中考英语语法考点复习 介词 苏教版
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透析中考英语语法介词考点
【介词命题趋势】
1、表示时间的介词
2、表示方位和运动方向的介词
3、常用介词用法辨析
4、介词与其它词类的搭配
1)形容词与介词的搭配
2)动词与介词的搭配
3)名词与介词的搭配
【考点诠释】
一、考查简单介词的用法
【考例】-When did Hong Kong return to our motherland?
一____July 1st,1997.[福州市]
A.On B In C At D For
A本题的四个选项都可以放在表示时间的单词(组)前面,in,on,at往往在时间点的前面,for往往引导一个时间段。1997年7月1日是一个具体的时间,在具体到某一天,用介词on。I'd like a cup of coffee __________some sugar and milk. [广东省]
A. in
B. to
C. of
D. with
DA选项介词in,表示“在……里面”;B选项介词to表方向,意为“到,向”;
C项of表“所属关系”,意为“……的”;D项介词with作“带有;用_力口”等讲。由句意“我想要一杯加糖和牛奶的咖啡。”可知,选项D正确。
--Oh, so many people in the amusement park!
-- Nobody likes to stay at home __ Sunday morning. [太原市]
A. in
B. on
C. at
B此题考查介词的用法。三个选择都可以用来表示时间,at多用于具体时间点前,在上、下午及晚上常用介词in,但具体到某一天的上、下午要用介词on。
二、考查介词之间的辨析
【考例】The moon light is coming in _________ the window and the room seems quiet and beautiful. [成都市]
A, across B. through C. over
B across表示横过,从一边到另一边,through从内部穿过,over表示从物体表面通过。“月光透过窗子射进来……”故不能选A。
Be careful when you come _______ the street, because the traffic is very busy at the moment. (年山东济宁)
A. across
B. behind
C. between
D. over
【剖析】答案为A。本题考察方位介词的用法。“过马路”一般为表面横穿,因此要用across。--Look, a blind man is in the middle of the street, It's too dangerous.
--Let's go and help him _________the road. [河南省]
A. through
B. along
C. across
D. over
C横穿马路要用across表示“从一边到另一边”而不用through,through用于穿过森林等。
三、考查成语介词与介词固定搭配
【考例】You must always be careful _________ electricity.It’s dangerous.[沈阳市]
A.to B at C for D.with
D.be careful with(of/about)…对……注意(警惕),句意为“你必须时刻注意用电,那很危险。”
Boys and girls, wish you to do well in the English exam __ a light heart. Good luck to every-one! [哈尔滨市]
A. on
B. with
C. without
B考查介词用法。with a light heart以一种轻松的心态(with表伴随)。with是中考的重要考点,有如下几种用法:①有,带着②表方式或工具,write with a pen用钢笔书写③表伴随a house with a big garden带有大花园的房子。
Mary bought a house ________a small garden. She will move in next week. [昆明市]
A. from
B. with
C. for
D. of
B本题由句意人手破解,玛丽买了一处“带有”花园的房子,这儿可用介词with,意为“具有;带有”,所以B项正确。
一I hear you have got a ticket ___________the 0pening Ceremony of the Beijing Olympics.
一Yes.I got it __________my uncle.[黄冈市]
A.of;from B to.by C to;from D.for;to
C考查介词的用法。本题易错选项为A…….的答案/钥匙/票,都要用to,而不能用of。故不能选A。
It was a great day but We did not enjoy it____ the beginning.[苏州]
A.on B.for C.with D.at
答案:D解析:此处考查固定短语“在……开始时”,用介词at,故选D。
It is important ____us students to make a plan ____our studies before a new term starts.[·连云港)
A.for;for B.of:for C.to;of D.with:on
答案:A解析:此题考查介词for的用法,第一空It is important for sb.to do sth.;第二空for our studies为我们的学习,表目的。
It's necessary for us to take one hour's exercise every day. I agree _________you. [吉林省]
A. at
B. to
C. on
D. with
D agree with sb同意某人的观点。注意agree with与agree to的区别。agree with +sb“同意某人的观点”;agree to+动词原形“同意干某事”。
一How are you going to the Summer Palace?
一We're going there _____________bike.[北京市]
A for
B at
C of D.by
D考查短语by bike"骑自行车”。要注意区分:take a bike to+某地一go to+某地+by bike。[ 连云港]
This ____woman has devoted all her life____ caring for the poor.
A.modest;with B.kind; to C.selfish;for D.unfair;at
答案:B解析:第一空意为“这位善良的妇女”,故选kind,第二空,devote…to…指献身于……,to后跟动名词或名词,故本题选B。
【语法回顾】
1. 介词的功能
介词是一种虚词,用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系,不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语,状语,表语和宾语补足语。例如:
The boy over there is John’s brother. 在那儿的那个男孩是约翰的弟弟。(定语)