AUT_AIR_May12

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机务m9英语听力题库

机务m9英语听力题库Alright, here are some sample questions for an aviation maintenance (M9) English listening comprehension test, written in a conversational and diverse style:1. The pilot just radioed that we're experiencing a minor fuel leak in the right wing. We need to assess the damage and make a decision on whether to land immediatelyor continue to the nearest airport.2. The engine's oil pressure is fluctuating. We've gotto check the oil level and make sure there's no debris in the system. Safety is our top priority.3. The landing gear seems to be stuck. We'll have to manually override the system and lower the gear manually. Everyone, stay calm and follow the emergency procedures.4. The avionics system is showing some unusual readings. We'll need to troubleshoot and figure out if it's a sensorissue or a more serious problem.5. The autopilot is not responding to commands. We'll have to fly manually until we can determine the cause of the malfunction.6. We're getting a warning light for the auxiliary power unit. We should inspect it to ensure it's operating normally before takeoff.7. The cockpit windshield has a small crack. We'll need to assess if it's safe to continue flying or if we should make a detour to a nearby airport for repairs.8. The brakes are making strange noises. We'll have to inspect them after landing to ensure they're in good condition for our next flight.9. The in-flight entertainment system seems to be down. It's not a safety issue, but we'll have to look into it after the flight.10. The flight attendants report that some of the oxygen.。

期中测试卷八年级英语上册模拟测试卷(外研版)(含答案)

A．more, thanB．more, thenC．most, thenD．most, than
3．I want to know more about your city. Can you give me some ________ about it?
A．programsB．examplesC．informationD．results
Barcelona is the second largest city in Spain. The city13a long and interesting history. Even today it’s still one of the most important cities14the world.
Scientists asked 361 college students to watch a sad movie. The movie tells a story of two lovers who were separated. They died during World War II at the end of the movie. The 361 college students answered questions from the scientists before, after and three times during the movie to find out their different feeling, such as sadness.
According to the result, scientists found out that people felt better after watching the sad movie. Scientists believed this was because the movie made them think about their lives. Compared tothoseof unlucky lovers, their lives were full of hope.

英语演讲(关于无人机的)

• Path planning: Determining an optimal path for vehicle to go while meeting certain objectives and constraints, such as obstacles
UAV development
• Task Allocation : Determining the optimal distribution of tasks amongst a group of agents, with time and equipment constraints
What Is a UAV
• The typical launch and recovery method of an unmanned aircraft is by the function of an automatic system or an operator on the ground.Historically, UAVs were simple remotely piloted aircraft, but autonomous control is increasingly bV
• Its flight is controlled either autonomously by onboard computers or by the remote control of a pilot on the ground or in another vehicle.
types
Global Hawk - UAV
X-47A & X-47B UCAS – UAV
X-43B – UCAV
Prowler II - UAS
UAV development

2025届浙江“七彩阳光”新英语高三上期末学业水平测试模拟试题含解析

2025届浙江“七彩阳光”新英语高三上期末学业水平测试模拟试题注意事项:1．答题前，考生先将自己的姓名、准考证号码填写清楚，将条形码准确粘贴在条形码区域内。

2．答题时请按要求用笔。

3．请按照题号顺序在答题卡各题目的答题区域内作答，超出答题区域书写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试卷上答题无效。

4．作图可先使用铅笔画出，确定后必须用黑色字迹的签字笔描黑。

5．保持卡面清洁，不要折暴、不要弄破、弄皱，不准使用涂改液、修正带、刮纸刀。

第一部分（共20小题，每小题1.5分，满分30分）1．Tom’s sco re on the test is the highest in the class. He _____.A．should study last nightB．should have studied last nightC．must have studied last nightD．must study last night2．The Chinese people are kind and caring. If not, I _____ in China in the past 30 years. A．didn’t stay B．hadn’t stayedC．couldn’t stay D．couldn’t have stayed3．If you ___________ to my advice carefully, you wouldn’t have made such a terrible mistake.A．listened B．have listenedC．would listen D．had listened4．She is stubborn in resisting his enquiries about the Moonstone _____ the degree that she makes it seem as if she does not want the mystery ______.A．on; to solve B．with; solvingC．for; being solved D．to; to be solved5．Thanks to her determination and perseverance on the piano lesson, she has a ______ grasp of the subject.A．comprehensive B．confidentialC．conservative D．compulsory6．---Professor Li is wanted on the phone. Where is he?--- I saw him coming, but in a minute, he _____.A．will disappear B．has disappeared C．disappears D．disappeared7．There is no easy way to remember prepositions, as it is one area of English____ the rules seem very irregular.A．that B．whereC．whose D．which8．—The battery in my cell phone is running low.—I that last night before we went to bed.A．was noticing B．have noticed C．would notice D．had noticed9．Was it at the beginning _____ you made the promise ____ you would do all to help make it?A．that; that B．when; thatC．that; when D．when; when10．I would persuade her to make room for you ______it be necessary.A．could B．mightC．should D．would11．You can only be sure of _____ you have at present; you cannot be sure of something _____ you might get in the future.A．that; what B．what; / C．which; that D．/; that12．Could I speak to__________ is in charge of International Sales please?A．who B．whatC．whoever D．whatever13．______in painting, John didn’t notice evening approaching.A．To absorb B．To be absorbedC．Absorbed D．Absorbing14．—________! Somebody has left the lab door open.—Don’t look at me.A．Hi, there B．Dear meC．Thank goodness D．Come on15．At the meeting they discussed three different ________ to the study of mathematics. A．approaches B．meansC．methods D．ways16．________ your generous help, I do believe I have a better understanding of your country and culture.A．But for B．Out ofC．Thanks to D．As to17．The economy in big cities has continued to rise thanks to the local governments to increase ______.A．that B．themC．it D．those18．If you are feeling so tired, perhaps a little sleep would____．A．act B．helpC．serve D．last19．--- Did you watch the final match of China Open yesterday?---Sure. I it so attentively that I forgot to cook supper.A．watched B．had watchedC．was watching D．was to watch20．Children exposed to air pollution are more to suffering from different diseases.A．possible B．probable C．likely D．certainly第二部分阅读理解（满分40分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。

2023年新版山东省高考英语真题及答案

山东省高考英语试卷第一部分：听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共12小题；每题1.5分，满分7.5分）1．（1.5分）Where does this conversation probably take place（发生）？A．In the hostipal．B．In a classroomC．In a library．2．（1.5分）At what time will the film begin？A.7：20B.7：15C.7：00．3．（1.5分）What are the two speakers mainly talking about？A．Their friend Jane．B．A weekend trip．C．A radio programme．4．（1.5分）What will the woman probably do？A．Catch a train．B．See the man off．C．Go shopping．5．（1.5分）why did the woman apologize？A．She made a late deliveryB．She went to the wrong placeC．She couldn't take the cake back．6．（1.5分）Whose CD is broken？A．Kathy'sB．Mum'sC．Jack's．7．（1.5分）What does the boy promise to do for the girl？A．Buy her a new CD．B．Do some cleaning．C．Give here 10 dollars．8．（1.5分）What did the man think of the meal？A．Just so﹣so．B．Quite satisfactoryC．A bit disappointing．9．（1.5分）what was the 15% on the bill paid for？A．The food．B．The drinksC．The service．10．（4.5分）听一面一段对话，回答第10和第12三个小题．10．Why is the man at the shop？A．To order a camera for his wifeB．To have a camera repairedC．To get a camera changed11．What colour does the man want？A．Pink．B．Black．C．Orange．12．What will the man do afterwards？A..Make a phone callB．Wait until further noticeC．Come again the next day．13．（6分）听一面一段对话，回答第13和第16两个小题．13．What would Joe probably do during the Thanksgiving holiday？A．Go to a play．B．Stay at home．C．Visit Kingston．14．What is Ariel going to do in Toronto？A．Attend a party．B．Meet her aunt．C．See a car show．15．Why is Ariel in a hurry to leave？A．To call up BettyB．To buy some DVDs．C．To pick up Daniel16．What might be the relationship between the speakers？A．Classmates．B．Fellow workersC．Guide and tourist．17．（6分）听一面一段对话，回答第17至第20四个小题．17．Where does Thomas Manning work？A．In the Guinness CompanyB．At a radio station．C．In a museum．18．Where did the idea of a book of records come from？A．a bird﹣shooting tripB．A visit to EuropeC．A television talk show．19．When did Sir Hugh's first book of records appear？A．In 1875B．In 1950C．In 195520．What are the two speakers going to talk about next？A．More records of unusual factsB．The founder of the companyC．The oldest person in the world．第二部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分15分）第一节语法和词汇知识运用（共15小题；每题1分，满分15分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处旳最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑．21．（1分）When you are done with the book，just give it to Lucy or Helen or __________．（）A．whoever B．wherever C．whatever D．however22．（1分）﹣Sorry I'm late．I got stuck in traffic．﹣_________．You're here now．Come in and sit down．（）A．You are welcome B．That's rightC．I have no idea D．Never mind23．（1分）Maria has written two novels，both of ________ have been made into television series．（）A．them B．that C．which D．what24．（1分）My first _______ of him was that he was a kind and thoughtful youngman．（）A．expression B．attention C．satisfaction D．impression25．（1分）It doesn't matter ________ you pay by cash or credit card in this store．（）A．how B．whether C．what D．why26．（1分）George returned after the war，only _______ that his wife had left him．（）A．to be told B．telling C．being told D．told27．（1分）He smiled politely ______ Mary apologized for her drunken friends．（）A．as B．if C．unless D．though28．（1分）After Jack had sent some e﹣mails，he _______ working on his project．（）A．had started B．has started C．started D．starts29．（1分）Being able to afford _______ drink would be ______ comfort in those tough times．（）A．the；the B．a；a C．a；不填D．不填；a30．（1分）If we _______ adequate preparations，the conference wouldn't have been so successful．（）A．haven't made B．wouldn't makeC．didn't make D．hadn't made31．（1分）﹣I don't know about you，but I'm sick and tired of this weather．﹣_________．I can't stand all this rain．（）A．I don't care B．It's hard to sayC．So am I D．I hope so32．（1分）A number of high buildings have arisen _______ there was nothing a year ago but ruins．（）A．when B．where C．before D．until33．（1分）Be _______﹣you can't expect me to finish all this work in so little time．（）A．reasonable B．confident C．creative D．grateful34．（1分）The manager was concerned to hear that two of his trusted workers ______．（）A．will leave B．are leaving C．have left D．were leaving35．（1分）After completing and signing it，please return the form to us in the envelope ________．（）A．providing B．providedC．having provided D．provide第二节：完形填空（共1小题；每题20分，满分20分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题旳四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处旳最佳选项，并在答题卡将该项涂黑。

泰坦（Titan）产品号说明：包括顶盖工人套装、掉落防止套装、限制套装和建筑套装说明书

United KingdomProduct NumbersDetails 1011895Titan roofers kitTitan Roofer kit composed of : * 2-point Titan harness with rear & frontanchorage (front webbing loops) * Titan Automatic rope grab with 10manchorage line and 30cm attachment lanyard1011896Titan fall arrest kitKit composed of : * Titan 1-point harness with rear and sternalanchorage. * 2m Titan shock absorbing lanyard with 2 screwgatekarabiners1011897Titan restraint kitThis kit is not suitable for fall arrest! This kit is ideal for flat roofmaintenance,MEWPS... Composition : * Titan 1 point harness with rearanchorage. * Titan F 2 M restraint lanyard with 2 screwgatekarabiners. * Titan 1-point harness, rear anchorage, 2m restraintlanyard with 2 screwgate karabiners1011898Titan construction kitConstruction kit composed of : * Titan 1-point harness, rear anchorage*Titan CMS personal fall arrester with 2.5m webbing lifeline and 2screwgate karabiners.1011899Titan work positioning kitThis Kit is composed of : * Titan 2-point harness with work positioningbelt, front & rear anchorage * Titan CMS arrester with 2,5 m webbinglifeline * adjustable work positioning lanyard with 2 twist lockkarabiners1014794Titan basic Kit N°2Titan basic Kit N°2 : * 1 point TITAN Harness * 1 CS20 * Titan BasicWeb Yellow Lanyard.Titan Fall Protection Kits(EUR)Product FamilyTitan fall protection kit options1014970Titan ECO KitECO KIT : * 1 point Titan Eco harness * 1 screw SC20 karabiner *1Titan basic lanyard 1,8 M lenght1013730TITAN CONSTRUCTION KIT No 1TITAN CONSTRUCTION KIT No 1 : * Titan 1 point Harness * AUTOMATICROPE GRAB 12mm ANCHORAGE Line 10M * Plastic case : 325 x 295 x105 mm1013731TITAN CONSTRUCTION KIT No 6 - 2m :TITAN CONSTRUCTION KIT No 6 - 2m : * Titan 1 point Harness * 1 Webabsorbing lanyard 2 M lenght. * Plastic case1013732TITAN CONSTRUCTION KIT No 8 - 2mTITAN CONSTRUCTION KIT No 8 - 2m1013733TITAN CONSTRUCTION KIT No 8 - 1,75mTITAN CONSTRUCTION KIT No 8 - 1,75mConstructionFall from heightKey FeaturesMiller kits are produced specifically to provide the worker with immediate selection of fall protection equipment to suit their requirements.Recommended Industries/UseHazardsWarranty InformationOur state of the art equipment provides the critical tool for worker protection, combining mobility with unsurpassed comfort.At our ISO 9001 certified manufacturing facilities in Europe, we ensure that every Miller product is made in accordance with the standards and meets your exacting requirements.90004208 lanyard EN 354, 355 (EUR)/Supplementary/Documents_and_Downloads/Fall_Protection/Lanyards/41642/1033.aspxInstruction manual90004212 harness EN 361, 358 (EUR)/Supplementary/Documents_and_Downloads/Fall_Protection/Full_Body_Harness/41640/1033.aspxInstruction manualMiller TechniservNorthern and Central EuropePhone: +49 (0) 9281/8302-205Email:*********************************Southern Europe, UK, IrelandPhone: +33 (0)2 48 52 40 42Email:****************************© Honeywell International Inc.。

IntelliCare 手动分配器说明书

91-00006_Rev10EUROPEMaarssenbroeksedijk 2NL - 3542DN Utrecht The NetherlandsPhone: +31 (0)30 247 CANADAAddress: 3755 Laird R oad Mississauga, Ontario L5L 0B3 CanadaPhone: +1 (905) UNITED STATES8215 Forest Point Blvd Charlotte NC 28273USAPhone: +1 (980) IntelliCare Manual DispenserRemove key from back of housing. (Reference ‘Key Location’ in section 1.2, below)If replacing soap dispenser on wall, determine if any of the holes match up on the Sealed Air unit. Unit is designed to at least partially match numerous soap dispensers.Remove cover key (a) from back of housing.To close the cover, simply PUSH the top of cover closed to 'Click' shut (b).Insert key into holes on top of cover then pull cover forward.10.24”6”Push refill into place to ensure the FLANGE of theSoap Nozzle (c) is seated into the correct location (d).If not, the dispenser will not pump correctly.TO INSERT REFILL TO REMOVE REFILLPull the Container (e) and the Pump Housing (f). Please recycle accordingly.IMPORTANTOUTNOTE: SEE KEY DISPENSER DIMENSIONS BELOW (1.2). IF INSTALLING WITH DRIP CATCH OR ELBOW BAR, SEE CRITICAL DIMENSIONS BELOW (1.5 Drip-Catch and 2.2 Elbow Bar)NOTE : TAPE & SCREWS/ANCHORS ARE PROVIDED FOR INSTALLATION.DISCLAIMER : If refills (Soap) used other than certified SA soap, SA is not responsible for any dispenser issues.Go to section 3.0 for specific dispenser mounting instructions.OPENING COVER KEY LOCATIONCLOSING COVER**KEY OUTER DIMENSIONS OF DISPENSER : (H)10.24” [260MM] x (W)6” [152.4MM] x (D)4”[101.6mm]4”(101.6mm)‘click’Pulld.c.e.f.1.5 OPTIONAL DRIP-CA TCH INST ALLA TIONFRONT VIEWREAR VIEW BOTTOMMANUAL DISPENSER - CRITICAL DIMENSIONS**To change dose setting, open dispenser cover and slide the red Dose Control Switch (a) to your desired dose size,Ensure you slide the Control Switch (a) ALL the way to the left or right.HIGH DOSE SETTINGSLIDE DOSE CONTROL SWITCH (a) TO THE RIGHT for the LOW Dose Setting #2.SLIDE DOSE CONTROL SWITCH (a) TO THE LEFT for the HIGH Dose Setting #1.LOW DOSE SETTING150.2898.803.890NOTE: The Drip Catch is not designed to be removed. However, if going to remove for cleaning please be careful not to damage the dispenser. The drip catch also might bedamaged after removing.DISCLAIMER: If other drip catch used, Sealed Air not responsible for damage.The Drip-Catch with SNAP into place.DRIP - CATCH ATTACHEDa.a.a.a.101.64.02.2 ELBOW BAR - KEY DIMENSIONSno.2no.4no.5-1no.5-2no.7no.1Unlock and open Manual Dispenser cover (1A). no.2Remove Refill Bottle (2A) from Dispenser.no.3Use a drill with a 9/32” (7 MM) bit to bore a hole in to the 2 pilot holes (3A) located on the inside left and right sides of the housing unit.no.4Insert the Elbow Bar ends (4A) in to each of the holes from the outside.no.5-1no.5-2Insert Cotter Rings (5A) through Elbow Bar holes (5B). Cotter Ring (5A) correctly installed close up view.no.6Lift up the elbow bar to a vertical position (6A). Re-install the Refill bottle (6B) before closing the dispenser cover (6C). no.7To complete the installation, lower the Elbow Bar (7A) so that it rests in place on top of the Push Lever.NOTE: To replace reﬁll, you must LIFT up the Elbow Bar (similar to 6A) ﬁrst, then UNLOCK and LOWER the COVER.After replacement of reﬁll, CLOSE cover FIRST(6C) before lowering the Elbow Bar (7A).1A5B6A2A3A6C6B 7AMANUAL DISPENSER with ELBOW BARFRONT VIEW KEY DIMENSIONSSIDE VIEW KEY DIMENSIONSNOTE: COTTER RINGS (5-1 & 5-2) ARE OPTIONAL.5A101.64.05AEnsure the Key is removed from the housing. See Step 1 under 3.1 Below.If replacing soap dispenser on wall, determine if any of the holes match up on the Sealed Air unit. Unit is designed to at least partially match numerous soap dispensers.See 3.1 (Tape Mounting Instructions) and 3.2 (Screw Mounting Instructions)NOTE : Tape can be used effectively for installations on mirrors and tile.3.2 SCREW MOUNTING INSTRUCTIONSSTEP 1STEP 2ASTEP 2BStep 2B: Insert anchors into all three holes. Step 3: Insert the washers over the screws and then use a screwdriver to insertthe screws in to the anchors and tighten the dispenser securely against the wall.+91-00006_Rev10Step 1: T he Dispenser housing provides numerous mounting locations. If replacing a competitive unit, determine if one (or more) of theholes match.If no holes exist on wall or do not properly match, we suggest using the three holes circled above.Step 2A: Use a 7/32" (6 MM)drill bit to bore the holes on the wall for the anchors, washers and screws provided.NO TE: Ensure that proper mounting hardware is usedfor your particular wall composition.Step1: T ape mounting is recommendedfor mirror installations.For tile or other wall installations, anchor & screw mounting is recommended.If tape mounting is the only option, thoroughly clean the mounting surface (wall) using the supplied alcohol wipe and make sure all dirt,grease and surface film is removed.After cleaning, ensure the mounting surface is given time to completely dry , or wipe dry with a clean paper towel before attachingthe dispenser to the wall.Step 2: Remove the white paper fromthe one side of the T ape (b). Place the tape pad within the area indicated by the black dotted lines (c), as shown in the illustration above.Step 3: Remove the red backing from the tape. Ensure that the dispenser is in a level position on the wall, open cover and press the dispenser firmly for 15 to 20seconds to allow it to properlyadhere to wall.It's recommended to let the dispenser set upfor 24 hours before installing the refill.15-20 SEC.PRESS。

Glider Flying Handbook说明书

Glider Flying Handbook2013U.S. Department of TransportationFEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATIONFlight Standards Servicei iPrefaceThe Glider Flying Handbook is designed as a technical manual for applicants who are preparing for glider category rating and for currently certificated glider pilots who wish to improve their knowledge. Certificated flight instructors will find this handbook a valuable training aid, since detailed coverage of aeronautical decision-making, components and systems, aerodynamics, flight instruments, performance limitations, ground operations, flight maneuvers, traffic patterns, emergencies, soaring weather, soaring techniques, and cross-country flight is included. Topics such as radio navigation and communication, use of flight information publications, and regulations are available in other Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) publications.The discussion and explanations reflect the most commonly used practices and principles. Occasionally, the word “must” or similar language is used where the desired action is deemed critical. The use of such language is not intended to add to, interpret, or relieve a duty imposed by Title 14 of the Code of Federal Regulations (14 CFR). Persons working towards a glider rating are advised to review the references from the applicable practical test standards (FAA-G-8082-4, Sport Pilot and Flight Instructor with a Sport Pilot Rating Knowledge Test Guide, FAA-G-8082-5, Commercial Pilot Knowledge Test Guide, and FAA-G-8082-17, Recreational Pilot and Private Pilot Knowledge Test Guide). Resources for study include FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, FAA-H-8083-2, Risk Management Handbook, and Advisory Circular (AC) 00-6, Aviation Weather For Pilots and Flight Operations Personnel, AC 00-45, Aviation Weather Services, as these documents contain basic material not duplicated herein. All beginning applicants should refer to FAA-H-8083-25, Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge, for study and basic library reference.It is essential for persons using this handbook to become familiar with and apply the pertinent parts of 14 CFR and the Aeronautical Information Manual (AIM). The AIM is available online at . The current Flight Standards Service airman training and testing material and learning statements for all airman certificates and ratings can be obtained from .This handbook supersedes FAA-H-8083-13, Glider Flying Handbook, dated 2003. Always select the latest edition of any publication and check the website for errata pages and listing of changes to FAA educational publications developed by the FAA’s Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630.This handbook is available for download, in PDF format, from .This handbook is published by the United States Department of Transportation, Federal Aviation Administration, Airman Testing Standards Branch, AFS-630, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125.Comments regarding this publication should be sent, in email form, to the following address:********************************************John M. AllenDirector, Flight Standards Serviceiiii vAcknowledgmentsThe Glider Flying Handbook was produced by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) with the assistance of Safety Research Corporation of America (SRCA). The FAA wishes to acknowledge the following contributors: Sue Telford of Telford Fishing & Hunting Services for images used in Chapter 1JerryZieba () for images used in Chapter 2Tim Mara () for images used in Chapters 2 and 12Uli Kremer of Alexander Schleicher GmbH & Co for images used in Chapter 2Richard Lancaster () for images and content used in Chapter 3Dave Nadler of Nadler & Associates for images used in Chapter 6Dave McConeghey for images used in Chapter 6John Brandon (www.raa.asn.au) for images and content used in Chapter 7Patrick Panzera () for images used in Chapter 8Jeff Haby (www.theweatherprediction) for images used in Chapter 8National Soaring Museum () for content used in Chapter 9Bill Elliot () for images used in Chapter 12.Tiffany Fidler for images used in Chapter 12.Additional appreciation is extended to the Soaring Society of America, Inc. (), the Soaring Safety Foundation, and Mr. Brad Temeyer and Mr. Bill Martin from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) for their technical support and input.vv iPreface (iii)Acknowledgments (v)Table of Contents (vii)Chapter 1Gliders and Sailplanes ........................................1-1 Introduction....................................................................1-1 Gliders—The Early Years ..............................................1-2 Glider or Sailplane? .......................................................1-3 Glider Pilot Schools ......................................................1-4 14 CFR Part 141 Pilot Schools ...................................1-5 14 CFR Part 61 Instruction ........................................1-5 Glider Certificate Eligibility Requirements ...................1-5 Common Glider Concepts ..............................................1-6 Terminology...............................................................1-6 Converting Metric Distance to Feet ...........................1-6 Chapter 2Components and Systems .................................2-1 Introduction....................................................................2-1 Glider Design .................................................................2-2 The Fuselage ..................................................................2-4 Wings and Components .............................................2-4 Lift/Drag Devices ...........................................................2-5 Empennage .....................................................................2-6 Towhook Devices .......................................................2-7 Powerplant .....................................................................2-7 Self-Launching Gliders .............................................2-7 Sustainer Engines .......................................................2-8 Landing Gear .................................................................2-8 Wheel Brakes .............................................................2-8 Chapter 3Aerodynamics of Flight .......................................3-1 Introduction....................................................................3-1 Forces of Flight..............................................................3-2 Newton’s Third Law of Motion .................................3-2 Lift ..............................................................................3-2The Effects of Drag on a Glider .....................................3-3 Parasite Drag ..............................................................3-3 Form Drag ...............................................................3-3 Skin Friction Drag ..................................................3-3 Interference Drag ....................................................3-5 Total Drag...................................................................3-6 Wing Planform ...........................................................3-6 Elliptical Wing ........................................................3-6 Rectangular Wing ...................................................3-7 Tapered Wing .........................................................3-7 Swept-Forward Wing ..............................................3-7 Washout ..................................................................3-7 Glide Ratio .................................................................3-8 Aspect Ratio ............................................................3-9 Weight ........................................................................3-9 Thrust .........................................................................3-9 Three Axes of Rotation ..................................................3-9 Stability ........................................................................3-10 Flutter .......................................................................3-11 Lateral Stability ........................................................3-12 Turning Flight ..............................................................3-13 Load Factors .................................................................3-13 Radius of Turn ..........................................................3-14 Turn Coordination ....................................................3-15 Slips ..........................................................................3-15 Forward Slip .........................................................3-16 Sideslip .................................................................3-17 Spins .........................................................................3-17 Ground Effect ...............................................................3-19 Chapter 4Flight Instruments ...............................................4-1 Introduction....................................................................4-1 Pitot-Static Instruments ..................................................4-2 Impact and Static Pressure Lines................................4-2 Airspeed Indicator ......................................................4-2 The Effects of Altitude on the AirspeedIndicator..................................................................4-3 Types of Airspeed ...................................................4-3Table of ContentsviiAirspeed Indicator Markings ......................................4-5 Other Airspeed Limitations ........................................4-6 Altimeter .....................................................................4-6 Principles of Operation ...........................................4-6 Effect of Nonstandard Pressure andTemperature............................................................4-7 Setting the Altimeter (Kollsman Window) .............4-9 Types of Altitude ......................................................4-10 Variometer................................................................4-11 Total Energy System .............................................4-14 Netto .....................................................................4-14 Electronic Flight Computers ....................................4-15 Magnetic Compass .......................................................4-16 Yaw String ................................................................4-16 Inclinometer..............................................................4-16 Gyroscopic Instruments ...............................................4-17 G-Meter ........................................................................4-17 FLARM Collision Avoidance System .........................4-18 Chapter 5Glider Performance .............................................5-1 Introduction....................................................................5-1 Factors Affecting Performance ......................................5-2 High and Low Density Altitude Conditions ...........5-2 Atmospheric Pressure .............................................5-2 Altitude ...................................................................5-3 Temperature............................................................5-3 Wind ...........................................................................5-3 Weight ........................................................................5-5 Rate of Climb .................................................................5-7 Flight Manuals and Placards ..........................................5-8 Placards ......................................................................5-8 Performance Information ...........................................5-8 Glider Polars ...............................................................5-8 Weight and Balance Information .............................5-10 Limitations ...............................................................5-10 Weight and Balance .....................................................5-12 Center of Gravity ......................................................5-12 Problems Associated With CG Forward ofForward Limit .......................................................5-12 Problems Associated With CG Aft of Aft Limit ..5-13 Sample Weight and Balance Problems ....................5-13 Ballast ..........................................................................5-14 Chapter 6Preflight and Ground Operations .......................6-1 Introduction....................................................................6-1 Assembly and Storage Techniques ................................6-2 Trailering....................................................................6-3 Tiedown and Securing ................................................6-4Water Ballast ..............................................................6-4 Ground Handling........................................................6-4 Launch Equipment Inspection ....................................6-5 Glider Preflight Inspection .........................................6-6 Prelaunch Checklist ....................................................6-7 Glider Care .....................................................................6-7 Preventive Maintenance .............................................6-8 Chapter 7Launch and Recovery Procedures and Flight Maneuvers ............................................................7-1 Introduction....................................................................7-1 Aerotow Takeoff Procedures .........................................7-2 Signals ........................................................................7-2 Prelaunch Signals ....................................................7-2 Inflight Signals ........................................................7-3 Takeoff Procedures and Techniques ..........................7-3 Normal Assisted Takeoff............................................7-4 Unassisted Takeoff.....................................................7-5 Crosswind Takeoff .....................................................7-5 Assisted ...................................................................7-5 Unassisted...............................................................7-6 Aerotow Climb-Out ....................................................7-6 Aerotow Release.........................................................7-8 Slack Line ...................................................................7-9 Boxing the Wake ......................................................7-10 Ground Launch Takeoff Procedures ............................7-11 CG Hooks .................................................................7-11 Signals ......................................................................7-11 Prelaunch Signals (Winch/Automobile) ...............7-11 Inflight Signals ......................................................7-12 Tow Speeds ..............................................................7-12 Automobile Launch ..................................................7-14 Crosswind Takeoff and Climb .................................7-14 Normal Into-the-Wind Launch .................................7-15 Climb-Out and Release Procedures ..........................7-16 Self-Launch Takeoff Procedures ..............................7-17 Preparation and Engine Start ....................................7-17 Taxiing .....................................................................7-18 Pretakeoff Check ......................................................7-18 Normal Takeoff ........................................................7-19 Crosswind Takeoff ...................................................7-19 Climb-Out and Shutdown Procedures ......................7-19 Landing .....................................................................7-21 Gliderport/Airport Traffic Patterns and Operations .....7-22 Normal Approach and Landing ................................7-22 Crosswind Landing ..................................................7-25 Slips ..........................................................................7-25 Downwind Landing ..................................................7-27 After Landing and Securing .....................................7-27viiiPerformance Maneuvers ..............................................7-27 Straight Glides ..........................................................7-27 Turns.........................................................................7-28 Roll-In ...................................................................7-29 Roll-Out ................................................................7-30 Steep Turns ...........................................................7-31 Maneuvering at Minimum Controllable Airspeed ...7-31 Stall Recognition and Recovery ...............................7-32 Secondary Stalls ....................................................7-34 Accelerated Stalls .................................................7-34 Crossed-Control Stalls ..........................................7-35 Operating Airspeeds .....................................................7-36 Minimum Sink Airspeed ..........................................7-36 Best Glide Airspeed..................................................7-37 Speed to Fly ..............................................................7-37 Chapter 8Abnormal and Emergency Procedures .............8-1 Introduction....................................................................8-1 Porpoising ......................................................................8-2 Pilot-Induced Oscillations (PIOs) ..............................8-2 PIOs During Launch ...................................................8-2 Factors Influencing PIOs ........................................8-2 Improper Elevator Trim Setting ..............................8-3 Improper Wing Flaps Setting ..................................8-3 Pilot-Induced Roll Oscillations During Launch .........8-3 Pilot-Induced Yaw Oscillations During Launch ........8-4 Gust-Induced Oscillations ..............................................8-5 Vertical Gusts During High-Speed Cruise .................8-5 Pilot-Induced Pitch Oscillations During Landing ......8-6 Glider-Induced Oscillations ...........................................8-6 Pitch Influence of the Glider Towhook Position ........8-6 Self-Launching Glider Oscillations During Powered Flight ...........................................................8-7 Nosewheel Glider Oscillations During Launchesand Landings ..............................................................8-7 Tailwheel/Tailskid Equipped Glider Oscillations During Launches and Landings ..................................8-8 Aerotow Abnormal and Emergency Procedures ............8-8 Abnormal Procedures .................................................8-8 Towing Failures........................................................8-10 Tow Failure With Runway To Land and Stop ......8-11 Tow Failure Without Runway To Land BelowReturning Altitude ................................................8-11 Tow Failure Above Return to Runway Altitude ...8-11 Tow Failure Above 800' AGL ..............................8-12 Tow Failure Above Traffic Pattern Altitude .........8-13 Slack Line .................................................................8-13 Ground Launch Abnormal and Emergency Procedures ....................................................................8-14 Abnormal Procedures ...............................................8-14 Emergency Procedures .............................................8-14 Self-Launch Takeoff Emergency Procedures ..............8-15 Emergency Procedures .............................................8-15 Spiral Dives ..................................................................8-15 Spins .............................................................................8-15 Entry Phase ...............................................................8-17 Incipient Phase .........................................................8-17 Developed Phase ......................................................8-17 Recovery Phase ........................................................8-17 Off-Field Landing Procedures .....................................8-18 Afterlanding Off Field .............................................8-20 Off-Field Landing Without Injury ........................8-20 Off-Field Landing With Injury .............................8-20 System and Equipment Malfunctions ..........................8-20 Flight Instrument Malfunctions ................................8-20 Airspeed Indicator Malfunctions ..........................8-21 Altimeter Malfunctions .........................................8-21 Variometer Malfunctions ......................................8-21 Compass Malfunctions .........................................8-21 Glider Canopy Malfunctions ....................................8-21 Broken Glider Canopy ..........................................8-22 Frosted Glider Canopy ..........................................8-22 Water Ballast Malfunctions ......................................8-22 Retractable Landing Gear Malfunctions ..................8-22 Primary Flight Control Systems ...............................8-22 Elevator Malfunctions ..........................................8-22 Aileron Malfunctions ............................................8-23 Rudder Malfunctions ............................................8-24 Secondary Flight Controls Systems .........................8-24 Elevator Trim Malfunctions .................................8-24 Spoiler/Dive Brake Malfunctions .........................8-24 Miscellaneous Flight System Malfunctions .................8-25 Towhook Malfunctions ............................................8-25 Oxygen System Malfunctions ..................................8-25 Drogue Chute Malfunctions .....................................8-25 Self-Launching Gliders ................................................8-26 Self-Launching/Sustainer Glider Engine Failure During Takeoff or Climb ..........................................8-26 Inability to Restart a Self-Launching/SustainerGlider Engine While Airborne .................................8-27 Self-Launching Glider Propeller Malfunctions ........8-27 Self-Launching Glider Electrical System Malfunctions .............................................................8-27 In-flight Fire .............................................................8-28 Emergency Equipment and Survival Gear ...................8-28 Survival Gear Checklists ..........................................8-28 Food and Water ........................................................8-28ixClothing ....................................................................8-28 Communication ........................................................8-29 Navigation Equipment ..............................................8-29 Medical Equipment ..................................................8-29 Stowage ....................................................................8-30 Parachute ..................................................................8-30 Oxygen System Malfunctions ..................................8-30 Accident Prevention .....................................................8-30 Chapter 9Soaring Weather ..................................................9-1 Introduction....................................................................9-1 The Atmosphere .............................................................9-2 Composition ...............................................................9-2 Properties ....................................................................9-2 Temperature............................................................9-2 Density ....................................................................9-2 Pressure ...................................................................9-2 Standard Atmosphere .................................................9-3 Layers of the Atmosphere ..........................................9-4 Scale of Weather Events ................................................9-4 Thermal Soaring Weather ..............................................9-6 Thermal Shape and Structure .....................................9-6 Atmospheric Stability .................................................9-7 Air Masses Conducive to Thermal Soaring ...................9-9 Cloud Streets ..............................................................9-9 Thermal Waves...........................................................9-9 Thunderstorms..........................................................9-10 Lifted Index ..........................................................9-12 K-Index .................................................................9-12 Weather for Slope Soaring .......................................9-14 Mechanism for Wave Formation ..............................9-16 Lift Due to Convergence ..........................................9-19 Obtaining Weather Information ...................................9-21 Preflight Weather Briefing........................................9-21 Weather-ReIated Information ..................................9-21 Interpreting Weather Charts, Reports, andForecasts ......................................................................9-23 Graphic Weather Charts ...........................................9-23 Winds and Temperatures Aloft Forecast ..............9-23 Composite Moisture Stability Chart .....................9-24 Chapter 10Soaring Techniques ..........................................10-1 Introduction..................................................................10-1 Thermal Soaring ...........................................................10-2 Locating Thermals ....................................................10-2 Cumulus Clouds ...................................................10-2 Other Indicators of Thermals ................................10-3 Wind .....................................................................10-4 The Big Picture .....................................................10-5Entering a Thermal ..............................................10-5 Inside a Thermal.......................................................10-6 Bank Angle ...........................................................10-6 Speed .....................................................................10-6 Centering ...............................................................10-7 Collision Avoidance ................................................10-9 Exiting a Thermal .....................................................10-9 Atypical Thermals ..................................................10-10 Ridge/Slope Soaring ..................................................10-10 Traps ......................................................................10-10 Procedures for Safe Flying .....................................10-12 Bowls and Spurs .....................................................10-13 Slope Lift ................................................................10-13 Obstructions ...........................................................10-14 Tips and Techniques ...............................................10-15 Wave Soaring .............................................................10-16 Preflight Preparation ...............................................10-17 Getting Into the Wave ............................................10-18 Flying in the Wave .................................................10-20 Soaring Convergence Zones ...................................10-23 Combined Sources of Updrafts ..............................10-24 Chapter 11Cross-Country Soaring .....................................11-1 Introduction..................................................................11-1 Flight Preparation and Planning ...................................11-2 Personal and Special Equipment ..................................11-3 Navigation ....................................................................11-5 Using the Plotter .......................................................11-5 A Sample Cross-Country Flight ...............................11-5 Navigation Using GPS .............................................11-8 Cross-Country Techniques ...........................................11-9 Soaring Faster and Farther .........................................11-11 Height Bands ..........................................................11-11 Tips and Techniques ...............................................11-12 Special Situations .......................................................11-14 Course Deviations ..................................................11-14 Lost Procedures ......................................................11-14 Cross-Country Flight in a Self-Launching Glider .....11-15 High-Performance Glider Operations and Considerations ............................................................11-16 Glider Complexity ..................................................11-16 Water Ballast ..........................................................11-17 Cross-Country Flight Using Other Lift Sources ........11-17 Chapter 12Towing ................................................................12-1 Introduction..................................................................12-1 Equipment Inspections and Operational Checks .........12-2 Tow Hook ................................................................12-2 Schweizer Tow Hook ...........................................12-2x。

宇航员登月英语作文初一

宇航员登月英语作文初一As the world watched in awe, the first human stepped onto the surface of the moon. It was a moment that would go down in history as one of the greatest achievements of mankind. The Apollo 11 mission had been a success, and the astronauts had accomplished what many had thought was impossible. But what was it like to be an astronaut on that historic mission? Let's take a closer look.The journey to the moon began on July 16, 1969, whenthe Apollo 11 spacecraft was launched from the Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The crew consisted of three astronauts: Neil Armstrong, Buzz Aldrin, and Michael Collins. Armstrong and Aldrin would be the first humans to walk on the moon, while Collins would remain in orbitaround the moon.The journey to the moon took three days, during which time the astronauts had to endure cramped living conditions, weightlessness, and the constant noise and vibration of thespacecraft's engines. They also had to perform a number of tasks to keep the spacecraft running smoothly, such as checking the systems, monitoring the fuel levels, and making course corrections.Finally, on July 20, 1969, the lunar module, named Eagle, separated from the command module and began its descent to the moon's surface. Armstrong and Aldrin would be the first humans to walk on the moon, but before they could do that, they had to land the lunar module safely.The landing was a tense and nerve-wracking experience. The lunar module had never been tested in the actual conditions of the moon's surface, and there was a real possibility that something could go wrong. Armstrong had to manually guide the spacecraft to a safe landing site, using only his eyes and his experience as a test pilot to judge the distance and speed of the spacecraft.Finally, after what seemed like an eternity, the lunar module touched down on the moon's surface. Armstrong's famous words, "That's one small step for man, one giantleap for mankind," echoed around the world as he stepped onto the lunar surface. Aldrin followed shortly after, and the two astronauts spent several hours exploring the moon's surface, collecting samples, and conducting experiments.Meanwhile, Michael Collins orbited the moon, waitingfor his fellow astronauts to return to the lunar module. The journey back to Earth was no less challenging than the journey to the moon, with the astronauts having to endure the stresses of re-entry into Earth's atmosphere and the risk of a malfunction during the descent.But despite the challenges and the risks, the Apollo 11 mission was a success. It proved that humans could travel to the moon and back, and it inspired generations of people to dream big and aim for the stars. The legacy of that mission lives on today, as we continue to explore the universe and push the boundaries of what is possible.。

民航m9英语考试听力

民航m9英语考试听力The M9 English listening test for civil aviation is an important component of the examination for those working in the aviation industry. This test assesses the listening skills of individuals in various scenarios related to aviation, such as communication with air traffic control, passenger announcements, and emergency procedures. It is crucial for aviation professionals to have strong listening skills in order to ensure safe and efficient operations.During the M9 English listening test, candidates will be required to listen to a series of audio recordings and answer questions based on the information they hear. The recordings may include conversations between pilots and air traffic controllers, announcements from flight attendants, or instructions for emergency situations. Candidates must demonstrate their ability to accurately understand and interpret the information presented in the recordings in order to successfully complete the test.One of the key skills that candidates must possess in order to excel in the M9 English listening test is the ability to focus and concentrate for an extended period of time. The test may include recordings that are several minutes long, and candidates must be able to maintain their focus throughout the duration of each recording in order to accurately answer the questions that follow. Additionally, candidates must be able to quickly process and comprehend the information presented in the recordings in order to respond in a timely manner.Another important skill that candidates must demonstrate during the M9 English listening test is the ability to accurately distinguish between different speakers and voices. In some recordings, there may be multiple speakers communicating with each other, such as pilots and air traffic controllers or flight attendants and passengers. Candidates must be able to identify who is speaking at any given time in order to accurately interpret the information being presented. This skill is crucial for effective communication in the aviation industry, where clear and accurate communication is essential for safe operations.In addition to focusing and distinguishing between speakers, candidates must also demonstrate the ability to accurately understand and interpret the content of the recordings. This includes understanding technical aviation terminology, following instructions for emergency procedures, and comprehending announcements related to flight operations. Candidates must be able to quickly process the information presented in the recordings and accurately respond to questions based on that information.Overall, the M9 English listening test for civil aviation is a crucial component of the examination for individuals working in the aviation industry. Candidates must possess strong listening skills in order to accurately interpret the information presented in the recordings and respond to questions in a timely and accurate manner. By demonstrating their ability to focus, distinguish between speakers, and accurately understand and interpret the content of the recordings, candidates can successfully complete the test and showcase their proficiency in English listening skills in the context of aviation.。

英语国际音标(发音字母及单词音标举例)终极打印版

aunt
快速的班级
眼镜
草
姑妈
8） [ ʌ ] 发音字母: u o ou oo
单词举例：sun[sʌn] but[bʌt] run[rʌn] luck[lʌk] cup[kʌp]
太阳
但是
跑
运气
杯子
bus come mother love above trouble blood flood
公共汽车来
是
鱼
many happy dictionary money
许多的快乐的
字典
钱
3) [ æ ] 发音字母: a
单词举例：bag [bæɡ] hand [hænd] happy ['hæpi] hat [hæt] map [mæp]
书包
手
快乐的
帽子
地图
black back
dad
man at
黑色
后面
爸爸
小船
桌子
外套
山羊
23. [ k ] 字母组合: k c ck
单词举例：kite[kait] king[kiŋ] can[kæn] car[kɑ:] cake[keik] lock cup
风筝国王能小汽车蛋糕
锁杯
24. [ f ] 字母组合: f ph gh
单词举例： fox[fɔks] fish[fiʃ] laugh[lɑ:f] photo['fəutəu]
吃茶肉离开树叶教师说话
clean please he she me piece receive
干净的请
他她我块
收到
2) [i] 发音字母: i y ey
单词举例：sit [sit] pig [piɡ] big [biɡ] it [it] is [iz] fish [fiʃ]

国际音标发音练习(完整版)

/au/ now/nau/ out/aut/ how/hau/ about/ ə′b au t/ south/s auθ/ house/h aus/ /əu/no/nəu/ home/həum/ hope/həup/ wrote/rəut/ note/nəut/ pose/pəuz//ɔi/ boy/bɔi/ toy/tɔi/ noise/nɔiz/ voice/vɔis/ point/pɔint/ coin/kɔin//iə/ ear/iə/ near/niə/ idea/ai′diə/ hear/hiə/ mere/miə/ spear/spiə//εə/ air/εə/ tear/tεə/ care/kεə/ dare/dεə/ fair/fεə/ there/ðεə//uə/ tour/tuə/ poor/puə/ sure/ʃuə/ moor/muə/(停泊) your/juə/3、辅音：/p/ pea/pi:/ pie/pai/ top/tɔp/ cap/kæp/ people/pi:pl/ pride/praid//b/bee/bi:/ by/bai/ buy/bai/ black/blæk/ bear/bεə//t/ let/let/ sat/sæt/ feet/fi:t/ team/ti:m/ tide/taid//d/ led/led/ sad/sæd/ feed/fi:d/ do/du:/ dear/diə//k/ lack/læk/ take/teik/ clock/klɔk/ class/kla:s/ weekend/′wi:kend//g/ big/big/ lag/læg/ glass/gla:s/ gum/gʌm/ good/gud/ guest/gest//f/face/feis/ fast/fa:st/ leaf/li:f/ surf/sə:f/ favorite/′feivərit//v/ very/′veri/ five/faiv/ fever/′fi:və/ serve/sə:v/ never/′nevə//s/ face/feis/ mouse/maus/ cakes/keiks/ caps/kæps/ likes/laiks/ stops/stɔps/ /z/ close/kləuz/ keys/ki:z/ boys/bɔi z/ pens/penz/ halves/ha:vz//θ/ bath/ba:θ/(v洗澡) thick/θik/ mouth/mauθ/ breath/breθ/(n呼吸) thought/θɔ:t/ author/´ɔθə/ truth/tru:θ//ð/the/ ðə/ they/ðei/ that/ðæt/ mother/′mʌðə/ thus/ ðʌs/ then/ðen/临界点教育，原新东方老师创办。

AIRCRAFT ABBREVIATIONS & ACRONYMS

A AmpereA AmberA AreaA AlternateA AltitudeA AirA AngstromAA ArithmeticalAverageAA AutopilotAnnunciator AAAS Alternative Audio Alert SelectAACD Aging Airplane Corrosion Document AACP Aging Airplane Corrosion Program AACU Antiskid/Autobrake Control UnitAADF Angle of Attack Averaging Defeat AADS Analog Air Data SystemAAI Air-to-AirIdentification AAIB Air Accidents Investigation Branch AAIP Analog Autopilot Improvement Program AAL Above Aerodrome LevelAALS Altitude Acquire Level SwitchAAM Autopilot Actuator MonitorAAS Airport Advisory ServiceA-ATCK Angle of AttackAATF Airworthiness Assurance Task Force AAU Audio Accessory UnitAAWG Airworthiness Assurance Working Group AB AllBaseA/B AutobrakeABBR AbbreviationABM AbeamABN AirborneABNORM AbnormalABS AutobrakeSystemABS AbsoluteABSCU Auto Brake System Control Unit ABSORB AbsorberABSV Alternate Brake Selector ValveABS VAL Absolute ValueABU Audio Balancing UnitABV AboveAC AlternatingCurrentAC AircraftAC AltitudeCaptureAC AutomatedCustomizedAC Advisory Circular (FAA)A/C AircraftA/C AirConditioningA*C AircraftACARS Arinc Communications, Addressing & ReportingSystemACAU Air Conditioning Accessory UnitACB Airplane Configuration BulletinACC AccessoryACC AccelerometerACC Area Control CenterACC Active Clearance ControlACCEL Accelerate, AccelerationACCEL AccelerometerACCESS AccessoryACCLRM AccelerometerACCU AccumulatorACCUM AccumulatorACCY AccessoryACDB Airport Characteristics Data Bank ACDO Air Carrier District OfficeACE Altimeter Control EquipmentACE Air Cargo EquipmentACE Actuator Control Electronics ACEM Aircraft Equipment ModificationACESS Advanced Cabin Entertainment Service System ACFI Advisory Committee on Flight Information (FAA) ACFT AircraftACIA Asynchronous Communications Interface Adaptor ACIC Aeronautical Chart and Information CenterACK Acknowledge,Acknowledgment ACLOR Aileron Command Limit OverrideACLS Altitude Capture Level SwitchACM Air Cycle MachineACM Aileron Centering MechanismACMF Airplane Condition Monitoring FunctionACMP Alternating Current Motor PumpACMS Aircraft Condition Monitoring SystemACMS Airplane Condition Monitoring SystemACN Aircraft Classification NumberACO Aircraft Certification Office (FAA)ACOB Automatic Call Out BoxACOC Air Cooled Oil CoolerACP Audio Control PanelACP Altimeter Check PointACQ Acquire,AcquisitionACQN AcquisitionACRU Avionics Cooling Refrigeration UnitACS Air Conditioning SystemACS AccessACS Active Control SystemACS Airplane Configuration SystemACS ACESS Configuration SystemACSU Advanced Central Switching UnitACT ActiveACT ActivityACT ActualACT ActuatorACTD ActuatedACTG ActuatingACTN ActionACTR ActuatorACTVT ActivateACU Antenna Coupler UnitACU Acceleration Control UnitACU Annunciator Control UnitACU Auxiliary Control UnitACV Altitude Capture ValidityACVR Alternating Current Voltage RatioAD Airworthiness Directive (FAA)AD AerodromeAD AirplaneDatumA/D Analog-to-DigitalADAMS Airborne Data Analysis and Monitor System ADAS Auxiliary Data Acquisition SystemADAU Auxiliary Data Acquisition UnitADC Air Data ComputerA/DC Analog to Digital ConverterADCN Advanced Drawing Change NoticeA/D CONV Analog to Digital ConverterADD AdditionADF Automatic Direction FinderADG Air Driven GeneratorADI Attitude Director IndicatorADIF ADI Flag InhibitADIRS Air Data Inertial Reference SystemADIRU Air Data Inertial Reference UnitADIS Automatic Data Interchange SystemADJ Adjust, Adjustable, AdjustmentADJMT AdjustmentADL Airborne Data LoaderADM Air Data Module1 REV. OCT. 00ADP Air Driven PumpADP Automatic Data ProcessingADPTN AdaptationADPTR AdapterADR AdvisoryRouteADRS AddressADS Air Data SystemADS Audio Distribution SystemADU Align Display UnitADU Air Drive UnitADV AdvisoryAEA Association of European AirlinesAEB Airline Engineering BulletinAEEA Aft Electronics Equipment AreaAEEC Airlines Electronic Engineering Committee AEG Aircraft Evaluation Group (FAA)AEM Audio Entertainment MultiplexerAEP Audio Entertainment PlayerAERNO Aeronautical Equipment Reference Number AERO AerodynamicAERODYN AerodynamicAES Aircraft Earth StationAESC Aft Electronic Service CenterAEW Airborne Early WarningAEX AccessAuthorizedAF AudioFrequencyAF AllFreighterAF DME Arc to Fixed WaypointAF Align Fader Switch LogicAF Air Force StandardsA/F AutoFlightA/F AutofeatherAFB AntifrictionBearingAFC Automatic Frequency ControlAFC Automatic Flight ControlAFCR Air Flow Control RegulationAFCS Automatic Flight Control SystemAFCS Avionic Flight Control SystemAFD Automatic Flight DirectorAFDC Autopilot Flight Director ComputerAFDS Autopilot/Flight Director SystemAFL AirFlowAFL Aileron Force LimiterAFM Airplane Flight ManualAFMC Advanced Flight Management ComputerAFM-DPI Airplane Flight Manual-Digital PerformanceInformationAFOLTS Automatic Fire Overheat Logic Test System AFQGS Advanced Fuel Quantity Gauging SytemAFR AirframeAFS AutoflightSystemAFS Aging Fleet SurveyAFSC Ancillary Fuel System ControllerAFT AftwardAFT AfterAFTN AeronauticalFixedTelecommunication Netword AFTR AfterAG ApproachGateA/G Air/GroundAGB AccessoryGearboxAGC Automatic Gain ControlAGCU Auxiliary Generator Control UnitAGIS Air/Ground Indication SystemAGL Air to Ground LevelAGL Above Ground LevelAGMT AugmentAGR Auxiliary Generator RelayAGS Automatic Ground Spoilers AGS Air/GroundSystemAGSB Auto Ground Speed BrakeAGSS Air/Ground Safety SensorAGT AgentAGW Actual Gross WeightAH AlertHeightAH AmpereHourAHE Altitude Hold EngagedAHG Altitude Hold GoodAHP Anti Hijacking PanelAHRS Attitude Heading Reference SystemAHRU Attitude and Heading Reference UnitAHS Altitude Hold SelectedAI Anti-IcingAI AccuracyIndexAI AnalogInputA/I Anti-IceAIA Aerospace Industry AssociationAIA American Institute of AeronauticsAIAA American Institute of Astronautics andAeronauticsAICC Aviation Industry CBT CommitteeAID Aircraft Installation DelayAIDS Aircraft Integrated Data SystemAIG AccidentInvestigationAIL AileronAIM ActionItem-MiscellaneousAIM Acknowledgement,ISOalphabet numbers and MaintenanceAIMS AirplaneInformation Management System AIP Aeronautical Information PublicationAIR AirplaneAirborneAIR COND Air ConditioningAIRGND Air/GroundAIR/GRD Air/GroundAIRS Airline Inventory Redistribution System AIRSPD AirspeedAIS Aeronautical Information ServiceAISI American Iron and Steel InstituteAITI Area Inspection Task ItemsAIV Accumulator Isolation ValveAJ AssemblyJigAL AlumelAL AutolandAl AluminumA/L Approach/LandA/L AutolandALC Automatic Load ControlALCMD AutolandCommandALCS Autopilot Lateral Control ServoALDB AirlineDatabaseALERFA AlertPhaseALICS Airline Inventory Control SystemALIGN AlignmentALIM AlignModeALM AlarmALN AlignALPHA Angle of AttackALPHA Minimum Speed Control Mode ALPHANUM AlphanumericalALR AlertALS Aft Limit SwitchALS Approach Light SystemALS Aircraft Landing SystemsALT AltitudeALT AltimeterALT AlternateALT ACQ Altitude Acquire2 REV. OCT. 00ALT A/P Alternate AutopilotALT CAP Altitude CaptureALT CAPT Altitude CaptureALT HOLD Altitude HoldALTM AltimeterALTN AlternateALTNT AlternateALTRK Approach Land TrackALT SEL Altitude SelectALT-T Altitude Trip (Takeoff, GA)ALT TO Alternate ToALU Arithmetic and Logic UnitALV AutolandValidityAM AmplitudeModulationAm AmerciumAMB AmbientAMB AmberAMB Aircraft Maintenance BaseAMC Acceptable Means of ComplianceAMETS Airplane Maintenance Engineered TimeStandardsAMI Airplane Modifiable InformationAMLCD Active Matrix Liquid Crystal DisplayAMM AmmeterAMM Aircraft Maintenance ManualAMOC Alternate Means of Compliance (FAA)AMP Amperes,AmperageAMP AmplifierAMP HR Ampere-HourAMPL AmplifierAMPL AmplitudeAMPU Aircraft Modular Power UnitAMRE Airplane Maintenance and Repair Engineering AMRN Advance Modification Revision NoticeAMS Aeronautical Material SpecificationsAMS Aerospace Material SpecificationAMS American Material SpecificationsAMT AmountAMTI Airborne Moving Target Indicator AMTOSS Aircraft Maintenance Task Oriented Support SystemAMU Audio Management UnitAMUX AudioMultiplexerAN AirNavigationAN NormalAccelerationAN Army-NavyStandardAN Air Force-Navy Aeronautical StandardsA/N AutoneticsANAL AnalysisANAV AutomatedNavigationANCDU Alternate Navigation Control Display Unit ANCPT AnticipateANCPTR AnticipatorAND Aircraft Nose DownANG AngleANLG AnalogicANN AnnunciatorANNCT AnnouncementANN LT Annunciator LightANNUN AnnunciatorANNUNC AnnunciatorANPT Aeronautical National Taper Pipe Threads ANPT American National Pipe ThreadANS Alternate Navigation SystemANS Ambient Noise SensorsANSI American National Standards InstituteANT AntennaANTI-COLL Anti-Collision ANU Aircraft Nose UpAO AccessOpeningAOA Angle Of AttackAOA Angle Of AirflowAOAS Angle Of Attack SensorAOB All Overseas BaseAOC Approach On CourseAOC Air Oil CoolingAOE Automatic Overwing ExitAOG Aircraft On GroundAOL All Operators LettersAOM Aircraft Operating ManualAOX Air/OilCoolerAP AutopilotAP AirbornePrinterAP AirportAP AuxiliaryPowerA/P AutopilotA/P AirplaneA&P Airframe and PowerplantAPB Auxiliary Power BreakerAPB APUBreakerAPCH ApproachAPCMD AutopilotCommandAPCS Autopilot Pitch Control ServoAPCU Auxiliary Power Control UnitAPD Approach Progress DisplayAPE AutopilotEngagedAP/FD Autopilot/FlightDirectorAPFDS Autopilot Flight Director SystemAPFE Autopilot First EngagedAPI Angle Position IndicatorAPI Air Position IndicatorAPID AirplaneIdentificationAPL AirplaneAPL Assembly Parts ListsAPM Airplane Performance Monitoring APNFF Autopilot No First FailureAPP ApproachAPP AppearanceAPPC ApproachControlAPPD ApproachDisconnectAPPD ApprovedAPPE ApproachEngageAPPLE Approach Land EngagedAPPR ApproachAPPROX ApproximatelyAPR ApproachAPR Automatic Performance ReserveAPR Auxiliary Power RelayAPRCH ApproachAPRT AirportAPS Aircraft Prepared for ServiceAPS Auxiliary Power SupplyAPS APU Power SwitchAPSE Autopilot Servo EngagedAPT AirportAPU Auxiliary Power UnitAPUC Auxiliary Power Unit ControllerAPUCU APU Control UnitAPUIC APU Interface CardAQS Advanced Quality SystemAR AsRequiredAR ApprovedRepairsA/R AltitudeRateA&R Assembly and RepairARAC Aviation Rule-making Advisory Committee ARB Air Registration Board3 REV. OCT. 00ARC Automatic Rollout ControlARGS Autopilot Rollout Guidance Servo ARINC Aeronautical Radio IncorporatedARINC STP ARINC I/O UART data StripARMD ArmedARMG ArmingARND AroundARO After Receipt OrderARP Aerodrome Reference PointARP Airport Reference PointARP Aeronautical Recommended Practices ARPT AirportARR Arrival,ArrivingARRA Arizona Radiation Regulatory Agency ARSR ArrestorART Active Repair TimeART Auto Reserve ThrustARTCC Air Route Traffic Control Center ARTCLD ArticulatedARTF ArtificialARTS Aircraft Recovery Transportation System ARU Altitude Rate UnitAS AltitudeSelectAS AirspeedAS AirscoopAS AerospaceStandardsA/S AirspeedA/S AntiskidA/S AutoStabilizationASA Autoland Status AnnunciatorASA All Speed AileronASAE Altitude Select Arm Engaged ASAERST Altitude Select Arm Engaged Reset ASAP As Soon As PossibleASAS AirborneSeparation Assurance System ASAS Altitude Select Arm SelectedASAS Abnormal Start Advisory SystemASAT Automated Spar Assembly ToolASC Automatic Sensitivity ControlASC Aural Synthesizer CardASCD AscendASCII American Standard Code for Information InterchangeASCPC Air Supply and Cabin Pressure Controller ASCS Air Supply Control SystemASCTU Air Supply Control and Test UnitASCU Anti Skid Control UnitASD Accelerate Stop DistanceASE Airborne Support EquipmentASE AirspeedErrorASE Airline Support EngineerASE Auto Slat ExtendASF Amperes per Square FootASG ARINC Signal GatewayASG APU Starter GeneratorASI AirspeedIndicatorASI Air Safety InvestigationA/SKID AntiSkidASM American Society for MetalsASM AirspeedModeASM Autothrottle Servo MotorAS/M Airspeed/MachASME American Society of Mechanical Engineers ASN Assigned System NumberASN Airplane Serial NumberASP Audio Selector PanelASP Altitude Select PanelASP Aspirated (tat probe) ASPD AirspeedASR Airport Surveillance RadarASS Auxiliary Spar StationASSEM AssembleASSY AssemblyAST Automatic Stabilizer TrimA/STAB AutoStabilizerASTM American Society for Testing and Materials ASTP Automatic Stabilizer Trim PotentiometerASTU Automatic Stabilizer Trim UnitASU Attendant Service UnitASU APU Starter GeneratorASWC Advanced Stall Warning CardASYM AsymmetryASYM Asymmetric,AsymmetricalAT AutothrottleA/T AutothrottleA/T Adjustment/TestA&T Assembly and TestATA Air Transport AssociationATA Actual Time of ArrivalATB Air Turn BackATC Air Traffic ControlATC Accelerometer Test CompleteATCH Attach,AttachmentATCK AttackATCN Advance Tool Change NoticeATCRB Air Traffic Control Radar BeaconATCRBS Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon System ATCSS Air Traffic Control Data Link Signaling System ATCT Air Traffic Control TowerATE Automatic Test EquipmentATE Automated Test EquipmentATE Auto Throttle EngagedATEC Automatic Test Equipment ComplexAT ENG Auto Throttle EngagedA/THR AutomaticThrustATI Advanced Technology InteriorATI Auto Throttle InhibitATIS Air Terminal Information ServiceATIS Automatic Terminal Information Service ATLAS Abbreviated Test Language for Avionics Systems ATM Air Turbine MotorATM AvailableTon-MileATM AtmosphereATMS AdvancedTextManagement SystemATOR Auto Throttle OverrideATR Austin-Trumbull-RadiorackingATR Automatic Thrust RestorationATR Auto Tune RadioATS Auto-ThrottleSystemATS Auto Throttle ServoATS Automatic Test StationATS ACESS Test SystemATSCV Air Turbine Starter Control ValveATSD Auto Throttle Servo DisconnectATSEL AltitudeSelectATT AttitudeATT FlightAttendantATTC Automatic Takeoff Thrust ControlATTD AttitudeATTEN Attenuation,AttenuatorATTEND AttendantATTF AttitudeFlagATTN FlightAttendantATTN AttentionATTND FlightAttendantATT REF Attitude Reference4 REV. OCT. 00ATV Auto Trim ValidATZ Aerodrome Traffic ZoneAUD AudioAUD AudibleAUG Augment,AugmentationAUT AutomaticAUTH Authorize,AuthorityAUTO AutomaticAUTOCAL AutocalibrationAUTODADS Automatic Digital Air Data Computer Selection AUTOLAND Automatic LandingAUW All-UpWeightAUX AuxiliaryAV AverageAV Altitude Hold ValidityAVAIL AvailableAVC Automatic Volume ControlAVG AverageAVIONICS Aviation ElectronicsAVM Airborne Vibration MonitorAVN AviationAVNCS AvionicsAVPAC Aviation VHF Packet CommunicationsAVRS Audio/Video Recording SystemAVS Audio Visual SystemAVSAT AviationSatelliteAVT Audio Visual TrainingAVT Audio Visual TutorialAWACS Airborne Warning And Control SystemAWB Air Way BillAWG American Wire GaugeAWG Audible Warning GeneratorAWLS All Weather Landing SystemAWN AirworthinessNoticeAWOS Automatic Weather Observing SystemAWS American Welding SocietyAWU Aural Warning UnitAWY AirwayAX AccessAuthorizedAX LongitudinalAccelerationA/XFMR AutotransformerAY LateralAccelerationAY AssemblyAZ AzimuthAZ VerticalAccelerationAZFW Actual Zero Fuel Weight B BlueB BothBA BundleAssemblyBA BalanceArmsB/A BankAngleBAC BoeingStandardsBACD Boeing Design DetailBACS Bleed Air Control SystemBAF BaffleBAL BalanceBAL Basic Assembly LanguageBALTI Inertial Barometric AltitudeBAP Bank Angle ProtectionBAR Barometric,BarometerBAR Barometric Altitude RateBAR Bleed Air RegulatorBARC Barometric Altitude Rate Computer BARF Barometric Altitude Rate FlagBARO BarometricBAT BatteryBATT BatteryBAV Bleed Air ValveBB BarBiasBB BroadBandBB BallBearingB/B BackBeamBBL Body Buttock LineBBRG BallBearingBC BackCourseBC BaggageContainerBCAA British Civil Aviation AuthorityBCAG Boeing Commercial Airplane Group BCAR British Civil Airworthiness Requirements BCAS Beacon Collision AvoidanceBCD Binary Coded DecimalBCF Bromochlorodifluoromethane BCK BackBCLM Baggage/Cargo Loading ManualBCN BeaconBCR BOECOM Change ReportBCRS BackcourseB/CRS BackcourseBCS Block Check SequenceBCS Boeing Computer ServicesBCSM Boeing Customer Services Manager BCSR Boeing Customer Services Representative BCU Bus Control UnitBCU Battery Control UnitBCU Brake Control UnitBCV Bore Cooling ValvesBD Beginning of DescentBD BoardB/D Bottom of DescentB/D Bearing/DistanceBDL BundleBDS Boeing Design StandardBDY BLK Burndy BlockBe BaumeBED Beam Error Detector (glideslope)BEL CRK BellcrankBER Beyond Economical RepairBETA Sideslip Suppression SystemBETA Angle of SideslipBETW BetweenBEV BevelBEW Basic Empty WeightBFDAS Basic Flight Data Acquisition System BFE Buyer Furnished Equipment5 REV. OCT. 00BFO Beat Frequency OscillatorBFR BufferBFR BeforeBFS Boeing Field ServiceBG BodyGearBG BuildGroupBGC Build Group ComponentBGM BoardingMusicBGS Build Group Stack-upBGW Basic Gross WeightBH BrinellHardness BHD BulkheadBHE Bank Hold Mode EngagedBHN Brinell Hardness NumberBHP BrakeHorsepower BHP-HR Brake Horsepower HourBIFI BifurcationBIFUR BifurcationBIST Built in Self TestBIT Built-In-TestBITE Built-In-Test-Equipment BK BrakeBK BlackBK BookBKGD BackgroundBKGRD BackgroundBKR BreakerBL ButtockLineBL BleedBL BrakeLeverB/L BlueLineBLC Boundary Layer ControlBLD BleedBLDG BuildingBLG Body Landing GearBLK BlackBLKHD BulkheadBLKT BlanketBL-L Buttock Line LeftBL-R Buttock Line RightBLO Buttock Line ZeroBLO BelowBLO BlowerBLS Bezel Light SensorBLSA Beam Level Switch ABLSB Beam Level Switch BBLST BallastBLT BoltBLU BlueBLV BleedValveBLW BelowBM BeamBM Back Course MarkerBM BulkMaterialBMEP Brake Mean Effective Pressure BMS Boeing Material Specification BMT Boeing Materials Technology BMV Brake Metering ValveBND BondedBNDG BondingBNDRY BoundaryBNR BinaryBNR Binary Numerical Reference BNY BinaryBO BlockingOscillator BOD Bottom Of DescentBOECOM BoeingCommunications BOH Break-OffWeight BOLD Boeing On Line DataBOT BottomBOT Beginning Of TapeB/OUT BreakoutBOV Bar Out of ViewBOV Biased Out of ViewBP BandpassBP BottomPlugBP BlueprintBP BaselineProgramBPCU Bus Power Control UnitBPI Brake Pressure IndicatorBPI Boeing Process InstructionBPP Bus Protection PanelBPS Boeing Part SpecificationsBR BuildupRelayBR BrownBRC BraceBRD BraidBRD BoardingBRDG BridgeBRG BearingBRIL BrillianceBRK BrakeBRKR BreakerBRKRS BreakersBRKS BrakesBRKT BracketBRN BrownBRP Body Reference PlaneBRT Bright,BrightnessBRZ BronzeBS BodyStationBSC BasicBSCU Brake System Control UnitB/SEC Bits per SecondBSHG BushingBSOPM Boeing Standard Overhaul Practices Manual BSS Boeing Support StandardBSSI Boeing Support Services InternationalBST BoostBSTA BodyStationB STA Body StationBSU Beam Steering UnitBSV Burner Staging ValveBSWPM Boeing Standard Wiring Practices Manual BSY BusyBT BusTieBT Bogie (truck) TiltBTB Bus Tie BreakerBTBS Bus Tie BreakersBTC Bus Transfer ContactorBTL BottleBTLCS Brake Torque Limiting Control System BTMU Brake Temperature Monitor UnitBTN ButtonBTN Boeing Telecommunications NetworkBTR Bus Tie RelayBTRY BatteryBTS Boeing Technology ServicesBTU British Thermal UnitBU BatteryUnitBU BackUpBUCCS Boeing Uniform Classification and Coding SystemBUG Reference Marker (A/S or EPR)BUT ButtonBVA Bleed Valve Actuator6 REV. OCT. 00BVA Bleed Valve Angle BVCU Bleed Valve Control Unit BWL Body Water LineBYP BypassBZO BenzylPeroxide C CommonC Centigrade, Celsius (degrees)C CenterC ColdC ClearC CloseC CaptainC ConvertibleC CyanC ComparatorC CapacitorCA CableCAA Civil Aviation AuthorityCAA Civil Airworthiness Administration CAB CabinCAB Civil Aeronautics BoardCAB PRESS Cabin PressurizationCAC Caution Advisory ComputerCAC Center Accessory CompartmentCACC Cargo Air Conditioning CardCACP Cabin Area Control PanelCACTCS Cabin Air Conditioning and Temperature ControlSystemCACV Condition Air Check ValveCAD Computer Aided DesignCAD Central Air DataCAD CadmiumCADC Central Air Data ComputerCADS Central Air Data SystemCAE Computer Aided EngineeringCAF Coarse Alpha FailCAGE Commercial And Government Entity CAH Cabin Attendant HandsetCAI Combustion Area InspectionCAI Cabin Altitude IndicatorCAL Calibrate,CalibrationCAL ComparatorAutolandCAL ComparatorAileronCALC CalculateCALC Cargo Acceptance and Load Control CALIB CalibratorCALSEL CallSelectCAM CameraCAM Computer Aided ManufacturingCAM Crew Alertness MonitorCAN CanopyCAN ComparatorAccelerometer CANC Cancel,CancelledCANTIL CantileverCAO Cargo Aircraft OnlyCAP CaptureCAP CapacitorCAP CapacityCAP Cap and StowCAPLTY CapabilityCAPT CaptainCAR CargoCAR Computer Aided RecertificationCAR Civil Air RegulationCARP CarpetCARR CarrierCAS Computed Air SpeedCAS Calibrated Air SpeedCAS Calculated Air SpeedCAS Collision Avoidance SystemCAS Customer Assembled SpareCASS CasseroleCASV Computed Airspeed Validity7 REV. OCT. 00CAT CategoryCAT Clear Air TurbulenceCATS Computer Aided Training SystemCATIA Computer-AidedThree-dimensional Interactive ApplicationsCAU Circular Area UnitsCAUT CautionCAWC Central Aural Warning ComputerCAWP Caution And Warning PanelCAWS Central Aural Warning SystemCAY Comparator Lateral AccelerometerCB CircuitBreakerC/B CircuitBreakerCBAL CounterbalanceCBIT ContinuousBuilt-In-TestCBM Check Balance MomentCBMS Circuit Breaker Monitoring SystemCBO Cycles Between OverhaulCBORE CounterboreCBP Compressor Bleed PressureCBR California Bearing RatioCBS CircuitBreakersCBS CutbackStatorCBSV Cycles Between Scheduled VisitsCBT Computer Based TrainingCBT Circuit Breaker PanelCC CompassCouplerCC CombustionCaseCC CubicCentimeterCCA Central Control ActuatorCCA Circuit Card AssemblyCCB Converter Circuit BreakerCCC Crash Crew CartCCC Compressor Clearance ControlCCCV Core Compartment Cooling ValveCCD Comparator Course DataCCD Cursor Control DeviceCCDL Cross Channel Data LinkCCG Customer Configuration GuideCCIO Central Customer Information Organization CCL Cargo Control LogicCCM Cargo Control ModuleCCQ Crew Cross QualificationCCR Credit Card ReaderCCS Cabin Configuration SystemCCSD Configuration Change Support DataCCTM Cabin Configuration Test ModuleCCU Cargo Control UnitCCU Cabin Control UnitCCV Customized Chapters VolumeCCW CounterClockwiseCCW Curtailment Check WeightCCWS Comparator Control Wheel SteeringCD ControlDisplayCD CaseDrainCD ColdDrawnCD CountDragC/D CaseDrainCDB ConfigurationDatabaseCDC Cyclic Redundancy CodeCDE Consumption Data Exchange CardCDG Configuration Database GeneratorCDI Course Deviation IndicatorCDL Configuration Deviation ListCDL Configuration Data LoaderCD MON Course Datum MonitorCDP Compressor Discharge PressureCDP Control and Dim Panel (EFIS) CDR Customer Data RequirementCDS Cold Drawn SteelCDS Common Display SystemCDT Cabin Data TerminalCDU Control Display UnitCDU Center Drive UnitCDU Cockpit Display UnitC/DU Control/DisplayUnitCDX Control Differential TransformerCDX Controlled Differential TransformerCEB Customer Engineering BulletinCEC Combi Exhaust ControllerCEGT CorrectedEGTCEL CelestialCENT CentrifugalCERT CertifyCESM CommercialEngine Service Memorandum CEU Converter Electronics UnitCEU Cargo Electronics UnitCEV Clutch Electro ValveCF Course to a Fixed WaypointCF Control Wheel ForceCF CentrifugalForceCF Checking Fixture (tool)CF CostFactorCFAIL CriticalFailureCFD Comparator Flight DirectorCFD Continuous Fire DetectionCFD Comparator Faded DecrabCFDIU Central Fault Display Interface Unit CFDU Continuous Fire Detection UnitCFE Customer Furnished EquipmentCFH Cubic Feet per HourCFM Cubic Feet per MinuteCFMI CFMInternationalCFPT Computer Flight Plan TimeCFR Code of Federal RegulationsCFRP Carbon Fiber Reinforced PlasticCFS Cold Finished SteelCFS Cubic Feet per SecondCG Center of GravityCG CentigramCGF Color Guard FabricCGG Cool Gas GeneratorCGM Computer Graphics MetafileCGO CargoCGS Centimeter-Gram-SecondCH ChannelCH ChromelCH CenterHatrackCH ChargeCH* Comparator Vertical RateCH-A ChannelACHAM ChamferCHAN ChannelCHAR CharacterCHAS ChassisCHAV Compressor Heating Air ValveCH-B ChannelBCHEM ChemicalCHG ChargeCHG ChangeCHGR ChargerCHK CheckCHK GWT Check Gross WeightCHKPT CheckpointCHM ChimeCHMBR Chamber8 REV. OCT. 00CHNG Changer,Changeover CHNGS ChangesCHNL ChannelCHR ChronographCHRGR ChargerCHRO ChronometerCHRONO ChronometerCI CastIronCI Course to an InterceptCI CostIndexCI CabinInterphoneCIC Cabin Interphone ControllerCIC Corrosion Inhibiting CompoundCIH Cabin Interphone HandsetCIM Continuous Image MicrofilmCIP Cost Improvement ProgramCIP Cartridge In PlaceCIP CabinInterphoneCIR CircularCIRC CirculateCIRC CircumferenceCIS Cabin Interphone SystemCIS Cycles In ServiceCIT Compressor Inlet Temperature CIWS CentralInstrument Warning System CK CheckCKD CheckedCKPT CockpitCKS CountersinkCKT CircuitCKTS CircuitsCL ClimbCL CenterLineCL CloseCL Center of LiftCL ClipCL ClutchCL CentiliterC/L CheckListC/L CenterLineC/L Cumulative Line (position)CLA Condition Lever AngleCLASS ClassificationCLB ClimbCLCP Central Lateral Control Package CLD ClosedCLG CeilingCLG CoolingCLK ClockCLN ColonCLNG CoolingCLNR CleanerCLOG CloggingCLP ClampCLPR ClapperCLQ Closed Loop Torque functionCLR ClearCLR Clearance(altitude)CLR ALT Clearance AltitudeCLRD ClearedCLS Cabin Lighting SystemCLS Cargo Loading SystemCLS Continuous Level SensorCLSD ClosedCLSG ClosingCLTM Component Location Training Manual CLV ClevisCM Centimeter CM CrewMemberCM CallMaintenanceCM CollectiveModificationCM ConditionMonitoringCM ContinuousMonitorCMA CommaCMC Central Maintenance ComputerCMCF Central Maintenance Computing Function CMCS Central Maintenance Computer System CMD CommandCMDD Command Drive (solenoid hold)CMDHS Command Hold SolenoidCMDS CommandSwitchCMEU Cabin Management Expansion Unit CMFLR CamFollowerCMM Component Maintenance ManualCMM Common Mode MonitorCMO Certification Management Office (FAA)C-MOS ComplementaryMetal Oxide Semiconductor CMP Customized Maintenance ProgramCMP Configuration, Maintenance, Procedures(document)CMP Condition-MonitoringProgram CMPLRY ComplementaryCMPNT CompartmentCMPNT ComponentCMPS CompassCMPS Centimeters Per SecondCMPS Computerized Maintenance Planning System CMPS CPLR Compass CouplerCMPTG ComputingCMPTR ComputerCMR Certification Maintenance Requirement CMRB Condition Monitoring Review Board CMRLR CamRollerCMS Central Maintenance SystemCMS CabinManagement SystemCMS Code Material SocietyCMT Cabin Management TerminalCMU Central Management UnitCN1 CorrectedN1CN2 CorrectedN2CNA Common Nozzle AssemblyCNCT ConnectCNCTD ConnectedCNCTN ConnectionCNCTR ConnectorCNCTRC ConcentricCNCV ConcaveCND ConduitCNI Communications, Navigation, andIdentificationCNTL ControlCNTNR ContainerCNTOR ContactorCNTR CounterCNTRL ControlCNX CancelledCO CompanyCO Cut-OffCO ChangeOrderC/O ChangeOverCO2 CarbonDioxideCOAX CoaxialCOC Customer Originated ChangeCOCC Combustion Chamber Outer Case (JT8D) COD Cash On DeliveryCOEF Coefficient9 REV. OCT. 00。

AOT_A27N002_12_00

ALERT OPERATORS TRANSMISSION - ALERT OPERATORS TRANSMISSIONAIRBUS CUSTOMER SERVICESSUBJECT: ATA 27 - Incompatibility between DIEHL SFCC and ACT (Additional Center Tank) configurationOUR REF.: A27N002-12 dated 06 August 20121. AIRCRAFT AFFECTEDAll A318, A319 (except A319 CJ) and A320 equipped with ACT.- A318:MSN 1599, 2910, 3100, 3333, 3363, 3530, 3751, 3886, 3932, 3985, 4169, 4211, 4503, 4650, 4732, 4878.- A319:MSN 1479, 2213, 2228, 2279, 2456, 2716, 3065, 3096, 3615, 3657, 4004, 4768, 5023, 5088.- A320:MSN 0870, 0927, 1137, 1150, 1868, 2046, 2165, 2246, 2259, 2280, 2284, 2286, 2307, 2314, 2336, 2403, 2566, 3164, 3199, 3379, 3402, 3723, 3736, 3804, 3837, 4081, 4090, 4117, 4170, 4199, 4296, 4337, 4339, 4364, 4388, 4408, 4632, 4780, 4795, 4827, 4860, 4865, 4955, 5000, 5171, 5175, 5223.2. REFERENCED DOCUMENTATION2.1 AppendixAppendix A: Reporting Sheet reference RS-SEEL5-2012-7692012.2 References- Ref.1: Technical Follow-Up (TFU) 27.51.34.032 - "Incompatibility between DIEHL SFCC and ACT configuration".- Ref.2: Airbus Modification (MOD) 39206 "FLIGHT CONTROLS - FLAPS ELECTRICAL CONTROL AND MONITORING - INTRODUCE NEW SFCC".- Ref.3: Airbus Modification (MOD) 150774 "FLIGHT CONTROLS - FLAPS ELECTRICAL CONTROL AND MONITORING - RE-INSTALL LIEBHERR SFCC - ANTIMOD TO MOD 39206".- Ref.4: Airbus Service Bulletin (SB) 27-1213 "FLIGHT CONTROLS - FLAPS ELECTRICAL CONTROL AND MONITORING - INTRODUCE NEW SFCC".- Ref.5: Airbus Modification (MOD) 39970 "FLIGHT CONTROLS - FLAPS ELECTRICAL CONTROL AND MONITORING - INTRODUCE PROVISION FOR NEW CSU".- Ref.6: Airbus Service Information Letter (SIL) SIL 27-166 SFCC AND CSU PRODUCT IMPROVEMENT WITH NEW SUPPLIER".- Ref.7: Airbus Modification (MOD) 150900 "FUEL- ADDITIONAL CENTRE TANK- INTRODUCE FUEL SYSTEM PROVISIONS FOR 1 ACT ON A318 ELITE A/C" (SB ONLY).- Ref.8: Airbus Service Bulletin (SB) 28-1183 "FUEL - ACT - SYSTEM PROVISIONS FOR ACT 5A AND 5B INSTALLATION".- Ref.9: Airbus Modification (MOD) 25712 "FUEL-TANKS-INSTALL 1ST ACT IN BULK AND CLS CARGO CONFIGURATION (A319)".- Ref.10: Airbus Service Bulletin(SB) 28-1155 "FUEL-TANKS- REMOVAL/INSTALLATION OF ONE ACT ON A319 WITH FULL BULK CARGO CONFIGURATION".- Ref.11: Airbus Service Bulletin(SB) 28-1130 "FUEL-TANKS- REMOVAL/INSTALLATION OF ADDITIONAL CENTER TANKS".- Ref.12: Airbus Modification (MOD) 25714 "FUEL-TANKS-INSTALL 1ST ACT IN BULK AND CLS CARGO CONFIGURATION (A320)".- Ref.13: Airbus Service Bulletin (SB) 28-1146 "FUEL-TANKS-INSTALL/REMOVE ONE/ TWO ACT IN CLS CONFIGURATION".- Ref.14: Airbus Service Bulletin (SB) 28-1206 "FUEL-TANKS-INSTALL/REMOVE ONE ACT WITH BULK LOADING SYSTEM".- Ref.15: Airbus Service Bulletin (SB) 28-1136 "FUEL-TANKS- INSTALL/REMOVE ONE ACT WITH BULK LOADING SYSTEM".- Ref.16: Airbus Service Bulletin (SB) 28-1081 "FUEL-TANKS REMOVAL/INSTALLATION OF ONE OR TWO ADDITIONAL CENTER TANKS".- Ref.17: Airbus Service Bulletin (SB) 28-1119 "FUEL-TANKS-INSTALL/REMOVE ONE ACT ON A320 WITH CLS".- Ref.18: Illustrated Parts Catalog (IPC) - figure 27-51-34-01 - "SFCC-SLAT AND FLAP CONTROL COMPUTER".- Ref.19: Illustrated Parts Catalog (IPC) - figure 27-51-17-01 - "CSU- COMMAND SENSOR UNIT".- Ref.20: Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) - "TASK 27-51-34-000-001-A - Removal of the SFCC".- Ref.21: Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) - "TASK 27-51-34-400-001-A - Installation of the SFCC".- Ref.22: Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) - "TASK 27-51-43-000-001-A - Removal of the Flap and Slat Control Lever".- Ref.23: Aircraft Maintenance Manual (AMM) - "TASK 27-51-43-400-001-A - Installation of the Flap and Slat Control Lever".3. REASON3.1 FACTSDuring production testing of an A320, an issue with centre tank fuel pump automatic control was encountered.Whilst slats were extended, the centre tank pumps, which should have been inhibited, were noted to be toggling ON and OFF.In the cockpit, the CTR TK PUMP 1(2) switch 'FAULT' indications were seen to be flickering, and the CTR TK FEEDG memo was also appearing erratically. A 'FUEL AUTO FEED FAULT' ECAM warning was also reported.3.2 CONSEQUENCESBehavior described here above (centre tank fuel pumps being commanded ON or OFF intermittently or permanently) can result in an uncommanded feeding of fuel from the centre tank to the engines.This can also lead to trapped fuel in the centre tank or in the ACT or uncommanded fuel transfer from the ACT.NOTE: During take-off, supply of fuel to both engines from the centre tank is automatically disabled (when slat are extended) in order to avoid supply of potential contaminated fuel or water to both engines whilst in a critical phase of flight.3.3 INVESTIGATIONAs per design, SFCC1 (Slat Flap Control Computer) and SFCC2 provide two ground discrete signals as long as slats are extended. These signals are used by the fuel system as inputs for the automatic fuel feed and transfer logic. Depending on "ground" or "open circuit" status sent, some relays will be energised or not, thus setting the fuel feed pumps either ON or OFF.It has been found that, with ACT configuration, the current needed to keep the relays energised may be above the max current value that SFCCs can withstand because additional receivers are wired to the SFCCs discrete signals in ACT configuration. Over current protection may then be exceeded leading to the toggling of the above mentioned discrete signals, and then to the toggling of the fuel relays and pumps. This behaviour depends on the aircraft individual wiring installation as well as on each SFCC unit#s sensitivity.This issue only concerns aircraft equipped with DIEHL SFCC P/N 200301E00000206 (FIN 21CV and FIN 22CV). BAE SFCC P/N 49-117-10, P/N 49-170-07, P/N 49-170-11 are not affected by this issue as no over current protection is implemented.There is no issue with the DIEHL SFCC on aircraft without ACT configuration.A319CJ/A321 aircrafts are not affected as the fuel system architecture is different.Considering the above, the aircraft which have ACT configuration have been listed in the effectivity of this AOT:- A318 aircraft post MOD 150900 (SB 28-1183)- A319 aircraft post MOD 25712 (SB 28-1155/28-1130)- A320 aircraft post MOD 25714 (SB 28-1146/SB 28-1206/SB 28-1136/SB 28-1081/SB 28-1119)Among this list of aircraft, 2 categories are identified:o Category 1The aircraft in category 1 are the ones delivered with DIEHL SFCC. Aircraft post MOD 39206 (SB 27-1213 #INTRODUCE NEW SFCC#), without MOD 150774 (Anti MOD to MOD 39206) from production.MSN 4795, MSN 4827, MSN 4860, MSN 4865, MSN 4878, MSN 4955, MSN 5023 and MSN 5088 o Category 2The aircraft in category 2 have been delivered with BAE SFCC but DIEHL SFCC could have been installed through IPC Ref.18, or SB Ref.4. Aircraft pre MOD 39206 or with MOD 150774 (anti MOD to 39206).- A318: MSN 1599, 2910, 3100, 3333, 3363, 3530, 3751, 3886, 3932, 3985, 4169, 4211, 4503, 4650, 4732- A319: MSN 1479, 2213, 2228, 2279, 2456, 2716, 3065, 3096, 3615, 3657, 4004, 4768 - A320: MSN 0870, 0927, 1137, 1150, 1868, 2046, 2165, 2246, 2259, 2280, 2284, 2286, 2307, 2314, 2336, 2403, 2566, 3164, 3199, 3379, 3402, 3723, 3736, 3804, 3837, 4081, 4090, 4117, 4170, 4199, 4296, 4337, 4339, 4364, 4388, 4408, 4632, 4780, 5000, 5171, 5175, 52233.4 AIMThe aim of this AOT is to ensure a reliable operation of the fuel system, for all the aircraft having ACT configuration installed, by:- Identifying the incriminated configuration.- Correcting the configuration by applying the actions described in part 4.- Reporting the findings to AIRBUS.4. SHORT TERM ACTION4.1 PLANNING4.1.1 ACCOMPLISHMENT TIMESCALEActions detailed in paragraph 4.2 need to be performed within 3 months from receipt of this AOT, on all affected aircraft, listed in part 1.4.1.2 MANPOWERThe estimated time to perform AMM TASKS Ref.20, Ref.21, Ref.22 and Ref.23 is:- 3 man-hours- 3 hours elapsed time4.2 INSTRUCTIONS4.2.1 AIRCRAFT LISTED IN CATEGORY 1 (part 3.3)Install BAE SFCC P/N 49-117-10 or 49-170-11 or 49-170-07 and LIEBHERR CSU P/N 780B0000-01 or P/N 780A0000-01 or P/N 780A0000-02 in lieu of DIEHL SFCC P/N 200301E00000206 (FIN 21CV/22CV) and DIEHL CSU P/N 065-50001-0200 (FIN 51CV), as per AMM Ref.20 to AMM Ref.23 (IPC Ref.18 and Ref.19).Note: BAE SFCC cannot be installed on an aircraft fitted with DIEHL CSU therefore both CSU and SFCC should be replaced as a set.4.2.2 AIRCRAFT LISTED IN CATEGORY 2 (part 3.3)Check P/N of SFCC FIN 21CV and 22CV.Check P/N of CSU FIN 51CV.The two following procedures are approved for the identification:- Use the data from operators' approved records- Read the data by visual inspection on aircrafti. If DIEHL SFCC P/N 200301E00000206 and LIEBHERR CSU P/N 780B0000-01 or P/N 780A0000-01 or P/N 780A0000-02 are installed, re install BAE SFCC P/N 49-117-10 or P/N 49-170-07 or 49-170-11 in FIN 21CV/22CV, as per AMM Ref.20 and AMM Ref.21 (IPC Ref.18).ii. If DIEHL SFCC P/N 200301E00000206 and DIEHL CSU P/N 065-50001-0200 are installed, perform instruction provided in part 4.2.1.iii. If BAE SFCC P/N 49-117-10 or P/N 49-170-07 or 49-170-11 is installed, no action is required.4.2.3 REPORTINGReporting step 1: Once aircraft is inspected please fill in the first part of reporting sheet attached in Annex A and report to Airbus configuration of SFCC1, SFCC2 and CSU installed on aircraft.Reporting step 2: If applicable, once aircraft configuration is corrected, please fill in the second part of reporting sheet and report to Airbus.If following symptoms are observed in the cockpit, please contact AIRBUS:With slats extended,- CTR TK PUMP 1(2) switch "FAULT" indications flickering,- CTR TK FEEDG memo appearing erratically,- "FUEL AUTO FEED FAULT" ECAM warning displayed4.3 PREVENTION OF AFFECTED CONFIGURATION4.3.1 In productionAll aircraft delivered with ACT configuration installed, are fitted with BAE SFCCs in FIN 21CV/22CV and LIEBHERR CSU in FIN 51CV, since July 2012.4.3.2 In-ServiceFrom AOT issuance date, installation of DIEHL SFCC P/N 200301E00000206 on aircraft having the ACT configuration installed is not allowed.Following actions have been launched to reflect that restriction:a)Update of IPC:- Ref.18b)Update of SB relative to DIEHL SFCC installation:- Ref.4c)Update of SB relative to ACT installation :- Ref.8, Ref.10, Ref.11, Ref.13, Ref.14, Ref.15, Ref.16, Ref.17d) Update of SIL:- Ref.64.4 SPARES AND TOOLINGNo specific tooling is required to perform the actions described in this AOT.For aircraft identified as affected (part 4.2.1, part 4.2.2.i and part 4.2.2.ii), spare units will be delivered upon request to Airbus.BAE SFCC: 49-117-10 or P/N 49-170-07 or P/N 49-170-11LIEBHERR CSU: P/N 780B0000-01 or P/N 780A0000-01 or P/N 780A0000-02For spare delivery please contact:Claire HARELDirector Retrofit Operations - SEOT2Aircraft Embodiment OperationsAIRBUS Customer ServicesPhone: +33 (0)5 62 11 02 87Mobile: +33 (0)6 08 94 02 36Fax: +33 (0)5 61 93 27 45Mailto: claire.harel@In case of limited spares:i. DIEHL SFCC positioned in FIN 21CV and FIN 22CV and DIEHL CSU in FIN 51CV can be swapped with an aircraft not equipped with ACT, fitted with BAE SFCC and post MOD 39970 (Ref.5, wiring provision for DIEHL CSU installed).ii. If operator cannot comply with this AOT within 3 months, AIRBUS is to be contacted.5. FOLLOW-UP PLANFollow-up of this AOT will be ensured by means of TFU Ref.1.This TFU will provide updated information on availability of the DIEHL SFCC P/N 200301E00000307 (new standard, expected in June 2013) which will be compatible with the ACT configuration.6. AOT APPROVALThe technical content of this document is approved under the authority of DOA nr. EASA.21J.031.7. REPORTING/ACKNOWLEDGEMENTOperators are requested to acknowledge receipt of this AOT within 48 hours afterreceipt to:BONNET LaétitiaE-mail:laetitia.bonnet@Fax number +33 (0)5 67 19 12 05Inspection results with or without action shall be sent to Airbus Customer Services to the attention of:Claire HARELDirector Retrofit Operations - SEOT2Aircraft Embodiment OperationsAIRBUS Customer ServicesPhone: +33 (0)5 62 11 02 87Mobile: +33 (0)6 08 94 02 36Fax: +33 (0)5 61 93 27 45Mailto: claire.harel@Questions about the technical content of this AOT shall be sent to Airbus Customer Services Engineering to the attention of:OUFELLA-BASCO, Keltoum, SEEL5Flight Control Systems EngineerCustomer Services Engineering - SEEL5AIRBUSPhone: +33 (0)5.61.93.04.59Fax : +33 (0)5 61 93 12 05MailTo:keltoum.oufella-basco@Best Regards,J-L. MOUYSSET F. SCHREIBERVICE PRESIDENT ENGINEERING VICE PRESIDENT A320 PROGRAMCUSTOMER SERVICES CUSTOMER SERVICES。

民航专业术语缩写

A topA/C -- AircraftA/G -- Air to GroundA/H -- Altitude/HeightAAC -- Mike Monroney Aeronautical CenterAAF -- Army Air FieldAAI -- Arrival Aircraft IntervalAAP -- Advanced Automation ProgramAAR -- Airport Acceptance RateABDIS -- Automated Data Interchange System Service BACAIS -- Air Carrier Activity Information SystemACAS -- Aircraft Collision Avoidance SystemACC -- Airports Consultants CouncilACC -- Area Control CenterACCT -- Accounting RecordsACD -- Automatic Call DistributorACDO -- Air Carrier District OfficeACF -- Area Control FacilityACFO -- Aircraft Certification Field OfficeACFT -- AircraftACI-NA -- Airports Council International - North AmericaACID -- Aircraft IdentificationACIP -- Airport Capital Improvement PlanACLS -- Automatic Carrier Landing SystemACLT -- Actual Landing Time CalculatedACO -- Office of Airports Compliance and Field OperationsACO -- Aircraft Certification OfficeACRP -- Airport Cooperative Research ProgramADA -- Air Defense AreaADAP -- Airport Development Aid ProgramADAS -- AWOS Data Acquisition SystemADCCP -- Advanced Data Communications Control ProcedureADDA -- Administrative DataADF -- Automatic Direction FindingADI -- Automatic De-Ice and InhibitorADIN -- AUTODIN ServiceADIZ -- Air Defense Identification ZoneADL -- Aeronautical Data-LinkADLY -- Arrival DelayADO -- Airline Dispatch OfficeADP -- Automated Data ProcessingADS -- Automatic Dependent SurveillanceADSIM -- Airfield Delay Simulation ModelADSY -- Administrative Equipment SystemsADTN -- Administrative Data Transmission NetworkADTN2000 -- Administrative Data Transmission Network 2000 ADVO -- Administrative VoiceAEG -- Aircraft Evaluation GroupAERA -- Automated En-Route Air Traffic ControlAEX -- Automated ExecutionAF -- Airway FacilitiesAFB -- Air Force BaseAFIS -- Automated Flight Inspection SystemAFP -- Area Flight PlanAFRES -- Air Force Reserve StationAFS -- Airways Facilities SectorAFSFO -- AFS Field OfficeAFSFU -- AFS Field UnitAFSOU -- AFS Field Office Unit (Standard is AFSFOU)AFSS -- Automated Flight Service StationAFTN -- Automated Fixed Telecommunications NetworkAGIS -- Airports Geographic Information SystemAGL -- Above Ground LevelAID -- Airport Information DeskAIG -- Airbus Industries GroupAIM -- Airman's Information ManualAIP -- Airport Improvement PlanAIRMET -- Airmen's Meteorological InformationAIRNET -- Airport Network Simulation ModelAIS -- Aeronautical Information ServiceAIT -- Automated Information TransferALP -- Airport Layout PlanALS -- Approach Lighting SystemALSF1 -- ALS with Sequenced Flashers IALSF2 -- ALS with Sequenced Flashers IIALSIP -- Approach Lighting System Improvement Plan ALTRV -- Altitude ReservationAMASS -- Airport Movement Area Safety SystemAMCC -- ACF/ARTCC Maintenance Control CenterAMOS -- Automated Meteorological Observation Station AMP -- ARINC Message Processor (OR) Airport Master Plan AMVER -- Automated Mutual Assistance Vessel Rescue System ANC -- Alternate Network ConnectivityANCA -- Airport Noise and Capacity ActANG -- Air National GuardANGB -- Air National Guard BaseANMS -- Automated Network Monitoring SystemANSI -- American National Standards GroupAOA -- Air Operations AreaAP -- Acquisition PlanAPP -- ApproachAPS -- Airport Planning StandardAQAFO -- Aeronautical Quality Assurance Field Office ARAC -- Army Radar Approach Control (AAF)ARAC -- Aviation Rulemaking Advisory CommitteeARCTR -- FAA Aeronautical Center or AcademyARF -- Airport Reservation FunctionARFF -- Aircraft Rescue and Fire FightingARINC -- Aeronautical Radio, Inc.ARLNO -- Airline OfficeARO -- Airport Reservation OfficeARP -- Airport Reference PointARRA -- American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ARSA -- Airport Service Radar AreaARSR -- Air Route Surveillance RadarARTCC -- Air Route Traffic Control CenterARTS -- Automated Radar Terminal SystemASAS -- Aviation Safety Analysis SystemASC -- AUTODIN Switching CenterASCP -- Aviation System Capacity PlanASD -- Aircraft Situation DisplayASDA -- Accelerate -- Stop Distance AvailableASLAR -- Aircraft Surge Launch And RecoveryASM -- Available Seat MileASP -- Arrival Sequencing ProgramASOS -- Automatic Surface Observation SystemASQP -- Airline Service Quality PerformanceASR -- Airport Surveillance RadarASTA -- Airport Surface Traffic AutomationASV -- Airline Schedule VendorAT -- Air TrafficATA -- Air Transport Association of AmericaATAS -- Airspace and Traffic Advisory ServiceATCAA -- Air Traffic Control Assigned AirspaceAT&T -- American Telephone and TelegraphAT&T ASDC -- AT&T Agency Service Delivery CenterAT&T CSA -- AT&T Customer Support AssociateATC -- Air Traffic ControlATCBI -- Air Traffic Control Beacon IndicatorATCCC -- Air Traffic Control Command CenterATCO -- Air Taxi Commercial OperatorATCRB -- Air Traffic Control Radar BeaconATCRBS -- Air Traffic Control Radar Beacon SystemATCSCC -- Air Traffic Control Systems Command CenterATCT -- Airport Traffic Control TowerATIS -- Automated Terminal Information ServiceATISR -- ATIS RecorderATM -- Air Traffic ManagementATM -- Asynchronous Transfer ModeATMS -- Advanced Traffic Management SystemATN -- Aeronautical Telecommunications NetworkATODN -- AUTODIN Terminal (FUS)ATOVN -- AUOTVON (Facility)ATOMS -- Air Traffic Operations Management SystemATS -- Air Traffic ServiceATSCCP -- ATS Contingency Command PostATTIS -- AT&T Information SystemsAUTODIN -- DoD Automatic Digital NetworkAUTOVON -- DoD Automatic Voice NetworkAVON -- AUTOVON ServiceAVN -- Aviation Standards National Field Office, Oklahoma CityAWIS -- Airport Weather InformationAWOS -- Automated Weather Observation SystemAWP -- Aviation Weather ProcessorAWPG -- Aviation Weather Products GeneratorAWS -- Air Weather StationB topBANS -- BRITE Alphanumeric SystemBART -- Billing Analysis Reporting Tool (GSA software tool)BASIC -- Basic Contract Observing StationBASOP -- Military Base OperationsBCA -- Benefit/Cost AnalysisBCR -- Benefit/Cost RatioBDAT -- Digitized Beacon DataBMP -- Best Management PracticesBOC -- Bell Operating Companybps -- bits per secondBRI -- Basic Rate InterfaceBRITE -- Bright Radar Indicator Terminal EquipmentBRL -- Building Restriction LineBUEC -- Back-- up Emergency CommunicationsBUECE -- Back-- up Emergency Communications EquipmentC topCAA -- Civil Aviation AuthorityCAA -- Clean Air ActCAB -- Civil Aeronautics BoardCARF -- Central Altitude Reservation FacilityCASFO -- Civil Aviation Security OfficeCAT -- CategoryCAT -- Clear -- Air TurbulenceCAU -- Crypto Ancillary UnitCBI -- Computer Based InstructionCCC -- Communications Command CenterCCCC -- Staff CommunicationsCCCH -- Central Computer Complex HostCC&O -- Customer Cost and ObligationCCSD -- Command Communications Service DesignatorCCS7-- NI -- Communication Channel Signal-7 -- Network Interconnect CCU -- Central Control UnitCD -- Common DigitizerCDR -- Cost Detail ReportCDT -- Controlled Departure TimeCDTI -- Cockpit Display of Traffic InformationCENTX -- Central Telephone ExchangeCEP -- Capacity Enhancement ProgramCEQ -- Council on Environmental QualityCERAP -- Center Radar Approach ControlCERAP -- Central Radar ApproachCERAP -- Combined Center/Radar Approach ControlCFC -- Central Flow ControlCFCF -- Central Flow Control FacilityCFCS -- Central Flow Control ServiceCFR -- Code of Federal RegulationsCFWP -- Central Flow Weather ProcessorCFWU -- Central Flow Weather UnitCGAS -- Coast Guard Air StationCLC -- Course Line ComputerCLIN -- Contract Line ItemCLT -- Calculated Landing TimeCM -- Commercial Service AirportCNMPS -- Canadian Minimum Navigation Performance Specification Airspace CNS -- Consolidated NOTAM SystemCNSP -- Consolidated NOTAM System ProcessorCO -- Central OfficeCOE -- U.S. Army Corps of EngineersCOMCO -- Command Communications OutletCONUS -- Continental United StatesCORP -- Private Corporation other than ARINC or MITRECPE -- Customer Premise EquipmentCPMIS -- Consolidated Personnel Management Information SystemCRA -- Conflict Resolution AdvisoryCRDA -- Converging Runway Display AidCRT -- Cathode Ray TubeCSA -- Communications Service AuthorizationCSIS -- Centralized Storm Information SystemCSO -- Customer Service OfficeCSR -- Communications Service RequestCSS -- Central Site SystemC/S/S/N -- Capacity/Safety/Security/NoiseCTA -- Controlled Time of ArrivalCTA -- Control AreaCTA/FIR -- Control Area/Flight Information RegionCTAF -- Common Traffic Advisory FrequencyCTAS -- Center -- Tracon Automation SystemCTMA -- Center Traffic Management AdvisorCUPS -- Consolidated Uniform Payroll SystemCVFR -- Controlled Visual Flight RulesCVTS -- Compressed Video Transmission ServiceCW -- Continuous WaveCWSU -- Central Weather Service UnitCWY -- ClearwayD topDA -- Direct AccessDA -- Decision Altitude/Decision HeightDA -- Descent AdvisorDABBS -- DITCO Automated Bulletin Board SystemDAIR -- Direct Altitude and Identity ReadoutDAR -- Designated Agency RepresentativeDARC -- Direct Access Radar ChanneldBA -- Decibels A-weightedDBCRC -- Defense Base Closure and Realignment CommissionDBE -- Disadvantaged Business EnterpriseDBMS -- Data Base Management SystemDBRITE -- Digital Bright Radar Indicator Tower EquipmentDCA -- Defense Communications AgencyDCAA -- Dual Call, Automatic Answer DeviceDCCU -- Data Communications Control UnitDCE -- Data Communications EquipmentDDA -- Dedicated Digital AccessDDD -- Direct Distance DialingDDM -- Difference in Depth of ModulationDDS -- Digital Data ServiceDEA -- Drug Enforcement AgencyDEDS -- Data Entry and Display SystemDEIS -- Draft Environmental Impact StatementDEP -- DepartureDEWIZ -- Distance Early Warning Identification ZoneDF -- Direction FinderDFAX -- Digital FacsimileDFI -- Direction Finding IndicatorDGPS -- Differential Global Positioning Satellite (System)DH -- Decision HeightDID -- Direct Inward DialDIP -- Drop and Insert PointDIRF -- Direction FindingDITCO -- Defense Information Technology Contracting Office Agency DME -- Distance Measuring EquipmentDME/P -- Precision Distance Measuring EquipmentDMN -- Data Multiplexing NetworkDNL -- Day-- Night Equivalent Sound Level (Also called Ldn)DOD -- Direct Outward DialDoD -- Department of DefenseDOI -- Department of InteriorDOS -- Department of StateDOT -- Department of TransportationDOTS -- Dynamic Ocean Tracking SystemDOTCC -- Department of Transportation Computer CenterDSCS -- Digital Satellite Compression ServiceDSUA -- Dynamic Special Use AirspaceDTS -- Dedicated Transmission ServiceDUAT -- Direct User Access TerminalDVFR -- Defense Visual Flight RulesDVFR -- Day Visual Flight RulesDVOR -- Doppler Very High Frequency Omni-- Directional RangeDYSIM -- Dynamic SimulatorE topE-MSAW -- En-Route Automated Minimum Safe Altitude WarningEA -- Environmental AssessmentEARTS -- En Route Automated Radar Tracking SystemECOM -- En Route CommunicationsECVFP -- Expanded Charted Visual Flight ProceduresEDCT -- Expedite Departure PathEFAS -- En Route Flight Advisory ServiceEFC -- Expect Further ClearanceEFIS -- Electronic Flight Information SystemsEIAF -- Expanded Inward Access FeaturesEIS -- Environmental Impact StatementELT -- Emergency Locator TransmitterELWRT -- ElectrowriterEMAS -- Engineered Materials Arresting SystemEMPS -- En Route Maintenance Processor SystemEMS -- Environmental Management SystemENAV -- En Route Navigational AidsEPA -- Environmental Protection AgencyEPS -- Engineered Performance StandardsEOF -- Emergency Operating FacilityEPSS -- Enhanced Packet Switched ServiceERAD -- En Route Broadband RadarESEC -- En Route Broadband Secondary RadarESP -- En Route Spacing ProgramESYS -- En Route Equipment SystemsESF -- Extended Superframe FormatETA -- Estimated Time of ArrivalETE -- Estimated Time En RouteETG -- Enhanced Target GeneratorETMS -- Enhanced Traffic Management SystemETN -- Electronic Telecommunications NetworkEVAS -- Enhanced Vortex Advisory SystemEVCS -- Emergency Voice Communications SystemF topFAA -- Federal Aviation AdministrationF&E -- Facility and EquipmentFAAAC -- FAA Aeronautical CenterFAACIS -- FAA Communications Information SystemFAATC -- FAA Technical CenterFAC -- FacilityFAF -- Final Approach FixFAP -- Final Approach PointFAPM -- FTS2000 Associate Program ManagerFAR -- Federal Aviation RegulationFAATSAT -- FAA Telecommunications SatelliteFAST -- Final Approach Spacing ToolFAX -- Facsimile EquipmentFBO -- Fixed Base OperatorFBS -- Fall Back SwitchFCC -- Federal Communications CommissionFCLT -- Freeze Calculated Landing TimeFCOM -- FSS Radio Voice CommunicationsFCPU -- Facility Central Processing UnitFDAT -- Flight Data Entry and Printout (FDEP) and Flight Data Service FDE -- Flight Data EntryFDEP -- Flight Data Entry and PrintoutFDIO -- Flight Data Input/OutputFDIOC -- Flight Data Input/Output CenterFDIOR -- Flight Data Input/Output RemoteFDM -- Frequency Division MultiplexingFDP -- Flight Data ProcessingFED -- FederalFEIS -- Final Environmental Impact StatementFEP -- Front End ProcessorFFAC -- From FacilityFIFO -- Flight Inspection Field OfficeFIG -- Flight Inspection GroupFINO -- Flight Inspection National Field OfficeFIPS -- Federal Information Publication StandardFIR -- Flight Information RegionFIRE -- Fire StationFIRMR -- Federal Information Resource Management RegulationFL -- Flight LevelFLOWSIM -- Traffic Flow Planning SimulationFMA -- Final Monitor AidFMF -- Facility Master FileFMIS -- FTS2000 Management Information SystemFMS -- Flight management SystemFNMS -- FTS2000 Network Management SystemFOIA -- Freedom Of Information ActFONSI -- Finding of No Significant ImpactFP -- Flight PlanFRC -- Request Full Route ClearanceFSAS -- Flight Service Automation SystemFSDO -- Flight Standards District OfficeFSDPS -- Flight Service Data Processing SystemFSEP -- Facility/Service/Equipment ProfileFSP -- Flight Strip PrinterFSPD -- Freeze Speed ParameterFSS -- Flight Service StationFSSA -- Flight Service Station Automated ServiceFSTS -- Federal Secure Telephone ServiceFSYS -- Flight Service Station Equipment SystemsFTS -- Federal Telecommunications SystemFTS2000 -- Federal Telecommunications System 2000FUS -- Functional Units or SystemsFWCS -- Flight Watch Control StationG topGA -- General AviationGAA -- General Aviation ActivityGAAA -- General Aviation Activity and AvionicsGADO -- General Aviation District OfficeGCA -- Ground Control ApproachGIS -- Geographic Information SystemGNAS -- General National Airspace SystemGNSS -- Global Navigation Satellite SystemGOES -- Geostationary Operational Environmental SatelliteGOESF -- GOES Feed PointGOEST -- GOES Terminal EquipmentGPRA -- Government Performance Results ActGPS -- Global Positioning SatelliteGPWS -- Ground Proximity Warning SystemGRADE -- Graphical Airspace Design EnvironmentGS -- Glide Slope IndicatorGSA -- General Services AdministrationGSE -- Ground Support EquipmentH topH -- Non-- Directional Radio Homing Beacon (NDB)HAA -- Height Above AirportHAL -- Height Above LandingHARS -- High Altitude Route SystemHAT -- Height Above TouchdownHAZMAT -- Hazardous MaterialsHCAP -- High Capacity CarriersHLDC -- High Level Data Link ControlHDME -- NDB with Distance Measuring EquipmentHDQ -- FAA HeadquartersHELI -- HeliportHF -- High FrequencyHH -- NDB, 2kw or MoreHI-- EFAS -- High Altitude EFASHOV -- High Occupancy VehicleHSI -- Horizontal Situation IndicatorsHUD -- Housing and Urban DevelopmentHWAS -- Hazardous In-- Flight Weather AdvisoryHz -- HERTZI topIA -- Indirect AccessIAF -- Initial Approach FixI/AFSS -- International AFSSIAP -- Instrument Approach ProceduresIAPA -- Instrument Approach Procedures AutomationIBM -- International Business MachinesIBP -- International Boundary PointIBR -- Intermediate Bit RateICAO -- International Civil Aviation OrganizationICSS -- International Communications Switching SystemsIDAT -- Interfacility DataIF -- Intermediate FixIFCP -- Interfacility Communications ProcessorIFDS -- Interfacility Data SystemIFEA -- In-- Flight Emergency AssistanceIFO -- International Field OfficeIFR -- Instrument Flight RulesIFSS -- International Flight Service StationILS -- Instrument Landing SystemIM -- Inner MarkerIMC -- Instrument Meteorological ConditionsINM -- Integrated Noise ModelINS -- Inertial Navigation SystemIRMP -- Information Resources Management PlanISDN -- Integrated Services Digital NetworkISMLS -- Interim Standard Microwave Landing SystemITI -- Interactive Terminal InterfaceIVRS -- Interim Voice Response SystemIW -- Inside WiringJ top K topKbps -- Kilobits Per SecondKhz -- KilohertzKVDT -- Keyboard Video Display TerminalL topLAA -- Local Airport AdvisoryLAAS -- Low Altitude Alert SystemLABS -- Leased A B ServiceLABSC -- LABS GS-- 200 ComputerLABSR -- LABS Remote EquipmentLABSW -- LABS Switch SystemLAHSO -- Land and Hold Short OperationLAN -- Local Area NetworkLATA -- Local Access and Transport AreaLAWRS -- Limited Aviation Weather Reporting SystemLCF -- Local Control FacilityLCN -- Local Communications NetworkLDA -- Localizer Directional AidLDA -- Landing Directional AidLDIN -- Lead-- in LightsLEC -- Local Exchange CarrierLF -- Low FrequencyLINCS -- Leased Interfacility NAS Communications SystemLIS -- Logistics and Inventory SystemLLWAS -- Low Level Wind Shear Alert SystemLM/MS -- Low/Medium FrequencyLMM -- Locator Middle MarkerLMS -- LORAN Monitor SiteLOC -- LocalizerLOCID -- Location IdentifierLOI -- Letter of IntentLOM -- Compass Locator at Outer MarkerLORAN -- Long Range Aid to NavigationLPV -- Lateral Precision Performance with Vertical GuidanceLRCO -- Limited Remote Communications OutletLRNAV -- Long Range NavigationLRR -- Long Range RadarM topMAA -- Maximum Authorized AltitudeMALS -- Medium Intensity Approach Lighting SystemMALSF -- MALS with Sequenced FlashersMALSR -- MALS with Runway Alignment Indicator LightsMAP -- Maintenance Automation ProgramMAP -- Military Airport ProgramMAP -- Missed Approach PointMAP -- Modified Access PricingMbps -- Megabits Per SecondMCA -- Minimum Crossing AltitudeMCAS -- Marine Corps Air StationMCC -- Maintenance Control CenterMCL -- Middle Compass LocaterMCS -- Maintenance and Control SystemMDA -- Minimum Descent AltitudeMDT -- Maintenance Data TerminalMEA -- Minimum En Route AltitudeMETI -- Meteorological InformationMF -- Middle FrequencyMFJ -- Modified Final JudgmentMFT -- Meter Fix Crossing Time/Slot TimeMHA -- Minimum Holding AltitudeMhg -- MegHERTZMIA -- Minimum IFR AltitudesMIDO -- Manufacturing Inspection District OfficeMIS -- Meteorological Impact StatementMISC -- MiscellaneousMISO -- Manufacturing Inspection Satellite OfficeMIT -- Miles In TrailMITRE -- Mitre CorporationMLS -- Microwave Landing SystemMM -- Middle MarkerMMC -- Maintenance Monitoring ConsoleMMS -- Maintenance Monitoring SystemMNPS -- Minimum Navigation Performance SpecificationMNPSA -- Minimum Navigation Performance Specifications Airspace MOA -- Memorandum of AgreementMOA -- Military Operations AreaMOCA -- Minimum Obstruction Clearance AltitudeMODE C -- Altitude-- Encoded Beacon ReplyMODE C -- Altitude Reporting Mode of Secondary RadarMODE S -- Mode Select Beacon SystemMOU -- Memorandum of UnderstandingMPO -- Metropolitan Planning OrganizationMPS -- Maintenance Processor Subsystem (OR) Master Plan Supplement MRA -- Minimum Reception AltitudeMRC -- Monthly Recurring ChargeMSA -- Minimum Safe AltitudeMSAW -- Minimum Safe Altitude WarningMSL -- Mean Sea LevelMSN -- Message Switching NetworkMTCS -- Modular Terminal Communications SystemMTI -- Moving Target IndicatorMUX -- MultiplexorMVA -- Minimum Vectoring AltitudeMVFR -- Marginal Visual Flight RulesN topNAAQS -- National Ambient Air Quality StandardsNADA -- NADIN ConcentratorNADIN -- National Airspace Data Interchange NetworkNADSW -- NADIN SwitchesNAILS -- National Airspace Integrated Logistics SupportNAMS -- NADIN IANAPRS -- National Airspace Performance Reporting SystemNAS -- National Airspace System or Naval Air StationNASDC -- National Aviation Safety DataNASP -- National Airspace System PlanNASPAC -- National Airspace System Performance Analysis Capability NATCO -- National Communications Switching CenterNAVAID -- Navigation AidNAVMN -- Navigation Monitor and ControlNAWAU -- National Aviation Weather Advisory UnitNAWPF -- National Aviation Weather Processing FacilityNCAR -- National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder, CONCF -- National Control FacilityNCIU -- NEXRAD Communications Interface UnitNCP -- Noise Compatibility ProgramNCS -- National Communications SystemNDB -- Non-- Directional Radio Homing BeaconNDNB -- NADIN IINEM -- Noise Exposure MapNEPA -- National Environmental Policy ActNEXRAD -- Next Generation Weather RadarNFAX -- National Facsimile ServiceNFDC -- National Flight Data CenterNFIS -- NAS Facilities Information SystemNI -- Network InterfaceNICS -- National Interfacility Communications SystemNPE -- Non-primary Airport EntitlementNPIAS -- National Plan of Integrated Airport SystemsNM -- Nautical MileNMAC -- Near Mid Air CollisionNMC -- National Meteorological CenterNMCE -- Network Monitoring and Control EquipmentNMCS -- Network Monitoring and Control SystemNOAA -- National Oceanic and Atmospheric AdministrationNOC -- Notice Of CompletionNOTAM -- Notice to AirmenNPDES -- National Pollutant Discharge Elimination SystemNPIAS -- National Plan of Integrated Airport SystemsNRC -- Non-- Recurring ChargeNRCS -- National Radio Communications SystemsNSAP -- National Service Assurance PlanNSRCATN -- National Strategy to Reduce Congestion on America's Transportation NetworkNSSFC -- National Severe Storms Forecast CenterNSSL -- National Severe Storms Laboratory; Norman, OKNTAP -- Notices To Airmen PublicationNTP -- National Transportation PolicyNTSB -- National Transportation Safety BoardNTZ -- No Transgression ZoneNWS -- National Weather ServiceNWSR -- NWS Weather Excluding NXRDNSWRH -- NWS Regional HeadquartersNXRD -- Advanced Weather Radar SystemO topOAG -- Official Airline GuideOALT -- Operational Acceptable Level of TrafficOAW -- Off-- airway Weather StationODAL -- Omnidirectional Approach Lighting SystemODAPS -- Oceanic Display and Processing StationOEP -- Operational Evolution Plan / PartnershipOFA -- Object Free AreaOFDPS -- Offshore Flight Data Processing SystemOFT -- Outer Fix TimeOFZ -- Obstacle Free ZoneOM -- Outer MarkerOMB -- Office of Management and BudgetONER -- Oceanic Navigational Error ReportOPLT -- Operational Acceptable Level of TrafficOPSW -- Operational SwitchOPX -- Off Premises ExchangeORD -- Operational Readiness DemonstrationOTR -- Oceanic Transition RouteOTS -- Organized Track SystemP topPABX -- Private Automated Branch ExchangePAD -- Packet Assembler/DisassemblerPAM -- Peripheral Adapter ModulePAPI -- Precision Approach Path IndicatorPAR -- Precision Approach RadarPAR -- Preferential Arrival RoutePATWAS -- Pilots Automatic Telephone Weather Answering ServicePBCT -- Proposed Boundary Crossing TimePBRF -- Pilot BriefingPBX -- Private Branch ExchangePCA -- Positive Control AirspacePCM -- Pulse Code ModulationPDAR -- Preferential Arrival And Departure RoutePDC -- Pre-- Departure ClearancePDC -- Program Designator CodePDR -- Preferential Departure RoutePDN -- Public Data NetworkPFC -- Passenger Facility ChargePGP -- Planning Grant ProgramPIC -- Principal Interexchange CarrierPIDP -- Programmable Indicator Data ProcessorPIREP -- Pilot Weather ReportPMS -- Program Management SystemPOLIC -- Police StationPOP -- Point Of PresencePOT -- Point Of TerminationPPIMS -- Personal Property Information Management SystemPR -- Primary Commercial Service AirportPRI -- Primary Rate InterfacePRM -- Precision Runway MonitorPSDN -- Public Switched Data NetworkPSN -- Packet Switched NetworkPSS -- Packet Switched ServicePSTN -- Public Switched Telephone NetworkPTC -- Presumed-to-ConformPUB -- PublicationPUP -- Principal User ProcessorPVC -- Permanent Virtual CircuitPVD -- Plan View DisplayQ topR topRAIL -- Runway Alignment Indicator LightsRAPCO -- Radar Approach Control (USAF)RAPCON -- Radar Approach Control (FAA)RATCC -- Radar Air Traffic Control CenterRATCF -- Radar Air Traffic Control Facility (USN)RBC -- Rotating Beam CeilometerRBDPE -- Radar Beacon Data Processing Equipment RBSS -- Radar Bomb Scoring SquadronRCAG -- Remote Communications Air/GroundRCC -- Rescue Coordination CenterRCF -- Remote Communication FacilityRCCC -- Regional Communications Control Centers RCIU -- Remote Control Interface UnitRCL -- Radio Communications LinkRCLR -- RCL RepeaterRCLT -- RCL TerminalRCO -- Remote Communications OutletRCU -- Remote Control UnitRDAT -- Digitized Radar DataRDP -- Radar Data ProcessingRDSIM -- Runway Delay Simulation ModelREIL -- Runway End Identification LightsRF -- Radio FrequencyRL -- General Aviation Reliever AirportRMCC -- Remote Monitor Control CenterRMCF -- Remote Monitor Control FacilityRML -- Radio Microwave LinkRMLR -- RML RepeaterRMLT -- RML TerminalRMM -- Remote Maintenance MonitoringRMMS -- Remote Maintenance Monitoring System RMS -- Remote Monitoring SubsystemRMSC -- Remote Monitoring Subsystem Concentrator RNAV -- Area NavigationRNP -- Required Navigation PerformanceROD -- Record of DecisionROSA -- Report of Service ActivityROT -- Runway Occupancy TimeRP -- Restoration PriorityRPC -- Restoration Priority CodeRPG -- Radar Processing GroupRPZ -- Runway Protection ZoneRRH -- Remote Reading HygrothermometerRRHS -- Remote Reading HydrometerRRWDS -- Remote Radar Weather DisplayRRWSS -- RWDS Sensor SiteRSA -- Runway Safety AreaRSAT -- Runway Safety Action TeamRSS -- Remote Speaking SystemRT -- Remote Transmitter。

航空维修英语m9考试真题

航空维修英语m9考试真题English:The M9 exam for aviation maintenance covers a wide range of topics related to aircraft maintenance. It tests the knowledge and skills of aviation technicians in various areas such as inspections, troubleshooting, repairs, and regulations. The exam consists of multiple-choice questions, practical tasks, and written essays.To succeed in the M9 exam, candidates must have a solid understanding of aircraft systems, including airframe, engines, avionics, and electrical systems. They need to be familiar with the different inspection processes, such as pre-flight, post-flight, and scheduled inspections, and be able to identify and rectify common faults or malfunctions. Additionally, candidates should be well-versed in the regulations and procedures set by aviation authorities, ensuring compliance with safety standards and ensuring proper documentation and record-keeping.The exam also evaluates the ability to troubleshoot complex problems. Candidates may be presented with simulated scenarioswhere they need to analyze data, assess the situation, and determine the best course of action to resolve the issue. This requires critical thinking skills, in-depth understanding of aircraft systems, and practical experience in maintenance operations.In preparation for the M9 exam, candidates should study aircraft maintenance manuals, manufacturer's instructions, and regulatory documents. They should also gain hands-on experience through practical training and apprenticeships, working under the guidance and supervision of experienced technicians.Overall, the M9 exam assesses the knowledge, skills, and abilities needed for aviation maintenance technicians to ensure safe and efficient operation of aircraft. It emphasizes the importance of understanding aircraft systems, following regulations, and effectively troubleshooting problems. By thoroughly preparing for the exam and gaining practical experience, candidates can demonstrate their competence and become certified aviation maintenance professionals.中文翻译:航空维修M9考试涵盖了与飞机维修相关的众多主题。