地理信息系统 专业外语试卷3

专业英语考试题

出题人：宋丽瑶，霞，王诏，丹丹，臧琳

一 Definition(3)

Geomatics: is concerned with the measurement,representation ,analysis,management,retrieval and display of spatial data concerning both the earths physical features and the built environment.

Level surface: is a curved surface that at every point is perpendicular to the plumb line. Approximately spheroidal in shape.

GIS: is an acronym meaning of geographic information system.GIS is a system of hardware,software,and procedures designed to support the capture,management,manipulation,analysis,modeling,and display of spatially referenced data for solving complex planning and management problems.

(Is a computer system capable of assembling,storing,manipulating,and displaying geographically referenced information.)

二 Chinese to English(15)

北（纵）坐标/东（横）坐标

地形测量

视距测量

视距丝

放样

水平/垂直度盘

顺时针/逆时针

地势、地形

全站仪

天顶距

系统误差

星座

伪距

实时

民用码

三 English to Chinese(20)

Differential leveling

Aerial photography

Satellite imagery

Photogrammetry

longitude/latitude

Precision /accuracy

Electronic distance measurement instrument

Celestial sphere

Upper plate

Leveling

Level surface

Tidal datum

National geodetic vertical datum

Inertial positioning system

Gross error

Differential correction

Ephemeris

Ionosphere/troposphere

Integer ambiguity

Georeference

四翻译句子

1.The term geomatics emerged first in Canada; it has been introduced worldwide

in a number of institutes of higher education during the past few years, mostly by renaming what was previously called “geodesy” or “surveying”, and by adding a number of computer science and/or GIS-oriented courses.

2.Increasingly critical are areas of expanding populations, appreciating land

values, dwindling natural resources, and the continuing stressing of the quality of our land, water and air from human activities.

3.Data management and process are handled through the use of computer programs

for engineering design, digital photogrammetry, image analysis, relational data base management, and geographic information systems (GIS).

4.The type of surveying in which the mean surface of the earth is considered a

plane, or in which the curvature of the earth can be disregarded without significant error, generally is called plane surveying.

5.Since this instrument determine the lengths based on phase changes that occur

as electromagnetic energy of known wavelength travels from one end of a line to the other and returns.

6.Since the advent of EDM equipment, traversing has emerged as the most popular

method to establish control networks such as basic area control, mapping, control of hydrographic surveys and construction projects.

7.In fact, a theodolite may be regarded as a mechanical realization of the geometry

of three concurrent straight lines—the telescope axis, the so-called transit axis to which the telescope axis should be perpendicular, and the main rotation axis to which the transit axis should be perpendicular.

8.If the geometry of the instrument is perfect, then when the rotation axis is