visit an ice skating rink where the air is kept very cold.AH of these things could be a cause for putting on a heavy jacket.Now, think about a second example. The effect is a boy named Abi has to go to the head teacher's office. What are the possible causes ? Maybe he bullied (欺负]another student. Maybe he is just being picked up early. Maybe he is being given a prize!Here is another example for you to think about its cause and effect. Cait, 13, was trying to fall asleep when her 8->year~>old brother, Doug, came into her room.He looked around a bit, but seemed really out of it. Then Doug went back into the hallway and stood there looking straight up at the hall light for quite a while.Little brothers can be very strange, but this was really much too strange.Cait didn't know what to do. Just then, Cait's father appeared and explained that Doug was sleepwalking. What's the cause and effect, could you tell?( )1. According to the second paragraph, which of the following is an effect?A.Someone puts on a heavy jacket.B.Someone works in the penguin pen.C.Someone will go outside into cold weather.D.Someone will go to visit an ice skating rink.( )2. Abi has to go to the head teacher's office.Which of the following isn't the possible cause?A. He bullied another student.B. He is going shopping.C. he is being picked up early.D. He is being given a prize.( )3. What was Doug doing when his sister Cait tried to fall asleep?A. He was going outside.B. He was reading a story.C. He was sleepwalking.D. He was looking for his dad.( )4. Which of the following is cause and effect?A.Tony got up and had a glass of water.B.We came home and found him sleeping.C.The ball was lost and a window was broken.D.Tim was late again and his teacher got angry.()5. What is the best title for the text?A. Truth and liesB. Work and sleepC. Cause and effectD. Life and dreamsB"Homestay is a form of study abroad program.lt allows the visitor to rent a room from a local family to better understand the local lifestyle.lt also helps to improve the visitor's language ability, "said a teacher during a school meeting last term/Students who wish to learn more about foreign cultures or to get foreign experience should join this kind of holiday.1 am sure you won't be disappointed.”After this special meeting, I always thought about this kind of st month, I had a chance at last to go on such a holiday with some of my schoolmates and we went to London, a place where I had wanted to go since years ago.As we were still young, we had a group leader who planned things for us and looked after us.After we got to London, we went to stay with different families.I was lucky that my host family was a white couple who had a daughter about my age.They treated me as a daughter of their family during my stay there.They were interested in me and I learnt a lot of things from them, too.The holiday was filled with activities every day.After breakfast, a local teacher would come to take us in his car.Then we would have classes or go on a sight-seeing trip to different places of interest like the Big Ben, theLondon Bridge, and the Buckingham Palace.We would go back to our own homes after the activities.The holiday was a valuable experience for me.I enjoyed every minute of it. Yet, time really flew fast.Three weeks later, we had to leave "home" for Hong Kong.( )6. In the "homestay" program, a visitor can .A. learn more about holidaysB. understand his culture betterC. improve the language abilityD.take part in foreign meetings ( )7. The writer had wanted to visit London since .A. last monthB. years agoC. the special meetingD. her stay abroad( )8. The group leader shouldA. make plans for the familyB. take care of the studentsC. stay with different fam山esD. rent rooms to the students ( )9. The writer's host familyA. was very kind to herB. went sight-seeing with herC. had two white daughtersD. was interested in her activities ( )10. From the passage, we know that the writer in London.A.wished to stay a little longerB.spent three weeks in her homeC.had classes in many interesting placesD.helped the teacher take the students in a carcIn 1988, Lai Ning died from trying to put out a forest fire when he was only 14 years old. In November 1988, he was named a revolutionary martyr(革命烈士]and set up as an example for other teenagers to follow. Lai Ning was really a great boy.However; in today's China, Lai has been replaced by pop stars from Taiwan or Hong Kong, and people are struggling to find an answer to whether it's right or not. In fact, some rules have changed in school such as "Try to save others in danger" has been replaced by "Learn to protect yourself”.What's more, China's Ministry of Education doesn't encourage teenage heroism for under-age students. ⑴Schools are not allowed to make students carry out emergencies〔突发事件).Only specialists and adults are encouraged to do that.“The change shows China's progress on the views of the teenage heroism, "experts said.⑵“Teenagers should try their best to help others if they can make sure they are safe. But to protect teenagers, the Chinese government doesn't encourage under-age youths to save others if it's dangerous for their lives.”1.When was Lai Ning born according to the passage?2.Was Lai Ning set up as an example for other teenagers to follow in 1988?3.What has replaced "Try to save others in danger"?4.将匣文中画线句子(1)翻译成汉语。
人教版八年级英语上册1-10单元学霸笔记
⼈教版⼋年级英语上册1-10单元学霸笔记Unit1单元⼩结⼀、重点单词:anyone, wonderful, something, nothing, myself, bored, someone, diary, enjoyable, activity, decide, bird, bicycle, building, trader, wonder, difference, wait, umbrella, below, enough, hungry, duck, dislike⼆、词性变换:me (反⾝代词)enjoy (形容词)decide (名词)build (名词)difference (形容词)wet(反义词)hungry(名词)like (反义词)expensive(反义词)wonder (形容词)active (名词)三、重点短语:go on vacation, stay at home, go to the mountains, visit museums, go out, take photos, quite a few, of course, something special, have a good/fun time, feel like, walk up to, because of, decide to do, ride bicycles to, make notes, find out, go on, come up. study fora test, long time no see, most of the time, arrive in, along the way, go to the beach, upand down,四、重点语法结构:1.⼀般过去时态(标志词,句式)I was a middle school student two years ago.He went to the beach yesterday.2.不定代词⽤法--thing,指物,--one,指⼈。
人教版英语八年级上册unit-1--10知识点
新版八年级上册(Units1~10)英语基础知识单元分类Unit 1 Where did you go on vacation?一、词组、短语:1、go on vacation去度假,2、stay at home 呆在家,3、go to the mountains 上山/进山,4、go to the beach到海边去,5、visit museums 参观博物馆,6、go to summer camp 去夏令营,7、quite a few 相当多,8、study for为……学习,9、go out 出去,10、most of the time 大部分时间/绝大多数时间,11、taste good 尝起来味道好,12、have a good time玩的开心,13、of course当然可以,14、feel like感觉像……/想要,15、go shopping购物,16、in the past 在过去,17、walk around绕……走,18、too many 太多(可数名词前面),19、because of 因为,20、one bowl of 一碗……,21、find out 查出来/发现,22、go on继续,23、take photos 照相,24、something important重要的事情,25、up and down上上下下,26、come up出来二、重要句子Where did you go on vacation?你到哪里去度假了?I went to New York City.我去了纽约城Did you go out with anyone? 你出去带人吗?No, No one was here. Everyone was on vacation.不,没有人在这儿。
大家度去度假了。
Did you buy anything special?你买了什么特别的东西吗?Yes, I bought something for my father.对,我给父亲买了一些东西。
人教版八年级英语上册1-10单元知识清单1
less adv.(较少;较小)adj.&pron.(较少的;更少的)
短语
SECTION A how often(多久一次),on weekends(在周末),help with housework (帮忙做豕务),hardly ever(几乎从不),every day(每一天),onee a week(一周一 次),use the Internet(使用互联网),swing dance(摇摆舞),have class(上课),stay up(熬 夜),eat a healthy breakfast(吃健康的早餐),at least(至少;不少于;起码)
副词:hardly(几乎不;几乎没有),ever(在任何时候;从来;曾经),
once(一次;曾经),twice(两次;两倍),maybe(大概;或许;可能) 兼类词:swing n.(摆动;秋千)v.【(使)摆动;摇摆】,
least adv.(最小;最少)adj.&pron.(最小的;最少的)
SECTION B名词:junk(无用的东西;无价值的东西),coffee(咖啡),
health【健康;人的身体(或精神)状态】,result(结果;后果),percent
(百分之),television(电视节目;电视机),mind(头脑;心智),body(身体),
writer(作者作家),dentist(牙科医生),magazine(杂志;期刊),point(得分;点)动词:die(消失;灭亡;死亡)
SELF CHECKbring back(带回来),so…that…如此以至于),
up and down(上上下下),come up(升起)
Week 1-1 - 10 Famous Speeches in English
10 Famous Speeche s in English, and What you can l earn from them Speech is an essential element of language, one that we all employ in our daily lives. What about a speech?A speech is a formal address, delivered to an audience, that seeks to convince, persuade, inspire or inform. From historic moments to the present day, the English language has given us some extraordinary examples of the spoken word. A powerful tool in the right – or wrong – hands, spoken English can, and has, changed the world.We’ve chosen ten of the most famous speeches in English. They rangethem today. We’ve examined each for the tricks of the oratory trade. After each speech you’ll find some bullet points outlining its most distinctive rhetorical features, and why a speechwriter would include them. Remember these celebrated rhetoricians the next time you have to give a speech in public – be this at a wedding, award ceremony or business conference.Don’t be afraid of giving speeches in English!1. Martin Luther King I Have a Dream 1963We couldn’t have an article about speeches without mentioning this one. Incredibly famous and iconic, Martin Luther King changed the character of speech making.I have a dream today. I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together. What makes this a great speech?- Abstract nouns like “dream” are incredibly emotional. Our dreams are an intimate part of our subconscious and express our strongest desires. Dreams belong to the realm of fantasy; of unworldly, soaring experiences. King’s repetition of the simple sentence “I have a dream” evokes a picture in our minds of a world where complete equality and freedom exist.- It fuses simplicity of language with sincerity: something that all persuasive speeches seek to do!- Use of tenses: King uses the future tense (“will be able”, “shall be”, “will be made””), which gives his a dream certainty and makes it seem immediate and real.- Thanks to its highly biblical rhetoric, King’s speech reads like a sermon. The last paragraph we’ve quoted here is packed with biblical language and imagery.2. King George VI Radio Address 1939This speech was brought back to life recently thanks to the film, The King’s Speech (2010). While George VI will never go down in history as one of the world’s gifted orators, his speech will certainly be remembered. In this grave hour, perhaps the most fateful in history, I send to every household of my peoples, both at home and overseas, this message, spoken with the same depth of feeling for each one of you as if I were able to cross your threshold and speak to you myself.For the second time in the lives of most of us, we are at war.Over and over again, we have tried to find a peaceful way out of the differences between ourselves and those who are now our enemies, but it has been in vain.What makes this a great speech?- At only 404 words long, the speech is impressively economical with language. Its short length means that every word is significant, and commands its audiences’ attention.- This is a great example of how speechwriters use superlatives. George VI says that this moment is “the most fateful in history”. Nothing gets peoples’ attention like saying this is the “most important” or “best”.- “We”, “us” and “I”: This is an extremely personal speech. George VI is using the first person, “I”, to reach out to each person listening to the speech. He also talks in the third person: “we are at war”, to unite British people against the common enemy: “them”, or Germany.3. Winston Churchill We shall fight on the beaches 1940Churchill is an icon of great speech making. All his life Churchill struggled with a stutter that caused him difficulty pronouncing the letter “s”. Nevertheless, with pronunciation and rehearsal he became one of the most famous orators in history.…we shall defend our Island, whatever the cost may be, we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender, and even if, which I do not for a moment believe, this Island or a large part of it were subjugated and starving, then our Empire beyond the seas, armed and guarded by the British Fleet, would carry on the struggle, until, in God’s good time, the New World, with all its power and might, steps forth to the rescue and the liberation of the old.What makes it a powerful speech?- Structural repetition of the simple phrase “we shall…”- Active verbs like “defend” and “fight” are extremely motivational, rousing Churchill’s audience’s spirits.- Very long sentences build the tension of the speech up to its climax “the rescue and the liberation of the old”, sweeping listeners along. A similar thing happens in musical pieces: the composition weaves a crescendo, which often induces emotion in its audience.4. Elizabeth I Speech to the Troops 1588The “Virgin Queen”, Elizabeth I, made this speech at a pivotal moment in English history. It is a remarkable speech in extraordinary circumstances: made by a woman, it deals with issues of gender, sovereignty and nationality.I have come amongst you, as you see, at this time, not for my recreation and disport, but being resolved, in the midst and heat of the battle, to live and die amongst you all; to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom, and my people, my honour and my blood, even in the dust. I know I have the body but of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart and stomach of a king, and of a king of England too, and think foul scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe, should dare to invade the borders of my realm; to which rather than any dishonour shall grow by me, I myself will take up arms, I myself will be your general, judge, and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field.What makes this a great speech?- Elizabeth puts aside differences in social status and says she will “live and die amongst (her troops)”. This gives her speech a very inclusive message.- She uses antithesis, or contrasting ideas. To offset the problem of her femininity – of being a “weak and feeble woman” – she swiftly emphasises her masculine qualities: that she has the “heart and stomach of a king”.- Elizabeth takes on the role of a protector: there is much repetition of the pronoun “I”, and “I myself” to show how active she will be during the battle.5. Chief Joseph Surrender Speech 1877We’ve included this speech because there is something extremely raw and humbling about Chief Joseph’s surrender. Combining vulnerability with pride, this is an unusual speech and deserves attention.Tell General Howard I know his heart. What he told me before, I have it in my heart. I am tired of fighting. Our Chiefs are killed; Looking Glass is dead, Ta Hool Hool Shute is dead. The old men are all dead. It is the young men who say yes or no. He who led on the young men is dead. It is cold, and we have no blankets; the little children are freezing to death. My people, some of them, have run away to the hills, and have no blankets, no food. No one knows where they are – perhaps freezing to death. I want to have time to look for my children, and see how many of them I can find. Maybe I shall find them among the dead. Hear me, my Chiefs! I am tired; my heart is sick and sad. From where the sun now stands I will fight no more forever.What makes this a good speech?- This speech is a perfect example of a how a non-native speaker can make the English language their own. Chief Joesph’s rhetoric retains the feels and culture of a Native American Indian speaker, and is all the more moving for this.- Simple, short sentences.- Declarative sentences such as “I know his heart” and “It is cold” present a listener with hard facts that are difficult to argue against.6. Emmeline Pankhurst Freedom or Death 1913Traditionally silent, women tend to have been left out of rhetoric. All that changed, however, with the advent of feminism. In her struggle for the vote, Pankhurst and her fellow protesters were compelled to find a voice. You have left it to women in your land, the men of all civilised countries have left it to women, to work out their own salvation. That is the way in which we women of England are doing. Human life for us is sacred, but we say if any life is to be sacrificed it shall be ours; we won’t do it ourselves, but we will put the enemy in the position where they will have to choose between giving us freedom or giving us death.What makes this a great speech?- Direct acknowledgement of her audience through use of the pronoun you.- Pankhurst uses stark, irreconcilable contrasts to emphasize the suffragettes’ seriousness. Binary concepts like men/women,salvation/damnation, freedom/imprisonment and life/death play an important role in her speech.7. John F. Kennedy The Decision to go the Moon 19Great moments require great speeches. The simplicity of Kennedy’s rhetoric preserves a sense of wonder at going beyond human capabilities, at this great event for science and technology.We choose to go to the moon. We choose to go to the moon in this decade and do the other things, not because they are easy, but because they are hard, because that goal will serve to organize and measure the best of our energies and skills, because that challenge is one that we are willing to accept, one we are unwilling to postpone, and one which we intend to win, and the others, too.What makes this a great speech?- Simple sentence structures: “We choose to go to the moon” = Subject + Verb + Complement. The grammatical simplicity of the sentence allows an audience to reflect on important concepts, i.e. choice. Repetition emphasizes this.- Kennedy uses demonstrative (or pointing) pronouns e.g. “this decade”, “that goal” to create a sense of urgency; to convey how close to success the US is.8. Shakespeare The Tempest Act 3 Scene 2 c.1610Of course, any list of great speeches would be incomplete without a mention of the master of rhetoric, the Bard himself. If you caught the London Olympic Opening Ceremony you would have noticed that Kenneth Branagh delivered Caliban’s speech, from The Tempest.Be not afraid; the isle is full of noises,Sounds and sweet airs, that give delight and hurt not.Sometimes a thousand twangling instrumentsWill hum about mine ears, and sometime voicesThat, if I then had waked after long sleep,Will make me sleep again: and then, in dreaming,The clouds methought would open and show richesReady to drop upon me that, when I waked,I cried to dream again.What makes this a great speech?- It expresses a wonder and uncertainty of the world, and an inability to comprehend its mystery.- It is highly alliterative, a rhetorical trick that makes speech memorable and powerful.- Shakespeare uses onomatopoeia (e.g. “twangling”, “hum”: words whose sound is like they are describing) to make Caliban’s speech evocative.9. Shakespeare Henry V Act 3 Scene 1, 1598One of rhetoric’s most primal functions is to transform terrified men into bloodthirsty soldiers. “Once more unto the breach” is a speech that does just that. It is a perfect example of how poetry is an inextricable element of rhetoric.Once more unto the breach, dear friends, once more;Or close the wall up with our English dead.In peace there’s nothing so becomes a manAs modest stillness and humility:But when the blast of war blows in our ears,Then imitate the action of the tiger;Stiffen the sinews, summon up the blood,Disguise fair nature with hard-favour’d rageWhat makes this such a great rousing battle speech?-Shakespeare uses some fantastic imagery in King Henry’s speech. His “dear friends”, or soldiers, are tigers, commanded to block their enemies’ way with their dead comrades. This appeals to ideals of masculinity that men should be fierce and strong.-Orders and imperative verbs give the speaker authority.- Repetition of key phrases and units of sound: the vowel sounds in the repeated phrase “once more” are echoed by the words “or” and “our”. This makes it an extraordinarily powerful piece of rhetoric to hear spoken.10. William Lyon Phelps The Pleasure of Books 1933This speech was read a year before Nazis began their systematic destruction of books that didn’t match Nazi ideals. As major advocates of books at English Trackers, we’re naturally inclined to love speeches about their importance.A borrowed book is like a guest in the house; it must be treated with punctiliousness, with a certain considerate formality. You must see that it sustains no damage; it must not suffer while under your roof. You cannot leave it carelessly, you cannot mark it, you cannot turn down the pages, you cannot use it familiarly. And then, some day, although this is seldom done, you really ought to return it.What makes this a great speech?- Phelps personifies books in this speech; that is, he gives books human characteristics – like the capacity to “suffer”. Comparing a book to a guest creates novelty, which engages and holds the interest of a listener.- This speech uses both modal verbs (“must”, “ought”) and prohibitions (“you cannot”) to demonstrate both proper and improper behaviour.Some tips to bear in mind when writing a speech- KISS: the golden rule of Keep It Short and Simple really does apply. Keep your sentences short, your grammar simple. Not only is this more powerful than long rambling prose, but you’re more likely hold your audience’s attention – and be able to actually remember what you’re trying to say!- Rule of 3: another golden rule. The human brain responds magically to things that come in threes. Whether it’s a list of adjectives, a joke, or your main points, it’s most effective if you keep it to this structure.- Imagery: Metaphors, similes and description will help an audience to understand you, and keep them entertained.- Pronouns: Use “we” to create a sense of unity, “them” for a common enemy, “you” if you’re reaching out to your audience, and “I” / “me” if you want to take control.- Poetry: Repetition, rhyme and alliteration are sound effects, used by poets and orators alike. They make a speech much more memorable. Remember to also structure pauses and parentheses into a speech. This will vary the flow of sound, helping you to hold your audience’s attention. - Jokes: Humor is powerful. Use it to perk up a sleepy audience, as well as a rhetorical tool. Laughter is based on people having common, shared assumptions – and can therefore be used to persuade.- Key words: “Every”, “improved”, “natural”, “pure”, “tested’ and “recommended” will, according to some surveys, press the right buttons and get a positive response from your listeners.。
关于数字1-10的作文
关于数字1-10的作文英文回答:1. One: The number one is the smallest whole number. It represents unity and singularity. In English, we often use the phrase "one of a kind" to describe something unique or special. For example, I have a friend who has a one-of-a-kind talent for playing the piano. She can effortlesslyplay any song by ear.中文回答:1. 一,数字一是最小的整数。
它代表着统一和独一无二。
在中文中,我们常用短语“独一无二”来形容独特或特别的事物。
例如,我有一个朋友,她有独一无二的钢琴天赋。
她可以轻松地凭听觉弹奏任何歌曲。
英文回答:2. Two: The number two is associated with pairs andduality. In English, we have the expression "two peas in a pod" to describe two people who are very similar or closely connected. For instance, my sister and I are like two peas in a pod. We have the same taste in music and often finish each other's sentences.中文回答:2. 二,数字二与成对和二元性有关。
在中文中,我们有短语“一对一对的豆子”来形容两个人非常相似或紧密相连。
八年级上册英语Units1-10单元知识点归纳
八年级上册英语Units1-10单元知识点归纳(经典版)编制人:__________________审核人:__________________审批人:__________________编制单位:__________________编制时间:____年____月____日序言下载提示:该文档是本店铺精心编制而成的,希望大家下载后,能够帮助大家解决实际问题。
文档下载后可定制修改,请根据实际需要进行调整和使用,谢谢!并且,本店铺为大家提供各种类型的经典范文,如演讲稿、总结报告、合同协议、方案大全、工作计划、学习计划、条据书信、致辞讲话、教学资料、作文大全、其他范文等等,想了解不同范文格式和写法,敬请关注!Download tips: This document is carefully compiled by this editor. I hope that after you download it, it can help you solve practical problems. The document can be customized and modified after downloading, please adjust and use it according to actual needs, thank you!In addition, this shop provides you with various types of classic sample essays, such as speech drafts, summary reports, contract agreements, project plans, work plans, study plans, letter letters, speeches, teaching materials, essays, other sample essays, etc. Want to know the format and writing of different sample essays, so stay tuned!八年级上册英语Units1-10单元知识点归纳英语短语是重点知识点内容,是写作以及阅读的重要素材,下面是本店铺给大家带来的八年级上册英语Units1-10单元知识点归纳,希望能够帮助到大家!八年级上册英语Units1-10单元知识点归纳Unit1 Where did you go on vacation?go on vacation去度假 stay at home待在家里 go to the mountains去爬山go to the beach去海滩 visit museums 参观博物馆 go to summer camp去参观夏令营quite a few相当多 study for为……而学习 go out出去 most of the time大部分时间taste good尝起来很好吃 have a good time玩得高兴 of course 当然 feel like给……的感觉;感受到go shopping去购物 in the past在过去 walk around四处走走 because of因为one bowl of…一碗…… the next day第二天 drink tea喝茶find out找出;查明 go on继续take photos照相 something important重要的事 up and down 上上下下 come up出来buy sth. for sb. / buy sb. sth.为某人买某物taste + adj. 尝起来…… look+adj. 看起来……nothing…but+动词原形除了……之外什么都没有seem+(to be)+ adj. 看起来……arrive in+大地点 / arrive at+小地点到达某地decide to do sth.决定去做某事try doing sth.尝试做某事 / try to do sth.尽力去做某事forget doing sth.忘记做过某事/ forget to do sth.忘记做某事enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事 want to do sth.想去做某事start doing sth.开始做某事stop doing sth. 停止做某事 dislike doing sth. 不喜欢做某事 keep doing sth.继续做某事Why not do. sth.?为什么不做……呢?so+adj.+that+从句如此……以至于……tell sb. (not) to do sth. 告诉某人(不要)做某事Unit2 How often do you exercise?help with housework帮助做家务 on weekends在周末 how often多久一次 hardly ever几乎从不once a week每周一次 twice a month每月两次 every day每天 be free有空go to the movies去看电影 use the Internet用互联网 swing dance摇摆舞 play tennis打网球stay up late熬夜;睡得很晚 at least至少 have dance andpiano lessons上舞蹈课和钢琴课go to bed early早点睡觉 play sports进行体育活动 be good for对……有好处 go camping去野营not…at all一点儿也不…… in one’s free time在某人的业余时间 the most popular最受欢迎的such as比如;诸如 old habits die hard积习难改 go to the dentist去看牙医morn than多于;超过 less than少于help sb. with sth.帮助某人做某事 How about…? ......怎么样?/ ……好不好?want sb. to do sth.想让某人做某事 How many+可数名词复数+一般疑问句? ……有多少……?主语+find+that从句. ……发现…… spend time with sb.和某人一起度过时光It’s+ adj.+ to do sth. 做某事的……的。
一周的学习计划带翻译
一周的学习计划带翻译Week 1MondayMorning:- 9:00-10:00: Review notes from last week's lectures on economics.- 10:00-11:00: Read assigned chapters on microeconomics and take detailed notes.- 11:00-12:00: Complete and submit online quiz on the topic.Afternoon:- 1:00-2:00: Meet with study group to discuss upcoming group project on market structures. - 2:00-3:00: Work on individual portion of group project, researching industry examples of different market structures.- 3:00-4:00: Review and revise project outline based on group discussion.Evening:- 7:00-8:30: Attend online webinar on current trends in macroeconomics and take notes.- 8:30-9:30: Review and summarize key points from the webinar.TuesdayMorning:- 9:00-10:00: Attend virtual office hours with economics professor to seek clarification on last week's lecture material.- 10:00-11:00: Complete assigned reading on economic policy and prepare questions for class discussion.- 11:00-12:00: Write out answers to discussion questions and prepare to participate in class. Afternoon:- 1:00-2:00: Work on individual research project on the role of government in the economy. - 2:00-3:00: Conduct interviews with professionals in the field to gather primary data for the project.- 3:00-4:00: Organize and analyze research findings.Evening:- 7:00-8:30: Review and summarize the key concepts of the day's reading and research.- 8:30-9:30: Prepare outline for research project and set goals for the next few days. WednesdayMorning:- 9:00-10:00: Prepare presentation for group project on market structures.- 10:00-11:00: Meet with group to rehearse and refine presentation.- 11:00-12:00: Finalize and submit presentation materials.Afternoon:- 1:00-3:00: Attend special lecture on global economic trends and take detailed notes.- 3:00-4:00: Review and summarize key points from the lecture.Evening:- 7:00-8:00: Engage in a virtual debate on economic policy with classmates.- 8:00-9:30: Reflect on the debate and write a brief reflection on personal insights and learning from the experience.ThursdayMorning:- 9:00-10:00: Meet with professor to discuss progress on individual research project and seek guidance on data analysis.- 10:00-11:00: Continue analyzing research data and refine project thesis.- 11:00-12:00: Write the first draft of the research project.Afternoon:- 1:00-2:00: Attend workshop on statistical analysis in economics and practice relevant techniques.- 2:00-3:00: Review and summarize key points from the workshop.- 3:00-4:00: Apply newly learned statistical techniques to research project data analysis. Evening:- 7:00-8:30: Continue working on the research project, focusing on data interpretation and drawing conclusions.- 8:30-9:30: Review and revise the first draft of the project.FridayMorning:- 9:00-10:00: Meet with study group to review and prepare for upcoming midterm exam. - 10:00-11:00: Work on practice problems and review key concepts for the exam.- 11:00-12:00: Discuss and clarify any remaining doubts with the group.Afternoon:- 1:00-3:00: Take practice exam to assess readiness for the midterm.- 3:00-4:00: Review and analyze the results of the practice exam to identify areas for improvement.Evening:- 7:00-9:00: Attend virtual study session with classmates to review and quiz each other on the week's material.- 9:00-10:00: Review and summarize key concepts and prepare a study guide for the midterm exam.SaturdayMorning:- 9:00-11:00: Review study guide and key concepts for the midterm exam.- 11:00-12:00: Take a practice exam under timed conditions to simulate the actual test. Afternoon:- 1:00-2:00: Reflect on the practice exam and identify any remaining areas for review.- 2:00-3:00: Review and summarize the week's learning and achievements.- 3:00-4:00: Plan and set goals for the upcoming week.Evening:- 7:00-9:00: Relax and engage in a leisure activity to recharge for the week ahead. SundayMorning:- 9:00-11:00: Review any remaining study material and do a final review of the week's notes. - 11:00-12:00: Prepare a study kit with all necessary materials for the exam.Afternoon:- 1:00-3:00: Attend to any last-minute questions or concerns with study group members.- 3:00-4:00: Engage in a relaxation technique to reduce exam anxiety and stress. Evening:- 7:00-9:00: Get a good night's sleep to ensure readiness for the midterm exam tomorrow.这一周我的学习计划安排得井井有条,充分利用了每天的时间,从早到晚都有明确的学习任务和目标。
2021-2022学年人教版 英语八年级上册Unit1-10期末短语句子总结
vacation? 1. Where did you go on vacation ? I went to the New York City.你去哪度假了? 我去了纽约。
2. Did you go anywhere interesting on summer vacation? 暑假你去了有趣的地方吗? 3. I just stayed at home most of the time to read and relax.我多数时间都呆在家里阅读和放松。
4. I liked this place because I bought something special and learned something important.我喜欢这个地方,因为我买了许多地方商品,并学到了许多重要的知识。
5. The only problem was that there was nothing much to do in the evening but read. 唯一的问题就是晚上除了阅读就没有什么事情可做了。
6.She seemed (to be ) excited.她好像很激动。
7. I wonder what life will be like here in 10 years. 我想知道这里的10年后生活将怎样。
8. Because of the bad weather, we couldn ’t see anything below.因为天气不好,我们没看到山下的任何景色。
9. I decided to walk around the town at last. 最后我决定在这城里走走。
10. There are many differences between Chinese and Japanese. 在汉语和日语之间有很多不同点。
11. I felt like I was a bird flying in the sky. 我觉得我自己像在空中飞翔的一只小鸟。
周一到周末英语单词
周一到周末英语单词星期一(Monday):1. Morning(早上)- The time between sunrise and noon.2. Alarm(闹钟)- A device used to wake a person up at a specific time.3. Commute(通勤)- The act of traveling from home to work and vice versa.4. Work(工作)- Activities performed to produce goods or provide services.5. Productivity(生产力)- The measure of how efficiently resources are used to achieve a task or goal.6. Deadline(截止日期)- The date or time by which something needs to be completed.7. Lunch(午餐)- A meal eaten in the middle of the day.8. Afternoon(下午)- The time between noon and evening.9. Meeting(会议)- An organized gathering of people to discuss a specific topic or make decisions.10. Collaboration(合作)- Working together with others to achieve a common goal.星期二(Tuesday):1. Breakfast(早餐)- The first meal of the day, usually eaten in the morning.2. Email(电子邮件)- A digital message sent and received through an electronic communication system.3. Presentation(演示)- A visual or verbal display of information or ideas.4. Training(培训)- The process of teaching and learning specific skills or knowledge.5. Project(项目)- A planned undertaking with specific goals and timelines.6. Deadline(截止日期)- The date or time by which something needs to be completed.7. Teamwork(团队合作)- The collaborative effort of a group of individuals to achieve a common goal.8. Efficiency(效率)- The ability to accomplish a task with minimum time and effort.9. Problem-solving(解决问题)- The process of finding solutions to difficulties or challenges.10. Happy hour(欢乐时光)- A period of time, usually in the late afternoon or early evening, where drinks are offered at discounted prices.星期三(Wednesday):1. Meeting(会议)- An organized gathering of people to discuss a specific topic or make decisions.2. Agenda(议程)- A list of items to be discussed or acted upon during a meeting.3. Presentation(演示)- A visual or verbal display of information or ideas.4. Discussion(讨论)- The act of exchanging opinions or ideas among a group of people.5. Deadline(截止日期)- The date or time by which something needs to be completed.6. Break(休息)- A short period of time during which a person pauses from work or other activities.7. Planning(规划)- The process of determining the course of action to achieve specific goals.8. Decision(决策)- A choice made between different options or possibilities.9. Delegation(委托)- The transfer of authority or responsibility to another person.10. Time management(时间管理)- The process of planning and organizing one's time effectively.星期四(Thursday):1. Morning(早上)- The time between sunrise and noon.2. Deadline(截止日期)- The date or time by which something needs to be completed.3. Report(报告)- A written or spoken account of an event, situation, or investigation.4. Analysis(分析)- The process of examining something in detail to understand its components or structure.5. Feedback(反馈)- Information given to a person about their performance or behavior.6. Progress(进展)- The forward movement towards achieving a goal or objective.7. Lunch(午餐)- A meal eaten in the middle of the day.8. Afternoon(下午)- The time between noon and evening.9. Presentation(演示)- A visual or verbal display of information or ideas.10. Collaboration(合作)- Working together with others to achieve a common goal.星期五(Friday):1. Morning(早上)- The time between sunrise and noon.2. Meeting(会议)- An organized gathering of people to discuss a specific topic or make decisions.3. Brainstorm(集思广益)- The process of generating creative ideas or solutions through group discussion.4. Creativity(创造力)- The ability to think and generate original ideas or solutions.5. Break(休息)- A short period of time during which a person pauses from work or other activities.6. Networking(社交)- The act of connecting and building relationships with people for professional or social purposes.7. Afternoon(下午)- The time between noon and evening.8. Prioritization(优先级排序)- The process of determining the order in which tasks or goals should be addressed.9. Relaxation(放松)- The act of taking a break or engaging in activities that reduce stress or promote well-being.10. Weekend(周末)- The period of time between Friday evening and Sunday night, typically used for leisure and recreation.星期六和星期天(Saturday and Sunday):1. Weekend(周末)- The period of time between Friday evening and Sunday night, typically used for leisure and recreation.2. Relaxation(放松)- The act of taking a break or engaging in activities that reduce stress or promote well-being.3. Family(家庭)- A group consisting of parents and their children, living together as a unit.4. Friends(朋友)- People whom one knows, likes, and trusts.5. Hobbies(爱好)- Activities done during one's free time for enjoyment or relaxation.6. Rest(休息)- The act of ceasing work or activity to regain strength or energy.7. Netflix(在线视频平台)- A streaming service that offers a wide variety of movies, TV shows, and documentaries.8. Reading(阅读)- The act of interpreting written or printed material.9. Nature(大自然)- The physical world and its phenomena, including plants, animals, and landscapes.10. Recharge(充电)- The act of replenishing or restoring energy or vitality.。
1~10的英语单词四线格书写
1. ONE2. TWO3. THREE4. FOUR5. FIVE6. SIX7. SEVEN8. EIGHT9. NINE10. TEN这十个数字分别代表了从1到10的英语单词。
单词在日常生活中起到了非常重要的作用,无论是表达数字、计算数量还是进行交流,都离不开这些基本的数字单词。
在学习英语的过程中,掌握这些基本单词对于日常交流至关重要。
下面我们将对这十个数字单词进行详细介绍。
首先我们来看第一个数字单词,即"One",它表示数字"1",是最小的正整数。
"One"不仅表示数字,在英语中也有"一个"的意思。
它在表示数量、排位和唯一性方面都有广泛的应用。
比如在点菜时,如果只想要一个饮料,可以说"I would like one drink, please"。
接下来是"Two",代表数字"2"。
在日常生活中,我们经常会说"there are two apples on the table","my sister has two cats","I havetwo tickets for the concert"等等。
"Three"是"3"的英文表达,它常常用在时间、数量和描述方面。
比如"I'll meet you at three o'clock", "I have three friends from Canada"等。
"Four"表示数字"4",在英语中也常用于表示时间、日期和顺序。
比如"the meeting is scheduled for four o'clock", "there are four seasons in a year"等。
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材料加工新技术—高分子材料成型加工郑州大学材料科学与工程学院李海梅郑州2011.10.13主要内容•概述•高分子材料成型加工机械、设备•成型加工机械•成型加工工艺•高分子成型加工原理•成型加工质量•计算机技术在高分子材料加工的应用概述高分子材料的应用广泛Gl HelmetOuter shell:ABS Glasses Lenses:PC Ear piece:TPE Outer shell:ABSInner padding:PUR foamInner lining:PET fabricEar piece:TPE Nose pad:Si-rubber g Buckle:POMBoots Outer shell:HDPE Glovesb i A66Insulation:PUR foam Fabric:PETFabric:PA66Lining:PTFE fiberInsulation:PET firber 2010年冬奥会的比赛图片(王蒙冠军,China)概述:加工挤出过程加料机头挤出在螺杆中熔融塑化定型冷却牵引切割20112011--1111--2概述•学习的目的1)了解高分子成型加工的进展情况2)学会分析问题的方法•Polymer 课程特点1)5PProcessing Products 2)革新与创新的关系Performace*Prediction** Post Consuming life timeg高分子材料高分子材料15世纪,天然橡胶,Mayan1839年,天然橡胶的硫化,C. Goodyear1869年,赛璐珞(Celluloid), J. W. Hyatt 1869年,赛璐珞(Celluloid)J W Hyatt1907年,酚醛塑料(Bakelite), Leo Baekeland1920年,论聚合反应,Hermann Staudinger 1920年论聚合反应H S di …PVC,Teflon(PTFE), PS,PE, 丁钠橡胶和丁苯橡胶年尼龙;聚酯纤维() 1938年,尼龙,W. Carothers; 聚酯纤维(1940) 1950’s, 低压PE和PP,Ziegler-Natta Catalyst…各种功能高分子材料高分子材料中国的高分子科学研究起步于20世纪50年代初1950年合成橡胶和纤维素化学的研究1952年有机玻璃和尼龙6-61953年高分子溶液性质、高聚物粘弹性及高分子辐射化学的研究50年代末高分子化学首先发展壮大并形成学科基本内涵60年代中高分子物理学科形成80年代后期高分子工程领域初步形成学科基础研究内涵高分子材料分类9根据塑料的来源分:天然树脂、合成树脂。
9根据制造树脂的化学反应类型分:加聚型、缩聚型。
9根据聚合物链之间在凝固后的结构形态分:非结晶型(无定型)、半结晶型、结晶型。
9从化学结构及其基本行为分:热固性、热塑性两大类。
9从应用角度来区分:通用塑料、工程塑料两大类。
工程塑料中又可细分出特种工程塑料以及用在特殊场合的功能塑料,如医用塑料、光敏塑料、珠光塑料、导磁塑料、离子体塑料等。
9按塑料成型方法来分:有模压塑料、层压塑料、注射、挤塑、吹塑塑料、浇铸塑料、反应注射模塑等。
热塑性塑料)泛用塑料/通用塑料 结晶型-聚乙烯(PE)、聚丙烯(PP);非晶型-聚苯乙烯(PS))工程塑料 常用工程塑料 :结晶型-聚酰胺(PA)、聚缩醛(POM)、聚丁烯对苯二甲酸脂(PBT);․非晶型-聚碳酸脂(PC)、聚氧化二苯(PPO) 高性能工程塑料:结晶性-聚硫化甲苯(PPS)、液晶高分子(LCP)、 聚酰亚胺(PI)、 聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)、聚二醚酮(PEEK)、聚芳香脂 (PAR);․非晶性-聚砜(PSF)、聚醚砜(PES)、聚醚酰亚胺(PEI)、聚 酰胺亚胺(PAI))复合塑料-PO/PS,PC/ABS,PC/PBT,PC/PET,PA/PP等11热固性塑料)酚醛塑料(Bakelite) )不饱和聚脂(UP,Unsaturated polyester) )环氧塑脂(EP, Epoxy) )聚氨酯(PU,Polyurethane) )硅树脂(SI, Silicone) ) … …12高分子材料的添加剂增塑剂( (Plasticizers) )增塑剂是为了改善聚合物成型时的流动性能和增进制件的柔顺性所添加 的助剂。
可降低聚合物分子之间的作用力,这种作用就称为增塑作用。
填充剂(Fillers)填料多是对聚合物呈惰性的粉末状物质,以改善塑料的成型性能,提高 制件的使用性能,赋予塑料新的特性和降低成本(含量可达近40%)。
稳定剂(Stabilizers)阻缓塑料变质的物质,制止或抑制聚合物因受外界因素,如光、热、霉 菌等影响所引起的破坏作用;有热稳定剂、光稳定剂、抗氧剂等多种。
色料/染色剂(Colorants)色料赋予塑料以色彩或特殊的光学性能,不仅能使制件鲜艳、美观,有 时也能改善制件的耐候性。
13高分子材料的添加剂 抗静电剂(Antistatic Agents)塑料在成型过程中与模具或设备表面间有静电荷积蓄;带静电表面易吸尘, 电荷过强时会危击人身,甚至引起火灾。
防静电剂可使制件表面具有导电 的分子层消除所带静电。
发泡剂(Blowing Agents)发泡塑料制件中的发泡剂,以改善塑料的强度/重量比、隔音、绝热性能、 绝缘性能等。
在发泡塑料中介绍。
阻燃剂(Flame Retardants)塑料作为有机物,易燃,阻燃剂可提高塑料的应用安全,拓展其应用范 围。
塑料可燃性的表征参数为:氧指数 LOI (Limiting Oxygen Index),或CO I(Critical Oxygen Index)ASTM D 2863。
空气中氧气体积量为21%,氧指数>0.21认为是阻燃的,工程中认 为LOI>0.27 LOI>0 27是阻燃的。
如 是阻燃的 如PS 0.185 0 185,PC0.27, PC0 27 PVC0.42 PVC0 42。
14阻燃剂常用塑料的经济型阻燃剂 (卤系阻燃剂)塑料名称 ABS High impact PS PA,PP PC PE PS PVC 阻燃剂 Octabromodiphenyl oxide 八溴二苯醚 Decabromodiphenyl oxide 十溴二苯醚 Dechlorane Plus 得克隆,敌可燃、双(六氯环戊 二烯)环辛烷 Tetrabromobisphenol A carbonate oligomer 四溴双酚A碳酸酯齐聚物 Chlorinated paraffin Phosphate ester 磷酸酯 氯化石蜡; 氯化烷烃 Pentabromoethane 五溴乙烷15阻燃原理• Br 阻燃效果优于 Cl • 燃烧反应: CH4 + OH → CH3 + H2O CH4 + O2 → CH3 + H +O2 • 阻燃反应:HBr 阻燃反应 HBr OH + HBr → H2O + Br CH4 + Br → HBr + CH3最新阻燃剂配方设计要点与新工艺 新技术新材料应用手册 ISBN:978 7887330888 其它关于阻燃剂方面的图书、文献。
¾卤系阻燃剂 : 溴系、氯系阻燃剂 0℃-300℃;有毒问题20¾磷及磷化合物的阻燃剂 磷酸的非燃性液态膜, 其沸点可达300℃;碳化 ¾无机阻燃剂 包括氢氧化铝、氢氧化镁、 膨胀石墨、硼酸盐、草酸铝 和硫化锌为基的阻燃剂;与 有机物相容性差16高分子材料的性能物理性质(Physical Property) 热性质(Thermal Property) 光学性质(Optical Property) 电学性质(Electrical Property) 机械性质(Mechanical Property) 渗透性质(Permeability Property):吸附、扩散与渗透、腐蚀声学性质(Acoustic Property):声的反射、吸收等17物理性质(Physical Property)) 比重(Specific Gravity) ) 比容积(Specific Volume) —密度的倒数 ) 粘度18塑料的热性质) 热传导系数(Thermal Conductivity) )比热容(Specific Heat) )热膨胀系数(Thermal Expansion Coefficient) )热转变点(Thermal Transition Point)玻璃转变温度(Glass Transition) 熔点(Melt Point)材料) 耐热温度(Heat Endurance Temperature) )热变形温度(Deflection Temperature)Vicat软化点 热变形温度19塑料的热性质 k20塑料的热性质 Cp热性能的测量 TGA、 DSC、 TMA21塑料的光学性质 ) 透明度(Transparency)) ) ) )玻璃>PS>石英>亚克力 折射率(Index of Reflection) 光泽度(Gloss) 光弹系数(Photo Elasticity) 颜色(Color)22塑料的电气性质)介电常数(Dielectric 介电常数( Constant) )PS2.5800Hz 2.5, 1MHz)电阻(Electrical Resistance)绝缘电阻(Insulation Resistance) 体积电阻(Volume Resistance) 表面电阻(Surface Resistance) )绝缘强度(Dielectric Strength))耐弧性(Dry Arc Resistance) )电磁干扰(Electro-Magnetic Interference) )磁共振 (magnetic resonance)23塑料的机械性能-应力应变关系材料常数 E,μ 拉伸特性(Tensile Property) 压缩特性(Compressive Property) 弯曲特性(Flexural Property) 剪切特性(Shear Property) 冲击强度(Impact Property) 蠕变特性(Creep Property) 应力松弛(Stress Relaxation) 疲劳特性(Fatigue Property)短期性能长期性能24拉伸模量与拉伸强度拉伸模量随温度变化25典型弯曲试验图26缺口冲击强度与料筒温度、料筒滞留时间的关系27塑料蠕变特性特征 随时间的经过而增大变形量 随时间的经过而降低破坏应力为弹性变形 为潜变变形ε为黏性变形 为全应变量蠕变大小反映了材料尺寸的稳定性和长期负载能力。