英语专四资料
英语专业四级Dictation50篇
1.Town and Country Life in EnglandThere is a big difference between town life and country life in England. In the country, everybody knows everybody else. They know what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner. If you want help, you will always get it and you will be glad to help others.In a large town like London, however, it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor and you do not know his name or anything about him. People in London are often very lonely. This is because people go to different places in the evenings and at weekends. If you walk through the streets in the centre of London on Sunday, it is like a town without people. One is sorry for old people living on their own. They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months2.A Change in Women’s LifeThe important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on women’s economic position. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, manygirls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-time or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.Useful Words and Expressions:1. life-pattern生活方式2. share3.A Popular Pastime of the English PeopleOne of the best means of understanding the people of any nation is watching what the do with their non-working time.Most English men, women and children love growing things, especially flowers. Visitors to England in spring, summer or autumn are likely to see gardens all they way along the railway lines. There are flowers at the airports and flowers in factory grounds, as well as in gardens along the roads. Each English town has at least one park with beautifully kept flower beds. Public buildings of every kind have brilliant window boxes andsometimes baskets of flowers are hanging on them.But what the English enjoy most is growing things themselves. If it is impossible to have a garden, then a window box or something growing in a pot will do. Looking at each other’s gardens is a popular pastime with the English.Useful Words and Expressions:1. window box:窗台上的花盆箱2.pastime 消遣，娱乐Swimming is my favorite pastime.4.British and American Police OfficersReal policemen, both in Britain and the U.S., hardly recognize any common points between their lives and what they se on TV—if they ever get home in time.Some things are almost the same, of course, but the policemen do not think much of them much of them.The first difference is that a policeman’s real life deals with the law. Most of what he learns is the law. He has to know actually what actions are against the law and what facts can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a lawyer, and what’s more, he has to put it into practice on his feet, in the dark and, running down a narrow street after someone hewants to talk to.Little of his time is spent in talking with beautiful girls or in bravely facing cruel criminals. He will spend most of his working life arranging millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, ordinary people who are guilty--- or not of stupid, unimportant crimes.Useful Words and Expressions:1. think much of 重视，尊重2. in court 在法庭上3. criminal 罪犯，犯罪者4. guilty 犯罪的，有罪的5.Living SpaceHow much living space does a person need? What happens when his space needs are not met? Scientists are doing experiments on rats to try to determine the effects of overcrowded conditions on man. Recent studies have shown that the behavior of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have enough living space, they eat well, sleep well and produce their young well. But if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior and even their health change obviously. They can not sleep and eat well, and signs of fear and worry become clear. The more crowded they are, and more they tend to bite eachother and even kill each other. Thus, for rats, populations and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well? Is enough space not only satisfactory, but necessary for human survival? These are interesting questions.6.The United NationsIn 1945, representatives of 50 nations met to plan this organization. It was called the United Nations. After the war, many more nations joined.There are two major parts of the United Nations. One is called the General Assembly. In the General Assembly, every member nation is represented and has an equal vote.The second part is called the Security Council. It has representatives of just 15 nations. Five nations are permanent members: the United States, Russia, France, Britain, and China. The 10 other members are elected every two years by the General Assembly.The major job of the Security Council is to keep peace in the world. If necessary, it can send troops from member nations to try to stop little wars before they turn into big ones.It is hard to get the nations of the Security Council to agree on when this is necessary. But they did vote to try to stop wars.Useful Words and Expressions:1. representative 代表2. General Assembly 联合国大会3. permanent 永久的，持久的4. Security Council 联合国安全理事会7.PlasticWe use plastic wrap to protect our foods. We put our garbage in plastic bags or plastic cans. We sit on plastic chairs, play with plastic toys, drink from plastic cups, and wash our hair with shampoo from plastic bottles!Plastic does not grow in nature. It is made by mixing certain things together. We call it a produced or manufactured material. Plastic was first made in the 1860s from plants, such as wood and cotton. That plastic was soft and burned easily.The first modern plastics were made in the 1930s. Most clear plastic starts out as thick, black oil. That plastic coating inside a pan begins as natural gas.Over the years, hundreds of different plastics have been developed. Some are hard and strong. Some are soft and bendable. Some are clear. Some are many-colored. There is a plastic for almost every need. Scientists continue to experiment with plastics. They hope to find even ways to use them!8. Display of GoodsAre supermarkets designed to persuade us to buy more?Fresh fruit and vegetables are displayed near supermarket entrances. This gives the impression that only healthy food is sold in the shop. Basic foods that everyone buys, like sugar and tea, are not put near each other. They are kept in different aisles so customers are taken past other attractive foods before they find what they want. In this way, shoppers are encouraged to buy products that they do not really need.Sweets are often placed at children’s eye level at the checkout. While parents are waiting to pay, children reach for the sweets and put them in the trolley.More is bought from a fifteen-foot display of one type of product than from a ten-foot one. Customers also buy more when shelves are full than when they are half empty. They do not like to buy from shelves with few products on them because they feel there is something wrong with those products that are there.Useful Words and Expressions:1. aisle 走廊，过道2. trolley 手推车3. checkout 收款台9.Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879, His father owned a factory that made electrical devices. His mother enjoyed music and books. His parents were Jewish but they did not observe many of the re ligion’s rules. Albert was a quite child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the compass needle always pointed in the same direction—to be north. He asked his father and his uncle what caused the needle to move. Their answers about magnetism and gravity were difficult for the boy to understand. Yet he spent a lot of time thinking about them. He said later that he felt something hidden had to be behind things.Useful expressions and words:1. device 装置，设备leave to one’s own devices 听任某人自行其是，允许某人按自己的意愿做事She left the child to her own devices for an hour in the afternoon.她允许孩子在下午有一个小时的自由支配时间。
完整版专四英语语法考点分析解析
语法考点之一:虚拟语气考点1.If从句中的虚拟语气1、与过去事实相反：从句sｂｈad ｄoｎe，主句sb wouｌd(sｈoｕlｄ, ｃould, miｇht)＋hａvｅｄoｎe；2、省略ｉf,从句的语序用到装，即将ｗere,hａd或shoulｄ移至主语的前面，但否定词not不前移。
3、与将来事实相反：从句ｓb dｉd (ｓhoｕｌd+ｄｏ或were+tｏdo)，主句sb would (shoｕld，cｏuld, ｍight)＋do。
4、错综条件句：主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间段。
比如：从句对过去虚拟，而主句对现在虚拟，即从句sb hａd dｏne,主句sb wｏulｄ(sｈoｕld, could, mｉght)+do;考点２：表示建议、要求、命令等动词如insisｔ,ｏrdeｒ，cｏmmaｎｄ, sｕｇgest, aｄvise, prｏpose, a ｓk，reqｕire, ｒｅｑuesｔ，ｄemａnd引导的从句及it引导的相应的分词、名词和形容词从句,谓语用(should)+动词原形。
考点３:Iｔis ＋advｉsable,eｓｓenｔiａl, importaｎt, iｍpeｒative，iｎcｒediｂｌe等从句，谓语用（should)+动词原形。
考点4：it is(ｈｉgh/abouｔ)tiｍe that的结构中，从句使用一般过去式。
例如:考点5：much aｓ"尽管，虽然"引导让步状语从句，从句中用ｗｏuｌd havｅdone表示假设。
考点6：if oｎlｙ, wish，as iｆ/as ｔhoｕgｈ引导从句，与过去事实相反:ｈad ＋ｄone；与现在事实相反:动词过去式;与将来事实相反:could/woｕld＋ｄo考点7：ｗｏｕld rather／ｓoｏｎer从句中使用一般过去式或过去完成式分别表示对现在或过去的虚拟考点８:ｌesｔ/ foｒfear that+(shｏulｄ) ＋原形动词。
(完整版)专四真题及答案详解
专四真题及答案PARTⅠ DICTIONListen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will beread sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. Thelast reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN]In Sections A B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY. Listen carefully andthen answer the questions that follow. Mark the correct answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of theconversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.1. Which of the following is NOT needed for the Lost Property Form?B.NationalityC. AddressD.Phone number2.From the conversation we know that Mark Adams comes fromA.EssexB.EdinburghC.LondonD.The US.3.What will Mark Adams do the day after tomorrow?A.To come to the office againB.To wait for the phone callC.To call the officeD.To write to the officeQuestions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of theconversation, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.4.Members of the club are required toA.register when they arrive.B.bring up to three guests.C.register their guests.D.show membership cards on arrival.5.Which of the following details about the changing rooms is NOT correct?A.There is a change for the use of the lockerB.Showers are installed in the changing rooms.C.Lockers are located in the changing roomsD.Lockers are used to store personal belongings.6.According to the club’s rules, members can playA.for 30minutes only.B.for one hour only.C.within the booked time only.D.longer than the booked time.7.Which of the following details is NOT correct?A.Players can eat in the club room.B.Players have to leave the club by ten o’clock.C.The courts are closed earlier than the club room.D.Players can use both the club room and the courts.Questions 8 to 10 are based on the following conversation. At the end of theconversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the conversation.8.At the university Mr. Robinson specialized inA.mathsB.physicsC.water managementD.geography9.Mr. Robinson worked for the Indian Government because ofA.university links.ernment agreements.pany projects.D.degree reuirements.10.After Mr. Robinson returned from India, heA.changed jobs several times.B.went to live in Manchester.C.did similar work as in India.D.became head of a research team.SECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and thenanswer the questions that follow.Questions 11 to 13 are based on the following passage. ,4t the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.11.According to the talk, the owner of a bike has toA.register his bike immediatelyB.put his bike on a list at onceC.have it stamped with a numberD.report to the police station12.The speaker in the talk recommendsA.two locks for all expensive bikes.B.a good lock for an expensive bike.C.cheap locks for cheap bikes.D.good locks for cheap bikes.13.What is the main idea of the talk?A.How to have the bike stamped.B.How to protect your bike.C.How to buy good locks.D.How to report your lost bike to thepolice.Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.14.Which course(s) runs or run for one hour each time?A.Conversation class.B.Writing Skills class.C.Examination Skills class.D.All of the three courses.15.Which course(s) does or do NOT require enrolment beforehand?A.Conversation class.B.Writing Skills class.C.Examination Skills class.D.All of the three courses.16.Which course(s) is(are) designed especially for students of economics and social sciences?A.Conversation class.B.Writing Skills class.C.Examination Skills class.D.All if the three courses.17.Which course(s) is(are) the shortest?A.Conversation class.B.Writing skills classC.Examination Skills class.D.All language courses.Questions 18 to 20 are based on the following passage. At the end of the passage, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now, listen to the passage.18.How old was Leonardo da Vinci when he moved to Milan?A.25.B.30.C.35.D.40.19.Throughout his life, Leonardo da Vinci worked as all the following EXCEPTA.a painterB.an engineerC.an architectD.abuilder20.Where did Leonardo da Vinci die?A.In FranceB.In MilanC.In FlorenceD.In TuscanySECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.Questions 21 to 22are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.21.Who had to leave the Gaza Strip and the West Bank?A.The Israeli army.B.The Jewish settlers.C.The Palestinians.D.The Israeli Prime Minister.22.How many settlements would have to be removed altogrther in the Gaza Strip andthe West Bank?A.2B.4C.21D.25Questions 23 to 24 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item,you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.23. Which of the following in NOT mentioned in the news?A.The agreement has to be approved by Romania.B.The agreement has to be approved by Bulgaria.C.The agreement has to be approved by some EU states.D.The agreement has to be approved by all the EU states.24.Romania and Bulgaria can not join the EU in 2007 unless they carry out reformsin the following areas EXCEPTA.manufacturing.B.border control.C.adminstration.D.justice.Questions 25 to 26are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.25.What is the theme of the forum?A.Business leadership.B.Global business community.C.Economic prospects in China.D.Business and government in China.26.According to the news, the first forum was heldA.10 years ago.B.3 years ago.C.in 1999.D.in 2001.Questions 27to 28 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.27.About ______of the 15000 visitors on the opening day of HongKong Disneyland camefrom the mainland.A.4000B.5000C.6000D. 700028.According to the news, residents in ______showed least interest in visiting the theme park.A.BeijingB.GuangzhouC.ShanghaiD.HongKongQuestions 29 to 30 are based on the following news. At the end of the news item, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now. listen to the news.29.What is the news mainly about?A.Religious violence.B.Refugee issues.C.A ferry disaster.D.A rescue operation30.The ferry boat was designed to carry______passengers.A.198B.200C.290D.500PART III CLOSE [15 MIN]Decide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks.Mark the best choice for each blank on your answer sheet.Until I took Dr Offutt’s class in DeMatha High school , I was an underachieving student,but I left that class (31)_______never to underachieve again.He not onlyTaught me to think,he convinced me,(32)________by example as words that it was mymoral (33)_______to do so and to serve others.(34)_____of us could know how ourrelationship would(35)_______over the years .When I came back to DeMatha toteach English, I worked for Dr Offutt,the department chair.My discussions with him were like graduate seminars in adolescent(36)______,classroom management a nd school leadership.After several years,I was (37) _______department chair,and our relationship(38)________ again. I thought that it might be (39)______chairing the department ,since all of my (40)______English teachers were(41)_______there,but Dr. Offutt supported me(42)_______.He knew when to give me advice(43)_______curriculum,texts personnel ,and when to let me (44)______my own course.In 1997,I needed his (45)______about leaving DeMatha to become principal at another school.(46)_______he had asked me t o stay at DeMatha,I might have .(47)_______,he encouraged me t o seize the opportunity.Five years ago ,I became the principal of DeMatha.(48)________,Dr Offutt was there for me,letting me know that I could (49)_______him. I have learned from him thatgreat teachers have an inexhaustible(50)________of lessons to teach.31. A.concerned B.worried C.determined D.decided32. A. as much B. much as C. as such D. such as33.A. work B. job C. duty D.obligation34.A. Both B. Neither C. Either D. Each35. A. evolve B. stay C. remain D. turn36.A.process B.procedure C.development D.movement37.A.called d C.asked D.invited38.A. moved B. altered C. went D. shifted39.A.awkward B.uneasy C.unnatural D.insensitive40.A. older B.experienced C.former D. /41. A. / B.still C.even D.already42. A.through B.throughout C.at the beginning D.all the way43. A.for B.at C.over D.about44. A.chart B.head C.describe D.manage45.A.opinion B.request C.permission D.order46.A.Even if B.Although C.If D.When47.A.Naturally B.Instead C.Consequently D.Still48.A.Once again B.Repeatedly C.Unusally D.Unexpectedly49.A.count in B.count down C.count out D.count on50.A.stock B.bank C.wealth D.storePART IV GRAMMER &VOCABULARY [15MIN]There are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there arefour words or phrases marked A,B,C and D. Choose one word or phrase that bestcompletes the sentences.51. There are as good fish in the sea _____ever came out of it .A.thanB.likeC.asD.so52.All the President’s Men ______one of the important books for historians who study the Watergate Scandal.A.remainB.remainsC.remainedD.is remaining53.“You ______ borrow my notes provided you take care of them,” I told my friend.A.couldB.shouldC.mustD.can54.If only the patient ______a different treatment instead of using the antibiotics,he might still be alive now.A.had receivedB.receivedC.should receiveD.were receiving55.Linda was _____the experiment a month ago,but she changed her mind at the lastminute.A. to startB.to have startedC.to be startingD.to have been starting56.She _____fifty or so when I first met her at the conference.A. must beB.had beenC.could beD.must have been57.It is not ______much the language as the background that makes the book difficultto understand.A.thatB.asC.soD.very58.The comminttee has anticipated the problems that ________in the road construction project.A.ariseB.will ariseC.aroseD.have arisen59.The student said there were a few points in the essay he _______impossible tocomprehend.A.had foundB.findsC.has foundD.would find60.He would have finished his college education,but he _______to quit and find ajob to support his family.A.had hadB.hasC.hadD.would have61.The research requires more money than ________.A.have been put inB.has been put inC.being put inD.to be putin62.Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race.Yet it is probably________a threat to the human race than enviromental destruction.A.no moreB.not moreC.even moreD.much more63.It is not uncommon for there _______problems of communication between the oldand the young.A.beingB.would beC.beD.to be64.________at in his way,the situation does not seem so desperate.A.LookingB.lookedC.Being lookedD.to look65.It is absolutely essential that William________his study in spite of some learning difficulties.A.will continueB.continuedC.continueD.continues66.The painting he bought at the street market the other day was a_______forgery.A.man-madeB.naturalC.crudeD.real67.She’s always been kind to me –I can’t just turn ______on her now that she needs my help.A.my backB.my headC.my eyeD.shoulder68.The bar in the club is for the ______use of its members.A.extensiveB.exclusiveC.inclusiveprehensive69.The tutition fees are ______to students coming from low-income families.A.approachableB.payableC.reachableD.affordable70.The medical experts warned the authorities of the danger of diseases in the_______of the earthquake.A.consequenceB.aftermathC.resultsD.effect71.This sort of rude behaviour in public hardly ______a person in your position.A.becomesB.fitsC. supportsD.improves72.I must leave now._______,if you want that book I’ll bring it next time.A.AccidentallyB.IncidentallyC.EventuallyD.Naturally73.After a long delay,she ______replying to my e-mail.A.got away withB.got back atC.got byD.got round to74.Personal computers are no longer something beyond the ordinary people;theyare________available these days.A.promptlyB.instantlyC.readilyD.quickly75.In my first year at the university I learnt the _______of journalism.A.basicsB.basicC.elementaryD.elements76.According to the new tax law,any money earned over that level is taxed at the______of 59 percentA.ratioB.percentageC.proportionD.rate77.Thousands of _______at the stadium came to their feet to pay tribute to anoutstanding performance.A.audienceB.participantsC.spectatorsD.observers78.We stood still ,gazing out over the limitless ______of the dessert.A.spaceB.expanseC.stretchnd79.Doctor often ______uneasiness in the people they deal with.A.smellB.hearC.senseD.tough80.Mary sat at the table, looked at the plate and ______her lips.A.smackedB.openedC.partedD.seperatedPART V READING COMPREHENSION [25MIN]In this section there are four passages followed by questions orunfinished statements,each with four suggested answers marked A,B,C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.TEXT AIf you like the idea of staying with with a family,living in house might be the answer.Good landladies---those who are superb cooks and launderers,are figures aspopular in fiction as the bad ones who terrorize their guests and overcharge themat the slightest opportunity.The truth is probably somewhere between the two extremes.If you are lucky,the food will be adequate, some of your laundry may bedone for you and you will have a reasonable amount of comfort and companionship .For the less fortunate ,house rules may restrict the freedom to invite friends tovistit,and shared cooking and bathroom facilities can be frustrating and row-provoking if tidy and untidy guests are living under the same roof.The same disadvantages can apply to flat sharing,with the added difficultiesthat arise from deciding who pays for what,and in what proportion.One person mayspend hours on the phone,while another rarely makes calls. If you want privacy with a guest , how do you persuade the others to go out; how do you persuade them to leave you in peace,especially if you are student and want to study?Conversely,flat sharing can be cheap,there will always be someone to talkto and go out with,and the chores,in theory,can be shared.81.According to the passage ,landladies are ________ually strict.B.always mean.C.adequately competent.D.very popular with their guests.82.What is the additional disadvantage of flat sharing ?A.Problems of sharing and paying.B.Differences in living habits.C.Shared cooking and bathroom facilities.D.Restriction to invite friends to visit.83.What is NOT mentioned as a benefit of flat sharing?A.Rent is affordableB.There is companionship.C.Housework can be shared.D.There is peace and quiet.TEXT B(1) Travelling through the country a couple of weeks ago on business,I waslistening to the talk of the late UK writer Douglas Adams’ masterwork “The Hitchhiker’s Guide to the Galaxy” on the radio and thought-I know,I’ll pick up the next hitchhikers I see and ask them what the state of real hitching is todayin Britain.(2)I drove and drove on main roads and side roads for the next few days and never saw a single one.(3)When I was in my teens and 20s ,hitchhiking was a main form of long-distance transport.The kindness or curiosity of strangers took me all over Europe,NorthAmerica,Asia and southern Africa,Some of the lift-givers became friends ,manyprovided hospitality on the road.(4)Not only did you find out much more about a country than when traveling bytrain or plane ,but there was that element of excitement about where you would finish up that night.Hitchhiking featured importantly in Western culture.It has books and songs about it .So what has happened to it?(5)A few years ago ,I asked the same question about hitching in a column ofa newspaper.Hundreds of people from all over the world responded with their viewon the state of hitchhiking .(6)Rural Ireland was recommended as a friendly place for hitching,as wasQuebec,Canada-“if you don’t mind being criticized for not speaking French”.(7)But while hitchhiking was clearly still alive and well in some places ,the general feeling was that throughtout much of the west it was doomed.(8)With so much news about crime in the media,people assumed that anyone on the open road without the money for even a bus ticket must present a danger.But dowe need to be so wary both to hitch and to give a lift?(9)In Poland in the 1960s,according to a Polish woman who e-mail me ,＂the authorities introduced the Hitchhiker’s Booklet.The booklet contained coupons for drivers,so each time a driver picked somebody ,he or she received a coupon.At theend of the season,drivers who h ad picked up the most hikers were rewarded with various prizes.Everyone was hitchhiking then”.(10)Surely this is a good idea for society.Hitchhiking would increase respectby breaking down barriers between strangers.It would help fight global warming bycutting down on fuel consumption as hitchhikers would be using existing fuels.Itwould also improve educational standards by delivering instant lessons in geography ,history,politics and sociology.(11)A century before Douglas Adams wrote his “Hitchhiker’s Guide”,another adventure story writer,Robert Louis Stevenson, gave us that what should be thehitchhiker’s motto:＂To travel hopefully is a better thing than to arrive.” What better time than putting a holiday weekend into practice. Either put it to the test yourself, or help out someone who is trying to travel hopefully with thumb outstretched.84. In which paragraph(s) does the writer comment on his experience of hitchhiking?A. (3)B. (4)C. (3) and (4)D. (4) and (5)85. What is the current situation of hitchhiking?A. It is popular in some parts of the world.B. It is popular throughout the west.C. It is popular only in the North Amercia.D.It’s still popular in Poland.86. What is the writer’s attitude towards the practice in Poland?A. Critical.B. Unclear.C. Somewhat favourable.D. Strongly favourable.87. The writer has mentioned all the following benefits of hitchhiking EXCEPTA. promoting mutual respect between strangers.B. increasing one’s confidence in strangers.C. protecting enviroment.D. enriching one’s knowledge.88.＂Either put it to the test yourself…”in Paragraph (11) meansA. to experience the hopefulness.B. to read Adams’ book.C. to offer someone a lift.D.to be a hitchhiker.TEXT CI am afraid to sleep. I have been afraid to sleep for the last few weeks. I amso tired that, finally, I do sleep, but only for a few minutes. It is not a bad dream that wakes me ;it is the realiry I took with me i nto sleep . I try to think of something else.Immediately the woman in the marketplace comes into my mind.I was on my way to dinner last night when I saw her . She was selling skirts.She moved with the same ease and loveliness I often saw in the women of Laos. Herlong black hair was as shiny as the black silk of the skirts she was selling . Inher hair, she wore three silk ribbons, blue ,green, and white. They reminded me ofmy childhood and how my girlfriends and I used to spend hours braiding ribbons into our hair.I don’t know the word for “ribbons”, so I put my hand to my own hair and ,with three fingers against my head , I looked at her ribbons and said “Beautiful.”She lowered her eyes and said nothing. I wasn’t sure if she understood me (I don’t speak Laotian very well).I looked back down at the skirts. They had designs in them: squares and triangles and circles of pink and green silk. They were very pretty. I decided to buy one ofthose skirts, and I began to bargain with her over the price. It is the custom tobargain in Asia. In Laos bargaining is done in soft voices and easy moves with thesort of quiet peacefulness.She smiled, more with her eyes than with her lips. She was pleased by the fewwords I was able to say in her language, although they were mostly numbers, and she saw that I understood something about the soft playfulness of bargaining. We s hook our heads in disagreement over the price; then, immediately, we made a nother offer and then another shake of the head. She was so pleased that unexpectedly, she accepted the last offer I made. But it was too soon. The price was too low. She was beingtoo generous and wouldn’t make enough money. I moved quickly and picked up two more skirts and paid for all three at the price set; that way I was able to pay her three times as much before she had a chance to lower the price for the larger purchase.She smiled openly then, and, for the first time in months, my spirit lifted. I almost felt happy.The feeling stayed with me w hile she wrapped the skirts in a newspaper and handed them to me. When I left, though, the feeling left, too. It was as though it stayedbehind in the marketplace. I left tears in my throat. I wanted to cry. I didn’t ,of course.I have learned to defend myself against what is hard; without knowing it, I have also learned to defend myself against what is soft and what should be easy.I get up, light a candle and want to look at the skirts. They are still in thenewspaper that the woman wrapped them in. I remove the paper, and raise the skirtsup to look at them again before I pack them. Something falls to floor. I reach down and feel something cool in my hand. I move close to the candlelight to see what Ihave. There are five long silk ribbons in my hand, all different colours. The woman in the maketplace! She has given these ribbons to me!There is no defense against a generous spirit, and this time I cry, and veryhard, as if I could make up for all the months that I didn’t cry.89.According to the writer, the woman in the marketplaceA refused to speak to her.B was pleasant and attractive.C was selling skirts ribbons.D recognized her immediately.90. Which of the following in NOT corret?A. The writer was not used to bargaining.B. People in Asia always bargain when buying things.C. Bargaining in Laos was quiet and peaceful.D.The writer was ready to bargain with the woman.91. The writer assumed that the woman accepted the last offer mainly because thewomanA. thought that the last offer was reasonable.B.thought she could still make much money.C.was glad that the writer knew their way of bargaining.D. was tired of bargaining with the writer any more.92. Why did the writer finally decide to buy three skirts?A.The skirts were cheap and pretty.B.She liked the patterns on the skirts.C.She wanted to do something as compensation.D.She was fed up with further bargainning with the woman.93.When the writer left the marketplace, she wanted to cry, but did not becauseA. she had learned to stay cool and unfeeling.B. she was afraid of crying in public.C.she had learned to face difficulties bravely.D. she had to show in public that she was strong.94. Why did the writer cry eventually when she looked at the skirts again?A.she suddently felt very sad.B.she liked the ribbons so much.C.she was overcome by emotion.D.she felt sorry for the woman.TEXT DThe kids are hanging out. I pass small bands of students, on my way to work these mornings.They have become a familiar part of the summer landscape.These kids are not old enough for jobs. Nor are they rich enough for camp. They are school children without school. The calendar called the school year ranout on them a few weeks ago. Once supervised by teachers and principals, they nowappear to be “self care”.Passing them is like passing through a time zone. For much of our history, after all, Americans arranged the school year around the needs of work and family.In 19th century cities, schools were open seven or eight hours a day, 11 months ayear.In rural America, the year was arranged around the growing season. Now, only3 percent of families follow the agricultural model, but nearly all schools arescheduled as if our children went home early to milk the cows and took months offto work the crops. Now, three-quarters of the mothers of school-age children work, but the calendar is written as if they were home waiting for the school bus.The six-hour day, the 180-day school year is regarded as something holy.But when parents work an eight-hour day and a 240-day year, it means somethingdifferent. It means that many kids go home to empty houses. It means that, in thesummer, they hang out.“We have a huge mismatch between the school calendar and the realisties of family life,”says Dr. Ernest Boyer ,head of the Carnegie Foundation for the Advancementof Teaching.Dr. Boyer is one of many who believe that a radical revision of the school calendar is inevitable.＂School, whether we like it or not, is educational. It always has been.”His is not popular idea. Schools are routinely burdened with the job ofsolving all our social problems. Can they be asked to meet the needs of our workand family lives?It may be easier to promote a longer school year on its educational merits and, indeed, the educational case is compelling. Despite the complaints and studies about our kids’ lack of learning, the United State still has a shorter school year than any industrial nation. In most of Europe, the school year is 220 days. In Japan, it is 240 days long. While classroom time alone doesn’t produce a well-educated。
英语专业四级考试复习资料
英语专业四级考试复习资料Introduction:The English Major Level Four Examination is an important milestone for students majoring in English. To perform well in this exam, comprehensive and well-organized review materials are essential. This article aims to provide a detailed and effective study guide for students preparing for the English Major Level Four Examination. It will cover key areas of the exam and offer valuable resources for successful preparation.I. Reading Comprehension:1. Tips for Reading Comprehension:Reading comprehension is a crucial part of the English Major Level Four Examination. Here are some tips to enhance your understanding and score higher in this section:1) Skim the passage first to grasp the main idea.2) Underline or highlight important keywords or phrases.3) Read the questions before going through the passage to have a clear focus.4) Be cautious of distractors and pay attention to the context.5) Practice with previous exams and simulated tests to improve your speed and accuracy.2. Recommended Materials:To excel in reading comprehension, it is important to have access to quality reading materials. Here are some recommended resources:1) Authentic English newspapers, magazines, and online articles.2) Academic journals related to various disciplines.3) English books, both fiction and non-fiction, to develop a wider vocabulary and comprehension skills.4) Online platforms offering practice exercises and mock tests specifically designed for English comprehension.II. Grammar and Vocabulary:1. Grammar Review:Mastering grammar rules is essential for the English Major Level Four Examination. Here is a comprehensive list of grammar topics to revise:1) Verb tenses and their usage.2) Sentence structure, including clauses and phrases.3) Subject-verb agreement.4) Pronouns and determiners.5) Conditional sentences.6) Passive voice and reported speech.7) Articles and prepositions.8) Word formation and parts of speech.2. Vocabulary Expansion:Expanding one's vocabulary is crucial for success in the exam. Here are some effective strategies to improve your word power:1) Create flashcards with new words and review them regularly.2) Read extensively to encounter new words in context.3) Utilize vocabulary-building apps and online resources.4) Engage in conversations, debates, and discussions to reinforce word usage.III. Writing:1. Essay Writing:Essay writing is an important component of the English Major Level Four Examination. To enhance your writing skills, consider the following steps:1) Understand the essay prompt and analyze the requirements.2) Plan your essay structure, including an introduction, body paragraphs, and conclusion.3) Use appropriate linking words and phrases to connect ideas.4) Support your arguments with relevant examples and evidence.5) Revise and proofread your essay for coherence, grammar, and spelling errors.2. Paper Writing:Apart from essays, academic paper writing is also a crucial skill. Consider the following tips for effective paper writing:1) Choose a well-defined topic and conduct thorough research.2) Develop a clear thesis statement and outline.3) Use authoritative sources and properly cite them using the appropriate referencing style.4) Organize your paper logically, with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion.5) Revise your paper multiple times to ensure clarity and conciseness.IV. Listening Comprehension:The listening comprehension section of the English Major Level Four Examination poses challenges to many students. Follow these strategies to improve your listening skills:1) Practice active listening in your daily life, such as watching movies, listening to podcasts, and participating in English conversation groups.2) Familiarize yourself with various accents by listening to different English speakers.3) Take advantage of online resources that provide practice exercises specifically designed for listening comprehension.4) Focus on understanding the main idea and supporting details during practice sessions.5) Take notes while listening to improve your retention and comprehension.Conclusion:The English Major Level Four Examination requires comprehensive preparation and dedicated effort. By following the study guide provided in this article, students can enhance their chances of success in the exam. Remember to practice regularly, utilize recommended resources, and seek assistance from teachers or tutors when needed. Good luck with your exam preparations!。
(完整版)英语专业四级语法和词汇总结
1.nothing but意为“仅仅，只不过”；anything but意为“除…以外的任何事”；none other than 意为“不是别人，正是…”；no more than意为“不过，仅仅”。
2.A. taxes B. payment付款 C. fees 手续费、入场费、会费 D. premium津贴酬金3. A. display展示型表演 B. performance文艺表演 C. show展览会 D. exhibition销售性质的展览会4. No one would have time to read or listen to an account of everything ____going on in the world.A. it isB. as isC. there is 在以there be为谓语动词的定语从句中，如关系代词作主语，则关系代词便可省略D. what is5. A. set out 开始 as/in/on B. set off使做某事 C. set up 开业,开始经商D. set about开始、着手6. proliferation 扩散fair庙会、交易会7. tumble to 突然察觉come to意为“降临，发生8. understand better than...意为“对…非常理解”9. go with意为“与…相配”；go by意为“根据…作出判断”；go through意为“通过；经历”；go out意为“过时” go into意为“叙述；讨论10. on principle意为“根据行为准则；按照原则”；in principle意为“原则上；基本上；大体上”。
for与by不与principle搭配。
11. take over意为“接收，接管”；take up意为“开始采用；采取，承担”；take off意为“脱去；拿掉”；take to意为“开始从事；开始沉湎于”。
英语专四语法、词汇知识大全
英语专业四级语法、词汇知识1．语法考题的涉及面宽，近年考题曾经考到：几乎所有词类；三种动词的非谓语形式；各种从句及关系词的用法；动词时态、虚拟语气、情态动词的用法；独立主格，主谓一致，倒装，强调、并列结构等基本语法知识。
2．语法考试的重点突出，语法考试的重点为内容庞杂较难掌握的项目，这些项目还反复出现，如：虚拟语气，状语从句，定语从句，独立主格，情态动词。
3．具体考查重点为以上项目中的特殊用法，不常用的情况1）虚拟语气的考点为：would rather＋that从句＋一般过去时：It is vital／necessary／important ／urgent／imperative／desirable／advisable／natural／essential＋that＋动词原形；It is time／about time／high time＋that＋一般过去时：proposal／suggestion＋that＋动词原形；lest＋that＋should＋动词原形；if only＋that＋would＋动词原形。
2）状语从句的考点为：非if引导的条件状语从句，此类句子多用at times，provided，so long as，in case，once等来替代if；由even if／so，now that，for all等引导的让步状语从句；just／hardly...when引导的时间状语从句；more than，as...as，not so much as，the same as，as muchas等引导的比较状语从句。
3）独立主格结构多以逻辑主语＋分词的形式出现。
4）情态动词多与完成时形式连用。
5）定语从句重点考查介词＋关系代词（which）和as作为关系代词。
专业四级考试的词汇部分要求考生能灵活正确运用教学大纲语法结构表一至四级的全部内容，熟练掌握教学大纲词汇表中一至四级规定的5000—6000个认知词汇及其最基本的搭配。
英语专四(专业四级)词汇表
英语专四(专业四级)词汇表英语专四词汇表(A)abdomen n. 腹，腹部abolish vt. 废止，废除(法律、制度、习俗等)aboriginal adj. 土著的，原来的 n. 土著居民aborigine n. (澳洲的)土著;土人abound vi. 多，大量存在，富于，充满abridge v. 删节，削减，精简abrupt adj. 突然的，陡峭的，生硬的absolve v. 宣布免除(承诺、责任等);赦免，免受惩处，宣告无罪abundant adj. 丰富的，充裕的，丰富，盛产，富于abuse n. 滥用，虐待，辱骂，陋习，弊端 v. 滥用，虐待，辱骂accessory n. 附件，零件，附加物，从犯，同谋者 adj. 附属的，补充的，同谋的，副的accommodate vt. 供应，供给，使适应，调节，和解，向……提供，容纳，调和 vi. 适应accompaniment n. 陪伴物，伴奏accomplished adj. 完成的，熟练的，多才多艺的accord n. 一致，符合，调和，协定vt. 一致，给与vi. 符合? of o ne’s own accord 自愿地，自动地accordingly adv. 因此，从而accordion n. 手风琴adj. 可折叠的ace n. (纸牌或骰子)幺点，一流人才，高手，佼佼者acknowledge vt. 承认，答谢，报偿acquaint vt. 使熟知，通知acquaintance n. 相识，熟人crobat n. (走钢丝的)杂技演员，随机应变者，翻云覆雨者 a acronym n. 首字母的缩写词acupuncture n. 针刺疗法acute adj. 敏锐的，激烈的，严重的 [医]急性的，剧烈adapter n. 适配器，改编者addict n. 入迷的人，有瘾的人adhere vi. 粘附，胶着，坚持 v. 坚持 ?adhere to坚持;坚信;忠于adherence n. 粘着，忠诚，坚持adjacent adj. 邻近的，接近的 ?be adjacent to接近1admiral n. 海军上将，舰队司令，旗舰adolescent adj. 青春期的，青春的n. 青少年advantageous adj. 有利的adventurism n. (外交，政治等方面的)冒险主义adversary n. 敌手，对手advisory adj. 顾问的，咨询的，劝告的aerial adj. 航空的，生活在空气中的，空气的，高耸的aeronautics n. 航空学，航空术aesthetics n. 美学，美术理论，审美学，美的哲学affectionate adj. 亲爱的，挚爱的affix vt. 使附于，粘贴aftereffect n. 余波，后果aftermath n. (不幸事件的)后果aggressor n. 侵略者，攻击者agony n. 苦恼，极大的痛苦airtight adj. 密封的，无懈可击的aisle n. 走廊，过道alga n. 藻类，海藻algebra n. 代数学alien adj. 外国的，相异的，不同，背道而驰alienate v. 离间;使疏远alligator n. 产于美洲的鳄鱼allocate vt. 分派，分配allot vt.(按份额)分配，分派alloy n. 合金 vt. 使成合金，减低成色almighty adj. 全能的almond n. [植] 杏树，杏仁，杏仁壮物aloof adj. 疏远的，冷淡的altar n. 祭坛，(基督教教堂alumna n. 女毕业生，女校友alumnus n. 男毕业生，男校友amber n. 琥珀 adj. 琥珀制的，琥珀色(黄色)的ambiguity n. 含糊，不明确ambiguous adj. 暧昧的，不明确的amenable adj. 应服从的，有服从义务的，有责任的amend v. 修正，改进，改正amendment n. 改善，改正amid prep. 在……中amiss adj. 有毛病的，出差错的ammunition n. 军火，弹药ample adj. 充足的，丰富的amplifier n. 扩音器，放大器amplify vt. 放大，增强，详述 v. 扩大analogy n. 类似，类推anatomy n. 剖析，解剖学ancestral adj. 祖先的，祖传的ancestry n. 祖先(集合称)，家系，血统anchor n. 锚 v. 抛锚，锚定anchorage n. 停泊地点，抛锚地点anchorman n. 新闻节目主持人anchorwoman n. 新闻节目主持人anecdote n. 轶事，奇闻angular adj. 有角的;成角的;含角的;关于角的;尖角的;瘦骨嶙峋的annals n. 编年史，年报annex n. 附件 vt. 并吞，附加anode n. [电] 阳极，正极anonymous adj. 匿名的antagonism n. 对抗(状态)，对抗性antagonist n. 敌手，对手antecedent n. 先辈 adj. 先行的antenna n. 天线，触角anthem n. 圣诗;赞美诗;国歌3antibiotic n. 抗生素 adj. 抗生的antic adj. 奇特的，滑稽可笑的anticipate vt. 预期，期望，过早使用，先人一着，占先 v. 预订，预见，可以预料 antiquityn. 古代，古老，古代的遗物aperture n. 孔，穴，缝隙，(照相机，望远镜等的)光圈，孔径apologetic adj. 道歉的，认错的，辩护的apostrophe n. 省略符号，呼语appalling adj. 令人震惊的，骇人听闻的apparatus n. 器械，设备，仪器applicable adj. 可适用的，可应用的appointee n. 被任命者，[律] 指定的财产受益人apprentice n. 学徒aptitude n. 恰当，智能，聪明，自然倾向arbitrary adj. 任意的，武断的，独裁的，专断的arch n. 拱门，弓形结构，拱形 v.(使)弯成弓形 adj. 主要archaeologist n. 考古学家archbishop n. [宗] 大教主arid adj. 干旱的，贫瘠的(土地等)，无趣的，沉闷的aristocracy n. 贵族，贵族政府，贵族统治aristocrat n. 贵族aristocratic adj. 贵族的，贵族化的，贵族政治的arithmetic n. 算术，算法armament n. 军备，武器armour n. 盔甲，装甲钢板，装甲部队armpit n. 腋窝array n. 排列，编队，军队，衣服，大批 vt. 部署，穿着，排列artery n. 动脉，要道artillery n. 炮的总称，炮兵的总称ashore adv. 向岸地，在岸上地asphalt n. 沥青assassin n. 暗杀者，刺客assassinate vt. 暗杀，行刺assault n. 攻击，袭击 v. 袭击assert v. 断言，声称assertion n. 主张，断言，声明assess vt. 估定，评定assessment n. 估计，估算;评估，评价asset n. [usu. Pl.] 资产;财产;有用的资源，宝贵的人 [物];优点，益处;贡献 assuredlyadv. 确实地，确信地astound vt. 使惊骇，使大吃一惊atlas n. 地图，地图集attaché vt. 缚上，系上，贴上 v. 配属，隶属于attorney n. < 美 > 律师，(业务或法律事务上的)代理人auction n. 拍卖 vt. 拍卖audiovisuals n. 视听教具auditor n. 计员，核数师auditorium n. 听众席，观众席，< 美 > 会堂，礼堂aural adj. 听觉的authentic adj. 可信的;可靠的，权威性的;真正的，确实的;有根据的autobiographic (al)adj. 自传的，自传式的，自传作家的automate v. 使自动化，自动操作autonomous adj. 自治的autonomy n. 自治auxiliary adj. 辅助的，补助的avenge vt. 为……报复，报仇aviation n. 飞行，航空，航空学，航空术awe n. 敬畏 vt. 敬畏axiom n. [数] 公理axis n. 轴axle n. 轮轴，车轴英语专四词汇表(B)backbone n. 脊椎，中枢，骨干，支柱，意志力，勇气，毅力，决心backup n. 后援，支持，阻塞vt. 做备份adj. 候补的，支持性的 [计] 文件备份 badge n. 徽章，证章;标志，象征bald adj. 光秃的，单调的，枯燥的5bale n. 大包，大捆，货物vt. 打包，捆包，包装，灾难，痛苦，悲哀ballot n. 选举票，投票，票数vi. 投票bandit n. 强盗bang n. 重击，突然巨响v. 发巨响，重击;砰地一声关上(门等)banister n. 栏杆的支柱，楼梯的扶栏baptism n. 浸洗，[喻]洗礼，严峻考验baptize vt. 给人施洗礼，洗炼，命名(作为洗礼仪式的一部分)barbarian n. 粗鲁无礼的人，野蛮人adj. 野蛮的，粗鲁的barbaric adj. 野蛮的，粗野的，毫无约束的，肆无忌惮的barbarous adj. 野蛮的，残暴的，粗野的，(声音)刺耳的，沙哑的bare adj. 赤裸的，无遮蔽的，空的，仅有的vt. 使赤裸，露出barge n. 驳船，游艇barley n. 大麦barn n. [农]谷仓，畜棚，畜舍，机器房barometer n. 气压计baron n. 男爵 [美口] 巨商;工业巨头，大王barracks n. 兵营，许多人居住的简陋房舍barrel n. 桶;枪管;炮管barren adj. 不生育的，不孕的，贫瘠的，没有结果的，无益的，单调的，无聊的，空洞的bastard n. 私生子，讨厌鬼，家伙，劣等货;假冒品battlefield n. 战场，沙场beacon n. 烟火，灯塔 v. 照亮bead n. 珠子，水珠beak n. 鸟嘴，喙beaker n. 大口杯，有倾口的烧杯beam n. 梁，桁条，(光线的)束，柱，电波，横梁 v. 播送ben-sprout v. 萌芽 n. 苗芽beast n. 兽，畜牲，人面兽心的人beat n. 敲打，拍子，巡逻区域 v. 打，打败 beat off 打退 /beat time 打拍子 /beat up sb. 痛打某人beet n. 甜菜，甜菜根 vt. 生火，修理，改过beforehand adv. 预先bellow v. 大声呼叫;怒吼;咆哮beloved adj. 心爱的 n. 所爱的人，爱人belt n. 腰带，传动带;(机器)皮带，特殊的地带bench n. 长椅子bend v. 弯曲，专心于，屈服 n. 弯曲benevolence n. 仁爱心，善行;捐款benevolent adj. 慈善的berry n. 浆果berth n. 停泊处，卧铺(口语)职业bestow vt. 给予;赐赠betray vt. 出卖，背叛，泄露(秘密)，露出……迹象bewilder vt. 使迷惑，使不知所措，使昏乱bias n. 偏见，偏爱，斜线 vt. 使存偏见bibliography n. 书目，参考书目binary adj. 二进位的，二元的bind v. 绑，镶边，装订，凝固，约束binder n. 装订工，包扎者，包扎工具，活页封面binding n. 书籍的封皮binoculars n. 双筒望远镜biochemistry n. 生物化学biographic (al) adj. 传记的，传记体的biotechnology n. 生物工艺学birch n. 桦树，白桦bishop n. 主教bishop n. 主教blacksmith n. 锻工，铁匠bladder n. 膀胱，囊袋bland adj. 温和的，柔和的，乏味的，冷漠的，刺激性少的blast n. 一阵(风)，一股(气流)，爆炸，冲击波 vt. 爆炸，，毁灭，使枯萎，损害 blaze n. 火焰，光辉，情感爆发 vi. 燃烧，照耀，激发bleach v. 漂白，变白bleak adj. 寒冷的，阴冷的，荒凉的，凄凉的，黯淡的bleat n. (羊)叫声 v. 低声诉说7bleed v. 出血，流血;悲痛，同情blend vt. 混和 n. 混和blessed adj. 受祝福的blessing n. 祝福blink v. 眨眼，闪亮，无视bliss n. 无上幸福;极乐blister n. 水泡，气泡blockade n. 堵塞，(交通的)阻断;障碍物，阻碍物bloody adj. 血腥的，嗜杀的，有血的，< 英鄙 > 该死的，非常的blot n. 污渍，污点，瑕疵 v. 弄污bluff n. 断崖，绝壁，诈骗 adj. 绝壁的，直率的 vt. vi. 诈骗blunder n. 大错，失误blunt adj. 钝的，生硬的;直言不讳的;迟钝的 vt. 使变钝blurt vt. 未加思索地冲口说出，突然说出blush v. 脸红，羞愧，呈现红色，使成红色 n. 脸红，红色，红光bodily adj. 身体的 adv. 肉体上，亲自地，全部bodyguard n. 保镖，护卫bold adj. 大胆的;勇敢的;冒险的;醒目的?as bold as brass 鲁莽;擅自;厚颜 bolt n. 门闩，螺钉，闪电，跑掉 v. 上门闩，囫囵吞下，逃跑bomber n. 轰炸机，轰炸员bond n. 结合(物)，粘结(剂)，联结，公债，债券，合同v. 结合bondage n. 奴役，束缚boo n. 喝倒彩，虚声v. 出嘘声booby trap n. 放物在微开的门上以惊打来人的恶作剧;陷阱，阴谋bookish adj. 与书籍有关的;好读书的;咬文嚼字的;迂腐的;拘泥的;书生气的bookkeepingn. 簿记booklet n. 小册子bookmark n. 书签boom n. 繁荣，隆隆声v. 发隆隆声，兴隆，大事宣传vi. 迅速增长;趋于繁荣;景气 boothn. 货摊;摊位;隔开的小间;电话亭borough n. 自治的市镇，区bossy adj. 喜欢发号施令的，作威作福的botanical adj. 植物学的botanist n. 植物学家botany n. 植物学bottleneck n. 瓶颈;困难;障碍;隘路;狭道;难关bough n. 大树枝，主枝boulevard n. <美>林荫大道bound n. 跃进，跳，范围，限度adj. 开往……去的，被束缚的，装订的v. 跳跃，限制boundless adj. 无限的，无边无际的bountiful adj. 慷慨的，宽大的bounty n. 慷慨，宽大，施舍，奖励金bouquet n. 花束bourgeois n. 中产阶级，商人，资产阶级adj. 中产阶级的，平庸的bourgeoisie n. 中产阶级;资产阶级bowels n. 肠，内脏，内部boycott n. vt. 联合抵制，联合排斥某国货物或与某国绝交bracelet n. 手镯bracket n. 墙上凸出的托架，括弧，支架brag n. v. 吹牛，吹嘘branch n. 枝，分枝，分部，分店，(学科)分科，部门，支流，支脉v. 出现分歧brass n. 黄铜，黄铜制品，厚脸皮breach n. 违背，破坏，破裂，裂口vt. 打破，突破break away from 与……脱离/break forth突然迸发/break off中断/break up分裂，结束;解散;(学校)开始放假breathtaking adj. 激动人心的;惊人的，惊险的breed v. (使)繁殖，教养，抚养n. 品种，种类brew v. 酿造，酝酿;冲(茶或咖啡)brewery n. 酿酒厂bribe n. 贿赂vt. 贿赂，向……行贿bribery n. 行贿，受贿，贿赂bridle n. 马勒，缰绳 v. 上笼头，昂首(表傲慢. 愤怒等)，抑制(欲望) brigade n. 旅，队brim n. (杯，碗等)边，边缘，(河)边vt. 注满，使满溢vi. 满溢brink n. (峭岸、崖的)边缘?on the brink of将要，濒于，在…的边缘9brisk adj. 敏锐的，凛冽的，轻快的，活泼的vt. 使活泼vi. 活跃起来bristle n. 硬而粗的毛发bronze n. 青铜(铜与锡合金)，铜像adj. 青铜色的brooch n. 胸针，领针brood n. (动物中鸟或家禽的)一窝，(同种或同类的)一伙vt. 孵，沉思brook n. 小溪vt. 容忍broom n. 扫帚，[植]金雀花vt. 扫除brotherhood n. 手足情谊，兄弟关系brotherly adj. 兄弟的，亲兄弟般的，亲切的，充满情谊的 bruise n. 瘀伤，擦伤v. 打伤，撞伤brunch n. 早午餐brusque adj. 唐突的，直率的，粗暴的，无礼的brutal adj. 残忍的，兽性的brute adj. 残忍的，畜生般的n. 残忍的人，畜生buckle n. 带扣v. 扣住，变弯曲bud n. 芽，蓓蕾vi. 发芽，萌芽buffet n. 餐具柜，小卖部，殴打，打击v. 打击，搏斗bug n. 小虫，病菌，窃听器，臭虫v. 装置窃听器，打扰bugle n. 喇叭，军号(from )bulb n. 植物的球茎，球茎状物;电灯泡bulge n. 凸出部分 v. 凸出，膨胀bulky adj. 大的，容量大的，体积大的bullish adj. 似公牛的，看涨的，上扬的bully n. 欺凌弱小者 vt. 威吓，威逼bumper n. (汽车前后的)保险杠bun n. 小圆面包，曲卷(或结)状的头发bunch n. 串，束 v. 捆成一束bundle n. 捆，束，包 v. 捆扎bungalow n.(带走廊的)平房buoy n.(湖，河等中的)浮标，浮筒，救生圈 vt. 使浮起，支撑，鼓励bureaucracy n. 官僚，官僚作风，官僚机构bureaucrat n. 官僚主义者burial n. 埋葬，葬礼bust n. 半身像，胸像，(妇女的)胸部 adj. 破产，倒闭 ?go bust 破产butler n. 男管家butt n. 粗大的一端，靶垛，笑柄 v. 以头抵撞，碰撞buzz n. 嗡嗡声 v. 作嗡嗡声，嗡嗡作响，逼近buzzword n. 时髦词语;漂亮口号bypass n. 旁路 vt. 设旁路，迂回by-product n. 副产品英语专四词汇表(C)cabinet n. 橱柜，(美)内阁cable n. 电缆，海底电报，缆，索v. 打(海底)电报cactus n. 仙人掌cadet n. 军官学校学生cadre n. 基础结构，骨骼，干部cage n. 笼子;鸟笼;兽笼vt. 关入笼中;放到笼里calcium n. 钙calculus n. 微积分学calf n. 小牛，小牛皮，小腿caliber n. 口径;才干;人品calligraphy n. 书法canary n. 金丝雀，淡黄色cane n. 细长的茎，藤条canine adj. 犬的，似犬的，犬科的cannery n. 罐头工厂cannon n. 大炮，加农炮canvas n. 粗帆布，帆布;一块画布，一幅油画cap n. 帽子，军帽，(瓶)帽，(笔)帽vt. 戴帽子，盖在……顶上 capacity n. 容量，才能，能力，地位capsule n. 胶囊，太空舱caption n. 标题，说明，字幕capture n. 捕获，战利品vt. 俘获，捕获，夺取caravan n. (沙漠地带的)商队;旅行队;大篷车11carbon n. 碳;复写纸carcase n. (动物)尸体cardboard n. 纸板cardigan n. 开襟羊毛衫cardinal adj. 主要的;基本的;深红色的 n. 红衣主教 carefree adj. 无忧无虑的，轻松愉快的caretaker n. 管理者cargo n. 船货，货物carpenter n. 木匠carrier n. 运送者，邮递员，带菌者，航空母舰 carry away使神魂颠倒，受感动，使失去自制力 carry off夺走，拐走，抢走carry through贯彻，完成，进行到底;维持，使渡过难关 carry weight (说话)有分量put the cart before the horse 本末倒置carton n. 硬纸盒，纸板箱carve v. 雕刻，切开cashier (=teller) n. (商店等的)出纳员cask n. 桶，木桶casualty n. 伤亡catalogue n. 目录catalyst n. 催化剂cataract n. 大瀑布，奔流，白内障catastrophe n. 大灾难，大祸catch on变得风行catchword n. 口号，流行语catchy adj. 易记住的，易使人上当的，诡诈的categorize v. 加以类别，分类caterpillar n. 毛虫cauliflower n. [植]花椰菜cavalry n. 骑兵cease v. &n. 停止，终了celebrated adj. 著名的celery n. 芹菜cell n. 单元，细胞，蜂房，单人牢房，电池cellar n. 地窖，地下室，酒窖cello n. 大提琴cellular adj. 细胞的;多孔的celsius adj. 摄氏的cement n. 水泥，接合剂cemetery n. 墓地，公墓census n. 人口普查centenary n. 一百年adj. 一百年的ceramic adj. 陶器的n. 陶瓷制品cereal n. 谷类食品，谷类chair n. 椅子，教授职位，主席位，讲座vt. 使入座;使就任[职] ? take the chair做主席，主持会议，开会challenging adj. 引起挑战性兴趣的，挑逗的chamber n. 室，房间，议院，会所chancellor n. 首相;大臣;首席法官;大学校长For a change 换换环境chaotic adj. 混乱的，无秩序的chap n. 伙伴，家伙，小伙子chapel n. 小礼拜堂charcoal n. 炭，木炭，;炭笔chargeable adj. (税)可征收的(罪) 应指控的;可充电的chariot n. 战车charisma n. 超凡魅力，感召力chartered adj. 受特许的chasm n. 裂口;(感情等的)分歧，隔阂chatter n. (鸟类)唠叨，啁啾声，(小溪的)潺潺流水声;(牙齿)打战vi. 喋喋不休的谈chatterbox n. 喋喋不休者，唠叨的人chauffeur n. 私人(汽车)司机check n. 阻止，制止，控制，阻止物，支票vt. 检查，制止?check (up) on 调查，核对，检查/check over核对，检查13checklist清单;名单checkout收款处，付款处checkpoint n. 关卡cheek n. 颊，厚颜，无礼;傲慢;没礼貌的话(或行为) cherish vt. 珍爱;爱惜;怀念;怀有(感情);抱有(希望) chestnut n. 栗子chew vt. 咀爵(食物等)v. 咀嚼，认真考虑be with child怀孕/ be child’s play 容易之极chilly adj. 凉飕飕的chivalry n. 骑士精神，骑士制度;彬彬有礼，男士风度 choir n. 唱诗班，唱诗班的席位choke v. 窒息，哽住，使呼吸困难，阻塞chop n. 砍，排骨vt. 剁碎，砍choppy adj. 波涛汹涌的chore n. 家务杂事;烦锁之事chorus n. 合唱，合唱队，齐声?in chorus异口同声 chromosome n. [生物]染色体chronic adj. 慢性的，延续很长的;坏的;极恶劣的;可怕的 chronicle n. 编年史v. 编入编年史chuckle vi. 吃吃的笑，咯咯叫cider n. 苹果汁;苹果酒cite vt. 引述;引用;引证civilian n. 平民，公务员，文官adj. 民间的，民用的 clam n. 蛤;蚌;蚶clamour n. 喧闹v. 吵闹，叫喊clamp n. 夹子，夹具，夹钳vt. 夹住，夹紧clan n. 部落，氏族，宗族，党派clang v. (使)叮当地响clarify v. 澄清，阐明clarity n. 清楚，透明clash n. 冲突，不一致v. (使)发出撞击声，猛撞，冲突 clasp n. 扣子，钩，紧握，抱住v. 扣紧，紧握，搂抱 classify vt. 分类，分等;列为机密Do a clean job干得很出色Keep clear of避开/make clear表明，讲清楚/clear up(天)放晴;澄清clearance n. 清除，清理;许可(证)，批准 ? a clearance sale清仓大贱卖clench v. 紧握，(拳头)牢牢地抓住，确定，敲弯clergy n. 神职人员be clever at擅长于/ be clever with善于使用cliché n. 老生常谈，陈词滥调cliff n. 悬崖，绝壁clip n. 夹子vt. 夹住，剪短，修剪cloak n. 斗蓬，宽大外衣;掩饰，籍口Turn the clock back把时针拨回，复旧/ work against the clock拼命赶时间，抢在时间前面(做某项工作)closure n. 关闭，终止，结束clout n. 敲打，轻叩;影响力，权势vt. 敲击，掌击clumsy adj. 笨拙的cluster n. 串，丛vi. 丛生，成群clutch v. 抓住，攫住n. (pl.)爪子，毒手，控制;(一把)抓住，攫住coarse adj. 粗糙的，粗劣的;粗鲁的，鲁莽的，不礼貌的cobbler n. 皮匠，补鞋匠，工匠cod n. 鳕coffin n. 棺材coil v. 盘绕，卷coinage n. 造币，创造新词，新造的字及其语等Give sb the cold shoulder冷淡地对待某人/in cold blood残酷无情地/pour cold water on浇冷水使某人泄气collaborate vi. 合作，通敌collegiate adj. 学院的，大学的，大学生的n. 高等学校学生collide v. 猛撞;冲突colloquial adj. 口语的，通俗的colossal adj. 巨大的，庞大的coma n. 昏迷15combatant n. 战士，战斗员combustion n. 燃烧come about发生，形成/come by得到/come forward站出来/come off成功/come out出版;开花，发芽;结果/come round恢复知觉;再度来/come up引起注意，考虑到;发生;走近/comeup against遭到/come up to及得上，不亚于comet n. 彗星commandment n. 戒律commemorate vt. 纪念commence v. 开始，着手commendation n. 赞扬，称赞;奖状commentary n. 注释，评注;(编者的)按语;评论;实况报导commentator n. 评论员，讲解员commitment n. 委托事项，许诺，承担义务committed adj. 效忠的;忠于…的commonplace adj. 平凡的commonwealth n. 国民整体，共和国，联邦commune n. 公社vi. (常与with连用)交换思想、意见communicative adj. 无隐讳交谈的，爱说话的，畅谈的commute vt.，vi. 定期往返于两地间;减刑;改变(付款)方式companionship n. 交谊，友谊compartment n. 间隔间，车厢compassion n. 同情，怜悯compensate v. 偿还，补偿，付报酬compile vt. 编译，编辑，汇编complacency n. 满足，安心;自满，自得，自鸣得意complacent adj. 自满的，得意的comply vi. 顺从，答应，遵守compliance n. 依从，顺从complicity n. 同谋，共犯complementary adj. 补充的，补足的complement n. 补足物vt. 补助，补足complimentary adj. 问候的，称赞的，夸奖的，免费赠送的compliment n. 称赞，恭维，致意，问候，道贺vt. 称赞，褒扬，恭维compress vt. 压缩;浓缩comprise v. 包含，由……组成compromise n. 妥协，折衷v. 妥协，折衷;危及……的安全 compute v. 计算，估计conceal vt. 隐藏，隐蔽，隐瞒conceit n. 自负，骄傲自满conceited adj. 自以为是的，逞能的，狂想的conceivable adj. 可能的，想得到的，可想像的conceive vt. 构思，以为，持有;vi. 怀孕，考虑，设想 conception n. 观念，概念conceptual adj. 概念上的concerning prep. 关于concert n. 音乐会，一致?in concert 异口同声地，齐声 concession n. 让步concise adj. 简明的，简练的conclusive adj. 确实的，最后的，决定性的concrete adj. 具体的，有形的concubine n. 妾;小老婆;condense v. (使)浓缩，精简On condition that adv. 如果conditional adj. 有条件的，引起条件反应的conditioner n. 调节者，调节装置condolence n. 哀悼，吊唁conducive n. 有益于cone n. 锥形物，圆锥体，(松树的)球果vt. 使成锥形confidential adj. 秘密的，机密的confirmation n. 证实，确认，批准confiscate vt. 没收，充公，查抄，征用conform vt. 使一致，使遵守，使顺从conformity n. 一致，符合confront vt. 使面临，对抗17confrontation n. 面对，面对面，对质congestion n. 拥塞，充血congregate v. 聚集congregation n. 集合，集会congruence n. 适合，一致，叠合，全等，相合性congruent adj. 适合的conquest n. 征服;战利品conscientious adj. 尽责的;凭良心的;谨慎的;尽责的 consecutive adj. 连续的，联贯的consensus n. 一致同意，多数人的意见，舆论consent vi. 同意，赞成，答应consequent adj. 作为结果的，随之发生的consequently adv. 从而，因此conservation n. 保存，保持，守恒conservatism n. 保守主义，守旧性conservative adj. 保守的，守旧的conserve vt. 保存，保藏considering prep. 鉴于，考虑到，顾及consolidate v. 巩固;统一，合并consonant adj. 协调一致的conspicuous adj. 显著的constable n. (brE)警官constituency n. (选区的)选民;选区constitute vt. 组成constitutional adj. 构成的，增强体质的，宪法的，符合宪法的 consul n. 领事consulate n. 领事馆consultation n. 请教，咨询，磋商contagious adj. 传染性的contaminate v. 污染contemplate v. 凝视，沉思，预期，企图contemporary n. 同时代的人adj. 当代的，同时代的 contempt n. 轻视，轻蔑，耻辱，不尊敬contemptuous adj. 轻蔑的，侮辱的contention n. 争夺，争论，争辩，论点contestant n. 竞争者，争论者context n. 上下文，文章的前后关系;(事物等发生的)来龙去脉contract n. 合同，契约，婚约v. 使缩短，感染，订约contraction n. 收缩，缩写式，紧缩contractor n. 承包者;承建者contradict vt. 否认;同……矛盾，同……抵触contradiction n. 反驳，矛盾contradictory adj. 反驳的，反对的，抗辩的conventional adj. 惯例的，常规的，习俗的，传统的converse adj. 相反的，颠倒的vi. 交谈convex adj. 凸圆的，凸面的convict vt. 证明……有罪，宣告……有罪n. 罪犯conviction n. 定罪;信念，坚信convincing adj. 令人信服的，有力的，令人心悦诚服的cook vt. 烹饪，煮;窜改(帐目)，捏造n. 厨子cookery n. 烹调术cookie n. 甜饼干;家伙coordinate vt. 调整，整理copier n. 复印机copyright n. 版权，著作权coral n. 珊瑚cord n. 绳索，束缚cordial adj. 热忱的，诚恳的，兴奋的corduroy n. 灯芯绒，灯芯绒裤子core n. 果核，中心，核心cork n. 软木塞cornea n. 角膜corner vt. 使陷入绝境;囤积，垄断?be in a tight corner陷入困境/round the corner不远，就在眼前cornerstone n. 墙角石，基础19corporate adj. 全体的;公司的corporation n. 社团，法人;有限公司corps n. 特种部队，军团;共同工作、活动的一群人corpse n. 尸体correspond vi. 符合，协调，通信，相当，相应correspondence n. 符合，一致;相应;通信(联系) correspondent n. 通讯记者，通信者corridor n. 走廊cosmic adj. 宇宙的cosmopolitan n. 世界主义者adj. 世界性的，全球(各地)的cosmos n. 宇宙costly adj. 昂贵的，贵重的cosy, cozy adj. 舒适的，安逸的cot n. 幼儿床;简易床cottage n. 村舍，小屋council n. 理事会，委员会;地方会议councilor n. 议员，评议员counsel n. 讨论，商议;辩护律师vt. 劝告，忠告counselor n. 顾问，律师counterattack v. 反攻，反击counterdrug n. 解瘾药counterpart n. 相对应的人(物)coupon n. 赠券，优惠券courageous adj. 勇敢的，有胆量的courier n. 信使;旅行团的服务员court n. 法院;球场vi. 求爱cow vt. 威吓coward n. 懦弱的人，胆小的人cowardly adj. 胆小的，怯懦的crack n. 裂缝，噼啪声v. (使)破裂，裂纹，(使)爆裂?crack down镇压，取缔，扫荡 cradlen. 摇篮，发源地craft n. 工艺，手艺craftsman n. 工匠，手艺精巧的人，艺术家crafty adj. 狡诈的crag n. 峭壁cram v. 填满;临时死记硬背功课crane n. 起重机;鹤crate n. 板条箱，柳条箱crawl vi. 爬行，匍匐前进，徐徐行进n. 爬行，匍匐前进，缓慢的行进crayon n. 有色粉笔，蜡笔，粉笔画craze n. 时尚，时髦的东西;狂热creditor n. 债权人credulous adj. 轻信的，易受骗的creed n. 信条creek n. 小溪，小河creep vi. 爬，蹑手蹑脚，蔓延crest n. 鸟冠，盔上的装饰(如羽毛)，顶部，顶峰，浪头crib n. 饲料槽;马厩图cricket n. 蟋蟀;板球，曲棍球crimson adj. 深红色的n. 深红色vt. (使)变成深红色cripple n. 残废的人，跛子vt. 使残废;使…受损害crisis n. 决定性时刻;crisp adj. 易碎的，脆的;清新的，爽快的;干脆明确的(态度等)criterion n. (批评判断的)标准，准据，规范crop n. 农作物，产量;一批，大量vt. 收割，修剪，种植;收获;突然发生，出现? cropup意外地发生和出现cross n. 十字，交叉，十字架，十字形物;杂交，杂种v. 越过，穿过;交叉?cross out划掉 crosscheck n. 反复查对crouch vi. 蜷缩，蹲伏crow n. 乌鸦;鸡蹄vi. 啼叫;吹嘘，得意洋洋crown n. 王冠，花冠，顶vt. 加冕;使圆满完成crucial adj. 至关紧要的crude adj. 天然的，未加工的;粗糙的，简陋的;粗野的，未加修饰的，n. 原油cruise vi. 巡游，巡航cruiser n. 巡洋舰21crumb n. 面包屑crumble v. 弄碎，粉碎;崩溃，瓦解crusade n. 十字军东侵v. 介入，参与(运动)crust n. 外壳，硬壳，面包皮crutch n. 拐杖;支柱，支架cube n. 立方体，立方cubic adj. 立方体的，立方的cuff n. 袖口 vt. 掌击，轻拍cuisine n. 烹饪cultivated adj. 有教养的，文雅的cunning adj. 狡猾的curable adj. 可医治的，医得好的curb n. 马勒;控制，约束，抑制vt. 抑制;控制;勒住(马);给(马)装上马勒链curl n. 卷发，卷毛;卷曲物，螺旋状v. 蜷缩;(烟)缭绕curriculum n. 课程curry n. 咖哩粉，咖哩饭菜vt. 用咖哩调制cursed adj. 可憎的，可恶的，讨厌的cursor n. (电脑屏幕上的)光标curve n. 曲线，弯曲vt. 弯，使弯曲custody n. 监护权，监管;扣留，监禁customary adj. 习惯的，惯例的，通常的cut v. 分割，切开;削减，缩短n. 伤口;减少?cut across走捷径/cut down 削减，压缩/cutin插嘴/cut off删去;停止，戒掉(吸烟)/cut up切碎;使受苦cyclone n. 旋风，飓风cylinder n. 圆筒，圆柱体，汽缸，旋转枪膛cynical adj. 愤世嫉俗的czar n. (俄国)沙皇。
英语专业四级考试语法复习资料
英语专业四级考试语法复习资料一、考纲要求及语法知识常考点（一）名词、代词的数和格的构成及其用法1．有关名词的格的考点：名词可分为主格、宾格和所用格。
专业四级英语主要是考查名词所用格的掌握情况。
所有格可分为’s所有格与介词of所有格，前者一般用于有生命的名词，如：the boy’s ball，后者用于无生命的名词，如：the topic of the conversation （话题）。
另外还有双重属格，其表现形式为A of B’s，其中B必须是指人的名词。
如：a book of my wife’s（我妻子的一本书），而不能说a funnel of the ship’s.考点一：当名词表示地理、国家、城市、时间等词时，应该把它们当作有生命的名词对待，即用’s所有格。
如：Europe’s future 欧洲的未来Today’s newspaper 今天的报纸考点二：表示某物为两人或多人共有时，在最后一个人名后加’s，如果为词组内并列名词各自所有时，则要在各个名词后都加’s，例如：Mary and Linda’s book 玛丽与琳达（共同拥有）的书Tom’s and Peter’s fathers 汤姆的父亲与彼得的父亲考点三：人名’S所有格结构可以表示某人所在的店铺、家庭、学校与教堂等地点。
I am going to the tailor’s to get my dress. 我要去裁缝店拿回我的衣服。
I buy my meat at the Johnson’s 我常在约翰逊开的肉铺买肉。
They took part in the birthday party at Tom’s. 他们参加了在汤姆家举行的生日宴会。
2. 有关名词数的考点：考点一：复合名词的复数：一般而言，我们把核心词变为复数形式即可，如：passers-by, mothers-in-law; assistant directors；girl friends，但当修饰词是man，woman时，复合词各组成部分都要变为复数，例如：menservants，womenservants考点二：复数形式的名词用于单数概念，其谓语动词用单数。
英语专业四级知识点
1.Provide引导条件状语从句时相当于if. 主句表示许可在口语中常用can2.was/were to +动词原形表示过去将来时间安排。
如果这个安排后来被取消了，没有实现则用was/were to + have done3.must be 表示对现在的猜测. must have been 表示对过去的猜测。
4.No more …than 否定的是前后两个比较对象。
意思是两者都不5.如果there be 结构中的动词be 要用不定式，则其逻辑主语there要用for引导。
形成for there to be结构。
6.It is essential that …句型中，that 引导的从句要用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+动词原形，should 可以省略。
7.Turn one’s back on sb. 是习惯用语，意思是不理睬，拒绝帮助。
8.Extensive 广泛的，大量的。
Exclusive 排外的，唯一的，独有的，inclusive 包含的，包括的。
Comprehensive 全面的，广泛的，充分理解的。
For the inclusive use of 仅供…使用9.Consequence 时间发生的后果，后果。
Aftermath 有气质灾难后或者不幸事件后的一段时期，后果余波。
In the after match of the war10.Become有与…相称的意思。
11.Accidentally 偶然的，意外的。
Incidentally附带的，顺便提及。
（相当于by the way）eventually 最后，终于。
Naturally 自然的。
12.Got away with 逃避惩罚got back at 实行报复got by 通过，混过got round to 腾出时间做13.Promptly 敏捷的，迅速的instantly 立即的readily 容易的14.To learn the basics of math/journalism15.Proportion 比例、通常用于一下搭配in ～to 依照比例、和…相比较in the proportionof 以…的比例rate比率，通常用于at the rate of 按照…的比率16.Audience 听众，观众往往指观看电视，电影，戏剧表演或者是听电台，演说等。
英语专业四级考试语法复习资料大全
4)主语从句及介词but, except, besides+to do(do)，如从句里或介词前有动词do，后面应
接不带to的不定式；如无do，则接to不定式，即带do不带to，带to不带do。如：
形
If I were to (should) teach you, I would teach in English.如果让我教你们，我就用英文授课。
试比较：I saw him singing when I passed by.
2)个别表示使役意义的动词，如：have, let, make
The teacher has/makes/lets us write a composition every week.
上述感觉动词或使役动词转换为被动结构时．其后的不定式一般需带to，如：
考点二：在下列it作形式主语或形式宾语的句型中，用动名词作逻辑主语或逻辑宾语。
It is no use(no good, no point, no sense, a waste of time等名词) + doing sth.
It is good ( nice, interesting, useless等形容词) + doing sth.;
The enemy soldiers had no choice but to surrender.敌军没有选择只好投降。
On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.
What I have to do is take a rest.
3
专四复习资料完美版
词汇1#专四高频词汇1.alter v. 改变，改动，变更2. burst vi/n. 突然发生/爆裂3. dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)4. blast n. 爆炸；气流 vi. 炸，炸掉5.consume v. 消耗，耗尽6.split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的7.spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃8.spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出9.slip v. 滑动，滑落；忽略10.slide v. 滑动，滑落 n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片11.bacteria n. 细菌12.breed n. 种，品种 v. 繁殖，产仔13.budget n. 预算 v. 编预算，作安排14.candidate n. 候选人15.campus n. 校园16.liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的17.transform v. 转变，变革；变换18.transmit v. 传播，播送；传递19.transplant v. 移植20.transport vt. 运输，运送 n. 运输，运输工具21.shift v. 转移；转动；转变22.vary v. 变化，改变；使多样化23.vanish vi. 消灭，不见24.swallow v. 吞下，咽下 n. 燕子25.suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心26.suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的d a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的28.tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的29.nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物）30.insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的31.accelerate vt. 加速，促进32.absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的33.boundary n. 分界线，边界34.brake n. 刹车，制动器 v. 刹住（车）35.catalog n. 目录（册） v. 编目36.vague a. 模糊的，不明确的37.vain n. 徒劳，白费38.extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的39.extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的40.extreme a. 极度的，极端的 n. 极端，过分41.agent n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁，恳求44.appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏45.approve v. 赞成，同意，批准46.stimulate vt. 刺激，激励47.acquire vt. 取得，获得；学到48.accomplish vt .完成，到达；实行work n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络50.tide n. 潮汐；潮流51.tidy a. 整洁的，整齐的52.trace vt. 追踪，找到 n. 痕迹，踪迹53.torture n./vt. 拷打，折磨54.wander vi. 漫游，闲逛55.wax n. 蜡56.weave v. 织，编57.preserve v. 保护，保存，保持，维持61. abuse v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂62. academic a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的64. battery n. 电池（组）65. barrier n. 障碍；棚栏66. cargo n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物67. career n. 生涯，职业68. vessel n. 船舶；容器，器皿；血管69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使，责成；使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗，模糊72. extent n. 程度，范围，大小，限度73. exterior n. 外部，外表 a. 外部的，外表的74. external a. 外部的，外表的，外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt./n. 推迟，延误，耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽79. decent a. 像样的，体面的80. route n. 路；路线；航线81. ruin v. 毁坏，破坏 n. 毁灭，[pl.]废墟82. sake n. 缘故，理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小，规模；等级；刻85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道，单调的，87. tend vi.易于，趋向88. tendency n.趋向，趋势89. ultimate a. 极端的，最大的，最终的 n. 极端90. undergo v. 经历，遭受91. abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的92. adopt v. 收养；采用；采纳93. adapt vi. 适应，适合；改编，改写 vt. 使适应94. bachelor n. 学士，学士学位；单身汉95. casual a. 偶然的，碰巧的；临时的；非正式的96. trap n. 陷阱，圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉97. vacant a. 空的，未占用的98. vacuum n. 真空，真空吸尘器99. oral a. 口头的，口述的，口的100. optics n. （单、复数同形）光学2#专四高频词汇出现频率出现8次credit出现7次 entitle， raise， range出现6次 abandon ，access ，adopt ，charge ，cultivate ，exhaust ，extensive，grant，leak， present， regardless of reserve出现5次 acquire adapt assemble associate attend availableexpandidentical insert intensive involve matter preferablepromoteregulate replace retain split transfer transmissiontransport出现4次 accumulate acknowledge affect arouse assist benefit bringupchange confuse considerable convention crack disposaldissolvedistance effect emergency exaggerate expense fare fault inspite ofincident inform install interval lively pace particularperformprecaution provide rate recognition regular relate reliefrigidscold settle shift specific status stick stretch tendtime-consumedtransform transmit vision出现3次 absence accompany accuse acquaint aggressive aimedalteramaze ambitious amuse appointment approve arise arrangeartificialassume assure attach attribute bare bargain barrier blankburstcancel clumsy come out complete concern conflictconsiderateconsult consume contact continually contract contributecoordinatecost crisis damage decisive declined decrease deliverdemand densedispute edge equipped event exception exchange exhibitexploitexposure feature flexible flow focused follow guaranteeguidehalting harsh hint hollow impression indispensableinevitableinquire insured issue justify lack lead length mannermild missmission mobile mood multiply neglect now that occasionpaymentspeculiar plungepretion press progress proper prospectprovisionput down put up puzzle rank refuse regard register releaseresultretreat reward rise route scope shrink slight smooth specialspotsqueeze strain strike suit tedious unstable urgent vacantviewwitness yield出现过2次absorbed abstract account accurate adequate affairanxietyappeal applicable approachable arrival article assessmentatintervals at length automatically award backs battleBesidesblowing border bored boundary bring about bring around bringoutbuild up But for called off calling for calling in callingoncalling up campaign capacity careful case certain closeddowncombating come along come on come round comes around to comeson tocomes to comes up to comtively compose confinementconsequentlyconsider consistent constant contain content continuouscontrarycopying critical cursed cuts down decorated deliberatedenydepression derive despair desperation Despite diplomaticdirecteddisappeared discarded discipline discouraged dismissaldistressdiverse dot drifting drop dynamic eager echo editioneditorialefficient embraces employ enclose endure enlargingenormousentertained escape even though evidence excessexclamationexclusive excuse expectations expose extent extraextre1.3#部分专四高频词汇详解America n.美利坚合众国，美洲总频率22次。
专业四级英语复习资料
60. Prices for bikes at that store run__________250 dollars. A. as high as B. as high to C. so high to D. so high as61. He will not be __________ to vote in this year's election. A. enough old B. as old enough C. old enough D. enough old as62. Thomas Jefferson's achievements as an architect rival his contributions __________a politician. A. such B. more C. asD. than63. According to the conditions of my scholarship, after finishing my degree__________.A. my education will be employed by the universityB. employment will be given to me by the universityC. the university will employ meD. I will be employed by the university64. If Bob's wife won't agree to sign the papers, __________A. neither he will B. neither will he C. neither won't he D. he won't neither65. _____ is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production. A. What B. That C. I t D. As66. A violent revolution having broken out, all the ports of that country were laid under a(n) ______.A. boycottB. embargoC. embarkD. ban67. Since_________ can't work in the United States without a permit, so it is of great importance for them to present their credentials to the government. A. e migrants B. expatriates C. migrants D. immigrants68. Most investors are taught at the very beginning that there is no place for __________in investment markets.A. feelingB. emotionC. passionD. sentiment69. I__________ my ordinary income by doing some part-time work. A. compliment B. Complement C. supplement D. implement70. Before the statue could be __________to the United States, a site had to be found for it and a pedestal had to be built.A. transformedB. transportedC. transferredD. transmitted71. The final document was, of course, supposed to mend the damage __________upon the world by the war,A. imposedB. impressedC. compelledD. compressed72. Roger, who __________in courage, is highly respected by all his peers in the villages. A. bounds B. possesses C. declares D. abounds73. The tourists are told that the remotest village in this area is only_____ by a river.A. accessible B. available C. obtainable D. achievable74. He__________ interrupted me by asking irrelevant questions. A. continually B. continuously C. consistently D. constantly75. Being a man of _________ and public spirit. Mr. Russell labored zealously to advance the interest of the community and wa s much interested in bringing new manufacturing interests to Waterloo. A. firm B. enterprise C. company D. corporation76. When people do things wrong we should try hard to forgive them, as the idiom goes, “To ______ is human.”A. referB. conferC. deferD. err77. Although gaining a job as a real __________agent or broker may be relatively easy, beginning agents and brokers may face competition from well-established, mo re experienced ones. A. property B. estate C. house D. assets78. The constitution of the State required that property should be __________for taxation at its market value.A. estimatedB. appraisedC. evaluatedD. valued79. On June 15, 1909, after Scott finished his rushed plans for his________ to the South Pole, he departed from England.A. tourB. voyageC. expeditionD. excursion80. The government authority had to __________oil and other products so that it would not run out during war.A. shareB. fareC. provideD. rationSECTI ON A COMPOSI TI ON [35 MI N]We all know that men and women play different roles in modern society, and that they differ in many ways, such as how to perceive the world, how to tackle prob lems and how to approach people. Think about the issue and discuss the different ways in which men and women behave in terms of interpersonal relationships, express ing affection, friendship and views on beauty.about 200 words on the following topic:The Different Approaches or Perceptions of Men and WomenMarks will be rewarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriacy. Failure to follow the instructions may result in a loss of marks.SECTI ON B NOTE-WRI TI NG [10 MI N]Write on ANSWER SHEET TWO a note of about 50-60 words based on the following situation:You are William or Aileen. You are invited this weekend to a farewell party hosted by your friend, Sandy, who is going abroad for his PhD. Study. However, yo u are unable to see him off. Write him a note politely declining his invitation and expressing your good wishes to him.Marks will be awarded for content, organization, grammar and appropriateness.Key:31-35BCCDC 36-40CBAAB 41-45ACCBD46-50BBADA51-55BCACA56-60CBDCA61-65CCDBD66-70BDDCB 71-75ADAAB 76-80DBBCD英语专业四级完形填空练习第15期An invisible border divides those arguing for computers in the classroom on the behalf of students’career prospects and those arguing for computers in the classroom for broader reasons of radical educational reform. Very few writers on the subject have explored this __1__—indeed, contradiction—which goes to the heart of what is wro ng with the __2__ to put computers in the classroom.An education that aims at getting a student a certain kind of job is a/an __3__ education, justified for reasons radically different from why education is __4 __ required by law. I t is not simply to __5__ everyone’s job prospects that all children are legally __6__ to attend school into their teens.Rather, we have a certai n __7__ of the American citizen,a character who is __8__ if he cannot competently assess __9__ his livelihood and happiness are affected by things __10__ of hims elf.But this was not always the case; before it was legally required for all children to attend school until a certain __11__, it was widely accepted that some were just not equipped __12__ nature to pursue this kind of education.With optimism characteristic of all industrialized countries, we came to accept that everyone is __13_ _ to be educated. Computer-education advocates __14__ this optimistic notion for a pessimism that __15__ their otherwise cheery outlook. __16__ on the c onfusion bet ween educational and vocational reasons for bringing computers into schools, computer-education advocates often __17__ the job prospects of graduates over their education al __18__.There are some good arguments for a technical education given the right kind of student. Many European schools __19__ the con cept of professional training early on in order to make sure children are __20__ equipped for the professions they want to join.1.[A]distinction [B]topic [C]separation [D]education2.[A]campaign [B]practice [C]action [D]goal3.[A]informal [B]basic [C]technical [D]expensive4.[A]differently [B]universally [C]conversely [D]regularly5.[A]form [B]consist [C]arise [D]raise6.[A]ordered [B]inquired [C]required [D]acquired7.[A]conception [B]information [C]theme [D]imagination 8.[A]complete [B]accomplished [C]incomplete [D]improper9.[A]why [B]what [C]where [D]how 10.[A]inside [B]outside [C]beside [D]aside11.[A]year [B]age [C]day [D]extent 12.[A]in [B]at [C]by [D]with13.[A]fit [B]responsible [C]suitable [D]able 14.[A]consider [B]forget [C]forsake [D]foretell15.[A]believes [B]becomes [C]bears [D]betrays 16.[A]Encountering [B]Banking [C]Devising [D]Seeking17.[A]emphasize [B]encourage [C]engage [D]enlarge 18.[A]academy [B]position [C]degree [D]achievement19.[A]interact [B]introduce [C]announce [D]invent 20.[A]traditionally [B]drastically [C]properly [D]hardly答案： 1.A 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.D 6.C 7.A 8.C 9.D 10.B 11.B 12.C 13.A 14.C 15.D 16.A 17.A 18.D 19.B 20.C英语专业四级完形填空练习第14期A translator must have an excellent, up-to-date knowledge of his source languages.He must fill facility in the handling of his target language, which will be his mother to ngue or language of habitual __1__, and a knowledge and understanding of the latest subject-matter in his field of specialization. This is, as it were, his professional _ _2__. I n addition to this, it is __3__ that he should have an enquiring mind, wide interests, a good memory and the ability to __4__ quickly the basic principles of new developments.He should be willing to work __5__ his own, often at high speeds, but should be humble enough to __6__ other people because his own __7__ does not always p rove adequate to the task in hand. He should be able to type fairly quickly and __8__ and, if he is working mainly for publication, should have more than a noddin g __9__ with printing techniques and proof-reading.If he is working basically as an information translator, let us say, for an industrial firms, he should have the flexibility of mind to enable him to __10__ rap idly from one source language to __11__, as well as from one subject-matter to another, since this ability is frequently __12__ of him in such work. Bearing in __ 13__ the nature of the translator’s work, i.e. the processing of the written word, it is, strictly speaking, __14__ that he should be able to speak the languages he is __15__ with.If he does speak them, it is an __16__ rather than a hindrance(障碍), but this skill is in many ways a luxury that he can do away with. I t is, __17__, de sirable that he should have an __18__ idea about the pronunciation of his source languages, even if this is restricted to knowing how proper names and place names are pronounced. The same __19__ to an ability to write his source languages. If he can, well and good; if he cannot, it does no t __20__.1.[A]application [B]use [C]utility [D]usage2.[A]equipment [B]language [C]performance [D]facility3.[A]wise [B]unique [C]desirable [D]effective4.[A]input [B]grasp [C]seek [D]expand5.[A]on [B]in [C]for [D]by6.[A]learn [B]imitate [C]conduct [D]consult7.[A]profession [B]intelligence [C]knowledge [D]style 8.[A]steadily [B]accurately [C]regularly [D]reasonably9.[A]familiarity [B]acquaintance [C]knowledge [D]skill 10.[A]change [B]transform [C]turn [D]switch11.[A]another [B]other [C]one [D]all 12.[A]lacked [B]required [C]faced [D]confronted13.[A]brain [B]thought [C]mind [D]memory 14.[A]essential [B]unnecessary [C]advantageous [D]useless15.[A]doing [B]dealing [C]deciding [D]working 16.[A]idea [B]advice [C]advantage [D]accordance17.[A]however [B]accordingly [C]consequently [D]thus 18.[A]adjacent [B]ambiguous [C]artificial [D]approximate19.[A]refers [B]comes [C]applies [D]amounts 20.[A]matter [B]mind [C]harm [D]work答案： 1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.D 7.C 8.B 9.B 10.D11.A 12.B 13.C 14.B 15.B 16.C 17.A 18.D 19.C 20.A2011年英语专四单项选择模拟题(1)51. He advised Jane __ anyone about the shortages of food. A. not telling B. not tell C. tell not D. not to tell52. He operates the new machine as if he __ special training in it. A. has received B. had received C. would receive D. received53. I t is very kind of you to do the washing-up, but you __ it.A. mustn't have doneB. shouldn't have doneC. oughtn't to have doneD. didn't have to do54. __., he does get annoyed with her sometimes.A. Although much he likes herB. Much although he likes herC. As he likes her muchD. Much as he likes her55. The newly broadened stadium is __ of the previous one.A. the size of three timesB. three times the sizeC. as much as the three times sizeD. three times more than the size56. I hope that the little __ I've been able to do has been of some use. A. which B. what C. that D. when57. I like __ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright. A. this B. that C. it D. one58. I like to play the piano but I can't play it well. ___ Sophie.A. As is the same with B I t is the same with C. So it is the same as D. So is it with59. I n vain __ to get in touch with the Embassy. A. they tried B. tried they C. did they try D. they have tried60. He had hardly finished the article __ the light went out. A. as B. until C. than D. when61. What a pity! Considering his ability and experience, he __ better.A. needn't have doneB. must have doneC. couldn't have doneD. couldn't have done62. "He's no more able to read Japanese than I am." The sentence means thatA. neither he nor I am able to read Japanese.B. I can read Japanese but he can't.C. my Japanese is better than him.D. both he and I are able to read Japanese.63. Which of the following can be used to complete "You'd better do it by yourself, __ you?"A. hadn'tB. wouldn'tC. didn'tD. don't64. In "What do you think he likes?" what is __ of the sentence. A. the subject B. the adverbial C. the object D. the complement65, "He is the last person to be fit for the job." has all the following possible meanings EXCEPTA. He is the one that isn't fit for the job.B. He is the one that is not suitable for the job.C. He is the fittest person for the job.D. He might be the person that is least wanted.66. You shouldn't __ your father's instructions. Anyway he is an experienced teacher.A. deduce B. deliberate C. defy D. denounce67. The new underground railway will ___the journey to all parts of the city.A. consume B. eliminate C. formulate D. facilitate68. The new" secretary has written a remarkably __ report only in a few pages but with all the details.A. conciseB. clearC. preciseD. elaborate69. Now a paper in Science argues that organic chemicals in the rock come mostly from __ on earth rather than bacteria on Mars.A. configurationB. constitutionC. condemnationD. contamination70. The city will __ these buildings to make room for the new highway. A. tear off B. tear out C. tear away D. tear down71. I f anyone wants to be __ by others, wealth, clothing or physical attractiveness are not requirements.A. respectfulB. respectiveC. respectableD. respected72. The little girl was so frightened that she just wouldn't __ her grip on my arm. A. loosen B. remove C. relieve D. dismiss73. Bob isn't __, but he did badly in the final exams last semester. A. gloomy B. dull C. awkward D. tedious74. My tutor, frequently reminds me to ___ myself of every chance to improve my English. A. assure B. inform C. avail D. notify75. Fashion designers are rarely concerned with vital things like warmth, comfort and __A. stabilityB. capabilityC. durabilityD. availability76. Optimism is a ___ shown to be associated with good physical health, less depression and longer life.A. trailB. traitC. traceD. track77. The newly-elected president is determined to __ the established policy of developing agriculture. A. go for B. go on C. go by D. go up78. I am so busy that I only go home to visit my folks once in a blue moon. The italicized phrase means __A. rarelyB. barelyC. now and thenD. one a year79. A man's worth lies not___ in. what he has as in what he is. A. so much B. much so C. too much D. much too80. I t is well known that knowledge is the __ condition for expansion of mind.A. incompatible B. incredible C. indefinite D. indispensable51 [D]【译文】他建议简不要把食物匮乏的情况告诉任何人，【解析】考查动词搭配和动词不定式的否定形式。
英语专四听写50篇_文本
Passage 1 Town and Country Life in EnglandThere is a big difference between town life and country life in England. In the country, everybody knows everybody else. They know what time you get up, what time you go to bed and what you have for dinner. If you want help, you will always get it and you will be glad to help others. In a large town like London, however, it can sometimes happen that you have never seen your next door neighbor and you do not know his name or anything about him. People in London are often very lonely. This is because people go to different places in the evenings and at weekends. If you walk through the streets in the centre of London on Sunday, it is like a town without people. One is sorry for old people living on their own. They could die in their homes and would not be discovered for weeks or even months. Passage 2A Change in Women’s LifeThe important change in women’s life-pattern has only recently begun to have most girls its full effect on women’s economic position. Even a few years agoleft school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. Very many more afterwards return to full-time or part-time work. Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them. Useful Words and Expressions: 1. life-pattern生活方式生活方式2. sharePassage 3 A Popular Pastime of the English PeopleOne of the best means of understanding the people of any nation is watching what the do with their non-working time. Most English men, women and children love growing things, especially flowers. Visitors to England in spring, summer or autumn are likely to see gardens all they way along the railway lines. There are flowers at the airports and flowers in factory grounds, as well as in gardens along the roads. Each English town has at least one park with beautifully kept flower beds. Public buildings of every kind have brilliant window boxes and sometimes baskets of flowers are hanging on them. But what the English enjoy most is growing things themselves. If it is impossible to have a garden, then a window box or something growing in a pot will do. Looking at each other’s gardens is a popular pastime with the English. Useful Words and Expressions:1. window box:窗台上的花盆箱窗台上的花盆箱2.pastime 消遣，娱乐消遣，娱乐Swimming is my favorite pastime. Passage 4 British and American Police OfficersReal policemen, both in Britain and the U.S., hardly recognize any common —if they ever get home in points between their lives and what they se on TVtime. Some things are almost the same, of course, but the policemen do not think much of them much of them. The first difference is that a policeman’s real life deals with the law. Most of what he learns is the law. He has to know actually what actions are against the law and what facts can be used to prove them in court. He has to know nearly as much law as a lawyer, and what’s more, he has to put it into practice on his feet, in the dark and, running down a narrow street after someone he wants to talk to. Little of his time is spent in talking with beautiful girls or in bravely facing cruel criminals. He will spend most of his working life arranging millions of words on thousands of forms about hundreds of sad, ordinary people who are guilty--- or not of stupid, unimportant crimes. Useful Words and Expressions:1. think much of 重视，尊重重视，尊重2. in court 在法庭上在法庭上在法庭上3. criminal 罪犯，犯罪者罪犯，犯罪者4. guilty 犯罪的，有罪的犯罪的，有罪的Passage 5 Living SpaceHow much living space does a person need? What happens when his space needs are not met? Scientists are doing experiments on rats to try to determine the effects of overcrowded conditions on man. Recent studies have shown that the behavior of rats is greatly affected by space. If rats have enough living space, they eat well, sleep well and produce their young well. health change obviously. They can not sleep and eat well, and signs of fear But if their living conditions become too crowded, their behavior and even their and worry become clear. The more crowded they are, and more they tend to bite each other and even kill each other. Thus, for rats, populations and violence are directly related. Is this a natural law for human society as well? Is enough space not only satisfactory, but necessary for human survival? These are interesting questions. Passage 6 The United NationsIn 1945, representatives of 50 nations met to plan this organization. It was called the United Nations. After the war, many more nations joined. There are two major parts of the United Nations. One is called the General Assembly. In the General Assembly, every member nation is represented and has an equal vote. The second part is called the Security Council. It has representatives of just 15 nations. Five nations are permanent members: the United States, Russia, France, Britain, and China. The 10 other members are elected every two years by the General Assembly. The major job of the Security Council is to keep peace in the world. If necessary, it can send troops from member nations to try to stop little wars before they turn into big ones. It is hard to get the nations of the Security Council to agree on when this is necessary. But they did vote to try to stop wars. Useful Words and Expressions:1. representative 代表代表2. General Assembly 联合国大会联合国大会3. permanent 永久的，持久的永久的，持久的4. Security Council 联合国安全理事会联合国安全理事会Passage 7 PlasticWe use plastic wrap to protect our foods. We put our garbage in plastic bags or plastic cans. We sit on plastic chairs, play with plastic toys, drink from plastic cups, and wash our hair with shampoo from plastic bottles! Plastic does not grow in nature. It is made by mixing certain things together. We call it a produced or manufactured material. Plastic was first made in the 1860s from plants, such as wood and cotton. That plastic was soft and burned easily. The first modern plastics were made in the 1930s. Most clear plastic starts out as thick, black oil. That plastic coating inside a pan begins as natural gas. Over the years, hundreds of different plastics have been developed. Some are hard and strong. Some are soft and bendable. Some are clear. Some are many-colored. There is a plastic for almost every need. Scientists continue to experiment with plastics. They hope to find even ways to use them! Passage 8 Display of GoodsAre supermarkets designed to persuade us to buy more? Fresh fruit and vegetables are displayed near supermarket entrances. This gives the impression that only healthy food is sold in the shop. Basic foods that everyone buys, like sugar and tea, are not put near each other. They are kept in different aisles so customers are taken past other attractive foods before they find what they want. In this way, shoppers are encouraged to buy products that they do not really need. Sweets are often placed at children’s eye level at the checkout. While parents are waiting to pay, children reach for the sweets and put them in the trolley. More is bought from a fifteen-foot display of one type of product than from a ten-foot one. Customers also buy more when shelves are full than when they are half empty. They do not like to buy from shelves with few products on them because they feel there is something wrong with those products that are there. Useful Words and Expressions:1. aisle 走廊，过道走廊，过道2. trolley 手推车手推车3. checkout 收款台收款台Passage 9 Albert EinsteinAlbert Einstein was born in Germany in 1879, His father owned a factory that made electrical devices. His mother enjoyed music and books. His parents rve many of the religion’s rules. Albert was a were Jewish but they did not obsequite child who spent much of his time alone. He was slow to talk and had difficulty learning to read. When Albert was five years old, his father gave him a compass. The child was filled with wonder when he discovered that the —to be north. He asked compass needle always pointed in the same directionhis father and his uncle what caused the needle to move. Their answers about magnetism and gravity were difficult for the boy to understand. Yet he spent a lot of time thinking about them. He said later that he felt something hidden had to be behind things. Useful expressions and words:1. device 装置，设备装置，设备leave to one’s own devices 听任某人自行其是，允许某人按自己的意愿做事She left the child to her own devices for an hour in the afternoon. 她允许孩子在下午有一个小时的自由支配时间。
(完整)英语专四高频词汇
accomplishvt.完成，实现（计划、诺言等）frustratevt.使沮丧;挫败disruptvt.使中断，扰乱discouragevt.使泄气;阻止entailvt.使承担，需要bewildervt.使迷惑assurevt.使确信;确保timida.羞怯的，胆小的confidencen.信任;信心confidentiala.秘密的;表示信任的;担任机密工作的resistvt.抵抗;抗（病等）;忍住vi.抵抗resistanta.（to）抵抗的，耐…的restrainvt.阻止;抑制refrainvi.（from）抑制，戒除n.（诗歌的）叠句setbackn.挫折，倒退limitationn.限制;（常pl.）局限confinevt.限制;使不外出n.（pl.）界限restrictvt.限制expandv.扩张;膨胀expansionn.扩展;膨胀stretchv.伸展，延伸;使倾注全力n.一段时间;伸展，延伸financen.财政;（常pl.）资金vt.为…提供资金bonusn.奖金;额外给予的东西enlargev.扩大;放大budgetn.预算v.（for）做安排a.低廉的disclosevt.透露exposevt.暴露;（to）使处于…作用之下;揭露uncovervt.揭露;揭开•一的盖子abandonvt.放弃;抛弃quitv.停止，放弃;离开resignvi.辞职vt.放弃;（to）使顺从surrenderv.投降，放弃;（to）屈服（于）n.投降，放弃releasevt./n.释放;解除;放开;发布dischargev./n.允许…离开;排出;卸（货）;放电dismissvt.不再考虑;解雇;解散;驳回expelvt.把…开除;驱逐;排出qualifyv.（使）胜任，（使）具有资格qualificationn.资格，合格证书;限制licensen.执照;许可vt.给…发许可证favo（u）rablea.称赞的;有利的dispersev.分散;消散dispelv.驱散，消除objectionn.反对;反对的理由objectiven.目标a.客观的subjectivea.主观（上）的renewv.重新开始;（使）更新;延长（…的）有效期relievevt.使轻松;减轻;使得到调剂;接替rehearsaln.排练，排演restorevt.恢复;修复;归还refreshv.（使）振作精神renovatevt.更新recoveryn.恢复，痊愈;追回regainv.取回，恢复;返回revivevt.使复苏vi.恢复attainvt.达到achievementn.成就;实现breakthroughn.突破historicala.历史（上）的historica.历史上著名的，具有重大历史意义的approachv.靠近n.靠近;途径;方法acquirevt.获得;学到acquisitionn.取得;获得物decenta.体面的;宽厚的;得体respectablea.可敬的，高尚的;相当不错的admirablea.令人赞叹的，令人钦佩的feen.费，酬金tuitionn.教学;学费affordv.有足够的时间（金钱）去（做某事）paymentn.支付的款项;支付essentiala.必不可少的;本质的n.（常pl.）要素;必需品continuala.不间断的;频频的continuousa.连续不断的suspendvt.暂停;悬，吊suspensen.悬疑，焦虑，悬念haltn.停住，暂停v.（使）停住ceasev./n.停止repelv.逐退，驱逐;使厌恶，使反感prohibitvt.禁止avoidvt.避免owinga.应付的overalla.总体的;全部的n.（pl.）工装裤delegaten.代表vt.委派…为代表;授（权）nominatevt.提名;任命feastn.盛宴;节日vi.（on）尽情地吃;参加宴会queryn./v.质问，疑问inquestn.审问，审查suevi.控告;（for）请求vt.控告clarifyvt.阐明militarya.军事的n.(the~)军队smugglevt.走私;偷运combatn./vt.战斗，斗争custodyn.监护权，监管;扣留，监禁arrestvt.逮捕;阻止;吸引n.逮捕givena.规定的;假设的;(to)有癖好的prep.考虑到reviewn.复查;回顾，检讨;书评等vt.仔细审度;写评论categoryn.种类，类rejectvt.拒绝;拒纳n.被拒货品forbidvt.禁止excludevt.把…排斥在外denyvt.否认;拒绝给予infinitea.无限的eternala.永恒的;没完没了的moreoverad.而且，此外diminishv.变少，变小，降低decreasev./n.减小，减少dwindlev.渐渐减少(缩小)，衰落raten.速度;比率，率;价格vt.评估;给…定级，值得ratingn.等级，评定结果;(pl.)收视率ration.比率percentagen.百分比proportionn.比例;部分;均衡comparisonn.比较;比拟comparablea.(with,to)可比较的；比得上的comparativea.比较的，相对的associatev.把…联系在一起;(with)交往n.伙伴a.副的associationn.协会;交往calculatevt.计算;估计;计划distinctionn.差别;辨别;优秀;荣誉distinctivea.有特色的，区别性的distincta.有区别的;清楚的;明确的divisionn.分;分配;分歧;除(法);部门separatea.分离的;各自的v.使分离;区分;(夫妻)分居interviewn./vt.会见;面试discriminatevi.(between)区别;(against)歧视distinguishvt.区分;看清;(oneself)使杰出considerablea.相当大(或多)的consideratea.体贴的consideringprep.就…来说considerationn.考虑;体贴awarea.意识到的consciousa.意识到的;神志清醒的;有意的offendvt.冒犯，伤害…的感情;使厌恶，违反annoyvt.使烦恼;打扰resentvt.对…表示忿恨irritatevt.使恼怒;使（身体某部分）不适upsetvt.使心烦意乱;打乱;弄翻n.（肠胃等）不适a.心烦的revisev.修订;复习manuscriptn.手稿;手写本editvt.编辑，校订;主编;剪辑editionn.版，版本editoriala.编辑的;社论的n.社论applyvi.申请;适用vt.实施;涂applicablea.可应用的;合适的appliancen.器具bidn.企图;投标v.喊价;祝;命令proposev.提议;提名;打算;求婚generousa.慷慨的;宽厚的;大量的plentifula.丰富的，充裕的abundanta.大量的;（in）富裕的aboundvi.大量存在;（in,with）充满，富于sufficienta.足够的，充分的adequatea.充足的;胜任的wholesomea.有益于健康的;有益的;健康的conducivea.有助于…的，促成…的appreciatevt.重视，欣赏;为…表示感激;领会vi.增值criterionn.标准standardizev.使（某事物）标准化handya.方便的;手边的;手巧的conveniencen.方便;便利设施benefitn.益处;救济金v.有益于,得益beneficiala.有益的availablea.现成可使用的;可得到的feasiblea.可行的emphatica.强调的，加强语气的emphasisn.强调，重点emphasizevt.强调eloquenta.雄辩的;明白显示出的fluenta.流利的effectivea.有效的;给人印象深刻的;实际的aftereffectn.（不良的）后果，副作用emotionn.情感，感情nerven.神经;勇气strainn.拉紧;极度紧张;张力;扭伤;（常pl.）旋律;品种，气质aftermathn.（指不幸的）事件的余波，后果outcomen.结果consequencen.结果;重要（性）consequentlyad.所以musclen.肌肉;力量bruisen.青肿;（水果等的）伤痕vt.使受淤伤;挫伤sprainn./v.扭，扭伤scratchv.抓;刮擦n.抓;抓痕pacen.（一）步;速度vi.踱步absencen.缺席;缺乏presencen.出席，存在;仪表presentationn.提供;外观;授予;报告;表演parliamentn.议会，国会cabinetn.内阁;陈列柜holya.神圣的;虔诚的sacreda.神圣的;宗教（性）的blessvt.（with）使有幸得到;为…祈神赐福（或保佑）instituten.学院vt.建立institutionn.社会公共机构;制度;设立consistenta.坚持的;一致的varyvi.变化vt.使不同variablea.易变的;可变的n.可变因素misfortunen.不幸，逆境;不幸事故relevanta.有关的，切题的simultaneousa.同时发生的impracticala.不现实的，不切实际的obviousa.明显的spontaneousa.自发的，无意识的;天真率直的substancen.物质;实质;大意;根据substantiala.大量的;牢固的;实质的synthetica.合成的，人造的;虚假的synthesisn.综合;合成crudea.粗鲁的;天然的;粗糙的rawa.自然状态的，生的;未经分析的;生疏无知的;露肉而刺痛的defectn.缺点vi.叛变flawn.缺点，瑕疵condemnvt.谴责;判•…开Ureproachn./vt.责备rebuken./v.谴责，指责，斥责imaginarya.想象中的，虚构的imaginativea.富有想象力的devisevt.发明，策划devicen.装置;策略ingeniousa.设计独特的;灵巧的createvt.创造;引起creativea.有创造力的theoreticala.理论（上）的accordinglyad.相应地;所以accordancen.一致accordn.一致;协议vi.（with）相符合vt.授予sensen.官能，感觉;意味;意识v.感知，理会sensiblea.明智的;察觉的sensitivea.敏感的;神经过敏的，容易生气的;易受伤害的efficienta.效率高的allergyn.（因食物等引起的）过敏症infectvt.感染;影响disinfectv.杀菌（消毒）epidemicn.流行病;流传a.流传极广的contagiousa.（接触）传染的;（情绪等）有感染力的widespreada.分布广的，普遍的virusn.病毒;病毒性疾病absolutea.绝对的;不受任何限制的roughlyad.粗鲁地;大概approximatea.近似的v.（to）接近;估计accidentala.意外的accuratea.正确无误的;精确的omitvt.省略;遗漏incidentallyad.顺便提一句eventuala.最后的，最终的pursuevt.继续;追赶;追求pursuitn.追求;追赶;（常pl.）嗜好theftn.偷窃，失窃burglarn.窃贼engagev.占用；（in）从事于;雇;使订婚indulgevt.使沉溺于;纵容vi.（in）沉溺actionn.行动;作用;情节decisivea.决定性的;坚定的determinationn.决心，决定;确定，测定defensivea.防御性的;自卫的，时刻防备的defendantn.被告demandinga.要求高的，费力（心）的convincevt.使确信，使信服involvevt.包含;使卷入;牵涉concernn.关切的事;关心;关系;公司vt.有关于;使关心concerningprep.关于dependenta.（on,upon）依靠的;取决于.…的independenta.独立的;无偏见的;不相关连的relyvi.（on,upon）依靠;信赖reliablea.可靠的attendancen.出席人数;参加;护理attendantn.服务人员a.随之而产生的assistv./n.帮助aidn.救助;辅助物vt.援助securea.安全的;牢固的;无忧虑的vt.得到;使安全;缚牢protectionn.保护sheltern.掩蔽处;住所;掩蔽vt.掩蔽，庇护residentn.居民;住院医生a.居住的;住校的，住院的residevi.居住，定居;（in）（性质等）存在dwellvi.居住monopolyn.垄断;垄断商品monotonousa.单调的，枯燥的routen.路程，路线retailv.n./ad.零售combn.梳子vt.彻底搜查coarsea.粗糙的;粗劣的;粗俗的vulgara.粗野的;粗俗的summarizevt.概括，总结sumn.总数;金额;算术vi.共计overtimen.超时工作;加班费ad.加班discontentn.不满，不满足disregardvt./n.漠视disordern.混乱;骚乱;失调physicala.身体的;物理的;物质的n.体检physiologyn.生理学ecologyn.生态;生态学basicallyad.基本上basisn.基础basicsn.基本因素，基本原理，概要elementn.元素;成分;（pl.）基础;^1.）自然力elementarya.基本的;初级的fundamentala.基本的n.（pl.）基本原则principala.主要的n.校长;资本;主角principlen.原则;基本信念primarya.首要的;最初的primea.首要的;最好的n.青春;全盛时期vt.使准备好initiala.开始的n.（常pl.）首字母initiativen.主动性;倡议;主动权initiatevt.开始;使初步了解;接纳n.新加入组织的人necessarilyad.必要地;必然地necessityn.必需品;必要protestn.抗议，反对v.抗议，反对contradictvt.反驳;与…发生矛盾reformv./n.改革，改良;改正countern.柜台;筹码;计数器vt.反驳ad.反方向地conflictn.冲突;战争confrontvt.迎面遇到;正视;使对质competevi.竞争competitivea.竞争的;好竞争的;有竞争力的fiercea.凶猛的;猛烈的;狂热的capitalizev.用大写字母写;为…提供资金conferencen.会议;商谈participatevi.(in)参加spectatorn.观众，旁观者viewn.看法;观察;景色vt.看待onlookern.旁观者audiencen.听众，观众observevt.注意到;观察;评说;遵守performancen.表演;履行;表现skimvt.撇;掠过;浏览vi.略读scanvt.细看;扫描;浏览n.扫描overlookvt.忽略;宽恕;俯瞰glimpsevt./n.一瞥glarevi.(at)怒视;发出刺眼的光线n.强光;怒视;炫耀gleamvi./n.闪亮;(with)闪现，流露glittervi.闪耀n.闪光;辉煌glown.光亮;脸红;激情vi.灼热;(脸)红;洋溢glimmerv.发出闪烁的微光n.微光，微弱的闪光prominenta.突出的;突起的outstandinga.杰出的;未解决的eminenta.卓越的excelvi.(at,in)突出vt.胜过proficienta.熟练的，精通的conspicuousa.显眼的noticeablea.显而易见的remarkvt.说vi.(on)评论n.评论insultvt.侮辱n.侮辱detailn.细节;枝节vt.详述;列举commentn.评论;闲话vt.评论reactvi.反应;(against)反对;(with)起化学反应;(on,upon)影响reactionn.反应，反作用；(against)反动impressvt.给…以深刻的印象;压印gracen.优美;(常pl.)风度;宽限vt.使优美graciousa.和蔼的;优美的int.天哪!disgracen.耻辱v.使失宠;使蒙羞comprehendv.理解comprehensivea.综合的extendvt.延伸;扩大;提供vi.延伸;达到extentn.程度，范围;广度extensivea.广阔的;广泛的exclusionn.排除在外，排斥exclusivea.奢华的;独有的;排斥的;（of）不包括…的n.独家新闻inclusivea.包括一切的eradicatev.根除，消灭，杜绝intensea.强烈的，紧张的;专注的;热情的intensifyv.增强intensivea.加强的;精工细作的concentratevi.全神贯注;集中vt.集中;浓缩n.浓缩物graven.坟墓a.严重的;严肃的gravityn.重力;严重;严肃solemna.严肃的;庄严的amountn.数量;总数vi.（to）合计;接近mountvt.登上;发起;安放vi.增加n.（M-）（用于山名前）山exceedvt.超过exceedinglyad.极其excessn.过度;超越a.额外的underlinevt.在…下面划线;强调underlievt.构成…的基础（或起因）utilizevt.利用utilityn.功用，效用；（常pl.）公用事业premisen.（pl.）经营场址;前提hypothesisn.假说，前提phenomenonn.现象;非凡的人marvelousa.惊人的dedicatevt.题献词于…上;（to）把…献给toastn.烤面包;祝酒辞vt.烘，烤;为…干杯memoriala.纪念的n.纪念碑memorisev.记住wisdomn.明智;智慧witn.风趣;（常pl.）智力，才智organn.器官;风琴;机构;新闻媒介organizevt.组织;使有条理exhaustvt.使筋疲力尽;用光;详尽论述n.排气装置;废气exploitvt.录U削;利用，开发n.（常pl.）业绩controversyn.争论debaten./v.辩论argumentn.争论;论据;说理remarkablea.值得注意的;非凡的clientn.委托人，顾客tenantn.房客，佃户proprietorn.所有人，业主scrapn.碎片;废金属;（pl.）残羹剩饭;少量vt.废弃scrapev.刮，擦n.刮，擦，刮擦声slicen.薄片;一份，部分vt.切（片）upbringingn.养育，抚育cultivatevt.耕作;培养nourishvt.养育;怀有(希望等)tamea.驯服的;沉闷的vt.制服;驯化civila.公民的，国内的;民用的;民事的;文明的civiliann.平民，百姓civilizev.使文明，使开化;教化，教育sacrificen.牺牲;献祭;祭品vt.牺牲;献祭adoptvt.收养;采用;批准adaptvt.使适应;修改vi.(to)适应adjustvt.调整vi.(to)适应regulatevt.管理;调节regulationn.规则;管理，调节equipvt.装备;使有准备modifyvt.修改;修饰conformvi.(to,with)遵守，适应;一致catervi.(for,to)迎合;(for)提供饮食及服务posevt.造成;提出(问题等)vi.摆姿势;假装n.样子signaln.信号;标志v.发信号;表示a.显著的gesturen.姿势;表示v.做手势labeln.标签;称号vt.贴标签于;把…称为tagn.标签vt.给…加上标签readilyad.乐意地;容易地;很快地promptvt.促使;提示a.敏捷的，及时的n.提词instanta.即刻的;紧急的;速溶的n.瞬间beforehandad.预先advanceda.先进的;高级的;年迈的hasten.急速，急忙urgevt.鼓励;竭力主张;催促n.强烈的欲望urgenta.急迫的，紧要的priora.优先的，在前的十.priorityn.优先(权);优先考虑的事emergencyn.紧急情况，非常时刻leakv.(使)漏;泄露n.漏洞;泄漏tricklev.滴流，滴淌;缓慢地移动dripv.滴n.滴水声;滴下的液体fluctuatevi.波动drainv.排走;渐渐耗尽n.耗竭;排水管spillv.溢出，洒落n.溢出overflowv.满得外溢;(with)充满n.容纳不下的物(或人);溢流口overwhelmvt.使受不了;征服overtakevt.超过;突然降临于overthrowvt.推翻;使终止n.推翻，终止overturnvt.使翻转;颠覆vi.翻转fertilea.肥沃的;多产的;（想象力）丰富的componentn.成分a.组成的productn.产品，产物;乘积reproducev.复制;繁殖productivea.多产的;富有成效的reflectv.反映;反射;深思innera.内部的;内心的imitatevt.模仿;仿造mockvt.嘲笑;（为了取笑）模仿vi.嘲笑a.模拟的;假的minora.较小的;次要的n.未成年人vi.（in）（大学中）副修minorityn.少数;少数民族scarcea.缺乏的;罕见的scarcelyad.几乎不;决不;刚刚rarea.稀有的;珍奇的;（空气等）稀薄的;煎得嫩的strikinga.显著的;惹人注目的minimuma.最小的n.最低限度，最少量]maximuma.最高的，最大的n.最大限度sparsea.零散的，稀疏的sensationn.感觉能力;感觉;轰动extraordinarya.不平常的，非凡的uniquea.唯一的，独特的;极不寻常的incidentn.发生的事;事件hencead.因此;今后generalisev.概括，推断circulara.圆形的;循环的n.通知circulatev.（使）循环;散布circuitn.电路;环行definevt.给…下定义;限定entryn.参赛的人（或物）;进入;入口处;登记sackn.麻袋，包;（the~）解雇;（the~）洗劫vt.解雇;洗劫snackn.快餐，点心steakn.牛排portionn.一部分，一份vt.（out）分配metaphorn.隐喻signifyvt.表示…的意思，预示ancienta.古代的;年老的ancestorn.祖先;先驱maritala.婚姻的divorcen./v.离婚;分离spousen.配偶。
专业英语四级资料
专业英语四级资料--含专四听写高频词汇、高频词组、新闻听力重点词汇1.专业四级“听写部分”高频词汇统计出现8次credit出现7次entitle/raise/range出现6次abandon/access/adopt/charge/cultivate/exhaust/extensive/grant/leak/present/regardless of reserve出现5次acquire/adapt/assemble/associate/attend/available/expand/identical/insert/intensive/involve/matter/ preferable/promote/regulate/replace/retain/split/transfer/transmission/transport出现4次accumulate acknowledge affect arouse assist benefit bring up change confuse considerable convention crack disposal dissolve distance effect emergency exaggerate expense fare fault in spite of incident inform install interval lively pace particular perform precaution provide rate recognition regular relate relief rigid scold settle shift specific status stick stretch tend time-consumed transform transmit vision出现3次absence accompany accuse acquaint aggressive aimed alter amaze ambitious amuse appointment approve arise arrange artificial assume assure attach attribute bare bargain barrier blank burst cancel clumsy come out complete concern conflict considerate consult consume contact continually contract contribute coordinate cost crisis damage decisive declined decrease deliver demand dense dispute edge equipped event exception exchange exhibit exploit exposure feature flexible flow focused follow guarantee guide halting harsh hint hollow impression indispensable inevitable inquire insured issue justify lack lead length manner mild miss mission mobile mood multiply neglect now that occasion payment peculiar plunge pretion press progress proper prospect provision put down put up puzzle rank refuse regard register release result retreat reward rise route scope shrink slight smooth special spot squeeze strain strike suit tedious unstable urgent vacant view witness yield出现过2次absorbed abstract account accurate adequate affair anxiety appeal applicable approachable arrival article assessment at intervals at length automatically award backs battle Besides blowing border bored boundary bring about bring around bring out build up But for called off calling for calling in calling on calling up campaign capacity careful case certain closed down combating come along come on come round comes around to come son to comes to comes up to comtively compose confinement consequently consider consistent constant contain content continuous contrary copying critical cursed cuts down decorated deliberate deny depression derive despair desperationDespite diplomatic directed disappeared discarded discipline discouraged dismissal distress diverse dot drifting drop dynamic eager echo edition editorial efficient embraces employ enclose endure enlarge generous entertained escape even though evidence excess exclamation exclusive2.专业四级高频词汇“同义替换”1. important =crucial (extremely important),significant(amount or effect large enough to be important)mon=universal, ubiquitous(if something is ubiquitous, it seems to be everywhere)3.abundant=ample(enough and usually extra), plentiful(enough for people's needs and wants)4.stick=adhere, cling(hold on something tightly)5.neglect=ignore.(difference: neglect means someone has not paid enough attention to something; ignore means no attention.)6.near=adjacent(twothings next to each other), adjoin(the same as adjacent)7.pursue=woo(man woos woman, old-fashioned), seek(if you seek sth, you try to obtain it. FORMAL)8.accurate=precise(precise is exact and accurate in all details), exact(correct in every detail)9.vague=obscure(unknown or known by only a few people)10.top=peak, summitpetitor=rival, opponent(especially in sports and politics)12.blame=condemn(if you condemn something, you say it is very bad and unacceptable)13.opinion=perspective, standpoint(means looking at an event or situation in a particular way)14.fame=prestige(describe those who are admired), reputation15.build=erect(you can erect something as buildings, FORMAL), establish16.insult=humiliate(do something or say something which makes people feel ashamed or stupid)plain=grumble (complain something in a bad-tempered way)18.primary=radical (very important and great in degree), fundamental19.relieve=alleviate (alleviate means you make pain or sufferings less intense or severe)20.force=coerces into(coerce means you make someone do something s/he does not want to),compel 21.enlarge=magnify(magnify means make something larger than it really is)plex=intricate(if something is intricate, it often has many small parts and details)23. Lonely=solitary (if someone is solitary, there is no one near him/her)24.small=minuscule(very small), minute,25.praise=extol(stronger than praise), compliment(polite and political)26.hard-working=assiduous(someone who is assiduous works hard or does things very thoroughly)27.difficult=arduous (if something is arduous, it is difficult and tiring, and involves a lot of efforts)28.poor(soil)=barren, infertile(used to describe the soil is so poor that plants cannot be planted on it)29.fragile=brittle, vulnerable(someone who is vulnerable is easily hurt emotionally or physically)30.show=demonstrate (to demonstrate a fact means tp make it clear to people.)31.big=massive(large in size, quantity, or extent), colossal(use this word, you emphasize something’s large), tremendous(INFORMAL)32.avoid=shun(if someone shuns something, s/he deliberately avoid that something or keep away from it.)33.fair=impartial(someone who is impartial is able to give a fair opinion or decision on something.)34.attack=assault (physically attack someone), assail (attack violently)35.dislike=abhor(abhor means you hate something to a extreme extent for moral reasons), loathe(dislike very much)!36.ruin=devastate (it means damage something very badly, or utterly destroy it.)39.always=invariably(the same as always, but better than always)40.forever=perpetual(a perpetual state never changes), immutable(something immutable will never change or be changed) 41.surprise=startle(it means surprise you slightly), astound(surprise you to a large degree),astonish(the same as astound)42.enthusiasm=zeal (a great enthusiasm), fervency (sincere and enthusiasm)43.quiet=tranquil(calm and peaceful), serene(calm and quiet)44.expensive=exorbitant(it means too expensive that it should be)45.luxurious=lavish(impressive and very expensive), sumptuous(grand and very expensive)46.boring=tedious(if you describe something tedious, you mean it is boring and frustrating)47.respect=esteem(if you esteem someone, you respect and admire him/her. FORMAL)48.worry=fret(if you fret about something, you worry about it)49.cold=chilly(unpleasantly cold), icy(extremely cold)50.hot=boiling(very hot)51.dangerous=perilous(very dangerous, hazardous(dangerous, especially to people's safety and health)52.nowadays=currently53.only=unique(the only one of its kind), distinctive;54.stop=cease(if something ceases, it stops happening or existing)55.part=component(the components of something are the parts that it is made of)56.result=consequence(the results or effects of something)57.obvious=apparent, manifest58.basedon=derived fromcan see or notice them very easily)60.quite=fairly 61.pathetic=lamentable(very uncomfortable and disappointing)62.field=domain(a particular field of thought, activities or interest)63.appear=emerge(come into existence)64.whole=entire(the whole of something)65.wet=moist(slightly wet), damp(slightly wet), humid(very damp and hot)66.wrong=erroneous(incorrect or partly correct)67.difficult=formidable68.change=convert(change into another form)69.typical=quintessential(this word means represent a typical example of something)70.careful=cautious(very careful in order to avoid danger), prudent(careful and sensible)71.ability=capacity, capability(the same as ability)72.strange=eccentric(if some one is eccentric, s/he behaves in a strange way, or his/heropinion is different from most people)73.rich=affluent(if you are affluent, you have a lot of money)e= utilize (the same as use)75.dubious=skeptical(if you are skeptical about something, you have doubts on it.)76.satisfy=gratify (if you are gratified by something, it gives you pleasure and satisfaction)77.short=fleeting, ephemeral(if something is ephemeral, it lasts a short time)78.scholarship=fellowship79.angry=enraged(extremely angry)80.smelly=malodorous(used to describe an unpleasant smell)81.ugly=hideous(if something is hideous, it is very ugly or unattractive)82.attractive=appealing(pleasing and attractive), absorbing(something absorbing can attract you a great deal)83.diverse=miscellaneous(a miscellaneous groups consists of many different kinds of things)84.disorder=disarray, chaos85.crazily=frantically(used to describe someone who behaves in a wild and uncontrolled way)86.rapid=meteoric(A TTENTION: meteoric is only used to describe someone achieves success quickly)87.ordinary=mundane(very ordinary and not at interesting or unusual)88.despite=notwithstanding(FORMAL)89.best=optimal(used to describe the best level something can achieve)90.sharp=acute(severe and intense)91.unbelievable=inconceivable(if you deem something inconceivable, you think it very unlike to happen )92.puzzle=perplex(something perplex someone means it confuses and worries him/her because he/she does not understand it)93.method=avenue(away of getting something done)94.famous=distinguished(used to describe people who are successful in their career)95.ancient=archaic(extremely old and extremely old-fashioned)96.decorate=embellish(embellish means make something look more attractive via decorating it with something else)97.possible=feasible(if something is feasible, it can be done, made or achieved)98.so=consequently, accordingly99.rare=infrequent (doesn’t happe n often)100.greedy=rapacious(greedy and selfish)3.专业四级高频词组1. abide by(=be faithful to ; obey)忠于；遵守。
专四复习资料完美版
词汇1#专四高频词汇1.alter v. 改变，改动，变更2. burst vi/n. 突然发生/爆裂3. dispose vi. 除掉；处置；解决；处理(of)4. blast n. 爆炸；气流 vi. 炸，炸掉5.consume v. 消耗，耗尽6.split v. 劈开；割裂；分裂 a.裂开的7.spit v. 吐（唾液等）；唾弃8.spill v. 溢出，溅出，倒出9.slip v. 滑动，滑落；忽略10.slide v. 滑动，滑落 n. 滑动；滑面；幻灯片11.bacteria n. 细菌12.breed n. 种，品种 v. 繁殖，产仔13.budget n. 预算 v. 编预算，作安排14.candidate n. 候选人15.campus n. 校园16.liberal a. 慷慨的；丰富的；自由的17.transform v. 转变，变革；变换18.transmit v. 传播，播送；传递19.transplant v. 移植20.transport vt. 运输，运送 n. 运输，运输工具21.shift v. 转移；转动；转变22.vary v. 变化，改变；使多样化23.vanish vi. 消灭，不见24.swallow v. 吞下，咽下 n. 燕子25.suspicion n. 怀疑，疑心26.suspicious a. 怀疑的，可疑的d a. 温暖的，暖和的；温柔的，味淡的28.tender a. 温柔的；脆弱的29.nuisance n. 损害，妨害，讨厌（的人或事物）30.insignificant a. 无意义的，无足轻重的；无价值的31.accelerate vt. 加速，促进32.absolute a. 绝对的，无条件的；完全的33.boundary n. 分界线，边界34.brake n. 刹车，制动器 v. 刹住（车）35.catalog n. 目录（册） v. 编目36.vague a. 模糊的，不明确的37.vain n. 徒劳，白费38.extinct a. 绝灭的，熄灭的39.extraordinary a. 不平常的，特别的，非凡的40.extreme a. 极度的，极端的 n. 极端，过分41.agent n. 代理人，代理商；动因，原因42.alcohol n. 含酒精的饮料，酒精43.appeal n./vi. 呼吁，恳求44.appreciate vt. 重视，赏识，欣赏45.approve v. 赞成，同意，批准46.stimulate vt. 刺激，激励47.acquire vt. 取得，获得；学到48.accomplish vt .完成，到达；实行work n. 网状物；广播网，电视网；网络50.tide n. 潮汐；潮流51.tidy a. 整洁的，整齐的52.trace vt. 追踪，找到 n. 痕迹，踪迹53.torture n./vt. 拷打，折磨54.wander vi. 漫游，闲逛55.wax n. 蜡56.weave v. 织，编57.preserve v. 保护，保存，保持，维持61. abuse v. 滥用，虐待；谩骂62. academic a. 学术的；高等院校的；研究院的64. battery n. 电池（组）65. barrier n. 障碍；棚栏66. cargo n. （船、飞机等装载的）货物67. career n. 生涯，职业68. vessel n. 船舶；容器，器皿；血管69. vertical a. 垂直的70. oblige v. 迫使，责成；使感激71. obscure a. 阴暗，模糊72. extent n. 程度，范围，大小，限度73. exterior n. 外部，外表 a. 外部的，外表的74. external a. 外部的，外表的，外面的75. petrol n. 汽油76. petroleum n. 石油77. delay vt./n. 推迟，延误，耽搁78. decay vi. 腐烂，腐朽79. decent a. 像样的，体面的80. route n. 路；路线；航线81. ruin v. 毁坏，破坏 n. 毁灭，[pl.]废墟82. sake n. 缘故，理由83. satellite n. 卫星84. scale n. 大小，规模；等级；刻85. temple n. 庙宇86. tedious a. 乏味道，单调的，87. tend vi.易于，趋向88. tendency n.趋向，趋势89. ultimate a. 极端的，最大的，最终的 n. 极端90. undergo v. 经历，遭受91. abundant a. 丰富的，充裕的，大量的92. adopt v. 收养；采用；采纳93. adapt vi. 适应，适合；改编，改写 vt. 使适应94. bachelor n. 学士，学士学位；单身汉95. casual a. 偶然的，碰巧的；临时的；非正式的96. trap n. 陷阱，圈套 v. 设陷阱捕捉97. vacant a. 空的，未占用的98. vacuum n. 真空，真空吸尘器99. oral a. 口头的，口述的，口的100. optics n. （单、复数同形）光学2#专四高频词汇出现频率出现8次credit出现7次 entitle， raise， range出现6次 abandon ，access ，adopt ，charge ，cultivate ，exhaust ，extensive，grant，leak， present， regardless of reserve出现5次 acquire adapt assemble associate attend availableexpandidentical insert intensive involve matter preferablepromoteregulate replace retain split transfer transmissiontransport出现4次 accumulate acknowledge affect arouse assist benefit bringupchange confuse considerable convention crack disposaldissolvedistance effect emergency exaggerate expense fare fault inspite ofincident inform install interval lively pace particularperformprecaution provide rate recognition regular relate reliefrigidscold settle shift specific status stick stretch tendtime-consumedtransform transmit vision出现3次 absence accompany accuse acquaint aggressive aimedalteramaze ambitious amuse appointment approve arise arrangeartificialassume assure attach attribute bare bargain barrier blankburstcancel clumsy come out complete concern conflictconsiderateconsult consume contact continually contract contributecoordinatecost crisis damage decisive declined decrease deliverdemand densedispute edge equipped event exception exchange exhibitexploitexposure feature flexible flow focused follow guaranteeguidehalting harsh hint hollow impression indispensableinevitableinquire insured issue justify lack lead length mannermild missmission mobile mood multiply neglect now that occasionpaymentspeculiar plungepretion press progress proper prospectprovisionput down put up puzzle rank refuse regard register releaseresultretreat reward rise route scope shrink slight smooth specialspotsqueeze strain strike suit tedious unstable urgent vacantviewwitness yield出现过2次absorbed abstract account accurate adequate affairanxietyappeal applicable approachable arrival article assessmentatintervals at length automatically award backs battleBesidesblowing border bored boundary bring about bring around bringoutbuild up But for called off calling for calling in callingoncalling up campaign capacity careful case certain closeddowncombating come along come on come round comes around to comeson tocomes to comes up to comtively compose confinementconsequentlyconsider consistent constant contain content continuouscontrarycopying critical cursed cuts down decorated deliberatedenydepression derive despair desperation Despite diplomaticdirecteddisappeared discarded discipline discouraged dismissaldistressdiverse dot drifting drop dynamic eager echo editioneditorialefficient embraces employ enclose endure enlargingenormousentertained escape even though evidence excessexclamationexclusive excuse expectations expose extent extraextre1.3#部分专四高频词汇详解America n.美利坚合众国，美洲总频率22次。
英语专业四级考试资料
英语专业四级考试资料英语专业四级考试资料英语专业四级的考试内容涵盖英语听、说、读、写四个方面。
以下是店铺收集的考试相关内容，欢迎查看！考试形式为了有效考核学生综合运用各项基本技能的能力,即兼顾考试的科学性客观性,又考虑到考试的可行性以及基础阶段英语水平评估的特点,本考试采用多种考试形式,以保证考试的效度和信度.考试内容综述本考试共有六个部分：听写听力理解完型填空语法与词汇阅读理解写作.整个考试需时130分钟.I.听写(PARTIictation)1.测试要求：(a)能在全面理解内容的基础上逐字逐句写出所听材料，英语专业四级考试。
(b)拼写和标点符号正确无误,错误率不超过8%(c)考试时间15分钟2.测试形式：本部分为主观试题.所听材料共念四遍.第一遍用正常语速朗读,录音语速为每分钟120个单词,让学生听懂材料大意.第二三遍朗读时意群分句和句子之间留出约15秒的空隙,让学生书写.第四遍再用正常语速朗读,让学生检查.3.测试目的：测试学生听力理解能力拼写熟练程度以及正确运用标点符号的能力.4.选材原则：(a)题材广泛文体多样.(b)听写材料难度以不超过大纲规定为准.(c)听写材料长度约150个单词II听力理解(PartIIisteningComprehension)1.测试要求：(a)能听懂英语国家人士关于日常生活和社会生活的谈话,以及中等难度(如TOEFL中的短文)的听力材料.能理解大意,领会说话者的态度感情和真实意图.(b)能听懂相当于VOA正常语速和BBC新闻节目的主要内容(c)能辨别各种英语变体(如美国英语英国英语澳大利亚英语等)(d)考试时间约15分钟2.测试形式：本部分采用多项选择题,分三节：SectionA,SectionB,Section C,共30题.SectionA：Conversations本部分含有若干组对话,每组约为200个单词.每组对话后有若干道题.本部分共有10题.SectionBassages本部分含有若干篇短文,每篇长度约为200个单词.每篇后有若干道题.本部分共有10题SectionC：NewsBroadcast本部分含有若干段VOA或BBC新闻,每段新闻后有若干道题.本部分共有10题.本部分后有5秒的间隙,要求学生从所给的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案.录音语速为每分钟约120个单词,念一遍.3.测试目的：测试学生获得口头信息的能力.4.选材原则：(a)对话和短文中的部分内容与日常生活和学习活动相关.(b)VOA和BBC新闻材料为学生所熟悉的一般新闻报道短评或讲话等.(c)听写材料中所出现的词语原则上不超出大纲规定的范围.III完型填空(PartIII：Cloze)1.测试要求：(a)能在全面理解所给短文内容的基础上,选择一个最佳答案使短文意思和结构恢复完整.(b)考试时间15分钟2.测试形式：本部分采用多项选择题.在一篇约250个单词题材熟练难度中等的短文中留出20个空缺.每个空缺为一题,每题有四个选项.填空的词涉及语法和词汇.3.测试目的：测试学生的综合知识和能力IV.语法与词汇.(PartIV：GrammarandVocabulary)1.测试要求：(a)把握并能运用大纲规定的一至四级语法内容.(b)把握大纲规定的基础阶段认知词汇(5500-6000),并且能正确熟练地运用其中的3000-4000个单词及其最基本的搭配(c)考试时间15分钟2.测试形式：本部分采用多项选择题.共30道题,每题有四个选项.题目中约50%为词汇词组和短语用法题,其余为语法结构题.3.测试目的：测试学生把握词汇短语及基本语法概念的熟练程度.V.阅读理解(PartV：ReadingComprehension)1.测试要求：(a)能读懂英美国家出版的中等难度的文章和材料.(b)能读懂难度相当于美国Newsweek的国际新闻报道.(c)能读懂难度相当于SonsandLovers的文学原著(d)能把握所读材料的主旨大意,了解说明主旨大意的事实和细节；既理解字面意思,又能根据所读材料进行判定和推理；既能理解个别句子的意义,也理解上下文的逻辑关系.(e)能在阅读中根据需要自觉调整阅读速度和阅读技巧.(f)考试时间25分钟2.测试形式：本部分采用多项选择题,由数篇阅读材料组成.阅读材料共长1800个单词左右.每篇材料后有若干道题.学生应根据所读材料内容,从每道题的四个选项中选出一个最佳的答案.共20道题,3.测试目的：本部分测试学生通过阅读获取有关信息的能力,考核学生把握相关阅读策略和技巧的程度.既要求正确性,也要求一定的速度.阅读速度为每分钟120个单词.4.选材原则：(a)题材广泛,包括社会科技文化经济日常知识人物传记等.(b)文体多样,包括记叙文描写文说明文议论文广告说明书图表等.(c)阅读材料的难度中等,关键词汇基本上不超出大纲规定的范围.VI.写作(PartVI：Writing)1.测试要求：(a)作文：能根据所给的作文题目提纲或图表数据等,写一篇200个单词左右的作文.能做到内容切题完整,条理清楚,结构严谨,语法正确,通顺,表达得体.考试时间35分钟.(b)便条：能根据所给提示写50至60个单词的便条通知请贴等.能做到格式正确,得体.考试时间10分钟.2.测试形式：本部分分为主观试题,分两节：SectionA和SectionB.SectionA：Composition本题是命题作文,文章文体主要属于说明文议论文或记叙文的范围SectionB：Note-Writing本节是写便条.3.测试目的：按照大纲的要求测试学生书面表达的能力.答题和计分作文和听写做在规定的主观题答题卷上.多项选择题的答案写在客观题答题卷上.凡是写在试题册上的一律无效,予以作废.试卷各部分采用记权方式折算成百分制.以60分为及格标准.作文和听写做在规定的主观题答题卷上.多项选择题的答案写在客观题答题卷上.凡是写在试题册上的一律无效,予以作废.试卷各部分采用记权方式折算成百分制.以60分为及格标准.全国英语专业四级口语考试仍然采用录音口试，将于笔试一周后举行，大学英语《英语专业四级考试》。
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英语专业四级考前快速复习语法词汇集体名词作主语主谓一致1)通常作复数的集体名词集体名词，如：police, people, cattle, militia, poultry等，通常作复数，用复数动词。
如：Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides.2)通常作不可数名词的集体名词有些集体名词，如foliage, machinery, equipment, furniture, merchandise,通常作不可数名词，随后的动词用单数。
例如：All the machinery in the factory is made in China.3)既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词集体名词，如audience, committee, class, crew, family, public, government等，既可作单数，也可作复数用。
The city council is meeting to set its agenda.4) a committee, etc. of +复数名词如果主语是由“a committee of /a panel of /a board of +复数名词”构成，随后的动词通常用单数。
例如： A committee of five men and three women is to consider the matter.近义词辨析tired, exhausted, fatigued, weary, worn-out这组词均含有“疲惫的”的意思。
tired可指因体力或脑力消耗太多而需要休息，还可指因长期做某事而失去兴趣。
Henry was so tired that he went to bed immediately after he got home.亨利很疲惫，一到家就上床睡觉去了。
exhausted 表达的疲惫程度最强，指因劳累过度而精疲力竭。
The exhausted engineer fell asleep on the bus.精疲力竭的工程师在公共汽车上睡着了。
fatigued 所表达的疲劳程度比tired和weary强，表示由于过度劳累而引起疲乏，不能再继续下去。
He felt fatigued and didn’t want to say a single word.他疲惫不堪，不想说一句话。
weary 语气比tired强，指由于长时间努力工作或由于做单一的事而引起疲倦。
After a long and weary wait, the plane finally came to take them back.经过漫长而又令人疲乏的等待后，飞机终于来接他们回去了。
worn out 这个词不太正式，多用于口语。
The troops were worn out after winning the battle.战后,部队疲惫不堪。
Test Two关于used to的意义和用法used to (只有过去时形式，没有现在时形式)表示过去习惯动作或状态，这种情况现已不复存在。
例如：He used to smoke a lot, but he has long given up smoking.在否定陈述句或否定疑问句中，用didn’t use to或usedn’t to 均可：He didn’t use to smoke cigarettes.He usedn’t to smoke cigarettes.Didn’t Maria use to be interested in the theatre?Usedn’t Maria to be interested in the theatre?在肯定疑问句中也可有两种形式：Used you to go to the same school as Edward?Did you use to go to the same school as Edward?近义词辨析use, apply, avail, employ, utilize这组词均含有“使用”或“利用”之意。
use强调利用人或物作为工具。
He used up all his resources in experimenting with the new paint.他为实验新的涂料，花光了一切钱财。
Apply 指把某物或某种方法、原理等加以应用。
We should not only know the theory but also know how to apply it to practice.我们不仅要知道理论，还要知道怎样把理论应用于实践。
avail指使用就近的或他人给予的东西，或使别人为自己提供服务。
I don’t think complaints will avail you much.我觉得抱怨对你没多大用处。
We avail ourselves of every opportunity to speak English.我们利用一切机会讲英语。
employ指使用未被利用的东西；用于人时表示雇用。
He doesn’t know how to employ his energy and time.他不知道该怎么利用他的精力和时间。
utilize指充分发挥某物的作用，使无用的东西变有用，或使人或物有新用途。
She hopes to utilize her artistic talents in the job.她希望在工作中发挥她的艺术才能。
Test Three关于dare的意义和用法作为情态动词表示“胆敢”，dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。
例如：I dare not go there.How dare he say such rude things about me?dare作为情态助动词没有过去式形式，其否定式为daren’t，既可指现在时间，也可指过去时间。
例如：Tom wanted to come, but he daren’t.dare还可用主动词，随后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。
例如：He does not dare (to) answer.Does she dare (to) go there alone?近义词辨析besides, but, except, except for这组词均含有“除…外”的意思。
besides “除…外，还有…”，指更进一步的拥有，包括所“除”事物在内。
Have you got any clothes besides these?除了这些衣服你还有别的吗?but不包括所引事物在内，多与nothing, not anything, nobody, nowhere, all, anybody等连用He has nobody but himself to blame for that.那件事他没法指责别人，只能怪他自己。
except不包括所引事物。
常与no, none, nothing等否定词或all, everyone, everything等连用，但不可用于句首。
They all went to the Summer Palace except one.除一人之外他们都去了颐和园。
except for常指除去所引情况让人稍感遗憾之外，整体情况尚属理想，被除去的事物与正在谈及的事物之间不具有共同属性或性质。
The roads were clear except for a few cars.除几辆小汽车外，路面很空旷。
关系代词that的用法1)在既指人又指事物的两个或两个以上的先行词后面。
例如：They are talking about the people and countries that they had visited.2)在限制性定语从句中有形容词最高级的先行词后面。
例如：He is the best student that I have ever met.3)在以“It is...”,“It was...”等开头的强调句中，和相应的疑问句中。
如：What is it that he wants?4)在only, all, little的后面This is all that I know.5)在no, every, some和any等词后面，也包括在它们的复合词在内。
如：There is no person that is always in the right.Is there anything that I can do for you?近义词辨析beautiful, good-looking, handsome, lovely, pretty这组词均含有“美丽”、“漂亮”、“可爱”的意思。
Beautiful指能不仅给人带来感官上的快乐，而且通过感官产生思想和灵魂的愉悦，在同类词中层次最高。
She was even more beautiful than I had remembered.她比我记忆中的她更漂亮了。
good-looking 不如handsome, pretty意思强烈，指一般的“好看”或“悦目”。
That good-looking young man visited the house once or twice a week.那个长相不错的年轻人一星期光顾一两次。
handsome 通常是一种客观的不带感情色彩的评价。
一个人如被形容为handsome,是指此人外貌符合观察者的要求，但不激发更深层的感受。
He looked very handsome in his dark suit.他穿深色西装显得非常英俊。
lovely比感官的快乐更进一步，是强调纯粹情感上的愉悦，指觉得某人或某物“可爱”。
Mary has two lovely daughters.玛丽有两个可爱的女儿。
pretty也是“漂亮、可爱”的意思。
很少形容大而有影响力的事物，多形容事物不以其优秀、完美而以小巧、优雅、精致见长，使人容易接受并喜爱。
Her boyfriend believes that she is the prettiest girl in the town.她男朋友觉得她是镇上最漂亮的女孩。
Test Fivebe+不定式结构表示按计划、安排即将发生的动作。
例如：There’s to be an investigation.I am to have tea with Betty this afternoon.这一结构常见于报纸和广播，用以宣布官方的计划或决定。
例如：The Queen is to visit Japan next year.二是表示命令、禁止或可能性等。