2018年考研英语二真题答案及解析

2018年考研(英语二)试题答案解析(完整版)

2018年考研英语二试题答案解析完整版Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones wou ld shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what woul d 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails o n a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it ca n 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that cur iosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,howev er. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewin g an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagi ning the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curi osity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.1. A.resolve B.protect C.discuss D.ignore2.A.refuse B.wait C.seek D.regret3.A.rise st C.mislead D.hurt4.A.alert B.tie C.expose D.treat5.A.message B.trial C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.weaken C.deliver D.interrupt7. A.Unless B.If C.Though D.When8. A.happen B.continue C.disappear D.change9. A.rather than B.such as C.regardless of D.owing to10. A.disagree B. forgive C.forget D.discover11. A.pay B.marriage C.food D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.learn from D.lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C .persistence D.diligence14.A.self-destiuctive B.self-reliant C. self-evident D.self-deceptive15.A.resist B.define C.replace D.trace16.A.predict B.overlook C.design D.conceal17. A.remember B.choose C.promise D.pretend18. A.relief B.plan C.outcome D.duty19.A. whether B.why C.where D.how20. A.limitations B.investments C.strategies D.consequences 1. A解析：句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。

2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析

2018年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingern ails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter ,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,ho wever. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after vie wing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that i magining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects o f curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.1. A. resolve B. protect C. discuss D. ignore2.A. refuse B. wait C. seek D. regret3.A. rise B. last C. mislead D. hurt4.A. alert B. tie C. expose D .treat5.A. message B. trial C. review D. concept6.A. remove B. weaken C. deliver D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear D. change9. A. rather than B. such as C. regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11. A. pay B. marriage C. food D. schooling12.A. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence D. diligence14.A. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive15.A. resist B. define C. replace D. trace16.A. predict B. overlook C. design D. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome D. duty19.A. whether B. why C. where D. how20. A .limitations B. investments C. strategies D. consequences1. A解析：句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。

2018年考研英语[二]真题和参考答案解析

2018考研英语（二）真题及参考答案（完整版）SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise st C.hurt D.mislead4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evidentD.self-destructive15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategiesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wak e-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at a ll. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digitaleconomy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and getmore done in less time.“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyone Conversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41._____A_______Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. I t feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could ha ppen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.______F______It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s g oing on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43._____E_______When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44._____B_______Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45._____D_______You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Tra nslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.【参考译文】一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。

2018考研英语二真题答案解析

2018年研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 canbackfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.1. A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regretstC.misleadD.hurt4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt7. A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When8. A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change9. A.rather thanB.such asC.regardless ofD.owing to10. A.disagreeB. forgiveC.forgetD.discover11. A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling12.A.begin withB.rest onC.learn fromD.lead to13.A. withdrawalB. inquiryC .persistenceD.diligence14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC. self-evidentD.self-deceptive15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal17. A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend18. A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty19.A. whetherB.whyC.whereD.how20. A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequencesSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype..that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomesone-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversiy of gifts.21.A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of______.A.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.There existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.A.are financially disadvantagedB.are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD.have no career motivation23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.A.are entitled to more “ducational privilegesB.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.The headlong push into bacheloi’s degrees for all_____.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD.indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as_____.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautious21. 答案C practical ability这是一道细节题，根据题干关键词可定位至第二段最后一句话,意思是”什么时候这种观点变得可接受了呢?学生应该能够说出美国第十三任总统的名字，但是却完全对坏了的自行车链束手无策”。

2018考研英语二真题及答案及解析

2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that peoplewiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked. Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only tha t some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would sh ock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Su bsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkb oard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says C hristopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 n ew scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final e xperiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant pi cture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of followi ng through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other wo rds,don't read online comments.1. A.resolve B.protect C.discuss D.ignore2.A.refuse B.wait C.seek D.regret3.A.rise st C.mislead D.hurt4.A.alert B.tie C.expose D.treat5.A.message B.trial C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.weaken C.deliver D.interrupt7. A.Unless B.If C.Though D.When8. A.happen B.continue C.disappear D.change9. A.rather than B.such as C.regardless of D.owing to10. A.disagree B. forgive C.forget D.discover11. A.pay B.marriage C.food D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.learn from D.lead to13.A. withdrawal B. inquiry C .persistence D.diligence14.A.self-destiuctive B.self-reliant C. self-evident D.self-deceptive15.A.resist B.define C.replace D.trace16.A.predict B.overlook C.design D.conceal17. A.remember B.choose C.promise D.pretend18. A.relief B.plan C.outcome D.duty19.A. whether B.why C.where D.how20. A.limitations B.investments C.strategies D.consequences 1. 【答案】A【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。

2018考研英语二真题及答案解析

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously he painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B remember C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategiesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSH ER SHEET.(40points)Text1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization,but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week's cover story.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a trafficked desk stuck.With generations of discarded chewing gum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he's also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype...that it's for kids who can't make it academically,"he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new mantra.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor's degrees for all--and the subtle devaluing of anything less--misses an important point:That's not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor's degree opens more doors.But even now,54percent of the jobs in the country aremiddl2-skill job,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only44percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has numbered the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them Koziatek's Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Kcziatek's school is wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risksoverlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show student's lack of().A.Academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who().A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.We can infer from Paragraph5that high school graduates().ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all()A.helps create a lot of middle-class jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25The author's attitude toward Koziatek's school can be described as().A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText2While fossil fuels--coal,oil,gas--still generate roughly85percent of the world's energy supply,it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than ha1f of new power sources going on line.Some growth stem from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of undesirables, especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by80percent and the cost of wind turbines by close one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland, for example,wind turbines provide enough electricity to power95percent of homes.While the rest of the world lakes the lead,notably China and Europe,the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than10 percent of the power generated in the Us,reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels--especially coal--as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa,he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa,where wind turbines dot the fields and provide36percent of the state's electricity generation--and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn't blow or the sun doesn't shine?"has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufactures,who are placing big bets on battery--powered vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there's a long way to go,the trend lines for undesirables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up--perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in showing climate change.What Washington docs-or doesn't do--to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shit in thought.26.The word“plummeting"(line3,Para.2)is closest in meaning to_____.A.stabilizingB.ChangingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph3,the use of renewable energy in America_____.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa,_____.A.wind is a widely used energy source.B.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giant s are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.C.It is commonly used in car manufacturingC.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is mot competitive enough with regard to its costText3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing-Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the Whats App messaging service.which doesn't have any physical product at all.what Whats App offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users'friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identifies,but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Even without knowing what was in the messages,the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.What Political journalist,what party whip,would not want to know the makeup of the Whats App groups in which Theresa May"s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value to Amazon is not so much the460shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy.For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within in the digital economy.By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem,too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious w hen the users of these services don't pay for them.The users of their services are not their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them-and Facebook and Google,the two virtual giants,dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they're selling is data,and we,the users,convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed:G-mail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn't feel like a human or democratic relationship,even if both sides benefit.31.According to Paragraph1,Facebook acquired Whats App for its()digital productsA.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may()A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law()A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing market34Competition1aw as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook us()becauseA.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate()A.win-win business model between digital giantsB.typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants'customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Gal Newport,anther of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Districted world,recommends building a habit of“deep work",the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the mastering the art of deep work-be it lengthy retreats,dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends"deep scheduling"1o combat constant interruptions and get more down in less time.At any given point,I should has dep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like,I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting,he writes.Another approach to getting more down in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day-in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford,author of Messy.The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early1980s,that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and golds in much time detail day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Hartford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while living room for improvisation in such a list can reap the be st results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy.We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggest s,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body..[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,"he argues.Sriri Pillaly an assistant of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due lot he way cur brains operate.w hen our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What don't realize is that in order to complete the set asks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain"says Pillay.36The key to mastering the art of deep work is toA.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD seize every minute to work37.The study in the early1980s cited by Harvard shows thatA.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38.According to Newport,idleness isA.desirable mental state for busy peopleB.major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work.39.Pillay believes that our brains'shift between being focused and unfocusedA.can result in Psychological will-beingB.can bring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at a better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly aboutA.ways10relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment,places,thingsE.Find the“me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive Ways to Make Conversation with Any OneConversations arc links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with41.Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person"this is something the mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something-the first word-but it just won't come out.It feels like it is stuck somewhere,I knowthe feelings and here is my advice just get it out.Just think:that is the worst that could happen?They won't talk with you?Well,they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple:H","Hey”or“Hello”---do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put and say"Hi”.42.It's a problem all of us face:you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk,memorable.a46.Translate the following text from English into Chinese.Write your translation on ANSWER SHET2.(15points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.He ticks“astronaut”but quickly adds“scientist"to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough,he can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads---everything from encyclopaedias to science fiction novels.He reads so fervently that his parents have to institute a“no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn't stopped reading yet---not even after becoming one ofthe most successful people on the planet.Nowadays,his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books:recently,he revealed that he reads at least50nonfiction books a year.Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they es plain how the world woks.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore,"---Gates say.有一个五年级的学生,拿到了一门家庭作业，要他在一系列职业名单中选出自己未来的职业之路。

2018年考研英语二真题答案及解析

2018 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）真题答案详解
Section I Use of English
命题分析：
本文介绍了好奇心给人们带来的负面影响。文章难度不大，常考的总分结构、词汇与搭配辨析和逻辑关系（指代、并列、转折、列举等）再次成为考点。部分段落里的长难句也在提醒考生要有基本的语法功底。另外，本文多次出现语义的重复，对解题也有极大的帮助。
芝加哥大学的奚恺元，即这篇论文的合著者，表示（10）探索的动力在人类体内根深蒂固，与对（11）食物或住处（shelter）的基本动力几乎相同。好奇心经常被认为是一种好的本能（instinct）——例如，它能（12）带来新的科学进步——但有时候这种（13）探究可能会适得其反。好奇心会驱使你做（14）自我毁灭的事情，这种洞察力（insight）是真知灼见（a profound one）。
译文识词：
人们为什么浏览网络上的负面（negative）评论，并且做其他明显会痛苦的事情呢？根据《心理科学》上发表的一项最新研究可知，因为人们都有（1）解决不确定性的内在（inherent）需要。这项新研究揭示（reveal）：渴望了解的需求如此强烈以至于人们会（2）设法满足自己的好奇心（curiosity），即使答案很明显会（3）令人痛苦。
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4、【答案】[D]
【解析】固定搭配题。空格位于不定式符号 to 之后，与其后的 oneself to sth.构成动词短语；空格处动作的发出者是 students，上文表明人们为了满足好奇心，愿意去做令自己痛苦的事情，故答案为 D，表示为了满足好奇心而让自己接触令人不悦的刺激物。
11、【答案】[D]

2018考研英语二真题及解析(文字完整版

2018考研英语二真题及解析（文字完整版）2018年研究生入学统一考试英语二真题及解析已经公布，详情如下：Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people wiill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct-it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profoundone.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the 18 of followingthrough on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee says.In other words,don't read online comments.1. A.resolveB.protectC.discussD.ignore2.A.refuseB.waitC.seekD.regretstC.misleadD.hurt4.A.alertB.tieC.exposeD.treat5.A.messageB.trialC.reviewD.concept6.A.removeB.weakenC.deliverD.interrupt7. A.UnlessB.IfC.ThoughD.When8. A.happenB.continueC.disappearD.change9. A.rather thanB.such asC.regardless ofD.owing to10. A.disagreeB. forgiveC.forgetD.discover11. A.payB.marriageC.foodD.schooling12.A.begin withB.rest onC.learn fromD.lead to13.A. withdrawalB. inquiryC .persistenceD.diligence14.A.self-destiuctiveB.self-reliantC. self-evidentD.self-deceptive15.A.resistB.defineC.replaceD.trace16.A.predictB.overlookC.designD.conceal17. A.rememberB.chooseC.promiseD.pretend18. A.reliefB.planC.outcomeD.duty19.A. whetherB.whyC.whereD.how20. A.limitationsB.investmentsC.strategiesD.consequencesSection ⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts togive his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire highschool where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to namethe 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bikechain?As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarilygained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen asalmost a mark of inferiority.Schools in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype..that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy onceoffered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the newprinciple.We want more for our kids,and rigitfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all -and the subtle devaluing of anything less-misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy neds.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens more doors.But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its politicalhead,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers whoneed those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversiy of gifts.21.A brokan bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of______.A.mechanical memorizationB.academic trainingC.practical abilityD.pioneering spirit22.There existsthe prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.A.are financially disadvantagedB.are not academically successfulC.have a stereotyped mindD.have no career motivation23.We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates______.A.are entitled to more “ducational privilegesB.are reluctant to work in manufacturinged to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concerns24.The headlong push into bacheloi’s degrees for all_____.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.is expected to yield a better-trained workforceD.indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as_____.A.supportiveB.disappointedC.tolerantD.cautious21. 答案 C practical ability。

2018全国考研英语(二)真题及答案.doc

2018考研英语（二）真题及参考答案（完整版）SectionⅠ Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B], [C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’ willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 , each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do 14 things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to 17 to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says. In other words, don’t read online comments.1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise st C.hurt D.mislead4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategiesSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B], [C] or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, but practical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schoo l in the family of vocational education “have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,” he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs, but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’ lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly 85 percent of the world’s energy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”（Line 3，Para.2）is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through．Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be．What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power．But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power．But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them．The users of their services are not their customers．That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies．The product they’re selling is d ata，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield．Ants keep predatory insects away from wheretheir aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit．31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of “deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic” approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day. Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deep scheduling” to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;i t is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically, necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to us e both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”. says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to ________.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that ________.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new people at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41._____A_______Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us. You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out. It feels like itis stuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow. So keep it simple: “Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.______F______It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”, “how are you?”and“what’s g oing on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so mem orable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43._____E_______When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point. When you start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44._____B_______Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone, and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in that communication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45._____D_______You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” t o the list and selects it as well. The boy is convinced thatif he reads enough. He can explore as many career paths as he likes. And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to ins titute a “no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they ex plain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.【参考译文】一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。

2018年考研英语(二)真题及参考答案解析[完整版]

范文范例指导学习2018 考研英语（二）真题及参考答案（完整版）来源：文都教育Section Ⅰ Use of English Directions:Read the following text.Choosethe best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A],[B],[C] or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviouslybe painful? Because humans have aninherentneedto 1uncertainty, accordingto arecentstudy in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is strongthat peoplewill 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3 .In a series of experiments, behavioral scientists at the University ofChicago andthe Wisconsin school of Business testedstudents ’ willingness to 4 themselves tounpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfycuriosity. For one5 , each participantwasshown apile of pens that theresearcherclaimed were from aprevious experiment. The twist?Half of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students weretold withpens wereelectrified; anothertwenty-seven weretold only that some were electrified. 7 left alone in the room. Thestudents who didnot know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than thestudents who knew that would 8 . Subsequent experiments reproduced thiseffect withotherstimuli, 9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgustinginsects.The driveto 10 is deeply rooted in humans, much the same as the basic drives for11 or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is oftenconsidered a good instinct — itcan 12new scientific advances, forinstance—butsometimes such 13 can backfire. The insight that curiosity candrive you to do 14things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to 15 , however.In a finalexperiment, participantswho were encouraged to 16how they would feel afterviewinganunpleasantpicture wereless likelyto 17 to see such an image. These results suggestthatimaginingthe 18of throug on one’scuriosity ahead of time can determine 19 it i worthfollowing h help sthe endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possiblenegativeeffects of curiosity, ”Hsee says. In other words,don’t read onlinecomments.1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve 2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise st C.hurt D.mislead4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrup t7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen9.A.such as B.ratherthanC.regardlessof D.owing to10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schoolin g12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn fromword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evidentD.self-destructive15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategie sSection IIReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A],[B],[C]or [D].Mark youranswers onthe ANSWERSHEET. (40points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify hisefforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire highschool where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization, butpractical. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13thpresident of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarilygained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generationsof discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he ’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seenas almost a mark of inferiority. School in the family of vocational education “have thatstereotype...that it ’s for kids who can ’t make it academically, ”　he says .On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.Manufacturingis not the economic engine that it once was.The job securitythat the US economy once offeredto high school graduates has largely evaporated. More education is the new principle.Wewant more for our kids,and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor ’s d egrees for all —and the subtle devaluing ofanything less —misses an important point:That ’s not the only thing the American economyneeds.Yes,a bachelor ’s degree opensmoredoors.Buteven now,54 percent of the jobs in thecountry are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America isvanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-classjobs, but the workerswho need those jobs most aren ’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School ofTechnology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek ’s school is a wake-up call. Wheneducation becomes one-size-fits-all,it risksoverlooking a nation ’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students ’lack of .A.academic trainingB.practical abilityword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习C.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author ’s attitude toward Koziatek ’s school can be described as .A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText 2Whilefossil fuels —coal ，oil， gas —stillgenerate roughly85percentof theworld ’ senergy supply, it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources suchas wind andsolar.The move to renewablesispicking up momentumaround theworld ： Theynowaccount for more than half of new power sourcesgoing on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fundcleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices ofrenewables ， especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percentand the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the pasteight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principalenergy source.InScotlan d ， forexample， wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95percent ofhomes.Whilethe rest of t he world takesthelead ，notablyChina and Europe ， the UnitedStatesis alsoseeingaremarkableshift.InMarch，for the firsttime ，wind andsolar power accountedfor more than 10percent ofthe power generatedin theUS，reportedthe US EnergyInformationAdministratio n.President Trump hasunderlinedfossil fuels—especiallycoal — asthe pathtoeconomicgrowth. In a recent speech in Iowa ，hedismissedwind power as anunreliable energy source.Butthat message did not play well with many in Iowa ， where wind turbines dot the fields andprovide 36 percent of thestate ’s electricitygeneration — and where tech giants likeMicrosoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy topower their datacenters.The question “what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine? ”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteriesis making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.word 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers ， who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are stilla rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change thepicture rapidly in coming years.While there ’　s a long way to go ， the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The paceof change in energy sources appears to be speeding up — perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do— to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word “plummeting ”（Line 3 ， Para.2 ） is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph 3 ， the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa, .A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of thegiantsofthedigitaleconomyis astonishing — Amazon hasjust announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foodsfor$13.5bn ， but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messagingservice ，which doesn ’t have any physicalproduct at a ll. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was anintricate and finely detailed web of itsusers’friendships and sociallives ．Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbersto Facebookidentities，but it broke thepromisealmostas soon as thedealwentthrough ．Evenwithout knowing what was in the messages ， the knowledge of who sent them and to whomwasenormously revealing andstillcouldbe． Whatpoliticaljournalist， whatparty whip ， wouldnot want to know the makeup of the Whats App groups in which TheresaMay ’ s enemies arecurrentlyplotting?It may be that thevalue of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the460shops it owns, but the records of which customers have purchasedwhat.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances ofpower ． Butit is clumsy. For onething, itis veryslow compared to the pace ofchangewithin the digitalword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习economy. By the time a problem has beenaddressed and remedied it may have vanished in themarketplace, to bereplacedby new abuses of power． Butthere isa deeperconceptual problem,too. Competition law as presentlyinterpreted deals with financial disadvantage toconsumers and thisis not obvious when theusersoftheseservices don’t pay for them． Theusers oftheirservices are not theircustomers ． That would bethe people who buy advertisingfrom them — and Facebook and Google ， the two virtualgiants， dominate digitaladvertisingto the disadvantage of all other media and entertainmentcompanies ．The product they ’reselling isdata ， and we， the users ，convert ourlives to data forthe benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor thehoneydew they produce when theyfeed,so Google farms usfor the data that ourdigital livesyield ． Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps thespammers out of ourinboxes. It doesn ’t feel like a human or democraticrelationship ，even if both sidesbenefit ．31.According to Paragraph 1, Facebook acquired WhatsAppfor its. A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digitalgiants ’customers D.the relationship betweendigital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world, recommends building a habit of “deep work”— the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work — be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic ”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends “deepscheduling ”　to c ombat constant interruptions and getword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习more done in less time. “At any given point,Ishould have deep work scheduled for ro ughlythe next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor ’s appointmentor important meeting ”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritizeyour day— in particular how we craft our to-do l ists.Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Powerof Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early 1980s that dividedundergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be mosteffective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plansdemotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions oftenrender the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room forimprovisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime,oras Newport suggests, “be lazy. ”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable tobe brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is, paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done, ”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believesthis counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due tothe way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused andunfocused on a task,theytend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to useboth the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain ”. says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to________. A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37.The study in the early 1980s cited by Harford shows that________. A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable tostudying C. students are hardlymotivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38.According to Newport, idleness is________. A.a desirable mental state forbusy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39. Pillay believes that our brains ’ shift between being focused and unfocused _______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about _______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busylife B.approaches to getting more donein less timeword 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习C.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in theleft column to its corresponding information in the right column. Thereare two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on theANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the “me too ”ｓF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a new persona link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment willstrengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, newpeople at work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting aconversation with them will form alink.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and starta conversation with strangers.41._____A_______Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and somethingwithin you says“Iwant to talk with this person ”— this is something the mostly happens with all of us. Youwanted to say something — the first word —but it just won ’t come out.I t feels like itisstuck somewhere, I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won’t talk with you? Well, theyare not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple: “Hi ”, “Hey”or “Hello ”—do the best you can to gather all of theenthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say “Hi ”．42.______F______It ’s a problem all of us face : you have limited time with the person that you wantto talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck in the rut of “hi ”, “hello ”, “how areyou? ”and“what’sgoing on? ”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that ’s can make itso memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you ’ll be surprised tosee how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43._____E_______When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the things which youand that person have in commonso that you can build the conversation from that point. Whenyou start conversation from there and then move outwards, you’ll find all of a sudden thatthe conversation becomes a lot easier.44._____B_______word 版本整理分享范文范例指导学习Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response “I can multitask ”．So when someone tries to communicate with you, just be in thatcommunication wholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel theconversation.45._____D_______You all came into a conversation where you first met the person, but after some timeyou may have met again and have forgotten their name. Isn ’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with; perhaps theplaces they have been to the place they want to go, the things they like, the thing thehate —whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing.So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That ’s it . Five amazing ways that you can make conversationwith almost anyone. Everyperson is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ　Tra nslation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese. Your translation should be written on the ANSWERSHEET. (15 points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path froma listof occupations. He ticks “astronaut ”　but quickly adds “scientist ”　to the list andselects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough. He can explore as manycareer paths as he likes. And so he reads —everything from encyclopedias to science fictionnovels. He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy ”atthe dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn ’t stopped reading yet —not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books; recently, he revealed that he readsat least so nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explainhow the world works. “Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge, ”Gates says.【参考译文】一个五年级的学生需要完成一份作业，作业的内容是要从工作清单中选出自己未来的职业。

2018年考研英语二真题与解答

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful? Because humans have an inherent need to___1___ uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will ___2__ to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will ___3___.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago Booth School of Business and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to ___4___ themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one ___5___, each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twist? Half of the pens would ___6___ an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were rigged; another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified. ___7___ left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurredmore jolts than the students who knew what would ___8___. Subsequent experiments replicated this effect with other stimuli, ___9___ the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to ___10___ is deeply ingrained in humans, much the same as the basic drives ___11___ or shelter, says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago, a co-author of the paper. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can ____12___ new scientific advances, for instance—but sometimes such __ 13____ can backfire. The insight that curiosity can drive you to do ____14____ things is a profound one.Unhealthy curiosity is possible to ___15___, however. In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to ___16___ how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to ___17____ to see such an image. These results suggest that imagining the ___18_ _ of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine___ 19____ it is worth the endeavor. ―Thinking about long-term ___20___ is key to mitigating the possible negative effects of curiosity,Hsee says. In other words, don't read online comments.1. A. ignore B. protect C. discuss D. resolve2. A. refuse B. seek C. wait D. regret3. A. rise B. last C. hurt D. mislead4. A. alert B. expose C. tie D. treat5. A. trial B. message C. review D. concept6. A. remove B. deliver C. weaken D. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. When D. Though8. A. change B. continue C. disappear D. happen9. A. such as B. rather than C.regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. discover D. forget11.A. pay B. food C. marriage D. schooling12.A. begin with B. rest on C. lead to D. learn from13.A. inquiry B. withdrawal C. persistence D. diligence14.A. self-deceptive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-destructive15.A. trace B. define C. replace D. resist16.A. conceal B. overlook C. design D. predict17.A. choose B. remember C. promise D. pretend18.A. relief B. outcome C. plan D. duty19.A. how B. why C. where D. whether20.A.limitations B. investments C. consequences D. strategiesSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing [A],[B],[C] or[ D]. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr. Koziatek is part of something pioneering. He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and rote memorization, but practical, reports staff writer Stacy Teicher Khadaroo in this week cover story. When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the 13th president of the United States but be utterly bamboozled by a busted bike chain?As Koziatek knows, there is learning in just about everything. Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum. They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice. Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority. Schools in the family of vocational education―have that stereotype ...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,‖ he says.On one hand, that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution. Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was. The job security that theUS economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated. Moreeducation is the new mantra. We want more for our kids, and rightfully so.But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all –and the subtle devaluinghe only thing the Americanof anything less –misses an important point: That’s not teconomy needs. Yes, abachelor's degree opens moredoors. But even now, 54 percentof the jobs in the country aremiddle-skill job, such as construction and high-skill manufacturing. But only 44 percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words, at a time when the working class has turned the country on itspolitical head, frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face. There is a gap in working-class jobs, butthe workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them Koziatek'sManchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek's school is wake-up call. When education becomes one-size-fits-all, itrisks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.21. A broken bike chain is mentioned to show student's lack of.A. academic trainingB. practical abilityC. pioneering spiritD. mechanical memorizetion22. There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A. have a stereotyped mindB. have no career motivationC. are financially disadvantagedD. are not academically successful23. We can infer from Paragraph 5 that high school graduates.A. used to have more job opportunitiesB. used to have big financial concernsC. are entitled to more educational privilegesD. are reluctant to work in manufacturing24. The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A. helps create a lot of middle-class jobsB. may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC. indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD. is expected to yield a better-trained wirkforce25. The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A. tolerantB. cautiousC. supportiveD. disappointedText 2While fossil fuels - coal, oil, gas –still generate roughly 85 percent of theclearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable world’s energy supply, it’ssources such as wind and solar. The move to renewable is picking up momentum around the world: They now account for more than half of new power sources goingon line.Some growth stem from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses t o fund cleaner energy sources. But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables, especially wind and solar. The cost of solar panels has dropped by 80 percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source. In Scotland, for example, wind turbines provide enough electricity to power 95 percent of homes. While the rest of the world takes the lead, notably China and Europe, the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift. In March, for the first time, wind and solar power accounted for more than 10 percent of the power generated in the US, reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels –especially coal –as the path to economic growth. In a recent speech in Iowa, he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source. But that message d id not play well with many in Iowa,electricity where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36 percent of the state’s generation –and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question ―what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t s has provided a quick put-down for skeptics. But a boost in the storage shine?‖　capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers, who are placing big bets on battery-powered vehicles. Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now, this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go, the trend lines for renewables are spiking. The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up – perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in showing climate change. What Washington does –or doesn’t do –to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26. The word ―plummeting‖ (Line 3, Para.2) is closest in meaning to______.A. stabilizingB. changingC. fallingD. rising27. According to Paragraph 3, the use of renewable energy in America_____.A. is progressing notablyB. is as extensive as in EuropeC. faces many challengesD. has proved to be impractical28. It can be learned that in Iowa, ____.A. wind is a widely used energy source.B. wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC. tech giants are investing in clean energyD. there is a shortage of clean energy supply29. Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs 5 & 6?A. Its application has boosted battery storage.B. It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C. Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D. Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.A. will bring the US closer to other countriesB. will accelerate global environmental changeC. is not really encouraged by the US governmentD. is not competitive enough with regard to its costText 3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing –Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foodsfor $13.5bn, but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service, which doesn’t have any physicalproduct at all. What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’　friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities, but it broke the promise almost as soon as the dealwent through. Even without knowing what was in the messages, t he knowledge ofwho sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be. What political journalist, what party whip, would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting? It may be that the value to Amazon is not so much the 460 shops it owns, but the records ofwhich customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy. For one thing, it is very slow compared to the pace of changewithin the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power. But there is a deeper conceptual problem, too. Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them. The users of their services are not their customers. That would be the people who buy advertising from them – and Facebook and Google, the two virtual giants, dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data, and we, the users, convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants. Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed, so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield. Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed; Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes. It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship, even if both sides benefit.31. According to Paragraph1, Facebook acquired WhatsApp for itsA. digital productsB. user informationC. physical assetsD. quality service32. Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may ______.A. worsen political disputesB. mess up customer recordsC. pose a risk to Facebook usersD. mislead the European commission33. According to the author, competition law ______.A. should serve the new market powersB. may worsen the economic imbalanceC. should not provide just one legal solutionD. cannot keep pace with the changing market34. Competition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because ______.A. they are not defined as customersB. they are not financially reliableC. the services are generally digitalD. the services are paid for by advertisers35. The ants analogy is used to illustrate ______.A. a win- win business model between digital giantsB. a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC. the benefits provided for digital giants’ customersD. the relationship between digital giants and their usersText 4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy, Gal Newport, anther of Deep Work: Rules for Focused Success in a Districted world, recommends building a habit of ―deep work‖,—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the mastering the art of deep work- be it lengthy retreats, dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual; or journalistic‖ approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can taking a ―throughout the day. Whichever approach, the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.constant interruptions Newport also recommends ― deep scheduling‖ to combatand get more down in less time. At any given point, Ishold has deep work scheduled for roughly the next month. Once on the calendar I protect this time like, I would a doctor's appointment or important meeting ,he writes.Another approach to getting more down in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day -in particular how we craft our to - do lists. Tim Harford, authorof Messy. The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives, points to a study in the early 1980s, that divided undergraduates into two groups: some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities; others were told to plan activities and golds in much time detail day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well- structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks, they were wrong: the detailed daily plans demotivated students. Hartford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to- do list ineffective, while living room for improvisation in such alist canreap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy. We also need to embrace downtime, or as Newport suggests, ― be lazy.‖― Idleness is not just a vacation, an indulgence or a vice; it is indispensable toparadoxically, necessary tobe brain as Vitamin D is to the body…[ idleness] is,getting any work done, ‖he argues.Sriri Pillay an assistant of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counter - intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate. When our brains switch between being focused a nd unfocused on a task, they tend to be more efficient.―What people don't realise is that, in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain‖, says Pillay.36. The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37. The study in the early 1980s cited by Harvard shows that____.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB. daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC. students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD. detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38. According to Newport, idleness is ____.A. a desirable mental state for busy peopleB. a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work.and unfocused______.39. Pillay believes that our brains’ shift between being focusedA. can result in .Psychological will-beingB. can bring about greater efficiencyC. is aimed at a better balance in workD. is driven by task urgency40. This text is mainly about______.A. ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB. approaches to getting more done in less timeC. the key to eliminating distractionsD. the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column. There are two extra choices in the right column. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment, places, thingsE.Find the ―me too‖ｓF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links, which means when you have a conversation with a newperson a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment willstrengthen the link.You meet new people every day: the grocery worker, the cab driver, new peopleat work or the security guard at the door. Simply starting a conversation with themwill form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start aconversation with strangers.41.__________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within- this is something the mostly happens withyou says ―I want to talk with this person‖all of us. You wanted to say something- the first word- but it just won't come out. Itfeels like it is stuck somewhere, I know the feelings and here is my advice just get itout.Just think: that is the worst that could happen? They won't talk with you? Well,they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.do the best you can to gather all of theSo keep it simple: ―Hi‖, ―Hey‖ or ―Hello‖——enthusiasm and energy you can, put on a big smile and say ―Hi‖．42.____________________the person that you want It’s a problem all of us face: you have limited time withto talk with and you want to make this talk, memorable.Honestly, if we got stuck, in the rut, of ―hi‖, ―hello‖, ―how are you‖going on?‖ you will fail to give the initial Jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid, to ask more personal questions. Trust me, you’ll be surpris to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________________When you meet a person for the first time, make an effort to find the thingswhich you and that person, have in common so that you can build the conversation,from that point. When you start a conversation from there and then move outward,you will find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy ontheir phone, and if you ask, for their attention, you get the response ―I can MuSo when someone tries, to communicate with you, just be in that communicationwholeheartedly. Make eye contact, you can feel the conversation.45.____________________You all came into a conversation, where you first met the person, but after sometime you may have met again, and have forgotten their name. Isn't that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you might, or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to, the place they want to go, the things they like,the thing they hate - whatever you talk aboutWhen you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in theirwellbeing. So they feel a responsibility to you to keep bad relationship goingThat's it. Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read, or to have a conversation with!Section Ⅲ TranslationDirections: Translate the following text from English into Chinese. Writeyour translation on ANSWER SHEET 2. (15 points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from alist of occupations. He ticks ―astronaut ‖　but quickly adds ―scientist ‖　to the list andselects it as well. The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore asmany career paths as he likes. And so he reads ——everything from encyclopaedias toscience fiction novels. He reads so fervently that his parents have to institute a―no reading policy ‖ at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn ’t stopped reading yet ——not even afterbecoming one of the most successful people on the planet. Nowadays, his reading A. be present41. B. just say it42. C. ask for an opinion43. D. name, places, things44. E. find the "me too"s45. F. pay a unique complimentG.skip the small talkmaterial has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world woks.Gates say.―Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge to explore,‖——Section IV WritingPart ADirections:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit professor Smith. Write him an email to1) apologize and explain the situation;2) suggest a future meeting.You should write about 100 words on the ANSWER SHEET.Don’t use your own name,use ―Li Ming‖ instead.Don’t write your address. (10 points)Part BDirections:Write an essay based on the following chart. In your essay, you should1)interpret the chart, and2)give your comments.You should write about 150 words neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (15 points)答案解析1、【答案】[B] resolve【解析】此处考察词义辨析。

2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试备考资料2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)①Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?②Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.③The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3.①In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University Of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.②For one 5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.③The twist?④Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked.①Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.②7left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.③Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.①The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.②Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can12new scientific advances,for instance—but sometimes such13can backfire.③The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one.①Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.②In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.③These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.④“Thinking about long-term20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.⑤In other words,don't read online comments.1.[A]ignore[B]protect[C]resolve[D]discuss2.[A]seek[B]refuse[C]wait[D]regret3.[A]rise[B]hurt[C]last[D]mislead4.[A]expose[B]alert[C]tie[D]treat5.[A]concept[B]message[C]review[D]trial6.[A]deliver[B]remove[C]weaken[D]interrupt7.[A]Unless[B]When[C]If[D]Though8.[A]change[B]continue[C]happen[D]disappear9.[A]owing to[B]rather than[C]regardless of[D]such as10.[A]disagree[B]discover[C]forgive[D]forget11.[A]food[B]pay[C]marriage[D]schooling12.[A]begin with[B]lead to[C]rest on[D]learn from13.[A]diligence[B]withdrawal[C]persistence[D]inquiry14.[A]self-deceptive[B]self-reliant[C]self-destructive[D]self-evident15.[A]trace[B]define[C]resist[D]replace16.[A]conceal[B]overlook[C]predict[D]design17.[A]pretend[B]remember[C]promise[D]choose18.[A]outcome[B]relief[C]plan[D]duty19.[A]where[B]why[C]whether[D]how20.[A]limitations[B]consequences[C]investments[D]strategiesSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1①It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.①Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.②He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.③When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?①As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything.②Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuckwith generations of discarded chewing gum.③They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.①But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.②Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.③Schools in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.①On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.②Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.③The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.④More education is the new principle.⑤We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.①But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.②Yes,a bachelor's degree opens more doors.③But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.④But only44percent of workers are adequately trained.①In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.②There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them.③Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.①Koziatek's school is a wake-up call.②When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of______.[A]practical ability[B]academic training[C]pioneering spirit[D]mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.[A]have a stereotyped mind[B]have no career motivation[C]are not academically successful[D]are financially disadvantaged23.We can infer from Paragraph5that high school graduates______.[A]used to have big financial concerns[B]used to have more job opportunities[C]are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D]are entitled to more educational privileges24.The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all______.[A]helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B]may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C]is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D]indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as______.[A]supportive[B]tolerant[C]disappointed[D]cautiousText2①While fossil fuels—coal,oil,gas—still generate roughly85percent of the world’s energy supply,it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.②The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.①Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.②But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.③The cost of solar panels has dropped by80percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.①In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.②In Scotland,for example,wind turbines provide enough electricity to power95 percent of homes.③While the rest of the world takes the lead,notably China and Europe,the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.④In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than10percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.①President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.②In a recent speech in Iowa,he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.③But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide36percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.①The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.②But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.①The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers,who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.②Although electric cars are still ararity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.①While there’s a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking.②The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.③What Washington does —or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time ofa global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”(Para.2)is closest in meaning to______.[A]rising[B]falling[C]changing[D]stabilizing27.According to Paragraph3,the use of renewable energy in America_____.[A]is as extensive as in Europe[B]is progressing notably[C]has proved to be impractical[D]faces many challenges28.It can be learned that in Iowa,____.[A]wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[B]there is a shortage of clean energy supply[C]tech giants are investing in clean energy[D]wind is a widely used energy source29.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs5& 6?[A]Its application has boosted battery storage.[B]It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C]Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D]Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.[A]is not really encouraged by the US government[B]is not competitive enough with regard to its cost[C]will bring the US closer to other countries[D]will accelerate global environmental changeText3①The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing —Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service,which doesn’t have any physical product at all.②WhatWhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.①Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities,but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.②Even without knowing what was in the messages,the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.③What political journalist,what party whip,would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?④It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the460shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.①Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy.②For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.③By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.④But there is a deeper conceptual problem,too.⑤Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.⑥The users of their services are not their customers.⑦That would be the people who buy advertising from them —and Facebook and Google,the two virtual giants,dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.①The product they’re selling is data,and we,the users,convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.②Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.③It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship,even if both sides benefit.31.According to Paragraph1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its______.[A]digital products[B]quality service[C]physical assets[D]user information32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may______.[A]pose a risk to Facebook users[B]mislead the European commission[C]worsen political disputes[D]mess up customer records33.According to the author,competition law______.[A]should serve the new market powers[B]may worsen the economic imbalance[C]cannot keep pace with the changing market[D]should not provide just one legal solutionpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because______.[A]they are not financially reliable[B]they are not defined as customers[C]the services are generally digital[D]the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate______.[A]a typical competition pattern among digital giants[B]a win-win business model between digital giants[C]the benefits provided for digital giants’customers[D]the relationship between digital giants and their usersText4①To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep Work:Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of“deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.①There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.②Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.①Newport also recommends“deep scheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.②“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.③Once on the calendar,I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,”he writes.①Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.②Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and golds in much more detail,day by day.①While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.②Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.①In order to make the most of our focus and energy,we also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”①“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body…[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.①Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.②When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.①“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,”says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.[A]list your immediate tasks[B]make specific daily plans[C]keep to your focus time[D]seize every minute to work37.The study in the early1980s cited by Harford shows that____.[A]daily schedules are indispensable to studying[B]students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[C]detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected[D]distractions may actually increase efficiency38.According to Newport,idleness is____.[A]an essential factor in accomplishing any work.[B]an effective way to save time and energy[C]a major contributor to physical health[D]a desirable mental state for busy people39.Pillay believes that our brains’shift between being focused and unfocused______.[A]can result in psychological well-being[B]can bring about greater efficiency[C]is aimed at better balance in work[D]is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about______.[A]the key to eliminating distractions[B]the cause of the lack of focus time[C]ways to relieve the tension of busy life[D]approaches to getting more done in less timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.st say itB.e presentC.kip the small talkD.sk for an opinionE.ind the“me too”sF.me,places,thingsG.y a unique complimentFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.___________________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something that mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won't come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere.I know the feeling and here is my advice:just get it out.Just think:what is the worst that could happen?They won't talk with you?Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will justflow.So keep it simple:“Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.____________________It’s a problem all of us face;you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly,if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”,“how are you?”and “what's going on?”,you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid to ask more personal questions.Trust me,you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________________When you meet a person for the first time,make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response“I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you,just be in that communication wholeheartedly.Make eye contact.Trust me,eye contact is where all the magic happens. When you make eye contact,you can feel the conversation.45.____________________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person,but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name.Isn't that awkward!So,remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to,the places they want to go,the things they like,the things they hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing.So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That's it.Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read,or to have a conversation with!Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path froma list of occupations.He ticks“astronaut”but quickly adds“scientist”to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough,he can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a“no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.Nowadays,his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books:recently,he revealed that he reads at least50nonfiction books a year.Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith.Write him an email to1)apologize and explain the situation,and2)suggest a future meeting.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2018年考研英语二真题答案SectionⅠUse of English1.【答案】A2.【答案】C3.【答案】D4.【答案】C5.【答案】B6.【答案】C7.【答案】D8.【答案】A9.【答案】B10.【答案】D11.【答案】C12.【答案】D13.【答案】B14.【答案】A15.【答案】A16.【答案】A17.【答案】B18.【答案】C19.【答案】A20.【答案】DPart A Text121.【答案】C practical ability22.【答案】B are not academically successful23.【答案】C used to have more job opportunities24.【答案】D indicate the overvaluing of higher education25.【答案】A supportiveText226.【答案】C falling27.【答案】A is progressing notably28.【答案】A wind is a widely used energy source29.【答案】C its continuous supply is becoming a reality30.【答案】C is not really encouraged by the US government Text331.【答案】[B]user information32.【答案】[C]pose a risk to Facebook users33.【答案】[D]cannot keep pace with the changing market34.【答案】[D]the services are paid for by advertisers.35.【答案】[D]the relationship between digital giants and their users. Text436.【答案】[D]keep to your focus time37.【答案】[B]detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected38.【答案】[D]an essential factor in accomplishing any work.39.【答案】[A]can bring about greater efficiency.40.【答案】[A]approaches to getting more done in less time.Part B41.【答案】B42.【答案】F43.【答案】D44.【答案】G45.【答案】E。

2018考研英语二真题及答案解析

2018考研英语二真题及答案解析2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A, B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty,according to a recent study in Psychological Science.The new research reveals that the need to know is strong that people wil 2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3.In a series of experiments,behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin school of Business tested students’willingness to4themse lves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.For one5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.The twist?Half of the pens would 6an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told with pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.7left alone in the room.The students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew that would8.Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same asthe basic drives for11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can12new scientific advances,for instance—but sometimes such13can backfire.The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one.Unhealthycuriosity is possible to15,however.In a final experiment,participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on on e’s curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.In other words,don’t read online comments.1.A.ignore B.protect C.discuss D.resolve2.A.refuse B.seek C.wait D.regret3.A.rise st C.hurt D.mislead4.A.alert B.expose C.tie D.treat5.A.trial B.message C.review D.concept6.A.remove B.deliver C.weaken D.interrupt7.A.Unless B.If C.When D.Though8.A.change B.continue C.disappear D.happen9.A.such as B.rather than C.regardless of D.owing to10.A.disagree B.forgive C.discover D.forget11.A.pay B.food C.marriage D.schooling12.A.begin with B.rest on C.lead to D.learn from13.A.inquiry B.withdrawal C.persistence D.diligence14.A.self-deceptive B.self-reliant C.self-evident D.self-destructive15.A.trace B.define C.replace D.resist16.A.conceal B.overlook C.design D.predict17.A.choose B.remember C.promise D.pretend18.A.relief B.outcome C.plan D.duty19.A.how B.why C.where D.whether20.A.limitations B.investments C.consequences D.strategiesSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike Chain?As Koziatek know,there is learning in just about everything.Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuck with generations of discarded chewing gum.They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.School in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product ofAme rica’s evolution.Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.More education is the new principle.We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.Bu t the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.Yes,a bachelor’s degree opens moredoors.Buteven now,54percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.But only44percent of workers are adequately trained.In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren’t equipped to do them.Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.Koziatek’s school is a wake-up call.When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation’s diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of.A.academic trainingB.practical abilityC.pioneering spiritD.mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who.A.have a stereotyped mindB.have no career motivationC.are financially disadvantagedD.are not academically successful23.we can infer from Paragraph5that high school graduates.ed to have more job opportunitiesed to have big financial concernsC.are entitled to more educational privilegesD.are reluctant to work in manufacturing24.The headlong push into bachelors degrees for all.A.helps create a lot of middle-skill jobsB.may narrow the gap in working-class jobsC.indicates the overvaluing of higher educationD.is expected to yield a better-trained workforce25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as.A.tolerantB.cautiousC.supportiveD.disappointedText2While fossil fuels—coal，oil，gas—still generate roughly85percent of the world’s energy supply,it's clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world：They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.But increasingly the story is about the plummetingprices ofrenewables，especially wind and solar.The cost of solar panels has dropped by80percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.In Scotland，for example，wind turbines provide enough electricity to power95percent of homes.While the rest of the world takes the lead，notably China and Europe，the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.In March，for the first time，wind and solar power accounted for more than10percent of the power generated in the US，reported the US Energy Information Administration.President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.In a recent speech in Iowa，he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.But that message did not play well with many in Iowa，where wind turbines dot the fields and provide 36percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers，who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.Although electric cars are still a rarity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.While there’s a long way to go，the trend lines for renewables are spiking.The pace of change in energy sourcesappears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.What Washington does—or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time of a global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”(Line3，Para.2)is closest in meaning to.A.stabilizingB.changingC.fallingD.rising27.According to Paragraph3，the use of renewable energy in America.A.is progressing notablyB.is as extensive as in EuropeC.faces many challengesD.has proved to be impractical28.It can be learned that in Iowa,.A.wind is a widely used energy sourceB.wind energy has replaced fossil fuelsC.tech giants are investing in clean energyD.there is a shortage of clean energy supply29.Which ofthe following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs5&6?A.Its application has boosted battery storage.B.It is commonly used in car manufacturing.C.Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.D.Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy.A.will bring the US closer to other countriesB.will accelerate global environmental changeC.is not really encouraged by the US governmentD.is not competitive enough with regard to its costText3The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing—Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn，but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service，which doesn’t have any physical product at all.What WhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities，but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.Even without knowing what was in the messages，the knowledge of who sent them and to whom wasenormously revealing and still could be.What political journalist，what party whip，would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currentlyplotting?It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the460 shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power.But it is clumsy.For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy. By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace, to be replaced by new abuses of power.But there is a deeper conceptual problem,petition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obviouswhen the users of these services don’t pay for them.The users of their services are not their customers.That would be the people who buy advertising from them—and Facebook and Google，the two virtual giants，dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.The product they’re selling is data，and we，the users，convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphidsfor the honeydew they produce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship，even if both sides benefit.31.According to Paragraph1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its.A.digital productser informationC.physical assetsD.quality service32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may.A.worsen political disputesB.mess up customer recordsC.pose a risk to Facebook usersD.mislead the European commission33.According to the author,competition law.A.should serve the new market powersB.may worsen the economic imbalanceC.should not provide just one legal solutionD.cannot keep pace with the changing marketpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because.A.they are not defined as customersB.they are not financially reliableC.the services are generally digitalD.the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate.A.a win-win business model between digital giantsB.a typical competition pattern among digital giantsC.the benefits provided for digital giants’customersD.the relationship between digital giants and their usersText4To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep work: Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted world,recommends building a habit of“deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a“journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.Newport also recommends“deepscheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.“At an y given point,Ishould have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.Once on the calendar I protect this time like Iwould a doctor’s appointment or important meeting”,he writes.Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritize your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.Tim Harford,author of Messy:The Power ofDisorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and goals in much more detail,day by day.While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.In order to make the most of our focus and energy.We also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to be brain as Vitamin D is to the body...[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School,believes this counter-intuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain”.says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to________.A.keep to your focus timeB.list your immediate tasksC.make specific daily plansD.seize every minute to work37.The study in the early1980s cited by Harford shows that________.A.distractions may actually increase efficiencyB.daily schedules are indispensable to studyingC.students are hardly motivated by monthly goalsD.detailed plans many not be as fruitful as expected38.According to Newport,idleness is________.A.a desirable mental state for busy peopleB.a major contributor to physical healthC.an effective way to save time and energyD.an essential factor in accomplishing any work39.Pillay believes that our brains’shift between being focused and unfocused_______.A.can result in psychological well-beingB.canbring about greater efficiencyC.is aimed at better balance in workD.is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about_______.A.ways to relieve the tension of busy lifeB.approaches to getting more done in less timeC.the key to eliminating distractionsD.the cause of the lack of focus timePart BDirections:Read the following text and match each of the numbered items in the left column to its corresponding information in the right column.There are two extra choices in the right column.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.Just say itB.Be presentC.Pay a unique compliment,places,thingsE.Find the“me too”sF.Skip the small talkG.Ask for an opinionFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.____________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don’t know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something the mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won’t come out.It feels like itis stuck somewhere,I know the feeling and here is my advice just get it out.Just think:that is the worst that could h appen?They won’t talk with you?Well,they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will just flow.So keep it simple:“Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.____________It’s a problem all of us face:you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly,if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”,“how are yo u?”and“what’s going on?”you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that’s can make it so memorable.So don’t be afraid to ask more personal questions.Trust me,you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________When you meet a person for the first time,make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response“I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you,just be in that communication wholeheartedly.Make eye contact,you can feel the conversation.45.____________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person,but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name.Isn’t that awkward!So remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to the place they want to go,the things they like,the thing the hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such thing you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing. So the feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That’s it.Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone.Every person is a really good book to read,or to have a conversation with!Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Your translation should be written on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)A fifth garder gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations.He ticks“astronaut”but quickly adds“scientist”to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough.He can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a“no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most science fiction and reference books;recently,he revealed that he reads at least so nonfiction books a year.Gates chooses nonfiction title because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.SectionⅣWritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith.Write him an email to1)apologize and explain the situation,and2)suggest a future meeting.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Part B48.Directions：Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing you should1)interpret the chart and2)give your commentsYou should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题答案详解Section I Use of English【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。

2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试备考资料2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)①Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?②Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.③The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3.①In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University Of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.②For one 5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.③The twist?④Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked.①Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.②7left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.③Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.①The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.②Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can12new scientific advances,for instance—but sometimes such13can backfire.③The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one.①Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.②In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.③These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.④“Thinking about long-term20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.⑤In other words,don't read online comments.1.[A]ignore[B]protect[C]resolve[D]discuss2.[A]seek[B]refuse[C]wait[D]regret3.[A]rise[B]hurt[C]last[D]mislead4.[A]expose[B]alert[C]tie[D]treat5.[A]concept[B]message[C]review[D]trial6.[A]deliver[B]remove[C]weaken[D]interrupt7.[A]Unless[B]When[C]If[D]Though8.[A]change[B]continue[C]happen[D]disappear9.[A]owing to[B]rather than[C]regardless of[D]such as10.[A]disagree[B]discover[C]forgive[D]forget11.[A]food[B]pay[C]marriage[D]schooling12.[A]begin with[B]lead to[C]rest on[D]learn from13.[A]diligence[B]withdrawal[C]persistence[D]inquiry14.[A]self-deceptive[B]self-reliant[C]self-destructive[D]self-evident15.[A]trace[B]define[C]resist[D]replace16.[A]conceal[B]overlook[C]predict[D]design17.[A]pretend[B]remember[C]promise[D]choose18.[A]outcome[B]relief[C]plan[D]duty19.[A]where[B]why[C]whether[D]how20.[A]limitations[B]consequences[C]investments[D]strategiesSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1①It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.①Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.②He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.③When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?①As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything.②Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuckwith generations of discarded chewing gum.③They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.①But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.②Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.③Schools in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.①On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.②Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.③The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.④More education is the new principle.⑤We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.①But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.②Yes,a bachelor's degree opens more doors.③But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.④But only44percent of workers are adequately trained.①In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.②There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them.③Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.①Koziatek's school is a wake-up call.②When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of______.[A]practical ability[B]academic training[C]pioneering spirit[D]mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.[A]have a stereotyped mind[B]have no career motivation[C]are not academically successful[D]are financially disadvantaged23.We can infer from Paragraph5that high school graduates______.[A]used to have big financial concerns[B]used to have more job opportunities[C]are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D]are entitled to more educational privileges24.The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all______.[A]helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B]may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C]is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D]indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as______.[A]supportive[B]tolerant[C]disappointed[D]cautiousText2①While fossil fuels—coal,oil,gas—still generate roughly85percent of the world’s energy supply,it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.②The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.①Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.②But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.③The cost of solar panels has dropped by80percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.①In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.②In Scotland,for example,wind turbines provide enough electricity to power95 percent of homes.③While the rest of the world takes the lead,notably China and Europe,the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.④In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than10percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.①President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.②In a recent speech in Iowa,he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.③But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide36percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.①The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.②But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.①The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers,who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.②Although electric cars are still ararity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.①While there’s a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking.②The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.③What Washington does —or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time ofa global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”(Para.2)is closest in meaning to______.[A]rising[B]falling[C]changing[D]stabilizing27.According to Paragraph3,the use of renewable energy in America_____.[A]is as extensive as in Europe[B]is progressing notably[C]has proved to be impractical[D]faces many challenges28.It can be learned that in Iowa,____.[A]wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[B]there is a shortage of clean energy supply[C]tech giants are investing in clean energy[D]wind is a widely used energy source29.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs5& 6?[A]Its application has boosted battery storage.[B]It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C]Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D]Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.[A]is not really encouraged by the US government[B]is not competitive enough with regard to its cost[C]will bring the US closer to other countries[D]will accelerate global environmental changeText3①The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing —Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service,which doesn’t have any physical product at all.②WhatWhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.①Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities,but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.②Even without knowing what was in the messages,the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.③What political journalist,what party whip,would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?④It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the460shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.①Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy.②For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.③By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.④But there is a deeper conceptual problem,too.⑤Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.⑥The users of their services are not their customers.⑦That would be the people who buy advertising from them —and Facebook and Google,the two virtual giants,dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.①The product they’re selling is data,and we,the users,convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.②Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.③It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship,even if both sides benefit.31.According to Paragraph1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its______.[A]digital products[B]quality service[C]physical assets[D]user information32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may______.[A]pose a risk to Facebook users[B]mislead the European commission[C]worsen political disputes[D]mess up customer records33.According to the author,competition law______.[A]should serve the new market powers[B]may worsen the economic imbalance[C]cannot keep pace with the changing market[D]should not provide just one legal solutionpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because______.[A]they are not financially reliable[B]they are not defined as customers[C]the services are generally digital[D]the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate______.[A]a typical competition pattern among digital giants[B]a win-win business model between digital giants[C]the benefits provided for digital giants’customers[D]the relationship between digital giants and their usersText4①To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep Work:Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of“deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.①There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.②Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.①Newport also recommends“deep scheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.②“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.③Once on the calendar,I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,”he writes.①Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.②Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and golds in much more detail,day by day.①While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.②Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.①In order to make the most of our focus and energy,we also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”①“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body…[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.①Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.②When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.①“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,”says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.[A]list your immediate tasks[B]make specific daily plans[C]keep to your focus time[D]seize every minute to work37.The study in the early1980s cited by Harford shows that____.[A]daily schedules are indispensable to studying[B]students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[C]detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected[D]distractions may actually increase efficiency38.According to Newport,idleness is____.[A]an essential factor in accomplishing any work.[B]an effective way to save time and energy[C]a major contributor to physical health[D]a desirable mental state for busy people39.Pillay believes that our brains’shift between being focused and unfocused______.[A]can result in psychological well-being[B]can bring about greater efficiency[C]is aimed at better balance in work[D]is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about______.[A]the key to eliminating distractions[B]the cause of the lack of focus time[C]ways to relieve the tension of busy life[D]approaches to getting more done in less timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.st say itB.e presentC.kip the small talkD.sk for an opinionE.ind the“me too”sF.me,places,thingsG.y a unique complimentFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.___________________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something that mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won't come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere.I know the feeling and here is my advice:just get it out.Just think:what is the worst that could happen?They won't talk with you?Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will justflow.So keep it simple:“Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.____________________It’s a problem all of us face;you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly,if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”,“how are you?”and “what's going on?”,you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid to ask more personal questions.Trust me,you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________________When you meet a person for the first time,make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response“I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you,just be in that communication wholeheartedly.Make eye contact.Trust me,eye contact is where all the magic happens. When you make eye contact,you can feel the conversation.45.____________________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person,but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name.Isn't that awkward!So,remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to,the places they want to go,the things they like,the things they hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing.So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That's it.Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read,or to have a conversation with!Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path froma list of occupations.He ticks“astronaut”but quickly adds“scientist”to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough,he can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a“no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.Nowadays,his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books:recently,he revealed that he reads at least50nonfiction books a year.Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith.Write him an email to1)apologize and explain the situation,and2)suggest a future meeting.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2018年考研英语二真题答案SectionⅠUse of English1.【答案】A2.【答案】C3.【答案】D4.【答案】C5.【答案】B6.【答案】C7.【答案】D8.【答案】A9.【答案】B10.【答案】D11.【答案】C12.【答案】D13.【答案】B14.【答案】A15.【答案】A16.【答案】A17.【答案】B18.【答案】C19.【答案】A20.【答案】DPart A Text121.【答案】C practical ability22.【答案】B are not academically successful23.【答案】C used to have more job opportunities24.【答案】D indicate the overvaluing of higher education25.【答案】A supportiveText226.【答案】C falling27.【答案】A is progressing notably28.【答案】A wind is a widely used energy source29.【答案】C its continuous supply is becoming a reality30.【答案】C is not really encouraged by the US government Text331.【答案】[B]user information32.【答案】[C]pose a risk to Facebook users33.【答案】[D]cannot keep pace with the changing market34.【答案】[D]the services are paid for by advertisers.35.【答案】[D]the relationship between digital giants and their users. Text436.【答案】[D]keep to your focus time37.【答案】[B]detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected38.【答案】[D]an essential factor in accomplishing any work.39.【答案】[A]can bring about greater efficiency.40.【答案】[A]approaches to getting more done in less time.Part B41.【答案】B42.【答案】F43.【答案】D44.【答案】G45.【答案】E。

2018年考研英语(二)试题答案解析

2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案解析1.【答案】[A]【解析】句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网上的负面评论，并做一些明显会让人伤心的事情呢？”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。

[A]解决；[B]保护；[C]讨论；[D]忽视。

根据语境可知[A]项。

2.【答案】[C]【解析】本题考查动介词搭配。

句意：人们会___满足自己的好奇心。

[A]拒绝；[B]等待；[C]寻求，力求；[D]后悔。

结合空格前三句及选项释义可知，[C]项符合文义。

3.【答案】[D]【解析】句意：新的研究发现，人们想要知道的欲望十分强烈，即使答案明显会_____，人们也会去满足自己的好奇心。

[A]提高，增长；[B]持续；[C]误导，使误信；[D]使伤心，感到疼痛。

根据语境及转折副词even可推知，此处应选[D]项。

4.【答案】[C]【解析】本题考查固定搭配。

句意：在连续的四项实验中，芝加哥大学和威斯康星商学院的行为科学家测试了学生是否会为了满足好奇心而愿意让他们自己_____不愉快的刺激。

expose sb./oneself to sth.是固定搭配，意为“使面临，使遭受”，符合语境。

故选[C]项。

5.【答案】[B]【解析】根据文章第二段句首In a series of four experiments及该句后半部分a previous experiment可推知，该空处所缺词应为“实验”之意。

[A]信息；[B]实验；[C]复习；[D]观念。

故选[B]项。

6.【答案】[C]【解析】动宾搭配。

结合语境，“当点击的时候，一半的钢笔会____电流。

”根据动宾搭配，本题需要一个动词来搭配电流。

[A]移除；[B]削弱；[C]传递；[D]打扰。

[A]项符合语境。

7.【答案】[D]【解析】考查时间状语。

句意：___被独自留在房间，学生会……”,这是一个非常明显的时间状语从句。

选[D]项。

8.【答案】[A]【解析】动词辨析。

2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析

2018年研究生入学统一考试试题（英语二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful Because humans have an inherent need to 1 uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science. The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will 2 to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will 3.In a series of four experiments, behavioral scientists at the University of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students' willingness to 4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity. For one 5 each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment. The twistHalf of the pens would 6 an electric shock when clicked.Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified 7 left alone in the room, the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would 8 .Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli, 9 the soundof fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.The drive to 10 is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelt er,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. Curiosity is often considered a good instinct -it can 12 new scientific advances, for instance-but sometimes such 13 can insight that curiosity c an drive you to do 14 things is a profound curiosity is possible to 15 ,however. In a final experime nt,participants who were encouraged to 16 how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant pict ure were less likely to 17 to see such an results suggest that imagining the 18 of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine 19 it is worth the endeavor. Thinking about long-term 20 is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity."Hsee other words,don't read online comments.1. A. resolve "B. protectC. discussD. ignore. refuse B. wait C. seek D. regret. rise B. last C. mislead *D. hurt. alert B. tie C. expose D .treat. message B. trial C. review D. concept. remove %B. weakenC. deliverD. interrupt7. A. Unless B. If C. Though D. When8. A. happen B. continue C. disappear …D. change9. A. rather than B. such as C. regardless of D. owing to10. A. disagree B. forgive C. forget D. discover11. A. pay /B. marriageC. foodD. schooling. begin with B. rest on C. learn from D. lead to. withdrawal B. inquiry C. persistence \D. diligence. self-destructive B. self-reliant C. self-evident D. self-deceptive . resist B. define C. replace D. trace. predict ）B. overlookC. designD. conceal17. A. remember B. choose C. promise D. pretend18. A. relief B. plan C. outcome ·D. duty. whether B. why C. where D. how20. A .limitations B. investments C. strategies D. consequences*1. A解析：句首作者提出疑问，“为什么人们会读互联网的负面评论和明显很让人伤心的其它事情呢”随后作者给出答案，“因为人们都有___不确定性的内在需求”。

2018年考研英语二真题及答案解析

全国硕士研究生入学统一考试备考资料2018年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text.Choose the best word(s)for each numbered blank and mark A,B,C or D on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)①Why do people read negative Internet comments and do other things that will obviously be painful?②Because humans have an inherent need to1uncertainty, according to a recent study in Psychological Science.③The new research reveals that the need to know is so strong that people will2to satisfy their curiosity even when it is clear the answer will3.①In a series of four experiments,behavioral scientists at the University Of Chicago and the Wisconsin School of Business tested students’willingness to4 themselves to unpleasant stimuli in an effort to satisfy curiosity.②For one 5,each participant was shown a pile of pens that the researcher claimed were from a previous experiment.③The twist?④Half of the pens would6an electric shock when clicked.①Twenty-seven students were told which pens were electrified;another twenty-seven were told only that some were electrified.②7left alone in the room,the students who did not know which ones would shock them clicked more pens and incurred more shocks than the students who knew what would8.③Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects.①The drive to10is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for11or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago.②Curiosity is often considered a good instinct—it can12new scientific advances,for instance—but sometimes such13can backfire.③The insight that curiosity can drive you to do14things is a profound one.①Unhealthy curiosity is possible to15,however.②In a final experiment, participants who were encouraged to16how they would feel after viewing an unpleasant picture were less likely to17to see such an image.③These results suggest that imagining the18of following through on one's curiosity ahead of time can help determine19it is worth the endeavor.④“Thinking about long-term20is key to reducing the possible negative effects of curiosity,”Hsee says.⑤In other words,don't read online comments.1.[A]ignore[B]protect[C]resolve[D]discuss2.[A]seek[B]refuse[C]wait[D]regret3.[A]rise[B]hurt[C]last[D]mislead4.[A]expose[B]alert[C]tie[D]treat5.[A]concept[B]message[C]review[D]trial6.[A]deliver[B]remove[C]weaken[D]interrupt7.[A]Unless[B]When[C]If[D]Though8.[A]change[B]continue[C]happen[D]disappear9.[A]owing to[B]rather than[C]regardless of[D]such as10.[A]disagree[B]discover[C]forgive[D]forget11.[A]food[B]pay[C]marriage[D]schooling12.[A]begin with[B]lead to[C]rest on[D]learn from13.[A]diligence[B]withdrawal[C]persistence[D]inquiry14.[A]self-deceptive[B]self-reliant[C]self-destructive[D]self-evident15.[A]trace[B]define[C]resist[D]replace16.[A]conceal[B]overlook[C]predict[D]design17.[A]pretend[B]remember[C]promise[D]choose18.[A]outcome[B]relief[C]plan[D]duty19.[A]where[B]why[C]whether[D]how20.[A]limitations[B]consequences[C]investments[D]strategiesSectionⅡReading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions after each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40points)Text1①It is curious that Stephen Koziatek feels almost as though he has to justify his efforts to give his students a better future.①Mr.Koziatek is part of something pioneering.②He is a teacher at a New Hampshire high school where learning is not something of books and tests and mechanical memorization,but practical.③When did it become accepted wisdom that students should be able to name the13th president of the United States but be utterly overwhelmed by a broken bike chain?①As Koziatek knows,there is learning in just about everything.②Nothing is necessarily gained by forcing students to learn geometry at a graffitied desk stuckwith generations of discarded chewing gum.③They can also learn geometry by assembling a bicycle.①But he’s also found a kind of insidious prejudice.②Working with your hands is seen as almost a mark of inferiority.③Schools in the family of vocational education“have that stereotype...that it’s for kids who can’t make it academically,”he says.①On one hand,that viewpoint is a logical product of America’s evolution.②Manufacturing is not the economic engine that it once was.③The job security that the US economy once offered to high school graduates has largely evaporated.④More education is the new principle.⑤We want more for our kids,and rightfully so.①But the headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all—and the subtle devaluing of anything less—misses an important point:That’s not the only thing the American economy needs.②Yes,a bachelor's degree opens more doors.③But even now,54 percent of the jobs in the country are middle-skill jobs,such as construction and high-skill manufacturing.④But only44percent of workers are adequately trained.①In other words,at a time when the working class has turned the country on its political head,frustrated that the opportunity that once defined America is vanishing,one obvious solution is staring us in the face.②There is a gap in working-class jobs,but the workers who need those jobs most aren't equipped to do them.③Koziatek’s Manchester School of Technology High School is trying to fill that gap.①Koziatek's school is a wake-up call.②When education becomes one-size-fits-all,it risks overlooking a nation's diversity of gifts.21.A broken bike chain is mentioned to show students’lack of______.[A]practical ability[B]academic training[C]pioneering spirit[D]mechanical memorization22.There exists the prejudice that vocational education is for kids who______.[A]have a stereotyped mind[B]have no career motivation[C]are not academically successful[D]are financially disadvantaged23.We can infer from Paragraph5that high school graduates______.[A]used to have big financial concerns[B]used to have more job opportunities[C]are reluctant to work in manufacturing[D]are entitled to more educational privileges24.The headlong push into bachelor’s degrees for all______.[A]helps create a lot of middle-skill jobs[B]may narrow the gap in working-class jobs[C]is expected to yield a better-trained workforce[D]indicates the overvaluing of higher education25.The author’s attitude toward Koziatek’s school can be described as______.[A]supportive[B]tolerant[C]disappointed[D]cautiousText2①While fossil fuels—coal,oil,gas—still generate roughly85percent of the world’s energy supply,it’s clearer than ever that the future belongs to renewable sources such as wind and solar.②The move to renewables is picking up momentum around the world:They now account for more than half of new power sources going on line.①Some growth stems from a commitment by governments and farsighted businesses to fund cleaner energy sources.②But increasingly the story is about the plummeting prices of renewables,especially wind and solar.③The cost of solar panels has dropped by80percent and the cost of wind turbines by close to one-third in the past eight years.①In many parts of the world renewable energy is already a principal energy source.②In Scotland,for example,wind turbines provide enough electricity to power95 percent of homes.③While the rest of the world takes the lead,notably China and Europe,the United States is also seeing a remarkable shift.④In March,for the first time,wind and solar power accounted for more than10percent of the power generated in the US,reported the US Energy Information Administration.①President Trump has underlined fossil fuels—especially coal—as the path to economic growth.②In a recent speech in Iowa,he dismissed wind power as an unreliable energy source.③But that message did not play well with many in Iowa, where wind turbines dot the fields and provide36percent of the state’s electricity generation—and where tech giants like Microsoft are being attracted by the availability of clean energy to power their data centers.①The question“what happens when the wind doesn’t blow or the sun doesn’t shine?”has provided a quick put-down for skeptics.②But a boost in the storage capacity of batteries is making their ability to keep power flowing around the clock more likely.①The advance is driven in part by vehicle manufacturers,who are placing big bets on battery-powered electric vehicles.②Although electric cars are still ararity on roads now,this massive investment could change the picture rapidly in coming years.①While there’s a long way to go,the trend lines for renewables are spiking.②The pace of change in energy sources appears to be speeding up—perhaps just in time to have a meaningful effect in slowing climate change.③What Washington does —or doesn’t do—to promote alternative energy may mean less and less at a time ofa global shift in thought.26.The word“plummeting”(Para.2)is closest in meaning to______.[A]rising[B]falling[C]changing[D]stabilizing27.According to Paragraph3,the use of renewable energy in America_____.[A]is as extensive as in Europe[B]is progressing notably[C]has proved to be impractical[D]faces many challenges28.It can be learned that in Iowa,____.[A]wind energy has replaced fossil fuels[B]there is a shortage of clean energy supply[C]tech giants are investing in clean energy[D]wind is a widely used energy source29.Which of the following is true about clean energy according to Paragraphs5& 6?[A]Its application has boosted battery storage.[B]It is commonly used in car manufacturing.[C]Its continuous supply is becoming a reality.[D]Its sustainable exploitation will remain difficult.30.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that renewable energy____.[A]is not really encouraged by the US government[B]is not competitive enough with regard to its cost[C]will bring the US closer to other countries[D]will accelerate global environmental changeText3①The power and ambition of the giants of the digital economy is astonishing —Amazon has just announced the purchase of the upmarket grocery chain Whole Foods for$13.5bn,but two years ago Facebook paid even more than that to acquire the WhatsApp messaging service,which doesn’t have any physical product at all.②WhatWhatsApp offered Facebook was an intricate and finely detailed web of its users’friendships and social lives.①Facebook promised the European commission then that it would not link phone numbers to Facebook identities,but it broke the promise almost as soon as the deal went through.②Even without knowing what was in the messages,the knowledge of who sent them and to whom was enormously revealing and still could be.③What political journalist,what party whip,would not want to know the makeup of the WhatsApp groups in which Theresa May’s enemies are currently plotting?④It may be that the value of Whole Foods to Amazon is not so much the460shops it owns,but the records of which customers have purchased what.①Competition law appears to be the only way to address these imbalances of power. But it is clumsy.②For one thing,it is very slow compared to the pace of change within the digital economy.③By the time a problem has been addressed and remedied it may have vanished in the marketplace,to be replaced by new abuses of power.④But there is a deeper conceptual problem,too.⑤Competition law as presently interpreted deals with financial disadvantage to consumers and this is not obvious when the users of these services don’t pay for them.⑥The users of their services are not their customers.⑦That would be the people who buy advertising from them —and Facebook and Google,the two virtual giants,dominate digital advertising to the disadvantage of all other media and entertainment companies.①The product they’re selling is data,and we,the users,convert our lives to data for the benefit of the digital giants.②Just as some ants farm the bugs called aphids for the honeydew they produce when they feed,so Google farms us for the data that our digital lives yield.Ants keep predatory insects away from where their aphids feed;Gmail keeps the spammers out of our inboxes.③It doesn’t feel like a human or democratic relationship,even if both sides benefit.31.According to Paragraph1,Facebook acquired WhatsApp for its______.[A]digital products[B]quality service[C]physical assets[D]user information32.Linking phone numbers to Facebook identities may______.[A]pose a risk to Facebook users[B]mislead the European commission[C]worsen political disputes[D]mess up customer records33.According to the author,competition law______.[A]should serve the new market powers[B]may worsen the economic imbalance[C]cannot keep pace with the changing market[D]should not provide just one legal solutionpetition law as presently interpreted can hardly protect Facebook users because______.[A]they are not financially reliable[B]they are not defined as customers[C]the services are generally digital[D]the services are paid for by advertisers35.The ants analogy is used to illustrate______.[A]a typical competition pattern among digital giants[B]a win-win business model between digital giants[C]the benefits provided for digital giants’customers[D]the relationship between digital giants and their usersText4①To combat the trap of putting a premium on being busy,Cal Newport,author of Deep Work:Rules for Focused Success in a Distracted World,recommends building a habit of“deep work”—the ability to focus without distraction.①There are a number of approaches to mastering the art of deep work—be it lengthy retreats dedicated to a specific task;developing a daily ritual;or taking a “journalistic”approach to seizing moments of deep work when you can throughout the day.②Whichever approach,the key is to determine your length of focus time and stick to it.①Newport also recommends“deep scheduling”to combat constant interruptions and get more done in less time.②“At any given point,I should have deep work scheduled for roughly the next month.③Once on the calendar,I protect this time like I would a doctor’s appointment or important meeting,”he writes.①Another approach to getting more done in less time is to rethink how you prioritise your day—in particular how we craft our to-do lists.②Tim Harford, author of Messy:The Power of Disorder to Transform Our Lives,points to a study in the early1980s that divided undergraduates into two groups:some were advised to set out monthly goals and study activities;others were told to plan activities and golds in much more detail,day by day.①While the researchers assumed that the well-structured daily plans would be most effective when it came to the execution of tasks,they were wrong:the detailed daily plans demotivated students.②Harford argues that inevitable distractions often render the daily to-do list ineffective,while leaving room for improvisation in such a list can reap the best results.①In order to make the most of our focus and energy,we also need to embrace downtime,or as Newport suggests,“be lazy.”①“Idleness is not just a vacation,an indulgence or a vice;it is as indispensable to the brain as vitamin D is to the body…[idleness]is,paradoxically,necessary to getting any work done,”he argues.①Srini Pillay,an assistant professor of psychiatry at Harvard Medical School, believes this counterintuitive link between downtime and productivity may be due to the way our brains operate.②When our brains switch between being focused and unfocused on a task,they tend to be more efficient.①“What people don’t realise is that in order to complete these tasks they need to use both the focus and unfocus circuits in their brain,”says Pillay.36.The key to mastering the art of deep work is to____.[A]list your immediate tasks[B]make specific daily plans[C]keep to your focus time[D]seize every minute to work37.The study in the early1980s cited by Harford shows that____.[A]daily schedules are indispensable to studying[B]students are hardly motivated by monthly goals[C]detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected[D]distractions may actually increase efficiency38.According to Newport,idleness is____.[A]an essential factor in accomplishing any work.[B]an effective way to save time and energy[C]a major contributor to physical health[D]a desirable mental state for busy people39.Pillay believes that our brains’shift between being focused and unfocused______.[A]can result in psychological well-being[B]can bring about greater efficiency[C]is aimed at better balance in work[D]is driven by task urgency40.This text is mainly about______.[A]the key to eliminating distractions[B]the cause of the lack of focus time[C]ways to relieve the tension of busy life[D]approaches to getting more done in less timePart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each of the numbered paragraphs (41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points)A.st say itB.e presentC.kip the small talkD.sk for an opinionE.ind the“me too”sF.me,places,thingsG.y a unique complimentFive ways to make conversation with anyoneConversations are links,which means when you have a conversation with a new person a link gets formed and every conversation you have after that moment will strengthen the link.You meet new people every day:the grocery worker,the cab driver,new people at work or the security guard at the door.Simply starting a conversation with them will form a link.Here are five simple ways that you can make the first move and start a conversation with strangers.41.___________________Suppose you are in a room with someone you don't know and something within you says“I want to talk with this person”—this is something that mostly happens with all of us.You wanted to say something—the first word—but it just won't come out, it feels like it is stuck somewhere.I know the feeling and here is my advice:just get it out.Just think:what is the worst that could happen?They won't talk with you?Well, they are not talking with you now!I truly believe that once you get that first word out everything else will justflow.So keep it simple:“Hi”,“Hey”or“Hello”—do the best you can to gather all of the enthusiasm and energy you can,put on a big smile and say“Hi”.42.____________________It’s a problem all of us face;you have limited time with the person that you want to talk with and you want to make this talk memorable.Honestly,if we got stuck in the rut of“hi”,“hello”,“how are you?”and “what's going on?”,you will fail to give the initial jolt to the conversation that can make it so memorable.So don't be afraid to ask more personal questions.Trust me,you’ll be surprised to see how much people are willing to share if you just ask.43.____________________When you meet a person for the first time,make an effort to find the things which you and that person have in common so that you can build the conversation from that point.When you start conversation from there and then move outwards,you’ll find all of a sudden that the conversation becomes a lot easier.44.____________________Imagine you are pouring your heart out to someone and they are just busy on their phone,and if you ask for their attention you get the response“I can multitask”.So when someone tries to communicate with you,just be in that communication wholeheartedly.Make eye contact.Trust me,eye contact is where all the magic happens. When you make eye contact,you can feel the conversation.45.____________________You all came into a conversation where you first met the person,but after some time you may have met again and have forgotten their name.Isn't that awkward!So,remember the little details of the people you met or you talked with;perhaps the places they have been to,the places they want to go,the things they like,the things they hate—whatever you talk about.When you remember such things you can automatically become investor in their wellbeing.So they feel a responsibility to you to keep that relationship going.That's it.Five amazing ways that you can make conversation with almost anyone. Every person is a really good book to read,or to have a conversation with!Section III Translation46.Directions:Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path froma list of occupations.He ticks“astronaut”but quickly adds“scientist”to the list and selects it as well.The boy is convinced that if he reads enough,he can explore as many career paths as he likes.And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels.He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a“no reading policy”at the dinner table.That boy was Bill Gates,and he hasn’t stopped reading yet—not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet.Nowadays,his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books:recently,he revealed that he reads at least50nonfiction books a year.Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works.“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,”Gates says.Section IV WritingPart A47.Directions:Suppose you have to cancel your travel plan and will not be able to visit Professor Smith.Write him an email to1)apologize and explain the situation,and2)suggest a future meeting.You should write about100words on the ANSWER SHEET.Do not use your own e“Li Ming”instead.Do not write your address.(10points)Part B48.Directions:Write an essay based on the chart below.In your writing,you should1)interpret the chart,and2)give your comments.You should write about150words on the ANSWER SHEET.(15points)2018年考研英语二真题答案SectionⅠUse of English1.【答案】A2.【答案】C3.【答案】D4.【答案】C5.【答案】B6.【答案】C7.【答案】D8.【答案】A9.【答案】B10.【答案】D11.【答案】C12.【答案】D13.【答案】B14.【答案】A15.【答案】A16.【答案】A17.【答案】B18.【答案】C19.【答案】A20.【答案】DPart A Text121.【答案】C practical ability22.【答案】B are not academically successful23.【答案】C used to have more job opportunities24.【答案】D indicate the overvaluing of higher education25.【答案】A supportiveText226.【答案】C falling27.【答案】A is progressing notably28.【答案】A wind is a widely used energy source29.【答案】C its continuous supply is becoming a reality30.【答案】C is not really encouraged by the US government Text331.【答案】[B]user information32.【答案】[C]pose a risk to Facebook users33.【答案】[D]cannot keep pace with the changing market34.【答案】[D]the services are paid for by advertisers.35.【答案】[D]the relationship between digital giants and their users. Text436.【答案】[D]keep to your focus time37.【答案】[B]detailed plans may not be as fruitful as expected38.【答案】[D]an essential factor in accomplishing any work.39.【答案】[A]can bring about greater efficiency.40.【答案】[A]approaches to getting more done in less time.Part B41.【答案】B42.【答案】F43.【答案】D44.【答案】G45.【答案】E。

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