GM 1962 - B Rev. Nov 6 2001-YYY

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国家代码

Country Country Cod IDP NDP ISO-3166记录Afghanistan9300AFAlbania35500ALAlgeria21300~7DZ Wait for second dial toneAmerican Samoa6840N/A ASAndorra3760N/A ADAngola24400AOAnguilla1-264*111AI* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla Antarctica672N/A N/A AQAntigua1-268*111AG* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla Argentina5400ARArmenia37408AMAruba2970N/A AWAscension Island2471N/AAustralia610011 (Voice0AUAustria4300ATAzerbaijan9948108AZBahamas1-242*111BS* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla Bahrain9730N/A BHBangladesh88000BDBarbados1-246*111BB* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla Barbuda1-268*111BY* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla Belarus3758~108BE Wait for second dial tone between the 8 Belgium320None requir BZBelize50100BJBenin2290N/A BMBermuda1-441*111BT* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla Bhutan9750N/A BOBolivia59100BABosnia & Herzogov38700BWBotswana2670BVBrazil550021 (Embra021_(Embrat BR1-284*111IO* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla British Virgin IsBrunei67300BNBulgaria35900BGBurkina Faso2260N/A BFBurundi25790N/A BICambodia85500KHCameroon2370N/A CMCanada1111CACape Verde Island2380N/A CVCayman Islands1-345*111KY* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla Central African R23619N/A CFChad23515N/A TDChatham Island (N640N/A NZChile5600CLChina (PRC)8600CNChristmas Island6100CXCocos-Keeling Isl61110CCColombia57009 (Teleco9COComoros26910N/A KMCongo2420N/A CGCongo, Dem. Rep. 2430N/A CKCook Islands68200CRCosta Rica5060N/A CICroatia38500HRCuba531190CUCuba (Guantanamo 539900CUCura?ao5990N/ACyprus35700CYCzech Republic42000,052 (dis0CZDenmark450N/A DKDiego Garcia2460N/ADjibouti2530N/A DJDominica1-767*111DM* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla 1-809*111DO* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla Dominican RepubliEast Timor6700N/A TPEaster Island560N/AEcuador59300ECEgypt2000EGEl Salvador5030,144+0 Tel N/A SVEMSAT (Mobile Sat88213N/A N/AEquatorial Guinea2400N/A GQEritrea29100EREstonia37200EEEthiopia25100ETFaeroe Islands2989N/A FKFalkland Islands5000N/A FOFiji Islands6795N/A FJFinland35800,990,994,0FIFrance3300 (France 0FRFrench Antilles5960N/A FXFrench Guiana5940N/A GFFrench Polynesia6890N/A PFGabon2410N/A TFGambia2200N/A GAGeorgia9958~108GM Wait for second dial tone between the 8 Germany4900GEGhana2330N/A DEGibraltar3500N/A GHGlobal Mobile Sat881N/A N/A GIGreece3000GRGreenland2999N/A GLGrenada1-473*111GD* Part of theNoth America Numbering plaGuadeloupe5900N/A GPGuam1-671*111GU* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla Guantanamo Bay539900GTGuatemala50200,130+00 T0GNGuinea-Bissau2450N/A GWGuinea (PRP)22400GYGuyana59210HTHaiti50900HMHonduras50400HNHong Kong852001--HKCWT None requir HKHungary3606HUIceland35400ISIndia9100INIndonesia6210080IDInmarsat (Atlanti8710N/AInmarsat (Atlanti8740N/AInmarsat (Indian 8730N/AInmarsat (Pacific8720N/AInmarsat SNAC870N/A N/AIran9800IRIraq96400IQIreland35300IEIridium88168817N/A N/AIsrael97200 (default0ILItaly390None requir ITIvory Coast (C?te22500Jamaica1-876*111JM* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla Japan81001 (KDD),00JPJordan96200JOKazakhstan78~108KZ Wait for second dial tone between the 8 Kenya25400KEKiribati68600KIKorea (North)85000KPKorea (South)8210020,082KRKuwait96500KWKyrgyz Republic9968~108KG Wait for second dial tone between the 8 Laos856140LALatvia37108LVLebanon96100LBLesotho26600LSLiberia231022LRLibya21800LYLiechtenstein4230None requir LILithuania3708~108LT Wait for second dial tone between the 8 Luxembourg3520None requir LUMacau85300MOMacedonia (former38900MKMadagascar26100MGMalawi265101N/A MWMalaysia6000MYMaldives96000MVMali Republic22300MLMalta35600MTMarshall Islands692111MHMartinique59600MQMauritania22200MRMauritius23000MUMayotte Island26910N/A YTMexico5201MXMicronesia, (Fede691111FMMidway Island80800Moldova3738~108MDMonaco37700MCMongolia97600MNMontserrat1-664*111MS* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla Morocco21200~N/A MA Wait for second dial toneMozambique25800MZMyanmar950N/A MMNamibia26490NANauru67400NRNepal97700NPNetherlands3100NLNetherlands Antil59900ANNevis1-869*111KN* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla New Caledonia68700NCNew Zealand6400NZNicaragua50500NINiger22700NENigeria23490NGNiue68300NUNorfolk Island6720None requir NF1-670*111MP* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla Northern MarianasNorway470None requir NOOman96800OMPakistan9200PKPalau68011N/A PWPalestine97000PSPanama50700PAPapua New Guinea6755N/A PGParaguay59500PYPeru5100PEPhilippines6300PHPoland480~00PL Wait for second dial tone between the f Portugal35100,882 Rubi None requir PTPuerto Rico1-787*111PR* Part of theNoth America Numbering plaQatar97400QARéunion Island26200RERomania4000RORussia78~108~RU Wait for second dial tone between the 8Rwanda25000RWSt. Helena2901N/A SHSt. Kitts/Nevis1-869*111KN* Part of theNoth America Numbering plaSt. Lucia1-758*111LC* Part of theNoth America Numbering plaSt. Pierre & Miqu50800PM1-784*111VC* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla St. Vincent & GreSan Marino37800SMS?o Tomé and Prin23900STSaudi Arabia96600SASenegal22100SNSerbia381990Seychelles Island24800SCSierra Leone23200SLSingapore65001-Singtel None requir SGSlovak Republic42100SKSlovenia38600SISolomon Islands6770N/A SBSomalia25219N/A SOSouth Africa2790ZASpain340None requir ESSri Lanka9400LKSudan24900SDSuriname5970N/A SRSwaziland2680N/A SZSweden4600SESwitzerland4100CHSyria96300SYTaiwan8862TWTajikistan9928~108TJ Wait for second dial tone between the 8Tanzania25500TZThailand66001 (to cal0THThuraya (Mobile S88216N/A N/ATogo2280N/A TGTokelau6900N/A TKTonga Islands6760N/A TO1-868*111TT* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla Trinidad & TobagoTunisia21600TNTurkey9000TRTurkmenistan9938~108TM Wait for second dial tone between the 81-649*111TC* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla Turks and CaicosTuvalu6880N/A TVUganda25600UGUkraine3808~108UA Wait for second dial tone between the 8 United Arab Emira9710AEUnited Kingdom4400GBUnited States of 1111US1-340*111VI* Part of theNoth America Numbering pla US Virgin IslandsUniversal Persona878N/A N/AUruguay59800UYUzbekistan9988~108UZ Wait for second dial tone between the 8 Vanuatu6780N/A VUVatican City390N/A VAVenezuela5800VEVietnam8400VNWake Island8080N/AWallis and Futuna68119~N/A WF Wait for second dial toneWestern Samoa6850N/A WSYemen96700YEYugoslavia381990YUZambia26000ZRZanzibar25500ZMZimbabwe26300ZWa Numbering planAmerica Numbering planAmerica Numbering planAmerica Numbering planAmerica Numbering planial tone between the 8 and the 10 America Numbering planAmerica Numbering planAmerica Numbering plana Numbering planAmerica Numbering planial tone between the 8 and the 10 America Numbering plana Numbering planAmerica Numbering planial tone between the 8 and the 10 ial tone between the 8 and the 10 ial tone between the 8 and the 10a Numbering planAmerica Numbering planAmerica Numbering planial tone between the first and second 0America Numbering planial tone between the 8 and the 10 America Numbering planAmerica Numbering planAmerica Numbering planial tone between the 8 and the 10America Numbering planial tone between the 8 and the 10 America Numbering planial tone between the 8 and the 10 America Numbering planial tone between the 8 and the 10。

全系列徕卡相机编号查询(1923年

全系列徕卡相机编号查询(1923年Leica 机身序列号(100~181000)序列号型号生产日期100-122 Leica 0 1923123-130 Prototypes 1924131-1000 I, Model A 19251001-2445 I, Model A 19262446-5433 I, Model A 26-275434-5700 I, Model A 19285701-6280 Dial Compur Model. B 26-296281-13099 I, Model A 192813100-13153 Dial Compur Model.B 28-2913154-13159 Dial Compur Model. B 192813160-13163 Dial Compur Model. B 192813164-13300 Ring Compur Model. B 192813301-13373 I, Model A 192913374 Ring Compur Model. B 192913375-21478 I, Model A 192921479-21810 Ring Compur Model. B 29-3021811-28691 I, Model A 192928692-28700 Luxus Model A 192928701-34550 I, Model A 29-3034551-34802 Ring Compur Model. B 1930 34803-34818 Luxus Model A 193034819-37133 I, Model A 193037134-37138 Luxus Model A 193037139-37250 I, Model A 193037251 Luxus Model A 193037252 I, Model A 193037253-37Z62 Luxus Model A 193037263-37264 I, Model A 193037265-37268 Luxus Model A 193037269 I, Model A 193037270-37272 Luxus Model A 193037273 I, Model A 193037274-37279 Luxus Modelef A 1930 37280-37281 I, Model. C, non-stand. 1930 37282 Luxus Model 193037283-37315 I, Model. C, non-stand. 1930 37316 I, Model A 193037317-37349 I, Model. C, non-stand. 1930 37350 I, Model A 193037351-37383 I, Model. C, non-stand. 1930 37384 I, Model A 193037385-37426 I, Model. C,non-stand. 1930 37427 I, Model A 193037428-37454 I, Model. C, non-stand. 1930 37455 l, Model A 193037456-37468 I, Model. C.non-stand. 1930 37469-38631 I, Model A 193038632 Luxus Model C 193038633-38640 I,Model A 193038641-38642 Luxus Modelet C 1930 38643-39880 I, Model A 193039881-48400 I, Model. A, non-stand. 1930 48401 Luxus Model A 193048402-48403 Luxus Model C 193048404 Luxus w/Hektor 193048406-48407 Luxus Model C 193048408 Luxus Model A 193048409-48415 Luxus Model C 193048417-43419 Luxus Model C 193148420-48441 Luxus Model C 30.,3148451-50535 I, Model. A, non-stand. 30-31 50536-50589 Ring Compur Model. B 30-32 50591-50597 Ring Compur Model. B 30-4150599-50623 Ring Compur Model. B 30-41 50628-50635 Ring Compur Model. B 31-41 50637-50644 Ring Compur Model. B 38-44 50646 Ring Compur Model. B 194150650-50670 Ring Compur Model. B 30-41 50673 Ring Compur Model. B 193150676-50685 Ring Compur Model. B 1931 50696 Ring Compur Model. B 193150702-50703 Ring Compur Model. B 1931 50707-50709 Ring Compur Model. B 1931 50711 Ring Compur Model. B 193150712-50719 I, Model A 193150721 I, Model. C, non-stand. 193050722-50728 I, Model A 193150729 I, Model. C, non-stand. 193050730-50744 I, Model A 193050745-55403 I, Model. A, non-stand. 30-31 55404-55406 I, Model. C.stand. 1931 55407-55413 I, Model A 193155414-55431 I, Model. C, stand. 1931 55450 I, Model A 193155451-55496 I, Model. C, stand. 193155497-55695 I, Model. A, or stand. 1931 55696 Luxus w/ Hektor 193155697-68600 I, Model. A, or stand. 1931 68601 Luxus Model C 193168602-68833 I, Model. A, or stand. 1931 68834 Luxus Model C 193168835-71199 I, Model. A, or stand. 31-35 71200-101000 II, Model D 1.2.32101001-106000 Standard,Model.E 21.10.32 106001-107600 II, Model D 1933107601-107757 III, Model F 1934107758-108650 II, Model D 1934108651-108700 III, Model F 1933108701-109000 II, Model D 1933109001-111550 III, Model F 1933111551-111580 II, Model. D, chrorne 1933 111581-112000 III, Model F 1933112001-112500 II, Model. D, chrome 1933 112501-114000 III, Model F 1934114001-114050 Standard (E), chrome 1933 114051-114052 Reporter,prototypes 1933 114053-114400 III, Model F 1934114401-115300 II, Model. D,chrome 1933 115301-115650 III, Model F 1934115651-115900 II, Model. D, chrome 1934 115901-116000 Standard (E), chrome 1934 116001-123000 lII, chrome 1933123001-123580 Standard, Model. E 1934 123581-124800 lII, chrome 1933124801-126200 II, chrome 24.11.33 126201-126800 III, Model F .126801-130000 III, Model F 1934130001-130020 Reporter FF 1934130021-135600 III, Model F 1934135601-135650 Reporter FF 1934135651-137000 III, Model F 1934137001-137050 ReporterFF 1934137051-137400 III, Model F 1934137401-137625 Standard, Model. E 1934 137626-138700 III, chrome 1934138701-138950 Standard (E) chrome 1934 138951-139900 III, chrome 1934139901-139950 Standard, Model. E 1934 139951-140000 II, Model D 1934140001-141500 III, chrome 1934141501-141850 Standard,Model. E 1934 141851-141900 II, Model D 1934141901-142250 III, chrome 1934141251-142350 II, Model D 1934142351-142500 III, Model F 1934 142501-142700 Standard, Model. E 1934 142701-143425 III, Model F 1934 143426-143750 II, Model. D, chrome 1934 143751-143900 Standard 1934143901-144200 III, Model F 1934 144201-144400 II, Model D 1934144401-144500 Standard, Model. E 1934 144501-145600 III, Model F 1934 145601-145800 Standard,Model;E 1934 145801-146200 III, Model F 1934 146201-146375 II, Model D 1934146376-146675 III, Modele1F 1934 146676-146775 II, Model D, 1934 146776-147000 III, Model F 1934 147001-147075 Standard, Model. E 1934 147076-147175 II, Model D 1934147176-147875 Standard (E), chrome 1934 147876-148025 II, Model. D, chrome 1934 148026-148850 III, chrorne 1934148851-148950 II, Model. D, chrome 1934 148951-149350 III,chrome 1935149351-149450 Standard (E), chrome 34-35 149451-149550 II, Model. D, chrome 34-35 149551-150000 I, chrorne 1935150001-150124 Reporter FF 34-35150125-150200 Reporter GG 35-36 150201-150850 III, chrome 34-35150851-151100 Standard, Model.E 1935 151101-151225 III, Model F 1935151226-151300 II, Model D 1935151301-152500 III, Model F 1935152501-152600 Standard (E), chrome 1935 152601-153175 III, chrome 1935152176-153225 II, Modeln D 1935153226-153550 III, Model F 1935153551-153700 II, Model D 1935153701-154150 III, Model F 1935154151-154200 II, Model D 1935154201-154800 III, Model F 1935154501-154900 Standard (E), chrome 1935 154901-156200 III, Model F 1935156201-156850 llla, Model G 1935 150851-157250 III, Model F 1935157251-157400 II, Model D 1935157401-158300 llla,Model G 1935 158301-158350 Standard 1935158351-158400 II, Model D 1935158401-158650 llla, Model G 1935 168651-159000 III, Model F 1935159001-159200 llla, Model G 1935 159201-159350 Standard 1935159351-159550 III, Model F 1935159551-159625 IIIa, Model G 1935 159626-159675 III, Model F 1935159676-160325 llla, Model G 1935 160326-160375 III, Model F 1935l60376-160450 llla, Model G 1935 160451-160700 II, Model D 1935160701-161150 Standard 1935161151-161450 II, Model D 1935161450-161550 llla, Model G 1935 161551-161600 III, Model F 1935 161601-161800 llla, Model G 1935 161801-161950 III, chrome 1935 161951-162100 IIIa, Model G 1935 162101-162175 III,Model F 1935 162176-162350 llla,Model G 1935 162351-162400 III,Model F 1935 162401-162500 llla,Model G 1935 162501-162625 III,Model F 1935 162626-162675 llla,Model G 1935 162676-162750 III,Model F 1935 162751-162800 llla,Modele1 G 1935 162801-162825 III,Model F 1935 162826-162925 IIIa,Model G 1935 162926-162975 III,Model F 1935 162976-163050 llla,Model G 1935 163051-163100 III,Model F 1935 163101-163225 IIIa,Model G 1935 163226-163250 III,Model F 1935 163251-163400 llla,Model G 1935 163401-163450 Standard 1935163451-163550 llla,Modele1 G 1935 163551-163775 III,Model F 1935 163776-163950 llla,Model G 1935 163951-164150 Standard 1935 164151-164275 llla,ModelaI G 1935 164276-164675 III,Model F 1935 164676-164900 llla,Model G 1935 164901-165700 II,Model D 1935 165001-165100 III,Model F 1935 165101-165300 II,Model D 1935 165301-165500 Standard 1935 165501-165975 III,Model F 1935 165976-166075 llla, Model G 1935 166076-166600 III,Model F 1935 166601-166750 llla,Model G 1935 166751-166900 III,Model F 1935 166901-167050 llla,Model G 1935 167051-167175 III,Model F 1935 167176-I67200 llla,Model G 1935 167201-167225 III,Model F 1935 167226-167700 llla,Model G 1935 167701-167750 III,Model F 1935167751-168000 Standard 1975 168001-168200 II,Model D 1935 168201-168250 III,Model F 1935 168251-168325 llla,Model G 1935 168326-168400 III,Model F 1935 168401-168500 III,Model G 1935 168501-168600 III,Model F 1935 168601-168725 llla,Model G 1935 168726-168750 III,Model F 1935 168751-168850 llla,Model G 1935 168851-169000 Standard 1935 169001-169200 III,Model F 1935 169201-169350 Standard 1935 169351-169450 II,Model D 1935 169451-169550 III,Model F 1935 169551-169650 II,Model D 1935 169651-170150 llla,Model G 1935 170151-170500 III,Model F 1935 170501-171300 llla,Model G 1935 171301-171550 II,Modele1 D 1935 I71551-171900 Standard 1935 171901-172250 llla,Model G 1935172301-172350 llla,Model G 1935 172351-172670 III,Model F 1935 172601-172800 II,Model D 1935 172801-173000 Standard 1935 173001-173125 llla,Model G 1935 173126-173176 III,Model F 1935 173177-173425 llla,Model G 1935 173426-173475 III,Model F 1935 173476-173500 llla,Modele1 G 1935 173501-173650 Standard 1935 173651-173675 llla,Model G 1935 173676-173725 III,Model F 1935 173726-173825 llla,Model G 1935 173826-173900 III,Model F 1935 173901-174025 llla,Model G 1935 174026-174075 III,Model F 1935 174076-174100 llla,Model G 1935 174101-174125 III,Model F 1935 174126-174150 llla,Model G 1935 174151-174400 III,Model F 1935 174401-174650 II,Model D 1935174676-174750 III,Model F 1935 174751-174950 IIIa, Model G 1935 174951-175125 III,Model F 1935 175126-175200 IIIa,Model G 1935 175201-175350 III,Model F 1935 175351-175450 IIIa,Model G 1935 175451-175500 III,Model F 1935 175501-175700 Standard 1935 175701-175750 III,Model F 1935 175751-175850 IIIa,Model G 1935 175851-175900 III,Model F 1935 175901-176100 llla,Model G 1935 176101-176150 III,Model F 1935 176151-176250 IIIa,Model G 1935 176251-176300 III,Model F 1935 176301-176600 llla,Model G 1935 176601-177000 III,Model F 1935 177001-177400 llla,Modela 1935 177401-177550 III,Model F 1935 177551-177600 llla,Model G 1935 177601-177700 III,Model F 1935177701-177800 Standard 1935177801-177900 llla,Mddel G 1935177901-178000 III,Model F 1935178001-178100 llla,Model G 1935178171-178250 III,Model F 1935178251-178550 llla,Model G 1935178551-178600 III,Model F 1935178601-179200 llla,Model G 1935179201-179250 III,Model F 1935179251-179500 llla,Model G 1935179501-179575 II,Model D 1935179576-179800 Standard 1935179801-179900 II,Model D 1935179901-180100 llla,Model G 1935Leica 机身序列号(181001~261600)序列号型号生产日期181001-181450 IIIa, Model G 1935181451-181550 III, Model F 1935181551-181600 IIIa, Model G 1935181601-181700 III, Model F 1935181701-182000 IIIa, Model G 1935182001-182050 III, Model F 1935182301-182350 III, Model F 1935 182351-182500 IIIa, Model G 1935 182501-182700 Standard 1935 182701-182850 II, Model D 1935 182851-183500 lIIa,Model G 1935 183501-183600 II, Model D 1935 183601-183750 Standard 35-36 183751-184400 lIIa,Model G 1936 184401-184450 III, Model F 1936 184451-184700 IIIa, Model G 1936 184701-184750 III, Model F 1936 184751-184800 IIIa, Model G 1936 184801-184950 III, Model F 1936 184951-185200 IIIa, Model G 1936 185201-185350 III, Model F 1936 185351-185500 II, Model D 1936 185501-185650 Standard 1936 185651-185700 III, Model F 1936 185701-185800 Standard 1936 185801-186100 IIIa, Model G 1936 186101-186200 III, Model F 1936186501-186550 III, Model F 1936 186551-186800 IIIa, Model G 1936 186810-186900 III, Model F 1936 186901-186950 IIIa, Model G 1936 186951-187000 III, Model F 1936 187001-187100 IIIa, Model G 1936 187101-187200 III, Model F 1936 187201-187400 IIIa, Model G 1936 187401-187500 III, Model F 1936 187501-187650 II, Model D 1936 187651-187775 III, Model F 1936 187776-187785 IIIa, Model G 1936 187786-187850 III, Model F 1936 187851-188100 IIla, Model G 1936 188101-188300 III, Model F 1936 188301-188600 Standard 1936 188601-188750 II, Model D 1936 188751-189300 IIIa, Model G 1936 189301-189475 III, Model F 1936 189476-189800 IIIa, Model G 1936 189801-189900 iii, Model F 1936190201-190500 III, Model F 1936 190501-190700 IIIa, Model G 1936 190701-190900 III, Model F 1936 190901-191100 IIIa, Model G 1936 191101-191200 III, Model F 1936 191200-191300 II, Model D 1936 191301-191350 IIIa, Model G 1936 191351-191500 III, Model F 1936 191501-191650 II, Model D 1936 191651-191750 Standard. 1936 191751-191850 III, Model F 1936 191851-192100 IIIa,Model G 1936 192101-192400 III, Model F 1936 192401-192500 IIIa, Model G 1936 192501-192800 III, Model F 1936 192801-192950 II, Model D 1936 192951-193200 IIla,Model G 1936 193201-193450 Standard 1936 193451-193500 IIIa, Model G 1936 193501-193600 III, Model F 1936 193601-194300 IIIa, Model G 1936194651-194850 II, Model D 1936 194851-194950 Standard 1936 194951-196200 IIIa, Model G 1936 196201-196300 III, Model F 1936 196301-196400 IIla,Model G 1936 196401-196550 II, Model D 1936 196551-196750 Standard 1936 196751-197400 IIIIa, Model G 1936 197401-197500 Standard 1936 197501-197550 IIIa, Model G 1936 197551-197800 III, Model F 1936 197801-198200 IIIa, Model G 1936 198201-198400 III, Model F 1936 198401-198800 lIIa,Model G 1936 198801-198900 III, Model F 1936 198901-199200 IIIla, Model G 1936 199201-199300 III, Model F 1936 199301-199500 IIIa, Model G 1936 199501-199600 III, Model F 1936 199601-199800 II, Model D 1936 199801-200100 IIla,Model G 1936200201-200500 IIIa, Model G 1936 200501-200650 II, Model D 1936 200651-200750 Standard 1936 200751-201100 III, Model F 1936 201101-201200 III, Model F 1936 201201-201300 IIIa, Model G 1936 201301-201400 III, Model F 1936 201401-201600l IIIa, Model G 1936 201601-201700 Standard 1936 201701-202300 IIIa, Model G 1936 202301-202450 II, Model D 1936 202451-202600 IIIa, Model G 1936 202601-202700 III, Model F 1936 202701-202800 IIIa, Model G 1936 202801-202900 II, Model D 1936 202901-203100 IIIa, Model G 1936 203101-203300 III, Model F 1936 203301-203400 Standard 1936 203401-204100 IIIa,Model G 1936 204101-204200 III, Model F 1936 204201-204300 IIIa, Model G 1936204501-204600 III, Model F 1936 204601-204800 IIIa, Model G 1936 204801-205000 III, Model F 1936 205001-205100 IIIa, Model G 1936 205101-205300 III, Model F 1936 205301-205400 IIIa, Model G 1936 205401-205500 II, Model D 1936 205501-205700 Standard 1936 205701-207300 IIIa, Model G 1936 207301-207400 II, Model D 1936 207401-207600 Standard! 1936 207601-207800 III, Model F 1936 207801-208000 IIIa, Model G 1936 208001-208300 III, Model F 1936 208301-208600 IIIa, Model G 1936 208601-208800 III, Model F 1936 208801-209000 IIIa, Model G 1936 209001-209600 III, Model F 1936 209601-209900 II, Model D 1936 209901-210100 llla,Model G 1936 210101-210200 III, Model F 1936210401-210900 Standard 1936 210901-211000 iii, Model F 1936 211001-211600 IIIa, Model G 1936 211601-211700 III, Model F 1936 211701-211800 IIIa, Model G 1936 211800-211900 II,ModelD 1936 211901-212400 IIIa, Model G 1936 212401-212700 Standard 1936 212701-212800 IIIa, Model G 1936 212801-213200 III, Model F 1936 213201-213300 IIIa, Model Gl 1936 213301-213600 Standard 1936 213601-213700 II, Model D 1936 213701-214400 IIIa,Model G 1936 214401-214800 Standard 1936 214801-215300 IIIa, Model G 1936 215301-216000 III, Model F 1936 216001-216300 IIIa, Model G 1936 216301-216500 II, Model D 1936 216501-216800 IIIa, Model G 1936 216801-217000 III, Model F 1936217201-217300 III, Model F 1936 217301-217500 Standard 1936 217501-217700 III, Model F 1937 217701-217900 II, Model D 36-37 217901-218300 IIIa, Model G 36-37 218301-218700 II, Model D 1936 218701-218800 III, Model F 1936 218801-219600 IIIa, Model G 1936 219601-219800 II, Model D 1936 219801-219900 IIIa, Model G 1936 219901-220000 III, Model F 1936 220001-220300 IIIa, Model G 1936 220301-220500 II, Model D 1937 221401-222150 IIIa, Model G 1936 220501-220600 IIIa, Model G 1936 220601-220700 III, Model F 1936 220701-220900 IIla,Model G 1936 220901-221000 III, Model F 1936 221001-221300 IIIa, Model G 1936 221301-221400 III, Model F 1936 222151-222200 III,Model F 1936222301-222700 Standard 1937 222701-223000 II, Model D 1937 223001-223300 III, Model F 1937 223301-223600 IIIa, Model G 1936 223601-223700 III, Model F 1936 223701-224600 IIIa, Modelef G 36-37 224601-224800 Standard 36-37 224801-224900 IIIa, Model G 36.37 224901-225000 III, Model F 36-37 225001-225200 IIIa, Model G 36-37 225201-225300 III, Model F 36-37 225301-225400 IIIa, Model G 36-37 225401-225600 III, Model F 36-37 225601-226300 IIIa, Model G 36-37 226301-226400 III, Model F 36-37 226401-227000 IIIa, Model G 36-37 227001-227050 III, Model F 36-37 227051-227600 IIIa, Model G 36-37 227601-227650 III, Model F 36-37 227651-231500 IIIa, Model G 36-37 231501-231600 III, Model F 36-37231601-231800 IIIa,Model G 36-37 231801-231900 III, Model F 36-37 231901-232200 IIIa, Model G 36-37 232201-232500 III, Model F 36-37 232501-232800 IIla, Model G 36-37 232801-232900 III, Model F 36-37 232901-233400 IIla,Model G 36-37 233401-233500 III, Model F 36-37 233501-233700 Standard 1937 233701-233800 III, Model F 1937 233801-234000 IIIia, Modelet G 1937 234001-234100 II, Model D 1937 234101-234200 III, Model F 1937 234201-234500 IIIa, Model G 1937 234501-234600 III, Model F 1937 234601-235100 IIIa, Model G 1937 235101-235200 III, Model F 1937 235201-235800 IIIa, Modelef G 1937 235801-235875 III, Model F 1937 235876-236200 IIIa, Model G 1937 236201-236300 III, Model F 1937 236301-236500 IIIa, Model G 1937236501-236700 II, Model D 1937 236701-236800 IIIa, Model G 1937 236801-236900 III, Model F 1937 236901-237000 IIIa, Model G 1937 237001-237200 III, Model F 1937 237201-237500 IIIa, Model G 1937 237501-237600 III, Model F 1937 237601-238000 IIIia, Model G 1937 238001-238100 III, Model F 1937 238101-238500 IIIa, Model G 1937 238501-238600 III, Model F 1937 238601-238800 IIIa, Model G 1937 238801-238825 III, Model F 1937 238826-238900 IIIa, Model G 1937 238901-239000 III, Model F 1937 239001-239100 IIIa, Model G 1937 239101-239300 III, Model F 1937 239301-239400 IIIa, Model G 1937 239401-239600 III, Model F 1937 239601-239700 IIIa, ModelefG 1937 239701-239800 III, Model F 1937 239801-240000 Standard 1937241001-241100 IIIa, Model G 37-38 241101-241300 III, Model F 37-38 241301-241500 IIIa, Model G 37-38 241501-241700 II, Model D 37-38 241701-241900 Standard 37-38 241901-242000 II, Model D 37-38 242001-243000 IIlb, Model G 37-38 243001-243400 IIIa, Model G 37-38 243401-243500 III, Model F 37-38 243501-243800 II, Model D 37-38 243801-244100 IIIa, Model G 37-38 244101-244200 III, Model F 37-38 244201-244400 Standard 37-38 244401-244600 III, Model F 37-38 244601-244800 IIIa, Model G 37-38 244801-245000 Standard 37-38 245001-245100 IIIa, Model G 37-38 245101-245300 III, Model F 37-38 245301-246200 IIla,Model G 37-38 246201-246300 III, Model F 37-38 246301-246400 IIIa, Model G 37-38246501-246700 II, Model D 37-38 246701-247500 IIIa, Model G 37-38 247501-247600 II, Model D 37-38 247601-248300 IIIa, Model G 37.38 248301-248400 II, Model D 37-38 248401-248600 Standard 37-38 248601-248900 IIIa, Model G 1937 248901-249000 III, Model F 1937 249001-249200 IIIa, Model G 1937 249201-249400 II, Model D 1937 249401-249500 III, Model F 1937 249501-249700 Standard 1937 249701-249800 IIIa, Model G 1937 248801-249900 III, Model F 1937 249901-250300 IIIa, Model G 1937 250301-250400 III, Model F 1937 250401-251200 IIIa, Model G 1937 251201-251300 II, Model D 1937 251301-251500 Standard 1937 251501-251600 IIIa, Model G 1937 251601-251800 II, Model D 1937252001-252200 II, Model D 1937 252201-252900 IIIa, Model G 1937 252901-253000 III, Model F 1937 253001-253200 IIIa, Model G 1937 253201-253400 III, Model F 1937 253401-253500 IIIa, Model G 1937 253501-253600 III, Model F 1937 253601-253800 Standar 1937 253801-254000 IIIa, Model G 1937 254001-254200 III, Model F 1937 254201-254600 IIIa, Model G 1937 254601-254800 II, Model D 1937 254801-254900 III, Model F 1937 254901-256400 IIIa, Model G 1937 256401-256600 Standard 1937 256601-256800 IIIa, Model G 1937 256801-256900 III, Model F 1937 256901-257400 IIIa, Model G 1937 257401-257525 III, Model F 1937 257526-257600 IIIa, Model G 1937 257601-257800 Standard 1937258201-259500 IIIa, Model G 1937259501-259800 II, Model D 1937259801-259900 Standard 1937259901-260000 lIIa,Model G 1937260001-260100 Reporter GG 1937260101-260200 IIIa, Model G 1937260201-260600 III, Model F 1937260601-260800 IIIa, Model G 1937260801-260900 III, Model F 1937260901-261200 IIIa, Model G 1937261201-261300 III, Model F 1937261301-261500 IIIa, Model G 1937261501-261600 III, Model F 1937Leica 机身序列号(261601~357200)序列号型号生产日期261601-261800 IIIa, Model G 1937261801-262000 Standard 1937262001-262800 IIIa, Model G 1937262801-263000 III, Model F 1937263001-263600 IIIa, Model G 1937263601-263900 II, Model D 1937264001-264800 IIIa, Model G 1937 264801-285000 Standard 1937 265001-266000 IIIb, Model G 1937 266001-266100 IIIa, Model G 1937 266101-266200 III, Model F 1937 266201-266400 IIIa, Model G 1937 266401-266500 III, Model F 1937 266501-266800 II, Model D 1937 266801-266900 IIIa, Model G 1937 266901-267000 III, Model F 1937 267001-267700 IIIa, Model G 1937 267701-267800 III, Model F 1937 267801-267900 IIIa, Model G 1937 267901-268000 Standard 1937 268001-268100 IIIa, Model G 37-38 268101-268200 III, Model F 1938 268201-268400 IIIa, Model G 1937 268401-268500 III, Model F 1938 268501-268700 IIIa, Model G 1938 268701-268800 III, Model F 1938 268801-269300 IIIa, Model G 1938269401-269600 IIIa, Model G 1938 269601-269700 III, Model F 1938 269701-270100 IIIa, Model G 1938 270101-270200 III, Model F 1938 270201-270300 IIIa, Model G 1938 270301-270400 III, Model F 1938 270401-271000 IIIa, Model G 1938 271001-271100 II, Model D 1938 271101-271600 Standard 1938 271601-271700 II, Model D 1938 271701-271800 III, Model F 1938 271801-272300 IIIa, Model G 1938 272301-272400 II, Model D 1938 272401-274800 IIIa, Model G 1938 274801-275200 III, Model F 1938 275201-275350 IIIa, Model G 1938。

德国莱卡相机限量版

徕卡M6+SUMMILUX-M 50/1.4 汶莱国王限量版金机徕卡 M6 TTL产 333台黑色徕卡M6 熊猫版中的纪念版限量125台，SH125周年纪念徕卡M6绿色油漆0.85 TTL全球限量300台徕卡M6 泰王70寿辰纪念黄金套机全球限量700台镜头： 50/2 徕卡 M6 Historica EDITION 50mm F2 限量蓝色套机徕卡 M6+M35/1.4 钛金版全球限量20台徕卡M6 Columbo绿色爱马仕带 50/2镜头，哥伦布500周年限量版莱卡 M6 旁轴胶片相机千禧版龙年限量版徕卡 M6 TTL 0.85 safari 军绿色大盘限量300台 Leica M6 Historica 75周年纪念套机+50/1.4头徕卡M6限量版徕卡金龙M6 1995年纪念套机
徕卡X1赛车版限量68台徕卡 X1 Foto Hobby Rahn鸵鸟皮限量版 600台徕卡 X1辛亥革命限量版数码相机
徕卡M7 Hermes+新款35/1.4 ASPH 限量版 100台徕 M7钛金版（50/1.4ASPH套机）全球限量500台 M7+M50f1.4 辛亥革命100周年限量 M7爱马仕限量版橙色限量版徕卡M7限量全球限量100台
徕卡MP 爱马仕HERMES限量版(35/2) 徕卡 MP LHSA Hammertone徕卡历史学会小锤纹限量版 jp11892 美国历史协会限量版徕卡 MP 建国60周年限量版（50/1.4）徕卡mp日本限量50周年版，炭灰限量
徕卡M8白色限量版含M28f2.8套机 leica m8白色全新徕卡M8.2 中国60周年纪念版限量100台徕卡M8含28/2.8镜头白色限量版套机

镜头科普尼克尔镜头常见代码简介

镜头科普尼克尔镜头常见代码简介作者:来源:it168(北京)时间:2006-9-28 11:32:06由于市场的激烈竞争以及技术的日渐完善，目前数码单反已经越来越普及，拥有它已不再是遥不可及的事情了，不过谈到数码单反就离不开镜头，而不同牌子的产品有着不同的镜头系统，而且各个镜头系统里面又分开了许多不同的系列，面对着如此复杂的镜头群，你是否感到有点迷茫呢？下面，我们就给大家简单的说一下其中比较有名的尼康-尼克尔镜头吧。

诱人的尼克尔镜头特写尼康由1933起开始生产以尼克尔命名的镜头，目前已在世界各地销售了超过二千五百万支镜头。

自1959年尼康的F相机问世以来，F卡口以其稳固的姿态被继承下来。

它以其独特的完全的机械方式，稳步地完成了TTL开放测光，开放光圈值的自动补正，与程序模式的对应，AF的实现等等而进化而来。

尼克尔镜头的惊人之处在于它不但保持其卡口形式的不变，而且通过增设机械性的信号传递机构而丰富其功能。

为此，包含在设计上的变更和镀膜方式的改良，版本的升级在不断进行，即使是同一焦距的镜头也有数种的版本同时存在。

尼克尔镜头名称中的字母ED、IF、AIS、AFS、D、G等有何含义？其中一些名称容易造成混淆。

为了让大家清楚了解，以下我们就将尼克尔镜头上所标识的常见符号所表示的意义简要的归纳一下。

D：Distance 焦点距离数据传递技术代表镜头可回传焦距资讯，作为3D矩阵测光的参考以及TTL闪光灯距离的运算。

所有AF 尼克尔均内置有微型电脑，但D型镜头的微型电脑则拥有更多功能，这些镜头的特别之处是在于它能够提供主体与相机之间的距离的资料给AF尼康相机机身，于是乎使用3D矩阵测光及3D多重感应均衡补充闪光等先进功能得以实现。

1992年随F90上市，这些镜头采用新的电子设计，可为机身的高级测光功能提供焦点距离数据。

距离数据使得机身可以计算闪光指数，从而改善闪光摄影。

对于非闪光拍摄，距离数据对测光影响甚小。

代表镜头：28-105mm f/3.5-4.5D AFG：没有光圈控制环的镜头为尼康F MOUNT接环镜头，但无光圈环设计，光圈调整必须由机身来调整，自从尼康出了取消光圈调节环的G系列的镜头后，发生了根本性的变化，因为这类镜头只能用在AF SLR上，虽然卡口的机械尺寸还是一样，但是G系列镜头用在MF SLR上，就无法调节光圈了。

x86 Assembly Language Reference Manual

x86Assembly Language ReferenceManual Sun Microsystems,Inc.4150Network CircleSanta Clara,CA95054U.S.A.Part No:817–5477–10January2005Copyright2005Sun Microsystems,Inc.4150Network Circle,Santa Clara,CA95054U.S.A.All rights reserved.This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use,copying,distribution,and decompilation.No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of Sun and its licensors,if any. Third-party software,including font technology,is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers.Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems,licensed from the University of California.UNIX is a registered trademark in the U.S. and other countries,exclusively licensed through X/Open Company,Ltd.Sun,Sun Microsystems,the Sun logo,,AnswerBook,AnswerBook2,and Solaris are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems,Inc.in the U.S.and other countries.The OPEN LOOK and Sun™Graphical User Interface was developed by Sun Microsystems,Inc.for its users and licensees.Sun acknowledges the pioneering efforts of Xerox in researching and developing the concept of visual or graphical user interfaces for the computer industry.Sun holds a non-exclusive license from Xerox to the Xerox Graphical User Interface,which license also covers Sun’s licensees who implement OPEN LOOK GUIs and otherwise comply with Sun’s written license agreements.ernment Rights–Commercial ernment users are subject to the Sun Microsystems,Inc.standard license agreement and applicable provisions of the FAR and its supplements.DOCUMENTATION IS PROVIDED“AS IS”AND ALL EXPRESS OR IMPLIED CONDITIONS,REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES, INCLUDING ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY,FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT,ARE DISCLAIMED,EXCEPT TO THE EXTENT THAT SUCH DISCLAIMERS ARE HELD TO BE LEGALLY INVALID.Copyright2005Sun Microsystems,Inc.4150Network Circle,Santa Clara,CA95054U.S.A.Tous droits réservés.Ce produit ou document est protégépar un copyright et distribuéavec des licences qui en restreignent l’utilisation,la copie,la distribution,et ladécompilation.Aucune partie de ce produit ou document ne peutêtre reproduite sous aucune forme,par quelque moyen que ce soit,sansl’autorisation préalable etécrite de Sun et de ses bailleurs de licence,s’il y en a.Le logiciel détenu par des tiers,et qui comprend la technologie relative aux polices de caractères,est protégépar un copyright et licenciépar des fournisseurs de Sun.Des parties de ce produit pourrontêtre dérivées du système Berkeley BSD licenciés par l’Universitéde Californie.UNIX est une marque déposée aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays et licenciée exclusivement par X/Open Company,Ltd.Sun,Sun Microsystems,le logo Sun,,AnswerBook,AnswerBook2,et Solaris sont des marques de fabrique ou des marques déposées,de Sun Microsystems,Inc.aux Etats-Unis et dans d’autres pays.L’interface d’utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et Sun™aétédéveloppée par Sun Microsystems,Inc.pour ses utilisateurs et licenciés.Sun reconnaît les efforts de pionniers de Xerox pour la recherche et le développement du concept des interfaces d’utilisation visuelle ou graphique pour l’industrie de l’informatique.Sun détient une licence non exclusive de Xerox sur l’interface d’utilisation graphique Xerox,cette licence couvrantégalement les licenciés de Sun qui mettent en place l’interface d’utilisation graphique OPEN LOOK et qui en outre se conforment aux licencesécrites de Sun. CETTE PUBLICATION EST FOURNIE“EN L’ETAT”ET AUCUNE GARANTIE,EXPRESSE OU IMPLICITE,N’EST ACCORDEE,Y COMPRIS DES GARANTIES CONCERNANT LA VALEUR MARCHANDE,L’APTITUDE DE LA PUBLICATION A REPONDRE A UNE UTILISATION PARTICULIERE,OU LE FAIT QU’ELLE NE SOIT PAS CONTREFAISANTE DE PRODUIT DE TIERS.CE DENI DE GARANTIE NES’APPLIQUERAIT PAS,DANS LA MESURE OU IL SERAIT TENU JURIDIQUEMENT NUL ET NON AVENU.040910@9495ContentsPreface71Overview of the Solaris x86Assembler11Assembler Overview11Syntax Differences Between x86Assemblers12Assembler Command Line122Solaris x86Assembly Language Syntax13Lexical Conventions13Statements13Tokens15Instructions,Operands,and Addressing17Instructions17Operands18Assembler Directives203Instruction Set Mapping25Instruction Overview25General-Purpose Instructions26Data Transfer Instructions26Binary Arithmetic Instructions30Decimal Arithmetic Instructions31Logical Instructions32Shift and Rotate Instructions32Bit and Byte Instructions333Control Transfer Instructions35String Instructions38I/O Instructions39Flag Control(EFLAG)Instructions40Segment Register Instructions41Miscellaneous Instructions41Floating-Point Instructions42Data Transfer Instructions(Floating Point)42Basic Arithmetic Instructions(Floating-Point)43Comparison Instructions(Floating-Point)45Transcendental Instructions(Floating-Point)46Load Constants(Floating-Point)Instructions47Control Instructions(Floating-Point)47SIMD State Management Instructions49MMX Instructions49Data Transfer Instructions(MMX)50Conversion Instructions(MMX)50Packed Arithmetic Instructions(MMX)51Comparison Instructions(MMX)52Logical Instructions(MMX)53Shift and Rotate Instructions(MMX)53State Management Instructions(MMX)54SSE Instructions54SIMD Single-Precision Floating-Point Instructions(SSE)55MXCSR State Management Instructions(SSE)6164–Bit SIMD Integer Instructions(SSE)61Miscellaneous Instructions(SSE)62SSE2Instructions63SSE2Packed and Scalar Double-Precision Floating-Point Instructions63SSE2Packed Single-Precision Floating-Point Instructions70SSE2128–Bit SIMD Integer Instructions70SSE2Miscellaneous Instructions72Operating System Support Instructions7364–Bit AMD Opteron Considerations75Index774x86Assembly Language Reference Manual•January2005TablesTABLE3–1Data Transfer Instructions26TABLE3–2Binary Arithmetic Instructions30TABLE3–3Decimal Arithmetic Instructions32TABLE3–4Logical Instructions32TABLE3–5Shift and Rotate Instructions33TABLE3–6Bit and Byte Instructions34TABLE3–7Control Transfer Instructions36TABLE3–8String Instructions38TABLE3–9I/O Instructions40TABLE3–10Flag Control Instructions40TABLE3–11Segment Register Instructions41TABLE3–12Miscellaneous Instructions42TABLE3–13Data Transfer Instructions(Floating-Point)42TABLE3–14Basic Arithmetic Instructions(Floating-Point)44TABLE3–15Comparison Instructions(Floating-Point)45TABLE3–16Transcendental Instructions(Floating-Point)46TABLE3–17Load Constants Instructions(Floating-Point)47TABLE3–18Control Instructions(Floating-Point)47TABLE3–19SIMD State Management Instructions49TABLE3–20Data Transfer Instructions(MMX)50TABLE3–21Conversion Instructions(MMX)50TABLE3–22Packed Arithmetic Instructions(MMX)51TABLE3–23Comparison Instructions(MMX)52TABLE3–24Logical Instructions(MMX)53TABLE3–25Shift and Rotate Instructions(MMX)53TABLE3–26State Management Instructions(MMX)54TABLE3–27Data Transfer Instructions(SSE)555TABLE3–28Packed Arithmetic Instructions(SSE)56TABLE3–29Comparison Instructions(SSE)58TABLE3–30Logical Instructions(SSE)59TABLE3–31Shuffle and Unpack Instructions(SSE)59TABLE3–32Conversion Instructions(SSE)60TABLE3–33MXCSR State Management Instructions(SSE)61TABLE3–3464–Bit SIMD Integer Instructions(SSE)61TABLE3–35Miscellaneous Instructions(SSE)62TABLE3–36SSE2Data Movement Instructions64TABLE3–37SSE2Packed Arithmetic Instructions65TABLE3–38SSE2Logical Instructions66TABLE3–39SSE2Compare Instructions67TABLE3–40SSE2Shuffle and Unpack Instructions67TABLE3–41SSE2Conversion Instructions68TABLE3–42SSE2Packed Single-Precision Floating-Point Instructions70TABLE3–43SSE2128–Bit SIMD Integer Instructions71TABLE3–44SSE2Miscellaneous Instructions72TABLE3–45Operating System Support Instructions736x86Assembly Language Reference Manual•January2005PrefaceThe x86Assembly Language Reference Manual documents the syntax of the Solaris™x86 assembly language.This manual is provided to help experienced programmers understand the assembly language output of Solaris compilers.This manual is neither an introductory book about assembly language programming nor a reference manual for the x86architecture.Note–In this document the term“x86”refers to64-bit and32-bit systems manufactured using processors compatible with the AMD64or Intel Xeon/Pentium product families.For supported systems,see the Solaris10Hardware Compatibility List.Who Should Use This BookThis manual is intended for experienced x86assembly language programmers who are familiar with the x86architecture.Before You Read This BookYou should have a thorough knowledge of assembly language programming in general and be familiar with the x86architecture in speciﬁc.You should be familiar with the ELF objectﬁle format.This manual assumes that you have the following documentation available for reference:I IA-32Intel Architecture Software Developer’s Manual(Intel Corporation,2004).Volume1:Basic Architecture.Volume2:Instruction Set Reference A-M.Volume3: Instruction Set Reference N-Z.Volume4:System Programming Guide.7I AMD64Architecture Programmer’s Manual(Advanced Micro Devices,2003).Volume1:Application Programming.Volume2:System Programming.Volume3:General-Purpose and System Instructions.Volume4:128-Bit Media Instructions.Volume5:64-Bit Media and x87Floating-Point Instructions.I Linker and Libraries GuideI Sun Studio9:C User’s GuideI Sun Studio9:Fortran User’s Guide and Fortran Programming GuideI Man pages for the as(1),ld(1),and dis(1)utilities.How This Book Is OrganizedChapter1provides an overview of the x86functionality supported by the Solaris x86assembler.Chapter2documents the syntax of the Solaris x86assembly language.Chapter3maps Solaris x86assembly language instruction mnemonics to the nativex86instruction set.Accessing Sun Documentation OnlineThe SM Web site enables you to access Sun technical documentationonline.You can browse the archive or search for a speciﬁc book title orsubject.The URL is .Ordering Sun DocumentationSun Microsystems offers select product documentation in print.For a list ofdocuments and how to order them,see“Buy printed documentation”at.8x86Assembly Language Reference Manual•January2005Typographic ConventionsThe following table describes the typographic changes that are used in this book. TABLE P–1Typographic ConventionsTypeface or Symbol Meaning ExampleAaBbCc123The names of commands,ﬁles,anddirectories,and onscreen computeroutput Edit your.loginﬁle.Use ls-a to list allﬁles. machine_name%you have mail.AaBbCc123What you type,contrasted with onscreencomputer output machine_name%su Password:AaBbCc123Command-line placeholder:replace witha real name or value The command to remove aﬁle is rmﬁlename.AaBbCc123Book titles,new terms,and terms to beemphasized Read Chapter6in the User’s Guide.Perform a patch analysis.Do not save theﬁle.[Note that some emphasized items appear bold online.]Shell Prompts in Command ExamplesThe following table shows the default system prompt and superuser prompt for theC shell,Bourne shell,and Korn shell.TABLE P–2Shell PromptsShell PromptC shell prompt machine_name%C shell superuser prompt machine_name#Bourne shell and Korn shell prompt$9TABLE P–2Shell Prompts(Continued)Shell PromptBourne shell and Korn shell superuser prompt#10x86Assembly Language Reference Manual•January2005CHAPTER1Overview of the Solaris x86AssemblerThis chapter provides a brief overview of the Solaris x86assembler as.This chapterdiscusses the following topics:I“Assembler Overview”on page11I“Syntax Differences Between x86Assemblers”on page12I“Assembler Command Line”on page12Assembler OverviewThe Solaris x86assembler as translates Solaris x86assembly language into Executableand Linking Format(ELF)relocatable objectﬁles that can be linked with other objectﬁles to create an executableﬁle or a shared objectﬁle.(See Chapter7,“Object FileFormat,”in Linker and Libraries Guide,for a complete discussion of ELF objectﬁleformat.)The assembler supports macro processing by the C preprocessor(cpp)or them4macro processor.The assembler supports the instruction sets of the followingCPUs:Intel8086/8088processorsIntel286processorIntel386processorIntel486processorIntel Pentium processorIntel Pentium Pro processorIntel Pentium II processorPentium II Xeon processorIntel Celeron processorIntel Pentium III processorPentium III Xeon processorAdvanced Micro Devices Athlon processor11Advanced Micro Devices Opteron processorSyntax Differences Between x86AssemblersThere is no standard assembly language for the x86architecture.Vendorimplementations of assemblers for the x86architecture instruction sets differ in syntaxand functionality.The syntax of the Solaris x86assembler is compatible with thesyntax of the assembler distributed with earlier releases of the UNIX operating system(this syntax is sometimes termed“AT&T syntax”).Developers familiar with otherassemblers derived from the original UNIX assemblers,such as the Free SoftwareFoundation’s gas,willﬁnd the syntax of the Solaris x86assembler verystraightforward.However,the syntax of x86assemblers distributed by Intel and Microsoft(sometimestermed“Intel syntax”)differs signiﬁcantly from the syntax of the Solaris x86assembler.These differences are most pronounced in the handling of instructionoperands:I The Solaris and Intel assemblers use the opposite order for source and destinationoperands.I The Solaris assembler speciﬁes the size of memory operands by adding a suffix tothe instruction mnemonic,while the Intel assembler preﬁxes the memoryoperands.I The Solaris assembler preﬁxes immediate operands with a dollar sign($)(ASCII0x24),while the Intel assembler does not delimit immediate operands.See Chapter2for additional differences between x86assemblers.Assembler Command LineDuring the translation of higher-level languages such as C and Fortran,the compilersmight invoke as using the alias fbe(“Fortran back end”).You can invoke theassembler manually from the shell command line with either name,as or fbe.See theas(1)man page for the deﬁnitive discussion of command syntax and command lineoptions.12x86Assembly Language Reference Manual•January2005CHAPTER2Solaris x86Assembly Language SyntaxThis chapter documents the syntax of the Solaris x86assembly language.I“Lexical Conventions”on page13I“Instructions,Operands,and Addressing”on page17I“Assembler Directives”on page20Lexical ConventionsThis section discusses the lexical conventions of the Solaris x86assembly language.StatementsAn x86assembly language program consists of one or moreﬁles containing statements.A statement consists of tokens separated by whitespace and terminated by either anewline character(ASCII0x0A)or a semicolon(;)(ASCII0x3B).Whitespace consists ofspaces(ASCII0x20),tabs(ASCII0x09),and formfeeds(ASCII0x0B)that are notcontained in a string or comment.More than one statement can be placed on a singleinput line provided that each statement is terminated by a semicolon.A statement canconsist of a comment.Empty statements,consisting only of whitespace,are allowed.CommentsA comment can be appended to a statement.The comment consists of the slashcharacter(/)(ASCII0x2F)followed by the text of the comment.The comment isterminated by the newline that terminates the statement.13LabelsA label can be placed at the beginning of a statement.During assembly,the label isassigned the current value of the active location counter and serves as an instructionoperand.There are two types of lables:symbolic and numeric.Symbolic LabelsA symbolic label consists of an identiﬁer(or symbol)followed by a colon(:)(ASCII0x3A).Symbolic labels must be deﬁned only once.Symbolic labels have global scopeand appear in the objectﬁle’s symbol table.Symbolic labels with identiﬁers beginning with a period(.)(ASCII0x2E)areconsidered to have local scope and are not included in the objectﬁle’s symbol table.Numeric LabelsA numeric label consists of a single digit in the range zero(0)through nine(9)followedby a colon(:).Numeric labels are used only for local reference and are not included inthe objectﬁle’s symbol table.Numeric labels have limited scope and can be redeﬁnedrepeatedly.When a numeric label is used as a reference(as an instruction operand,for example),the suffixes b(“backward”)or f(“forward”)should be added to the numeric label.Fornumeric label N,the reference N b refers to the nearest label N deﬁned before thereference,and the reference N f refers to the nearest label N deﬁned after the reference.The following example illustrates the use of numeric labels:1:/define numeric label"1"one:/define symbolic label"one"/...assembler code...jmp1f/jump to first numeric label"1"defined/after this instruction/(this reference is equivalent to label"two")jmp1b/jump to last numeric label"1"defined/before this instruction/(this reference is equivalent to label"one")1:/redefine label"1"two:/define symbolic label"two"jmp1b/jump to last numeric label"1"defined/before this instruction/(this reference is equivalent to label"two")14x86Assembly Language Reference Manual•January2005TokensThere areﬁve classes of tokens:I Identiﬁers(symbols)I KeywordsI Numerical constantsI String ConstantsI OperatorsIdentiﬁersAn identiﬁer is an arbitrarily-long sequence of letters and digits.Theﬁrst character must be a letter;the underscore(_)(ASCII0x5F)and the period(.)(ASCII0x2E)are considered to be letters.Case is signiﬁcant:uppercase and lowercase letters are different.KeywordsKeywords such as x86instruction mnemonics(“opcodes”)and assembler directives are reserved for the assembler and should not be used as identiﬁers.See Chapter3for a list of the Solaris x86mnemonics.See“Assembler Directives”on page20for the list of as assembler directives.Numerical ConstantsNumbers in the x86architecture can be integers orﬂoating point.Integers can be signed or unsigned,with signed integers represented in two’s complement representation. Floating-point numbers can be:single-precisionﬂoating-point;double-precisionﬂoating-point;and double-extended precisionﬂoating-point.Integer ConstantsIntegers can be expressed in several bases:I Decimal.Decimal integers begin with a non-zero digit followed by zero or moredecimal digits(0–9).I Binary.Binary integers begin with“0b”or“0B”followed by zero or more binarydigits(0,1).I Octal.Octal integers begin with zero(0)followed by zero or more octal digits(0–7).I Hexadecimal.Hexadecimal integers begin with“0x”or“0X”followed by one ormore hexadecimal digits(0–9,A–F).Hexadecimal digits can be either uppercase or lowercase.Chapter2•Solaris x86Assembly Language Syntax15Floating Point ConstantsFloating point constants have the following format:I Sign(optional)–either plus(+)or minus(–)I Integer(optional)–zero or more decimal digits(0–9)I Fraction(optional)–decimal point(.)followed by zero or more decimal digitsI Exponent(optional)–the letter“e”or“E”,followed by an optional sign(plus orminus),followed by one or more decimal digits(0–9)A validﬂoating point constant must have either an integer part or a fractional part.String ConstantsA string constant consists of a sequence of characters enclosed in double quotes(")(ASCII0x22).To include a double-quote character("),single-quote character(’),orbackslash character(\)within a string,precede the character with a backslash(\)(ASCII0x5C).A character can be expressed in a string as its ASCII value in octalpreceded by a backslash(for example,the letter“J”could be expressed as“\112”).Theassembler accepts the following escape sequences in strings:Escape Sequence Character Name ASCII Value(hex)\n newline0A\r carriage return0D\b backspace08\t horizontal tab09\f form feed0C\v vertical tab0BOperatorsThe assembler supports the following operators for use in expressions.Operators haveno assigned precedence.Expressions can be grouped in square brackets([])toestablish precedence.+Addition-Subtraction\*Multiplication\/Division&Bitwise logical AND16x86Assembly Language Reference Manual•January2005|Bitwise logical OR>>Shift right<<Shift left\%Remainder!Bitwise logical AND NOT^Bitwise logical XORNote–The asterisk(*),slash(/),and percent sign(%)characters are overloaded.When used as operators in an expression,these characters must be preceded by the backslash character(\).Instructions,Operands,and Addressing Instructions are operations performed by the CPU.Operands are entities operated upon by the instruction.Addresses are the locations in memory of speciﬁed data.InstructionsAn instruction is a statement that is executed at runtime.An x86instruction statement can consist of four parts:I Label(optional)I Instruction(required)I Operands(instruction speciﬁc)I Comment(optional)See“Statements”on page13for the description of labels and comments.The terms instruction and mnemonic are used interchangeably in this document to refer to the names of x86instructions.Although the term opcode is sometimes used as a synonym for instruction,this document reserves the term opcode for the hexadecimal representation of the instruction value.Chapter2•Solaris x86Assembly Language Syntax17For most instructions,the Solaris x86assembler mnemonics are the same as the Intelor AMD mnemonics.However,the Solaris x86mnemonics might appear to bedifferent because the Solaris mnemonics are suffixed with a one-character modiﬁer thatspeciﬁes the size of the instruction operands.That is,the Solaris assembler derives itsoperand type information from the instruction name and the suffix.If a mnemonic isspeciﬁed with no type suffix,the operand type defaults to long.Possible operandtypes and their instruction suffixes are:b Byte(8–bit)w Word(16–bit)l Long(32–bit)(default)q Quadword(64–bit)The assembler recognizes the following suffixes for x87ﬂoating-point instructions:[no suffix]Instruction operands are registers onlyl(“long”)Instruction operands are64–bits(“short”)Instruction operands are32–bitSee Chapter3for a mapping between Solaris x86assembly language mnemonics andthe equivalent Intel or AMD mnemonics.OperandsAn x86instruction can have zero to three operands.Operands are separated bycommas(,)(ASCII0x2C).For instructions with two operands,theﬁrst(lefthand)operand is the source operand,and the second(righthand)operand is the destinationoperand(that is,source→destination).Note–The Intel assembler uses the opposite order(destination←source)for operands.Operands can be immediate(that is,constant expressions that evaluate to an inlinevalue),register(a value in the processor number registers),or memory(a value stored inmemory).An indirect operand contains the address of the actual operand value.Indirect operands are speciﬁed by preﬁxing the operand with an asterisk(*)(ASCII0x2A).Only jump and call instructions can use indirect operands.I Immediate operands are preﬁxed with a dollar sign($)(ASCII0x24)I Register names are preﬁxed with a percent sign(%)(ASCII0x25)18x86Assembly Language Reference Manual•January2005I Memory operands are speciﬁed either by the name of a variable or by a register thatcontains the address of a variable.A variable name implies the address of avariable and instructs the computer to reference the contents of memory at that address.Memory references have the following syntax:segment:offset(base,index,scale).I Segment is any of the x86architecture segment registers.Segment is optional:ifspeciﬁed,it must be separated from offset by a colon(:).If segment is omitted,the value of%ds(the default segment register)is assumed.I Offset is the displacement from segment of the desired memory value.Offset isoptional.I Base and index can be any of the general32–bit number registers.I Scale is a factor by which index is to be multipled before being added to base tospecify the address of the operand.Scale can have the value of1,2,4,or8.Ifscale is not speciﬁed,the default value is1.Some examples of memory addresses are:movl var,%eaxMove the contents of memory location var into number register%eax.movl%cs:var,%eaxMove the contents of memory location var in the code segment(register%cs)into number register%eax.movl$var,%eaxMove the address of var into number register%eax.movl array_base(%esi),%eaxAdd the address of memory location array_base to the contents of numberregister%esi to determine an address in memory.Move the contents of thisaddress into number register%eax.movl(%ebx,%esi,4),%eaxMultiply the contents of number register%esi by4and add the result to thecontents of number register%ebx to produce a memory reference.Move thecontents of this memory location into number register%eax.movl struct_base(%ebx,%esi,4),%eaxMultiply the contents of number register%esi by4,add the result to thecontents of number register%ebx,and add the result to the address ofstruct_base to produce an address.Move the contents of this address intonumber register%eax.Chapter2•Solaris x86Assembly Language Syntax19Assembler DirectivesDirectives are commands that are part of the assembler syntax but are not related to thex86processor instruction set.All assembler directives begin with a period(.)(ASCII0x2E)..align integer,padThe.align directive causes the next data generated to be aligned modulo integerbytes.Integer must be a positive integer expression and must be a power of2.Ifspeciﬁed,pad is an integer bye value used for padding.The default value of pad forthe text section is0x90(nop);for other sections,the default value of pad is zero(0)..ascii"string"The.ascii directive places the characters in string into the object module at thecurrent location but does not terminate the string with a null byte(\0).String mustbe enclosed in double quotes(")(ASCII0x22).The.ascii directive is not valid forthe.bss section..bcd integerThe.bcd directive generates a packed decimal(80-bit)value into the currentsection.The.bcd directive is not valid for the.bss section..bssThe.bss directive changes the current section to.bss..bss symbol,integerDeﬁne symbol in the.bss section and add integer bytes to the value of the locationcounter for.bss.When issued with arguments,the.bss directive does notchange the current section to.bss.Integer must be positive..byte byte1,byte2,...,byteNThe.byte directive generates initialized bytes into the current section.The.bytedirective is not valid for the.bss section.Each byte must be an8-bit value..2byte expression1,expression2,...,expressionNRefer to the description of the.value directive..4byte expression1,expression2,...,expressionNRefer to the description of the.long directive..8byte expression1,expression2,...,expressionNRefer to the description of the.quad directive..comm name,size,alignmentm directive allocates storage in the data section.The storage is referencedby the identiﬁer name.Size is measured in bytes and must be a positive integer.Name cannot be predeﬁned.Alignment is optional.If alignment is speciﬁed,theaddress of name is aligned to a multiple of alignment..dataThe.data directive changes the current section to.data.20x86Assembly Language Reference Manual•January2005。

VE 绝版代码

097迷彩头盔 30天/350CF点
代码：288极酷花纹眼镜 30天/350CF点
代码：292组合头盔 30天/500CF点
代码：309少校护目镜 30天/550CF点
代码：313少校帽子 30天/700CF点
代码：071赛斯强化下士护目镜-30天-300CF点
代码：072奥摩强化下士头盔-30天-300CF点
代码：073奥摩强化下士背包-30天-300CF点
代码：074奥摩强化下士腿兜-30天-300CF点
代码：065斯奥特强化下士背包-30天-300CF点
代码：066斯奥特强化下士腿兜-30天-300CF点
代码：067斯奥特强化下士护目镜-30天-300CF点
代码：068赛斯强化下士头盔-30天-300CF点
代码：069赛斯强化下士背包-30天-300CF点
代码：070赛斯强化下士腿兜-30天-300CF点
强化帽子064 强化眼睛067 红魔189 大校代码763 764 765 766 767 287 炫彩眼睛287 百城名片457 上校帽子311 少尉腿包065 火焰头盔086 彩色昵称627 少校无线电110 少校保护镜109 虎皮568 小红帽363 M4A1-B145 AK47-B147 AWM-B149 QBZ95-B172 猎狐帽子274 猎狐眼睛273 猎狐背包275 天使喷涂246 大喇叭222 忍者744 斯沃特少尉头盔076 背包077 赛斯少尉头盔078 背包079 奥摩少尉头盔080 背包081 斯沃特迷彩头盔052 迷彩背包053 赛斯迷彩054 背包055 奥摩迷彩056 背包057 斯沃特下士头盔058 背包059 赛斯下次头盔060 背包061 奥摩下士头盔062 背包063 南瓜头358 红色耀眼帽子360 圣诞帽子364 圣诞面具368 福字喷漆377 [猎狐者:恐怖面具343 组合头盔292 极酷眼睛285 迷彩背包267] 靶子喷图248 撤退喷图249 准心喷图254 最“ 强”喷图299猎狐者恐怖面具343 魔法帽子347

NOKIA手机的暗码大全

NOKIA手机的暗码大全!暗码用途备注*#06# 查询IMEI号码所有手机通用*#7370# 格式化手机Series 60手机专用*#7780# 恢复出厂设置Series 60和Series 40手机通用*#0000# 查询当前软件版本号所有手机通用*#7760# 查询生产线号码Series 40手机专用*#2820# 查询蓝牙设备地址Series 60和Series 40手机通用*3370# 激活EFR 部分型号的手机可用#3370# 关闭EFR 部分型号的手机可用*4720# 激活HFR 部分型号的手机可用#4720# 关闭HFR 部分型号的手机可用*#92702689# 查询总通话时间仅限6630*#92702689# 进入数据模式Series 40手机专用*#7370925538# 为手机上锁Series 60手机专用一、*#06#：显示IMEI码二、*#0000#：显示软件版本(部分型号如果不起作用，可按*#型号代码#，如*#6110#)第一行--软件版本；第二行--软件发布日期；第三行--手机型号三、*#92702689#：显示序列号和IMEI码,带滚动菜单第一屏表示 - 手机出厂时间：1197(月月年年)；第二屏表示 - 串号和IMEI；第三屏表示 - 购买时间：1197(月月年年)可以更改一次（但一经输入就不能再作更改，日期会被永久记录）第四屏表示 - 最后修理时间：0000(月月年年)维修时设置。

第五屏表示 - 传输用户数据：退出关闭电话，然后返回。

如果以上工作不正常，并且电话要求您输入一个合法的代码，可试试：1).6232（OK）：显示制造的月和年2).7832（OK）：显示手机购买时间的月和年3).7332（OK）：显示最近维修时间的月和年：0000(月月年年)维修时设置4).9268（OK）：显示系列号5).37832（OK）：设置购买时间的月和年（警告：只允许做一次）6).87267（OK）：确认传输，与软件更新有关四、速率编码*3370#或*efr#：开启(EFR)全速率编码#3370#或#efr#：关闭全速率编码（开启全速增强型编码模式，可改善话音质量但会耗电）*4720#或*hra0#：开启(HR)半速率编码#4720#或#hra0#：关闭半速率编码（话音质量降低，但可延长电池大概30%左右使用时间，需网络支持）键入这些代码后，会关机重开，然后才能生效。

各品牌接收机盲扫密码

2003年产高斯贝尔数字机：恢复出厂设置——确认——节目号加——节目号减——音量加——音量减——1、2、3、4、即可进入盲扫。

2003年产跃佳、航天、沧浪、年华数字机：恢复出厂设置——确认——静音——节目号加，2003年产迪佳数字机：语言——英语——恢复出厂——确认——静音——节目加，屏显“请输入密码”，按7065即可进入盲扫。

2003年产天经数字机：恢复出厂——确认——静音——节目加，屏显“请输入密码”，按0000即可进入盲扫。

另威乐士2288盲扫密码也是0000。

2003年产金鹰、神鹰、嘉宝数字机：在关机状态下按住本机菜单键不放，同时按下电源开关，直到屏显菜单即可进入盲扫。

2004年产卓异（小飞鸽、小孔雀、小帅哥等）：菜单——305518，即可进入盲扫（该机没有“请输入密码”标记）2004年产高斯贝尔数字机：（小神童、挑战者）：恢复出厂设置——确认——屏显“请输入密码”，按5678即可进入盲扫。

进入网络搜索，也要输入5678。

2003-2004年产天诚数字机（飞龙数码王子、天诚游戏王等）：进入增加节目，修改本振为1111，下行为2222，符号为3333，确认后，在节目设置子菜单中出现卫星盲扫。

2004年产跃佳、航天数字机：进入菜单后，按静音5秒，屏显“数据储存中”后，即可进入盲扫金泰克小神童盲扫及删除频道密码：54321P-3880缺省密码：0000。

万能密码：98763500的恢复原始：同时按前面版OK跟频道上两键，密码初次为0000。

v2.4blocker卡成人密码：9996阿瓦斯2001机器的密码：1577九州DVC-2008IR的初始密码：9949航科系列机器密码：6931ap6-84卡密码：xx96均可诺基亚8800初始密码9949AP6-84卡的密码：凡带96就可！输入96也可以！国产富事通机器：上.下.左.右VISTAR2000密码1234新闻台（3、5、6、8）专用机DY2000S：上.下.左.右帝霸901工程密码：1001百胜p-3900机器密码：1111Simon 920 初始密码:1234 统吃码:3453帝霸901**密码：0000PANDA-610：家长码：0000/系统码：9317。

禄来

下面收集了一些关于禄来双反相机的文章，但都不是我写的，仅供浏览。

“禄来福来”双反相机介绍禄来系列双镜头反光相机，在四五十年代乃至七十年代初，曾风靡世界一时。

在五六十年代，曾经是专业的象征。

当时能背着“禄来”双反在街上走的人，不是专业摄影记者，就是公安人员。

对于价格昂贵的“禄来”，平民百姓只能“望机兴叹”。

禄来厂生产的多种双反相机，其中禄来康特[即Rollekonter]，禄来可得[Rolleicord]是作为普及简易型供应市场，但也具备了相当水准的机械及光学素质，而禄来弗来克斯[Rolleiflex]的市场定位是高级专业型，追求的是“百年有形”，一直按照高级专业水准而设计制造。

几经改进后的“禄来弗来”双反，生产在五十年代中叶，六七十年代。

其中：E、F 、T等机种型号，在机械结构，生产工艺，制造技术，产品配套及性能上均达到较高水平，在国际市场上曾经畅销一时。

一般说，“禄来弗来”双反其特色在于两个镜头，上镜头取景，下镜头摄影，摇把卷片，微传感滚筒式自动停片，与上弦连动并可多次曝光，也可防止重拍。

采用结构，性能及用材方面均非常优良的康般镜间快门并有M、X、V 装置，采用强度较好的铝合金模铸机身，外围部件多为铝合金或黄铜，卷片机构等传动齿轮和有运动摩擦、藕合等部件零件，多采用优质黄铜或合金钢材，快门主力弹簧则采用优质钴基不锈钢，所以只要使用保管得当，“禄来”有较长的使用寿命。

关于“禄来”配套的摄影镜头，一般说，2.8D、E、F各型相机多使用蔡司普兰那，五片四组变高斯结构，并使用优质光学玻璃材料，其优秀的成像素质被摄影界推崇备至，有口皆碑。

后期生产的2.8F，采用了七片五组结构[变高斯型普兰那]，被誉为蔡司的顶级极品头。

2.8双反中也有部分装有F2.8/80mm五片四组变高斯结构的施耐得仙农塔摄影镜头，其本质同样优秀，只不过实拍感觉反差稍嫌柔和。

3.5双反，A、B、O、T 等型多使用著名的蔡司天塞F3.5/75m四片三组头。

最全DD-WRT 支持无线路由器列表

Suppor ted Device s[edit]3c[edit]Ab [edit]Ac [edit]Ac [edit ]Actiontec[edit ]ADIEnginee [edit ]Airl[edit ]Airlive /[edit ]AlfaNetwor[edit ]Alln[edit]Ana ptyx Wireles sDynami[edit]Ara da System[edit]As[edit]Asu sWARNIN G: It is recomme nded to use ASUS Firmware restorati on tool for ASUS routers initial flash (use*.TRX file)[edit ]BelkinWARNING:Always use TFTP to flash Belkin routers if at allpossible!Upgradin g dd-wrt from the webinterface can lead to abricked (nonfunc tional)unit![edit]Bou[edit]Bro[edit]Buf[edit]Cisc o [edit]Cisc oLinksys[edit]Cisc o Linksys[edit]Cisc o Linksys (Wireles s[edit ]Cisc[edit ]Conceptron [edit ]Compex[edit]Co nrad Elektron[edit]Co[edit ]Dev[edit ]Digi[edit ]D-Link[edit]Do odle[edit]Dy[edit]Edi[edit]En [edit ]EnGeniusseeSenao[edit ]ExelNetwor[edit]Flui[edit]FO[edit]Fr y's Electron ics[edit]Ga[edit]Gat[edit]In tellinet (Reichel t)see RFNet Techn ologi es[edit ]Io[edit ]JJPl[edit ]Lanready[edit]Lin ksysseeCisco[edit ]Log[edit ]Ma[edit ]Mer[edit]Mi MN-700@125[edit ]Mikrotik Routerb[edit]Mi [edit]Mo[edit]MS[edit]MT N Electron[edit]Ne[edit]Net[edit]NET[edit]Net[edit]No[edit]Op enMesh[edit]Ope[edit]OS[edit ]Ovislinksee Airli ve[edit ]PC-[edit ]Planex aka[edit]Ra[edit ]Ray[edit ]Rep[edit ]RFNetTechnol[edit]Ro[edit ]Senao / EnGeni。

GMWGlobalFastenerCatalog

General Motors Global FasteningCatalogBasic AssortmentVersion 2.06December 12, 2005ContactsFor comments, questions, suggestions to this General Motors WorldCatalog please direct them to one of the individuals listed belowTelefax NameTelephoneWolfram Friesenecker GME +49 6142 77 1622 +49 6142 76 4712Sharon Caruso GMNA +1 586 575 7957GM GLOBAL FASTENING CATALOGVERSION 2.06TABLE OF CONTENTSCTRL + Click on Entries with page numbers to advance to that page.FOREWORD (5)Controlled Fastener Selection Process (5)GM Global Vehicle Program Fastener Approval Process (6)GM Global Fastener Procurement Process (7)GENERAL USE FASTENERSBOLTS&SCREWSBoltsHeavy Hexagon Flange Bolts with M-Point, Full Body, Radius Head (Acorn) (8)Heavy Hexagon Bolts with Flange and M Point M12, M14, M16 (10)Hexalobular Bolts with Flange and and Chamfer (Header-Point) (12)Machine Thread ScrewsHex Screw and Washer Assemblies with Flat Washer and M-Point (14)Hex Screw and Washer Assemblies with Conical Washer and M-Point (16)Tapping ScrewsRound Large Crown Washer Head Tapping Screw with BR Point (18)Hex Washer Head Tapping Screw Assembly with Flat Washer BR Point (20)NUTSFree Spinning NutsHexagon Nut , Spring Steel for T5 Studs (21)Hexagon Nuts with Flange (23)Hexagon Nut and Washer Assemblies with Conical Washer (24)Hexagon Nut and Washer Assemblies with Narrow Flat Washer (26)Hexagon Nut and Washer Assemblies with Flat Washer (27)Lock NutsHexagon Flange Nut Assemblies Nylon Insert Prevailing Torque (29)Hexagon Flange Nuts All-Metal Prevailing Torque (31)Pierce NutsRectangular Pierce Nuts Type AHS (33)Push-In NutsMulti-Thread Push-In Nut (35)U Shaped NutsMulti-Thread U Nuts (37)Weld NutsHex Flange 3 Projection Weld Nut (40)Unthreaded 3-Projection Weld Nut (42)PUSH PINSPush Pin (Non-Shouldered Ergonomic) (44)RETAINERSRetainer (46)STRAPSTie Straps (48)Tie Strap for Panel Hole Mounting (50)Tie Strap for Weld Stud Mounting (51)STUDSWeld StudsLarge Flange Drawn Arc Weld Stud with M Point (52)Drawn Arc Weld Studs with Fir Tree Thread (54)Projection Weld Studs with M Point (55)SPECIAL APPLICATIONSBRAKE SYSTEMBrake System Bolt & Washer (57)Brake Tube Nuts and Unions (59)EXHAUST SYSTEMEXHAUST MANIFOLDDouble Ended Studs (61)Stainless Steel Hex Flange Nuts (63)HOODBLANKETHood Blanket Retainer (Push-In) (65)INSTRUMENT PANEL AND CONSOLEBolts and ScrewsHex Washer Head Tapping Screw Assembly with Flat Washer BR Point (67)U Shaped NutsMulti-Thread U Nuts (68)LICENSE PLATEAttachment Screw and NutLicense Plate Attachment (69)License Plate Attachment Push In Nut (69)SEATS/BELTS/RESTRAINTSSeat Belts6 Lobe Drive Pan Head Taptite 2000® Bolt With Shoulder (71)6 Lobe Drive Pan Head Taptite 2000® Bolt (72)STARTER MOTORStarter Nut (Hex Jam) (74)STEERINGINTERMEDIATE SHAFTPinch Bolt with Nylon Patch (76)VIN PLATE RIVETSVIN Plate Rivets (78)FOREWORDThis GM Global Fastening Catalog (GMGFC) contains the approved fasteners for use in GM Global Vehicle Programs. All fasteners released for use in GM Assembly plants must be selected from this catalog. The authority for this decision is documented in Notice of Action (NOA) MFCC-207. The process for selection of fasteners is described below.Controlled Fastener Selection Process1. For all GM Assembly Plant installed fasteners, parts must be selected from the GMGFC.Requests for changes to the GMGFC must be addressed to the GM Fastening Engineering Department at the requestor’s location.2. The Responsible Engineer must consult with the Fastening Engineering Group at his locationprior to requesting approval for a part not included in the GMGFC. Ref. flow chart ‘Gm Global Vehicle Program Fastener Approval Process’.3. Use of Fasteners not included in the GMGFC must be approved by the affected Directors onthe Global Materials and Fastening Engineering Council.4. New Fastener Part Numbers must be approved by Fastening Engineering.5. Uni-Graphics Math Models are available for all fasteners included in the GMGFC. The MathModel and drawing for new fastener part numbers will be generated per the local process at the requestor’s location.6. Fasteners for test and experimental builds will be procured per the local process at therequestor’s location. In the event fasteners from the GMGFC are not available, FasteningEngineering will identify suitable replacement fasteners which shall be used until the GMGFC fastener is available. Ref. flow chart ‘Fastener Procurement Process.’7. Applicable for releases for Global Vehicle Programs.Heavy Hexagon Flange Bolts with M-Point, Full Body, Radius Head (Acorn)treatment: Material: SurfaceSteel, GMW25GMW3359 (Silver)Property class: 8.8 ≤M8 10.9 ≥M10NOTES Parts above the continuous red thick stepped line are threaded to the head. For M12, M14, and M16Applications Use Heavy Hexagon Bolts with Flange and M-Point.Thread M6M8 M10Pitch P 1 1.25 1.5Hex s 10 13 15Max k 6.6 8.1 10.4Max dc 14.2 18 22.3M6M8 M10 l l1l eff l g Part l l1l eff l g Part l l1l eff l g Partnom max min max Number nom max min max Number nom max min max Number10.65 13.65 8.2 1.5 1158871013.65 16.65 11.2 1.5 1158871117.65 20.65 15.2 1.5 11588712 16.65 20.7 13.7 1.91158872215.85 20.65 12.3 2.2 1158873622.65 25.65 20.2 2.5 11588713 21.65 25.7 18.7 1.91158872320.85 25.65 17.3 2.2 1158873727.65 30.65 25.2 2.5 11588714 26.65 30.7 23.7 3.11158872425.85 30.65 22.3 2.2 1158873832.65 35.65 30.2 12.5 11588715 31.65 35.7 28.7 3.11158872530.85 35.65 27.3 3.8 1158873937.65 40.65 35.2 17.5 11588716 36.65 40.7 33.7 12 1158872635.85 40.65 32.3 3.8 1158874042.65 45.65 40.2 22.5 11588717 41.65 45.7 38.7 17 1158872740.85 45.65 37.3 11.51158874147.65 50.65 45.2 27.5 11588718 46.65 50.7 43.7 22 1158872845.85 50.65 42.3 16.51158874252.65 55.65 50.1 32.5 11609577 51.65 55.8 48.6 27 1158872950.85 55.75 47.2 21.51158874357.65 60.65 55.1 37.5 11588719 56.65 60.8 53.6 32 1158873055.85 60.75 52.2 26.51158874461.65 65.8 58.6 37 1158873160.85 65.75 57.2 31.51158874567.65 70.65 65.1 47.5 11588720 66.65 70.8 63.6 42 1158873265.85 70.75 62.2 36.51158874667.241.51158874775.7570.8577.65 80.65 75.1 57.5 11588721 76.65 80.8 73.6 52 1158873375.85 80.75 72.2 46.51158874851.51158874977.280.8585.7586.65 90.8 83.6 62 1158873485.85 90.75 82.2 56.51158875061.51158875190.8587.295.7596.65 100.893.6 72 1158873595.85 100.75 92.2 66.51158875271.51158875397.2100.85105.75102.276.511588754105.85110.75107.281.511588755110.85115.75116.65 120.8113.692 11588694115.85120.75 112.286.511588756120.85125.75 117.291.511588757REVISION HISTORY 03/19/05 Initial Publication D. WulbrechtHeavy Hexagon Bolts with Flange and M-Point M12, M14, M16Material: Surface treatment: Steel, GMW25 GMW3359 (Silver)Property class: 10.9NOTES Parts above the continuous red thick stepped line are threaded to the head. For M6, M8, and M10 Applications use Heavy Hexagon Flange Bolts with M-Point, Full Body, Radius Head (Acorn).Thread M12M14 M16 PPitch 1.75 2 2 sHex 18 21 24 kmax 11.8 13.7 15.4 d c max 26.6 30.5 35l l 1 l eff l g Part l 1 l eff l g Part l 1 l eff l gPart nom max min max Number max min max Number max min max Number2530.8 20.85 2.6 11589271 3035.8 25.85 4.4 11589272 36.58 25.35 3 11589350 3540.8 30.85 4.4 11589273 41.58 30.35 5 1158935142.25 30.35 3 11589365 4045.8 35.85 4.4 11589274 46.58 35.35 5 1158935247.25 35.35 5 11589366 4550.8 40.85 4.4 11589275 51.58 40.35 5 1158935352.25 40.35 5 11589367 5055.8 45.85 4.4 11589276 56.58 45.35 5 1158935457.25 45.35 5 11589368 5560.9 50.75 4.4 11609605 61.68 50.25 5 1156129662.25 50.35 5 11609231 6065.9 55.75 4.4 11589277 66.68 55.25 5 1158935567.35 55.25 5 11589369 6570.9 60.75 4.4 11609606 71.68 60.25 5 1156129772.35 60.25 5 11561425 7075.9 65.75 21 11589278 76.68 65.25 5 1158935677.35 65.25 5 11589370 7580.9 70.75 26 11609598 81.68 70.25 5 1156129882.35 70.25 5 11561305 8085.9 75.75 31 11589279 86.68 75.2527 1158935787.35 75.25 5 11589371 8590.9 80.75 36 11609607 91.68 80.2532 1156129992.35 80.25 5 11561306 9095.9 85.75 41 11589280 96.68 85.2537 1158935897.35 85.25 3311589372 95100.9 90.75 46 11609608 101.68 90.2542 11561300102.35 90.25 3811561307 100105.9 95.75 51 11589281 106.68 95.2547 11589359107.35 95.25 4311589373 105110.9 100.75 56 11609609 111.68 100.2552 11561301112.35 100.25 4811561308 110115.9 105.75 61 11589282 116.68 105.2557 11589360117.35 105.25 5311589374 115120.9 110.75 66 11609610 121.68 110.2562 11561302122.35 110.25 5811561309 120125.9 115.75 71 11589283 126.68 115.2567 11589361127.35 115.25 6311589375 125130.9 120.75 76 11609611 131.68 120.2572 11561303132.35 120.25 6811561310 130135.9 125.75 81 11589284 136.68 125.2577 11589362137.35 125.25 7311589376 135140.9 130.75 86 11609612 141.68 130.2582 11561304142.35 130.25 7811561311 140145.9 135.75 91 11589285 146.68 135.2587 11589363147.35 135.25 8311589377 150156.68 145.2597 11589364157.35 145.25 9311589378 160167.35 155.25 10311589379 For additional data see GM specification B115 and GMW3362REVISION HISTORY06/28/02 M10 Hex Size Changed to 15. New 11588… part numbers replaced 11900… series. References to Global Catalog Removed.Ron Strong08/13/03 Increased thread length, revised prints per GM spec. B115, issued new 11589 part #s. K. Esfahani06/20/04 Added 11609…and 1156…. part numbers with 5 mm length incrementK. Esfahani03/19/05 Sizes M6, M8, and M10 replaced by Heavy Hexagon with Flange Acorn Head Bolts K. EsfahniHexalobular Bolts with Flange and Chamfer (Header-Point)Material: Surfacetreatment:Steel, GMW25Property class:8.8 ≤ M8 10.9 ≥ M10GMW3359; for GM-Europe GME00255-F(Silver) optional feasibleNOTES Not Preferred: Parts must not be used for new designs except where Preferred Parts do not fit design.Thread M6 M8 M10 M12 P Pitch 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 Torxhead E10 E12 E14 E18 k max 7.5 10 12 14d c max 14.2 18 22.3 26.6l nom Part Number Form Part Number Form Part Number Form Part Number Form12 11 093 971 A 11 104 331 A16 11 093 961 A 11 102 101 A 11 104 391 A20 11 104 291 A 11 099 701 A 11 100 203 A 11 104 041 A25 11 096 451 A 11 093 612 A 11 101 172 A 11 104 451 A30 11 093 954 A 11 094 903 A 11 101 001 A 11 099 181 A35 11 103 982 A 11 104 341 A 11 095 031 A 11 101 521 A40 11 093 782 A 11 104 351 A 11 100 432 A 11 101 131 A45 11 104 301 A 11 093 792 A 11 104 401 A 11 104 461 A50 11 104 311 A 11 096 921 A 11 101 322 A 11 099 191 A55 11 104 321 F 11 104 361 A 11 103 992 F 11 100 771 A60 11 096 852 F 11 094 912 A 11 104 411 F 11 099 201 A65 11 102 131 F 11 093 801 F 11 103 071 A 11 101 151 A70 11 094 211 F 11 104 371 F 11 101 941 A 11 101 141 A80 11 104 381 F 11 104 421 F 11 104 471 A90 11 104 431 F 11 103 801 F100 11 104 441 F 11 101 491 F110 11104481F 120 11104491F For additional data see GMW3299 and ON2127 with Chamfer to ISO 4753REVISION HISTORY25 July 2005 Correct Form Values on 13 Parts W. FrieseneckerHex Screw and Washer Assemblies with Flat Washer and M-PointMaterial: Surface treatment: Steel, GMW25 GMW3359 (Silver)Property class:8.8NOTESThread M6P Pitch 1s Hex 10k max 4.15h max 2.12d 2 max 17.00l nom l 1 max l eff min PartNumber12 15 9.55 1151 937416 19 13.551151 937520 23 17.551151 937625 28 22.551151 937730 33 27.551151 950635 38 32.551151 950740 43 37.551151 950845 48 42.551151 9378For additional data see GMW3308 and GMW3362REVISION HISTORYHex Screw and Washer Assemblies with Conical Washer and M-PointMaterial: Surface treatment: Steel, GMW25 GMW3359 (Silver)Property class: 8.8 ≤M810.9 ≥M10NOTESThread M6M8 M10 M12 PPitch 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 sHex 10 13 15 18 kmax 4.15 5.45 6.58 7.68 hmax 2.12 2.63 3.15 3.55 d 2 max 17 24 28 35l l 1 l eff Part l 1 l eff Part l 1 l eff Part l 1 l effPart nom max min number max min number max min number max Min number1215.0 9.55 1151 9381 1619.0 13.55 1151 9382 20.05 13.051151 9386 2023.0 17.55 1151 9383 24.05 17.051151 938724.816.451158 9163 2528.0 22.55 1151 9384 29.05 22.051151 938829.821.451158 9164 30.8 20.851151 95353033.0 27.55 1151 9385 34.05 27.051151 938934.826.451158 9165 35.8 25.851151 95363539.05 32.051151 939039.831.451158 9166 40.8 30.851151 95374044.05 37.051151 952644.836.451158 9167 45.8 35.851151 95384549.05 42.051151 952749.841.451158 9168 50.8 40.851151 93935054.05 47.051151 939154.846.561158 9169 55.8 45.851151 95395559.951.351158 9170 60.9 50.751151 95406065.9 55.751151 95416570.9 60.751151 95427075.9 65.751151 95438085.9 75.751151 9544For additional data see GMW3305 and GMW3362REVISION HISTORY06/18/02 M10 Hex changed to 15mm. s, k and h changed. l1 and l eff changed to reference bearing surface of hex head instead of washer.09/09/02 Errors corrected in h max row, M6 and M8 columns, and s value of M10 column.02/19/03 New Part Number Series added for M10 15mm s value. This was done because there were already releases of the 16mm hex parts when the value was changed to 15mm.Round Large Crown Washer Head Tapping Screw With BR PointMaterial: Surface treatment: Steel, GM6010M GMW4205NOTES Spaced thread screws with separate multi-thread nuts is the most preferred tapping solution.BR is the preferred point.Do NOT use these tapping screws directly into plastic or sheet metal.L eff MinimumL (length) Part Numbernom min max4.2 10 9.2 10.8 1160 94607.2 13 12.2 13.8 1160 945910.2 16 15.2 16.8 1160 945814.2 20 19.2 20.8 1160 945719.2 25 24.2 25.8 1160 945623.7 30 28.7 31.3 1160 945528.7 35 33.7 36.3 1160 9454FOR ADDITIONAL INFORMATION AND DIMENSIONS, SEE“GENERAL MOTORS ENGINEERING STANDARDS” SECTION VD-12.651MSMetric/Inch Metric Noun Name Bolt/ScrewHead Shape Round Large CrownBearing Face Washer headDriver Type 1A C/RThread SpacedDiameter 4.2Pitch 1.41 Material GM6010M Point Type BRFinish GMW4205REVISION HISTORY09-SEP-03 Finish Changed to GMW4205 and New Part Numbers replaced old part numbers.Hex Washer Head Tapping Screw Assembly with Flat Washer BR PointMaterial: Steel, GM6010Surface treatment: GMW4205Thread 4.2Hex Socket 7Pitch 1.41NOTES Do NOT use these tapping screws directly into plastic or sheet metal. Use metal inserts or spring steel nuts instead.Screws into multi-thread nuts is the most preferred fastening solution..L eff L (length)Part Number Maximum Nom Min Max7.2 13 12.2 13.8 1158901010.2 16 15.2 16.8 1158901114.2 20 19.2 20.8 1158901519.2 25 24.2 25.8 1158901223.7 30 28.7 31.3 1158901328.7 35 33.7 36.3 11589014Hexagon Nut, Spring Steel for T5 Studstreatment: Material: SurfaceSAE 1050 Carbon Spring Steel GM6173MNOTES This nut is intended to be used on weld studs, fir tree thread T5 (see page 26).Thread T5 x 1.6s Hex 10d c max 14.00m max 6.65Part Number2062 5733REVISION HISTORYHexagon Nuts with FlangeMaterial: Surfacetreatment: Steel, GM510M (9, 10) GMW14100Property class: 9 ≤M610 ≥M8NOTES M16 Nut has lubricant added to match Hex Flange Lock Nut (11516383) Torque/Tension requirements.Thread M6 M8 M10 M12 M14 M16Thread Pitch 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2s Hex10 13 15 18 21 24d c max 14.2 17.9 21.8 26 29.9 34.2d w min 12.2 15.8 19.6 23.8 27.6 31.6m max 6 8 10 12 14 18.9Part Number 1151 4516 1151 45961151 45971151 45981151 4599 1151 6991For additional data, see GM Engineering Standards Section E104Hexagon Nut and Washer Assemblies with Conical WasherMaterial: Surfacetreatment: Steel, GM510 (9, 10) GMW14100Property class: 9 ≤M810 ≥M10NOTESThread M6 M8 M10 M12Thread Pitch 1 1.25 1.5 1.75s Hex10 13 15 18m max 5.7 7.5 10.0 12.0d s max 19.0 24.0 28.0 32.0U max 0.64 0.75 0.80 0.80h max 2.00 2.60 3.05 3.45Part Number 1151 45171151 45191151 67541151 6755REVISION HISTORY05/31/02 M10 HEX SIZE REDUCED TO 15 AND DIMENSIONAL LABELS FIXED BY STRONG Part Number 11519614 replaced by 11516754d s changed to m, U changed to d s, h changed to U, m changed to h3/24/05 Nuts with Sealer Removed from Global Sharon CarusoHexagon Nut and Washer Assemblies with Narrow Flat Washertreatment: Material: SurfaceSteel, ISO 898-2GMW 3044 8K240/120TProperty8class:NOTES These nuts are recommended for use against soft surfaces, e.g. painted sheet, plastic etc.Thread M6 M8P Pitch 1 1,25S 10 13m max5,2 6,8h max1,8 1,8h1max7 8,6d2max12 16Part number 1190045111900452Hexagon Nut and Washer Assemblies with Flat Washertreatment: Material: SurfaceSteel, GM510M (9)GMW141009Propertyclass:NOTES These nuts are recommended for use against soft surfaces, e.g. painted sheet, plastic etc.Thread M6 M8Thread Pitch 1 1.25s Hex 10 13d s max 19.0 24.0h max 2.0 2.6m max 5.7 7.5Part Number1151 68361151 7396REVISION HISTORYHexagon Flange Nut Assemblies Nylon Insert Prevailing TorqueMaterial: Surfacetreatment: Steel, GM510 (9, 10)GMW4707Property class: 9 M6 and smaller10 M8 and largerNOTES For general applications, current GMNA Best Practice is to use All-Metal Prevailing Torque Nuts where prevailing torque nuts are required.Nylon insert prevailing torque nuts should be used in the following applications:-where consistent drive torques are required-where heavy or inconsistent paint build-up or overspray occur-where long rundowns (over 7 revolutions) occur-in brake booster and steering column joints-where the externally threaded part has no finishNylon insert prevailing torque nuts are sensitive to temperature extremes and must not be used in high heat areas (>120°C or 248°F) or in low temperature situations (< -70°C or -94°F).Lock NutThread M6 M8 M10 M12 M14 M16Thread Pitch 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2s Hex10 13 15 18 21 24d c max 14.2 17.9 21.8 26.0 29.9 34.5d w min 12.2 15.8 19.6 23.8 27.6 31.9m max 8.8 10.7 13.5 16.1 18.2 20.3Part Number 1160 9279 1160 92801160 92811160 92821160 9283 1160 9284REVISION HISTORY06/07/04 Initial Publication David Kramer10/20/04 Fix Typos David KramerHexagon Flange Nuts All-Metal Prevailing TorqueMaterial: Surfacetreatment: Steel, GM510 (9, 10)GMW14100 + WaxProperty class: 9 M6 and smaller10 M8 and largerNOTES For general applications, current GMNA Best Practice is to use All-Metal Prevailing Torque Nuts where prevailing torque nuts are required.All-metal prevailing torque nuts should be used in the following applications:-where high temperatures (>120°C or 248°F) are present-where higher prevailing on and off torques are required-where there is more likelihood of the joint being serviced and the nut re-used-where there are high cyclic or impact loads along the axis of the joint-in safety critical joints where more warning of loosening is requiredLock NutThread M6 M8 M10 M12 M14 M16Thread Pitch 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2s Hex10 13 15 18 21 24d c max 14.2 17.6 21.5 25.6 29.6 34.2d w min 12.2 15.5 19.3 23.4 27.3 31.6m max 7.7 9.4 11.7 14.0 15.9 18.9Part Number 1151 6075 1151 60761151 60771151 60781151 6382 1151 6383For additional data, see General Motors Engineering Standards Section E111REVISION HISTORY05/31/02 M10 HEX SIZE REDUCED TO 15Dimension s was 16 Part Number 11516077 replaces 1151961606/07/04 Application Notes expanded.Updated09/07/04 NotesKramer Typos David10/20/04 FixRectangular Pierce Nuts Type AHStreatment: Material: Steel GM510M Property Class: 9 SurfacePlainNOTES See GM Engineering Standard E172 for design considerations. Typical Applications: Medium load applications with limited push out forces. Parts are available in strip form or as loose parts.Size M6 x 1 M8 x 1.25 M10 x 1.5Part NumberStrip1158 8668 1158 8667 1158 8666Loose1158 8663 1158 8664 1158 8665Range0.64 to 2.29 0.64 to 2.29 0.64 to 2.29RecommendedPanel ThicknessPilot WidthMax9.48 11.10 14.02E Min9.22 10.84 13.76Nut ThicknessMax 5.29 7.22 7.80H Min 5.13 7.06 7.54Max18.16 20.75 24.18Nut LengthM Min17.90 20.49 23.92Nut WidthMax11.61 14.22 15.65N Min11.36 13.89 15.32For additional data, see GM Engineering Standards Section E172REVISION HISTORYMulti-Thread Push-In NutMaterial: Surfacetreatment: Carbon Spring Steel SAE 1050Copper Flash – No Corrosion Resistance ProvidedNOTES For interior body locations against steel or plastic with 4.2 x 1.41 tapping screws.Not for exterior applications. Typical applications include I/P Carriers.Recommended Hole Dimensions *13.70 13.006.205.809.508.9011.4010.8013.0012.60Thread4.2P Pitch 1.41 Grip Range 2.30 - 2.80 Part Number 1156 1629REVISION HISTORY11/16/2004Replaced PN 11517228 with 11561629Sharon Martin. 8/8/2005 Finish and Material specifications corrected. Sharon MartinMulti-Thread U NutsMaterial: Surface treatment: Spring steel GMW14100NOTESM8 parts are not recommended for use against plastic.Short throat is preferred.Recommended Hole DimensionsPANEL RANGE Recommended P TSize 0.8-4.00 2.00-5.00 Throat Punch Size Diameter Panel EdgeM 6x1 1150 7067 1151 6372Short 10.5 9.9-10.7 11.5-12.5M 8x1.25 1151 6149 1151 6201" 12 11.3-12.1 12.5-13.5M 6x1 1151 5478 1151 6648Long 10.5 9.9-10.7 17.5-18.5M 8x1.25 1151 6647 1151 6649" 12 11.3-12.1 19.0-20.0A B C D E K MPart Panel Thickness Throa tThroat Depth Leg Length Leg Width 1 Leg Width 2 Stock Thickness Barrel Height WidthAt FoldSize Number Range Type +/- 0.5 +/- 0.5Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max MinM6 1150 7067 0.8 - 4.0 Short 13.5 23.5 13.012.015.014.00.90 0.70 6.5 5.5 5.2 3.2" 1151 5478 0.8 - 4.0 Long 19.5 29.5 " " " " " " " " " "" 1151 6372 2.0-5.0 Short 13.5 23.5 " " " " " " " " 6.2 5.2" 1151 6648 2.0-5.0 Long 19.5 29.5 " " " " " " " " " "M8 1151 6149 0.8 - 4.0 Short 14.5 25.0 14.713.717.516.51.10 1.00 9.0 7.5 5.2 3.2" 1151 6647 0.8 - 4.0 Long 21.0 31.5 " " " " " " " " " "" 1151 6201 2.0-5.0 Short 14.5 25.0 " " " " " " " " 6.2 5.2" 1151 6649 2.0-5.0 Long 21.0 31.5 " " " " " " " " " "REVISION HISTORYHex Flange 3 Projection Weld Nuttreatment: Material: SurfaceSteel, ISO 898-2PlainProperty class:<M10 = 8 ≥M10=10NOTES Thread Tolerance Class 6E.Typical Applications: High load bearing structural applications where one handed tightening is desirable.Examples: Cockpit to Body, Seat and Seat Belt Attachments, Hinge ApplicationsThread M6 M8 M10 M12 M141 1.25 1.5 1.75 2P Pitch10 13 16 18 21s Hex7 10 13 15 17h maxd c max 18.5 22.5 26.5 30.5 34.5Part Number 1158832211588323115883241158832511588313Size 8.5 11.0 13.0 15.0 17.0HoleREVISION HISTORY13 September, 2002 Property class corrected per Jim Hengle. All sizes are Grade 10. M6 and M8 parts wereincorrectly listed as property class 816 December, 2003 Recommended Hole Sizes added per N. Mennon11 November 2004 Recommended Hole Sizes on M10 and M14 changed per N. MennonUnthreaded 3-Projection Weld Nut NOTES APPLICATION: CONSULT FASTENING ENGINEERING FOR USE GUILDELINES.These nuts are to be used with Taptite Bolt/Screws.Typical applications: Grounds, RRAB, Seat Belt Attachments.M6 M8 M10 M12Part Number 2564 03952042 18692042 32512037 5248H max 6.3 7.9 10.2 13.2D max 19.25 26.8 29.3 32.15Panel Hole Size 8.5 11.0 13.0 15.0Application Grounding Seat BeltFinish Copper Flash Plain Copper FlashPlainMaterial Steel SAE 1008-1018Steel SAE 1008-1018Steel SAE 1008-1018Steel SAE1008-1018REVISION HISTORY16 December, 2003 Initial Publication per N. Mennon14 April, 2004 Part Number 11589021 removed and replaced by Part Number 20423251.Finish corrected on Part Number 20421869 from Copper Flash to Plain.MennonN.Changesper11 November 2004 M10 Hole Size updated per N. MennonPush-Pin (Non-Shouldered Ergonomic)treatment: Material: SurfaceNylon GMP.PA66.015 (Black)NoneNOTES Maximum insertion force = 45 N (10 lbs) when used in the specified hole and panel range.Minimum retention force = 130 N (30 lbs) when used in the specified hole and panel range.Do not use these fasteners in applications where the temperature exceeds 140°C (285°F).These fasteners meet all ergonomic requirements as of November 2004.Part Fits Hole Dia Panel Range A B C DNumber Max Min Max Min Nom Nom Nom Ref11589289 6.75 6.25 4.5 2.0 18.0 2.5 17.5 3.711589290 6.75 6.25 7.0 4.5 18.0 2.5 20.0 3.711589291 6.75 6.25 9.5 7.0 18.0 2.5 22.0 3.711589292 8.75 8.25 4.5 2.0 20.0 2.5 20.0 3.711589293 8.75 8.25 7.0 4.5 20.0 2.5 21.5 3.711589294 8.75 8.25 10.0 7.0 20.0 2.5 24.0 3.711589295 10.75 10.25 6.0 3.0 25.0 2.5 20.0 4.011589296 10.75 10.259.0 6.0 25.0 2.5 23.0 4.011589297 10.75 10.2512.0 9.0 25.0 2.5 26.0 4.0REVISION HISTORY11/11/04 Initial Publication per D. KramerRetainerMaterial: Surfacetreatment: Spring Steel GM6173MNOTES Generally used to temporarily retain fasteners during shipping and assembly.A B C DBolt Part ThreadInsideDiameterOutsideDiameterOverallThicknessStockThicknessSize Number Pitch Max Min Max Min Max Min Max MinM6 1150 5483 1.00 5.40 5.10 12.95 12.45 2.43 1.93 0.270 0.230M8 1150 2504 1.25 7.29 6.99 16.15 15.65 2.35 1.85 0.355 0.305M10 1151 6669 1.50 9.25 8.95 20.10 19.60 2.78 2.02 0.405 0.355M12 1150 5114 1.75 10.95 10.65 21.70 21.20 3.00 2.24 0.405 0.355 For additional data, see GM Engineering Standards Section E131REVISION HISTORYTie StrapsMaterial: Color: Plastic PA 66BlackNOTES Where the length of strap extending beyond the retaining feature following installation may interfere with the function of adjacent components or otherwise be objectionable, appropriate provisions should be made toassure that the excessive length is removed during the assembly operation.See GMW3248 for details.Bundle L B D F PartDiameter nom max max max number3 - 45 200 8.6 8.2 4.8 1190 05123 - 76 290 8.6 7.4 5.33 1190 05133 - 100 380 8.6 7.4 5.33 1190 0514For additional data see GMW3248REVISION HISTORYTie Strap for Panel Hole MountingMaterial:Plastic PA 66 Color:Black Panel thickness:O,7 to 3 mm Hole Diameter:6,35 mm ± 0,25 mmNOTES Where the length of strap extending beyond the retaining feature following installation may interfere with thefunction of adjacent components or otherwise be objectionable, appropriate provisions should be made to assure that the excessive length is removed during the assembly operation.BundlediameterL nom B D max E F max Part No. 3 − 45200 14,78,2 7,45 4,8 11900515For additional data see GMW3251。

伽马相机原始数据 -回复

伽马相机原始数据-回复什么是伽马相机？伽马相机最早是由该行业的领军者之一、美国GoPro公司于2010年推出的。

伽马相机是一种运动型相机，它的外形小巧轻便，具备防水、抗震等功能，并且能够拍摄高清、稳定的影像。

伽马相机的出现彻底颠覆了传统相机市场，为用户提供了更为方便快捷的拍摄体验。

伽马相机的原始数据是指由相机所拍摄的无经过任何处理的数据。

这些数据经过传感器捕捉之后，以数字化的形式储存在存储卡中。

相比其他类型的照片文件，伽马相机的原始数据更为庞大，文件大小通常为几十兆字节至几个几个GB不等。

这是因为伽马相机所采用的传感器具有更高的分辨率和采样率。

伽马相机的原始数据具有以下几个主要特点：1. 捕捉更多细节：由于原始数据没有经过任何压缩或处理，它能够有效地保留照片中的每一个像素。

这意味着相机所捕捉到的原始数据能够保存更多的细节，包括颜色、对比度、亮度等。

这使得用户在后期处理时有更大的自由度。

2. 更大的动态范围：伽马相机的传感器能够捕捉到更大的动态范围。

动态范围表示了图像中最暗和最亮区域之间的差异。

相对于压缩后的图像，原始数据能够保留更多的细节和阴影信息，使得照片在后期处理时具有更大的灵活性。

3. 高质量的输出：由于原始数据储存了更多的信息，因此它能够提供高质量的输出。

无论是将照片打印成摄影作品还是在计算机上编辑和处理，原始数据能够保证图像的质量和细节不受损失。

然而，由于原始数据体积庞大，其处理也相对复杂。

传输和保存原始数据需要更大的存储空间，并且在进行后期处理时需要更为高效的计算机硬件和专业的图像处理软件。

此外，对于普通用户来说，直接使用原始数据也相对复杂，因为它需要专业的后期处理技能。

因此，一般用户更常使用压缩后的JPEG格式图片来满足日常拍摄的需求。

总结来说，伽马相机的原始数据能够提供更高质量和更灵活的图像处理结果。

它能够保留更多的细节和动态范围，并且提供更大的灵活性。

然而，使用原始数据需要更大的存储空间和更复杂的后期处理流程，适合有专业需求或技术水平较高的用户。

fanuc数控铣床GM功能代码全解

最新fanuc数控铣床GM功能代码全解最新fanuc数控铣床GM功能代码全解G代码组别功能附注G0001快速定位模态G01直线插补模态G02顺时针圆弧插补模态G03逆时针圆弧插补模态G0400暂停非模态*G10数据设置模态G11数据设置取消模态G1716XY平面选择模态G18ZX平面选择（缺省）模态G19YZ平面选择模态G2006英制（in）模态G21米制(mm)模态*G2209行程检查功能打开模态G23行程检查功能关闭模态*G2508主轴速度波动检查关闭模态G26主轴速度波动检查打开非模态G2700参考点返回检查非模态G28参考点返回非模态G31跳步功能非模态*G4007刀具半径补尝取消模态G41刀具半径左补尝模态G42刀具半径右补尝模态G4300刀具长度正补尝模态G44刀具长度负补尝模态G45刀具长度补尝取消模态G5000工件坐标原点设置，最大主轴速度设置非模态G52局部坐标系设置非模态G53机床坐标系设置非模态*G5414第一工件坐标系设置模态G55第二工件坐标系设置模态G56第三工件坐标系设置模态G57第四工件坐标系设置模态G58第五工件坐标系设置模态G59第六工件坐标系设置模态G6500宏程序挪用非模态G6612宏程序模态挪用模态*G67宏程序模态挪用取消模态G7300高速深孔钻孔循环非模态G74工旋攻螺纹循环非模态G75精镗循环非模态*G8010钻孔固定循环取消模态G81钻孔循环G84攻螺纹循环模态G85镗孔循环G86镗孔循环模态G87背镗循环模态G89镗孔循环模态G9001绝对坐标编程模态G91增量坐标编程模态G92工件坐标原点设置模态注：1.当机床电源打开或按重置键时，标有"* "符号的G代码被激活，即缺省状态。

2 . 不同组的G代码能够在同一程序段中指定;若是在同一程序段中指定同组G代码,.最后指定的G代码有效。

3.由于电源打开或重置,使系统被初始化时,已指定的G20或G21代码维持有效.4.由于电源打开被初始化时,G22代码被激活;由于重置使机床被初始化时, 已指定的G22或G23代码维持有效.编码字符的意义字符意义A关于X轴的角度尺寸B关于Y轴的角度尺寸C关于Z轴的角度尺寸D刀具半径偏置号E第二进给功能（即进刀速度，单位为 mm/分钟）F第一进给功能（即进刀速度，单位为 mm/分钟）G预备功能H刀具长度偏置号I平行于X轴的插补参数或螺纹导程J平行于Y轴的插补参数或螺纹导程L固定循环返回次数或子程序返回次数M辅助功能N顺序号（行号）O程序编号P平行于X轴的第二尺寸或固定循环参数Q平行于Y轴的第三尺寸或固定循环参数R 平行于Z轴的第三尺寸或循环参数圆弧的半径S主轴速度功能（表标转速，单位为转/分）T第一刀具功能U平行于X轴的第二尺寸V平行于Y轴的第二尺寸W平行于Z轴的第二尺寸X大体尺寸Y大体尺寸Z大体尺寸FANUC数控系统的预备功能M代码及其功能M代码功能附注M00程序停止非模态M01程序选择停止非模态M02程序终止非模态M03主轴顺时针旋转模态M04主轴逆时针旋转模态M05主轴停止模态M06换刀非模态M07冷却液打开模态M08冷却液关闭模态M30程序终止并返回非模态M31旁路互锁非模态M52自动门打开模态M53自动门关闭模态M74错误检测功能打开模态M75错误检测功能关闭模态M98子程序挪用模态M99子程序挪用返回模态数控车床编程:CK6432（FANUC-0TD）数控车床编程一．指令集（Ｘ向如Ｘ、Ｕ等的编程量均采纳直径量）G00：快速定位指令。

集特智能GME-2001

千兆网，2 个 RJ45 千兆高速自适应 10/100/1000M 以太网（Intel I210）； IPMI2.0，独立 IPMI 管理口； COM 口，1 路 COM 接口(RJ45)；
UID 灯
UID 灯(后 IO)
USB 接口 3 个 USB3.0 插座(2 个后 IO 插座,板载内部 1 个)
主板
GME-2001
飞腾国产FT-2000+高性能64核处理器EATX主板
集特GME-2001主板基于飞腾高性能国产 FT-2000+ 64 核处理器，主频2.0GHz/2.2GHz，板上集成蜂鸣器，提供故障警报功能；提供UID 定位灯功能，主板尺寸、内部接口和信号定义上符合 EEB 主板规范。
插槽接口
PCIE 扩展，通过 PEX Switch 芯片支持： 2 个 PCI-E×16 slot 插槽： 1 个支持 PCI-E3.0×16; 1 个支持 PCI-E3.0×8; 4 个 PCI-E ×8 slot 插槽: 1 个支持 PCI-E3.0×8; 3 个支持 PCI-E3.0×4; 支持 1 个 MINI PCI-e ×1（接国产加密卡）
产品参数：
处理器内存存储显示
通信
CPU FT-2000+ 64 核处理器，频率 2.0GHz（最大 2.2GHz）TDP 100Wபைடு நூலகம்
8 根 DDR4 ECC RDIMM 288Pin 插槽（标准电压版 1.2V） SATA 接口 4 个 SATA3.0 立式 7pin 接口，支持 RAID 0/1/10 M.2 接口，1 个 M.2 PCIE x4 插槽，支持 2260/2280/22110 1 个 VGA 接口
物理参数符合 EATX 板型

眩目的“黑超”帝国

眩目的“黑超”帝国许多热到爆棚的时尚元素从生活角度来看是反情境的，譬如冬季身着皮草脚踏木根皮靴，偏偏露出一双美腿。

或者是时尚界人称“黑超”的墨镜，诞生之日原是阻挡强光、强风的劳动用品，却成了昼伏夜出的潮人也必备的风尚标。

无论是明星还是路人，黑超实在是居家旅行街拍凹造型必备元素。

遮阳挡光、素颜出街还是小事，鲜明轮廓和独特气质才是人们钟情于它的原因。

遮住双眼和大片面孔，却为了谋杀菲林让镜头更关注自己，“黑超”代表着欲扬先抑的张扬，和吸引关注的距离感。

譬如终日黑超不离脸的王家卫，在《重庆森林》中留下这样一段话：“不知道什么时候开始，我变成了一个很小心的人，每次我穿雨衣的时候，我都会戴太阳眼镜，你永远都不知道什么时候会下雨，什么时候出太阳。

”“墨镜男”是否因为这个才总是戴着墨镜，不得而知。

不过他的电影在缠绵吞吐的文艺气息中，涌动着男女内心的骚动，倒是很符合“黑超”本身的特质。

优雅出击即使拥有世界上最明亮的眼眸，也难以抗拒有型有款的墨镜，这就是黑超的魅力。

尽管全世界影迷爱死了赫本黑白分明的清纯双眼，无论是时尚杂志还是电影导演，仍不厌其烦地让她展示专属黑超的风采。

跟赫本式小黑裙一样，赫本的超大框黑超，几乎便是优雅的别称。

小黑裙与大框黑超双美合璧，则是在电影《蒂凡尼早餐》（1961）里，尤其是在珠宝橱窗前吃可颂面包的那一刻。

到了1963年电影《谜中谜》中，已经33岁的奥黛丽?赫本，围着丝巾戴上那副超大框的黑色太阳镜时，的确散发出与《罗马假日》青春萌动时全然不同的谜一般的气质。

她钟爱的这类款式就是中国人俗称的“蛤蟆镜”。

蛤蟆镜刚进入国门时，似乎还跟流氓青年纠缠不清。

而在西方，这类黑超的名字便是《谜中谜》的英文名――Charade。

赫本经典的大黑框黑超，出自太阳镜鼻祖雷朋（Ray-Ban，意即遮挡眩光）设计师之手，是其徒步旅行者（wayfarer）系列的2140款，迄今仍然热卖。

50年间女装潮流变幻不定，黑超却只有极微小的改动，所谓经典，也不过如此了。

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WWP Supplier QualityProcess Control Plan Audit WorksheetGeneral Motors Corp. GM 1962 - B November 6, 2001 Published by Worldwide PurchasingSupplier Name: Date:Supplier Number:Auditor (SQE /SQI ):Plant Location Country Participants: Buyer Com. Mgr Exec Part name: Commodity: Creativity Team: Part number: Model Year: Program:Drawing Date:Eng. Change Level EWO/ODM #:PPAP/Benestare Status: Product Validation/Qualificazione Complete: YesPowertrain Part? No Safety Related Part ? YesNo1. Are actual drawings available at production facility with the latest change level?* 2. Does the supplier have the final customer (GM/Fiat) approved drawing? 3. Is the print completed? (Tolerances, GD&T, Correct datums, KPCs, etc.) 4. Are all Technical regulations/CTS/SSTS available?5. If supplier is design responsible has DFMEA been used to develop the PFMEA?*QUALITY SYSTEM DOCUMENTATION6. Is a Process Flow Diagram available and is it acceptable (including receiving, rework, labeling,scrap, gauging/inspection and shipping)?*7. Is there a PFMEA available and is it acceptable (RPNs, numbers match Process flow and include KPC/PQC/KCCs); any evidence that it is a living document?*8. Is there a Process Control plan (PCP) available, and is it acceptable (numbers match PFMEA &Process flow, incl KPC/PQC/KCCs, GP-12 if applicable and latest EWO/ODM included)?*9. Are all “Current Controls” listed on th e PFMEA detailed on the Control Plan?* 10. Are process controls in place in the PCP to address the high PFMEA Risk Priority Numbers? * 11. Are KPC/PQC/KCCs called out on the PCP with gauging, sample size, frequency?*12. Are sample sizes and check frequency for each operation reasonable?*QUALITY SYSTEM PLAN IMPLEMENTATION13. Does an approved supplier list exist for all components needed for the assembled part? * 14. Are controls in place to ensure only approved incoming material released for production?* 15. When parts require traceability, do controls link component traceability to the final part? (FIFO) * 16. Is the workplace properly configured and matches Process Flow Diagram?17. Are all tools and gage available and properly identified, calibrated and certified? * 18. Are proper operator instructions available for each operation?* - Sufficient to run the job properly, including handling non-conforming parts? * - Are boundary samples available to operators and in use?* 19. Do all gages have operator instructions attached and clearly visible?* 20. Do the operators understand the instructions? Have operators been properly trained? * 21. Are Master Parts available to confirm inspection and error proofing devices?* 22. Is there a preventive maintenance plan on tools, equipment, auxillary equipment--is it followed? * 23. Do process control instructions correspond to the control plan? * 24. Are described tests and inspections actually performed as stated? * 25. Are operators aware of KPCs/KCCs?26. Where the Process Control Plan calls for SPC is the data properly recorded? Does the data make sense and are reasonable control limits shown? * * 27. Are out of control points noted with the corrective action taken?* 28. Are product audits showing acceptable results (incoming matr‟l, in -process, final product)? * 29. Does the manufacturing process demonstrate the required capability (Ppk, Cpk, Cmk)? * 30. Does packaging and material handling protect parts from damage?* 31. Are instructions for handling Work In Process (WIP) and final product well documented andfollowed throughout the process to shipping area; including repair/rework areas? * 32. Does the supplier conduct a …customer audit‟ on ready to ship parts?QUALITY SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION BY MANAGEMENT33. Does tracking mechanism exist for downtime, scrap, premium freight, plant problem reports? * 34. Are out of control conditions managed? Are Action Plans (AP) followed?- Is responsibility for implementation assigned and do people understand their responsibility? * 35. Are problems quickly communicated to people who can help?* - Does the support system respond to the operator?* 36. If more than one shift, does information get passed across shifts?* 37. Cost of Errors (Money): Are all quality items (customer concerns, problem reports, warrantyetc.) tracked back through the PFMEA and control plan to determine where the system failed?38. Have PFMEA, Process Control Plan instructions been updated?WWP Supplier Quality Corrective Action PlanGeneral Motors Corp. GM 1962 - B November 6, 2001 Published by Worldwide PurchasingSupplier Name: Date:Supplier No.: Auditor (SQE/SQI ):Plant Location Country Participants: Part name: Commodity:Creativity Team: Part number: Model Year:Program:Shaded lines to be used as dividers between different sections if neededCopy received by:Supplier Representative。