2010真题
2010年考研英语真题及答案
2010年考研英语真题及答案真题部分：Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Is Feeling the Real Skill?A fundamental difference between our brain and a computer is the size of our working memory. Working memory holds the 1_______ (1) we need to think and make sense of the world. A bit like the whiteboard we have2_______ (2) school, it's where we do our mental 3_______ (3). But crucially, our working memory has a severely limited capacity: it can hold only four items at 4_______ (4). By contrast, the long-term memory at our fingertips via Google is 5_______ (5).The notion that 6_______ (6) it is to "download information" nowadays ruins the cerebral fun. After 7_______ (7) we have four items in our working memory or fewer, the space is 8_______ (8) for daydreams, fantasies and emotion. An obsession with 9_______ (9) multitudes of facts and figures challenges our brain's ability to learn, as well as how much it can deal 10_______ (10) partly because it's usually uninteresting despite the onslaught 11_______ (11) compelling facts.In addition, 12_______ (12) heavy reliance on technology is forcing radical changes to a century-old system of 13_______ (13) that may notwork properly. We will need to teach people differently if heavy use of Google is 14_______ (14) our mental approach. A good lesson for education is to ensure learners are curious and engaged and to 15_______ (15) the chance for them to find answers.0. A. notion B. information C. imagination D. fiction1. A. aspect B. measure C. truth D. thought2. A. left on B. bought from C. written on D. brought up3. A. show B. work C. process D. effect4. A. once B. yet C. even D. instead5. A. bare B. limited C. vast D. everlasting6. A. easy B. common C. difficult D. ironic7. A. occasional B. occasionally C. occasion D. occasions8. A. left B. driven C. taken D. given9. A. learning B. memorizing C. forgetting D. sharing10. A. of B. into C. with D. for11. A. at B. on C. of D. for12. A. this B. that C. a D. an13. A. marking B. studying C. examination D. assessment14. A. to change B. changing C. to have changed D. to be changing15. A. limit B. take C. keep D. set参考答案：0. A 1. D 2. C 3. B 4. A5. C6. C7. D8. A9. B10. A 11. C 12. B 13. D 14. B15. CSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text 1There are two classic neurological accounts of how you recognize your home. One says you look for a particular place surrounded by a globally unique set of buildings in an overall configuraTION that is familiar. The other says you come in by one of the roads that lead up to your front door. Each theory is about equally correct, which necessarily means each is about equally wrong—for reasons we shall come to.Then after you park—it’s only now that you feel you have really come home. You open the front door. And you step in. There is no flash of lightning, no sudden, overpowering sensation that says “this is home, I definitely know that…”—in fact, the sensation is so weak and unremarkablethat it would not even pass most psychologists’ test for “awareNESS”. Your sense of you and your sense of home come together in the end, we suggest, only by good organization of the interaction of several different areas of the brain.The particular way the familiar street geometry fits together around your home may indeed form a key part of the representation of home place in your brain. But surely this information reaches your brain only after the composition and layout of the buildings have been spatially coded by the areas that subserve perception of shape, tracings and layout? Then again, how could you, even in principle, perceive the streets around your home layout and location, without the functioning of your long-term memory and your personality-mood-system?And in what format does this memory of place exist? It obviously includes the ability to recognize and recall particular street sequences, but does it also include the ability to monitor your speed and keep track of how far you have moved through the world?What, for example, is the home place in the reference frame of the dynamic optic flow that you see as you walk or drive on the streets around your house? It would surely be an absurd proposition to suggest that the mathematical model of the optic flow should be used to retain and recall your memory of place?Our point, then, is that we expect both theories of landmark recognition to be correct and at the same time not to be correct. Home is a bit like pornography: a marriage of Flemish property porn, soft pornography ofbuildings and space, of streets as well as buildings, and some hardporn that comes in from the optic flow of moving around.16. The author argues that both neurological accounts of recognition of home are equally wrong because _______.A. their approaches are globally uniqueB. they are based on the same kind of reasoningC. all psychologists agree that they are unreliableD. each only focuses on one piece of the puzzle17. The author suggests that the sense of being at home is not immediately recognizable because _______.A. it is not a true awarenessB. people have difficulty organizing their interactionsC. it involves the activation of several brain areasD. it is not supported by psychologists' tests18. According to the text, how do people recognize the familiar geometry of the streets around their home?A. By perceiving their relationship to the house firstB. By tracking their speed as they move along the streetsC. By recalling the layout of the buildings in the areaD. By monitoring their long-term memory and mood19. The author suggests that the memory of place is not limited to recalling street sequences but also involves _______.A. recognition of the optic flowB. frequent monitoring of locationC. understanding of mathematical modelsD. perception of shape and layout20. The final sentence of the text suggests that the memory of home consists of _______.A. a collection of buildings and streetsB. a mixture of visual and emotional experiencesC. a series of mathematical and spatial equationsD. a combination of different neurological approaches参考答案：16. D 17. C 18. C 19. A 20. BPart BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 21-25, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The Coming Golden AgeEconomic forecasting is a mug's game．But if the next ten years are like the 1990s or the 1950s，even the most cautious fund manager will need to position themselves furiously for the coming golden age.Between 1948-73 the world economy grew at an underlying rate of 4% a year；trade grew at twice that rate．The sheer amounts of people being conned into borrowing huge amounts of money set the scene for a financial crisis．But the reaction to the recession has set the stage for the coming boom．The acceleration of globalization over the past 18 months strongly suggests that the persistent trends of the past 30 years will carry on．Oil and commodities aside，the prices of goods have been falling ever since Richard Nixon ended the gold standard in 1971．The Internet boom of the late 1990s helped damp down inflation still further．We are thus in a world economy where the 7 billionth consumer is about to join our club in China．And the 8 billionth consumer is 30-40 years away，in Africa．China and India have absorbed at least 300 million people intothe market–oriented economy over the past 20 years．China and India are going to surprise on the upside，for years．Efficiency gains and per capita income growth in these two countries will emerge as the two big drivers of the world economy．So why do investors think high productivity and low inflation are bad news for shares? We think the productive use of facilities and labourtranslates into high profits．If 4% trend growth is back，say hello to profit margins around the world at least 20% higher in the next decade than in the previous one．The coming golden age is going to be very good indeed for profits．21．However A．The accelerating trend of globalization22．Furthermore B．Per capita income in Asian emerging markets 23．Meanwhile C．The current low inflation environment24．Moreover D．Efficiency gains in the global economy25．Thus E．The rising affluence of consumers in emerging markets参考答案：21. D 22. B 23. E 24. A 25. CSection III TranslationPart ADirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)The presence of carefully selected plants inside malls, workplaces, and other buildings where people spend a lot of time can help create healthier, more pleasant environments. This is not just an aesthetic judgment; the effect has been proven in numerous studies. For example, in a Seattle office building, workers with a view of trees took fewer sick days and made fewer errors in their work than those without such a view. Other studies in hospitals and workplaces have found plants have similar effects, including enabling people to recover more quickly from surgery, improve concentration, and reduce stress.参考答案：商场、工作场所和其他人们长时间待在的建筑物内安置精心选取的植物可以帮助营造更健康、更愉悦的环境。
2010年考研真题和详细解析
1. 1984年1月3日，意大利人卡内帕给恩格斯写信，请求他为即将在日内瓦出版的饿《新纪元》周刊的创刊号题词，而且要求尽量用简短的字句来表述未来的社会主义纪元的基本思想，以区别于伟大诗人但丁的对旧纪元所作的“一些人统治，另一些人受苦难”的界定。
恩格斯回答说，这就是：“代替那存在着阶级和阶级对立的资产阶级旧社会的，将是这样一个联合体，在那里，每个人的自由发展是一切人的自由发展的条件。
”这段话表明，马克思主义追求的根本价值目标是（）A．实现人的自由而全面的发展B．实现人类永恒不变的普适价值C．建立一个四海之内皆兄弟的大同世界D．建立一个自由，平等，博爱的理性王国【答案】A【解析】本题考查的考点是马克思主义最崇高的社会理想，即马克思追求的根本价值目标，进入共产主义社会，实现人的自由而全面的发展，所以，正确答案是A选项。
2.有一则箴言：“在溪水和岩石的斗争中，胜利的总是溪水，不是因为力量，而是因为坚持。
”“坚持就是胜利”的哲理在于（）A．必然性通过偶然性开辟道路B．肯定中包含着否定的因素C．量变必然引起质变D．有其因必有其果【答案】C【解析】坚持就是胜利，体现了事物量变发展到一定阶段必然会引起质变，达到事物根本性质的变化，所以，本题体现的是量变必然引起质变，正确答案是选项C。
3. 右边这张照片反映出由于气候变暖，北极冰盖融化，致使北极熊无处可去的场景，颇具震撼力。
它给我们地球上的人类发出的警示是（）A．人与自然的关系成为人与人之间一切社会关系的核心B．生态失衡已成为自然界自身周期演化不可逆转的趋势C．自然地理环境已成为人类社会发展的根本决定力量D．生态环境已日益成为人类反思自身活动的重要前提【答案】D【解析】本题考查人与自然的关系，气候变暖给人类发出的警示是人在对于自然的作用过程中，生态环境已日益成为人类反思自身活动的重要前提，保护自然，协调人和自然的关系是大势所趋，所以，正确答案是选项D。
4. 劳动力成为商品是货币转化为资本的前提条件，这是因为（）A．资本家购买的是劳动力的价值B．劳动力商品具有价值和使用价值C．货币所有者购买的劳动力能够带来剩余价值D．劳动力自身的价值能够在消费过程中转移到新的商品中去【答案】C【解析】劳动力商品的最主要特点，表现在它的使用价值上。
考研英语2010年真题
考研英语2010年真题Ⅰ.听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节(共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)听下面5段对话。
每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。
听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.Why can’t the woman go to the cinema with the man?A.She will have a discussion about her cousin’s education.B.She would ask her cousin to go there.C.She will have a talk with her cousin.2.How much will the man pay for those tickets?A.4 dollars.B.8 dollars.C.12 dollars.3.What happened to the woman’s brother?A.He had a car accident.B.He cared for his sister.C.He attended the class.4.What did Mr.Black ask the woman to do?A.To type something important.B.To see an interesting movie.C.To send a notice to him.5. What’s the possible relationship between the two speakers?A.Passenger and driver.B.Husband and wife.C.Guide and visitor.第二节(共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。
2010管理类联考综合真题(含答案)
(E）古典音乐不流行。 如果流行， 那就说明大众的音乐欣赏水平大大提高了。 32. 在某次课程教学改革研讨会上， 负责工程类教学的程老师说， 在工程设计中， 用于解决数学问题的计算机程 序越来越多了， 这样就不必要求工程技术类大学生对基础数学有深刻的理解． 因此， 在未来的教学中， 基础 数学课程可以用其它重要的工程类课程代替。 以下哪项如果为真， 能削弱程老师的上述论证？ I， 工程类基础课程中已经包含了相关的基础数学的内容。 II， 在工程设计中， 设计计算机程序需要对基础数学有全面的理解。 田， 基础数学课程的一个重要目标是培养学生的思维能力， 这种能力对工程设计来说很关键。 (A）只有E (D）只有E和皿 (B）只有I和E (E) I、 II和III (C) I、 II和皿
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A
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图3
三、逻辑推理z第26-55小题，每小题2分，共60分。下列每题所给出的（A)、（B）、（C）、（D）、（E）五个选项 中，只有 － 项是符合试题要求的．请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑． 26.针对威胁人类健康的甲型HlNl流感，研究人员研制出了相应的疫苗，尽管这些疫苗是有效的，但某大学研究 人员发现，阿司匹林、提苯基乙酷肢等抑制某些酶的药物会影响疫苗的效果， 这位研究员指出： 如果你服用 了阿司匹林或者乙酷基酌，那么你注射疫苗后就必然不会产生良好的抗体反映。” 如果小张住射疫苗后产生了良好的抗体反映，那么根据上述研究结果可以得出 一 下哪些结论？ (A）小张服用了阿司匹林，但没有服用对乙酷基盼。 (B）小张服没有用阿司匹林，但感染了HlNl流感病毒。 (C）小张服用了阿司匹林，但没有感染了HlNl流感病毒。 (D）小张服没有用了阿司匹林，也没有服用对乙酷基醋。 (E）小张服用了乙酷基盼，但没有服用担苯基乙酷肢。 27.为了调查当前人们的识字水平，其实验者列举了20个词语，请30位文化人士识读，这些人的文化程度都在大 “ 专以上。识读结果显示，多数人具读对3到5个词语，极少数人读对15以上，甚至有人全部读错。其中， 蹒 ” ” 跚 的辨识率最高，30人中有19人读对，“呱呱坠地 所有人都读错，20个词语的整体误读率接近80%，该 实验者由此得出，当前人们的识字水平并没有提高，甚至有所下降。 以下哪项如果是真，最能对该实验者的结论构成质疑？
2010年考研数学一真题及参考答案
2010考研数学（一）真题及参考答案一、选择题（1）、极限2lim ()()x x x x a x b ®¥æö=ç÷-+èø（ C ） A 、1 B 、e C 、a be - D 、b ae-【详解】【详解】()()2222ln 1()()()()()()()()lim lim lim ()()lim lim xx x x x x a x b x a x b x x x a b x ab a b x abxx x a x b x a x b x x a bx e e x a x b ee eæöæö-ç÷ç÷ç÷ç÷-+-+èøèø®¥®¥®¥-+æö-+ç÷ç÷-+-+èø®¥®¥-æö==ç÷-+èø===（2）、设函数(,)z z x y =，由方程(,)0y z F x x =确定，其中F 为可微函数，且20F ¢¹，则z zx y u y¶¶+=¶¶（ B ）A 、xB 、zC 、x -D z -【详解】【详解】 等式两边求全微分得：121212()()()0x x y y z z Fu F v dx Fu F v dy Fu F v dz ¢¢¢¢¢¢+++++=， 所以有，1212x x z z F u F v z x F u F v ¢¢+¶=-¢¢¶+，1212yy z z Fu F v z y Fu F v ¢¢+¶=-¢¢¶+， 其中，2x y u x =-，1y u x =，0z u =，2x z v x =-，0yv =，1z v x=，代入即可。
2010计算机统考真题与答案
一、单选题1、若元素a,b,c,d,e,f依次进栈，允许进栈、退栈操作交替进行。
但不允许连续三次进行退栈工作，则不可能得到的出栈序列是（ D ）A：dcebfa B：cbdaef C：dbcaef D：afedcb2、某队列允许在其两端进行入队操作，但仅允许在一端进行出队操作，则不可能得到的顺序是（ C ）A：bacde B：dbace C：dbcae D：ecbad3、下列线索二叉树中（用虚线表示线索），符合后序线索树定义的是（ B ）4、在下列所示的平衡二叉树中插入关键字48后得到一棵新平衡二叉树，在新平衡二叉树中，关键字37所在结点的左、右子结点中保存的关键字分别是（ C ）A：13，48 B：24，48 C：24，53 D：24，905、在一棵度为4的树T中，若有20个度为4的结点，10个度为3的结点，1个度为2的结点，10个度为1的结点，则树T的叶节点个数是（B）A：41 B：82 C：113 D：1226、对n(n大于等于2)个权值均不相同的字符构成哈夫曼树，关于该树的叙述中，错误的是（B）A：该树一定是一棵完全二叉树 B：树中一定没有度为1的结点C：树中两个权值最小的结点一定是兄弟结点 D：树中任一非叶结点的权值一定不小于下一任一结点的权值7、若无向图G-（V.E）中含7个顶点，则保证图G在任何情况下都是连通的，则需要的边数最少是（A）A ：6 B：15 C：16 D：218、对下图进行拓补排序，可以得到不同的拓补序列的个数是（B ）A：4 B：3 C：2 D：19、已知一个长度为16的顺序表L，其元素按关键字有序排列，若采用折半查找法查找一个不存在的元素，则比较次数最多是（A）A：4 B：5 C：6 D：710、采用递归方式对顺序表进行快速排序，下列关于递归次数的叙述中，正确的是（D）A：递归次数与初始数据的排列次序无关B：每次划分后，先处理较长的分区可以减少递归次数C：每次划分后，先处理较短的分区可以减少递归次数D：递归次数与每次划分后得到的分区处理顺序无关11、对一组数据（2，12，16，88，5，10）进行排序，若前三趟排序结果如下（A）第一趟：2，12，16，5，10，88第二趟：2，12，5，10，16，88第三趟：2，5，10，12，16，88则采用的排序方法可能是：A：起泡排序 B：希尔排序 C：归并排序 D：基数排序12、下列选项中，能缩短程序执行时间的措施是（D）I 提高CPU时钟频率，II优化数据通过结构，III对程序进行编译优化A：仅I和II B：仅I和III C：仅II和III D：I，II，III13、假定有4个整数用8位补码分别表示r1=FEH ,r2=F2H ,r3=90H,r4=F8H,若将运算结果存放在一个8位的寄存器中，则下列运算会发生溢出的是（C）A： r1*r2 B ：r2*r3 C：r1*r4 D：r2*r414、假定变量I,f,d数据类型分别为int,float和double(int用补码表示，float和double分别用IEEE754单精度和双精度浮点数据格式表示)，已知i=785,f=1.5678,d=1.5若在32位机器中执行下列关系表达式，则结果为真是（C）（I）f=(int)(float)I (II)f=(float)(int)f (III)f=(float)(double) (IV)=(d+f)-d=fA：仅I和II B：仅I和III C：仅II和III D：仅III和IV15、假定用若干个2k*4位芯片组成一个8*8位存储器，则地址0B1FH所在芯片的最小地址是（D）A：0000H B：0600H C： 0700H D：0800H16、下列有关RAM和ROM的叙述中，正确的是（A）I、 RAM是易失性存储器，ROM是非易失性存储器II、 RAM和ROM都是采用随机存取的方式进行信息访问III、RAM和ROM都可用作CacheIV、RAM和ROM都需要进行刷新A：仅I和II B：仅II和III C：仅I,II，III D：仅II，III，IV17、下列命令组合情况中，一次访存过程中，不可能发生的是（D）A：TLB未命中，Cache未命中，Page未命中B：TLB未命中，Cache命中，Page命中C：TLB命中，Cache未命中，Page命中D：TLB命中，Cache命中，Page未命中18、下列存储器中，汇编语言程序员可见的是（B）A：存储器地址寄存器（MAR） B：程序计数器（PC）C：存储器数据寄存器（MDR） D：指令寄存器（IR）19、下列不会引起指令流水阻塞的是（A）A：数据旁路 B：数据相关 C：条件转移 D：资源冲突20、下列选项中的英文缩写均为总线标准的是（D）A：PCI、CRT、USB、EISA B：ISA、CPI、VESA、EISAC：ISA、SCSI、RAM、MIPS D：ISA、EISA、PCI、PCI-Express21、单级中断系统中，中断服务程序执行顺序是（A）I、保护现场 II、开中断 III、关中断 IV、保存断点V、中断事件处理 VI、恢复现场 VII、中断返回A：I、V、VI、II、VIIB：III、I、V、VIIC：III、IV、V、VI、VIID：IV、I、V、VI、VII22、假定一台计算机的显示存储器用DRAM芯片实现，若要求显示分辨率为1600*1200，颜色深度为24位，帧频为85Hz，显示总带宽的50% 用来刷新屏幕，则需要的显存总带宽至少约为（D）A ：245 MbpsB：979 MbpsC：1958 MbpsD：7834Mbps23、下列选项中，操作S提供的给应用程序的接口是（A）A：系统调用B：中断C：库函数D：原语24、下列选项中，导致创进新进程的操作是（C）I用户成功登陆 II设备分配 III启动程序执行A：仅I和IIB：仅II和IIIC：仅I和IIID：I，II，III25、设与某资源相关联的信号量初值为3，当前值为1，若M表示该资源的可用个数，N表示等待资源的进程数，则M,N分别是（B ）A：0，1B：1，0C：1，2D：2，026、下列选项中，降低进程优先权级的合理时机是（ A ）A：进程的时间片用完B：进程刚完成Z/O，进入就绪队列C：进程长期处于就绪队列中D：就绪从就绪状态转为运行态27、进行P0和P1的共享变量定义及其初值为（ A ）boolean flag[2]；int turn=0；flag[0]=faulse；flag[1]=faulse；若进行P0和P1访问临界资源的类C代码实现如下：Void p0（）// 进程p0 Void p1（）// 进程p1{while（TURE）} {while（TURE）}Flag[0]=TURE;ture=1 Flag[1]=TURE; ture=1While （flag[1]&&（turn==1）） While （flag[0]&&（turn==0））临界区：Flag[0]=FALSE; Flag[1]=FALSE;} }} }则并发执行进程P0和P1时产生的情况是：A：不能保证进程互斥进入临界区，会出现“饥饿”现象B：不能保证进程互斥进入临界区，不会出现“饥饿”现象C：能保证进程互斥进入临界区，会出现“饥饿”现象D：能保证进程互斥进入临界区，不会出现“饥饿”现象28、某基于动态分区存储管理的计算机，其主存容量为55mb（初试为空间），采用最佳适配（Best fit）算法，分配和释放的顺序为：分配15mb，分配30mb，释放15mb，分配8mb，此时主存中最大空闲分区的大小是（ B ）A：7mbB：9mbC：10mbD：15mb29、某计算机采用二级页表的分页存储管理方式，按字节编制，页大小为216字节，页表项大小为2字节，逻辑地址结构为逻辑地址空间大小为216页，则表示整个逻辑地址空间的页目录表中包含表项的个数至少是（ B ）A：64B：128C：256D：51230、设文件索引节点中有7个地址项，其中4个地址项为直接地址索引，2个地址项是一级间接地址索引，1个地址项是二级间接地址索引，每个地址项大小为4字节，若磁盘索引块和磁盘数据块大小均为256字节，则可表示的单个文件的最大长度是（ C ）A：33kbB：519kbC：1057kbD：16513kb31、设置当前工作目录的主要目的是（ C ）A：节省外存空间B：节省内容空间C：加快文件的检索速度D：加快文件的读写速度32、本地用户通过键盘登录系统时，首先获得键盘输入信息的程序是（B ）A：命令解释程序B：中断处理程序C：系统调用程序D：用户登录程序33、下列选项中，不属于网络体系结构中所描述的内容是（ C ）A：网络的层次B：每一层使用的协议C：协议的内部实现细节D：每一层必须完成的功能34、在下图所示的采用“存储-转发”方式分组的交换网络中，所有链路的数据传输速度为100mbps，分组大小为1000B，其中分组头大小20B，若主机H1向主机H2发送一个大小为980000B的文件，则在不考虑分组拆装时间和传播延迟的情况下，从H1发送到H2接收完为止，需要的时间至少是（ A ）A：80msB：80.08msC：80.16msD：80.24ms35、某自治系统采用RIP协议，若该自治系统内的路由器R1收到其邻居路由器R2的距离矢量中包含信息＜net1，16＞，则可能得出的结论是（ A ）A：R2可以经过R1到达net1，跳数为17B：R2可以到达net1，跳数为16C：R1可以经过R2到达net1，跳数为17D：R1不能进过R2到达net136、若路由器R因为拥塞丢弃IP分组，则此时R可以向发出该IP分组的源主机发送的ICMP报文件类型是（ C ）A：路由重定向B：目的不可达C：源抑制D：超时37、某网络的IP地址为192.168.5.0/24采用长子网划分，子网掩码为255.255.255.248，则该网络的最大子网个数，每个子网内的最大可分配地址个数为（ B ）A：32，8B：32，6C：8，32D：8，3038、下列网络设备中，能够抑制网络风暴的是（ C ）Ⅰ中继器Ⅱ集线器Ⅲ网桥Ⅳ路由器A：仅Ⅰ和ⅡB：仅ⅢC：仅Ⅲ和ⅣD：仅Ⅳ39、主机甲和主机乙之间已建立一个TCP连接，TCP最大段长度为1000字节，若主机甲的当前拥塞窗口为4000字节，在主机甲向主机乙连接发送2个最大段后，成功收到主机乙发送的第一段的确认段，确认段中通告的接收窗口大小为2000字节，则此时主机甲还可以向主机乙发送的最大字节数是（ A ）A：1000B：2000C：3000D：400040、如果本地域名服务无缓存，当采用递归方法解析另一网络某主机域名时，用户主机本地域名服务器发送的域名请求条数分别为（ A ）A：1条，1条B：1条，多条C：多条，1条D：多条，多条二、综合应用题：41-47小题，共计70分41.（10分）将关键字序列（7、8、11、18、9、14）散列存储到散列列表中，散列表的存储空间是一个下标从0开始的一个一维数组散列函数维：H（key）=（key×3）MODT，处理冲突采用线性探测再散列法，要求装填（载）因子为0.7问题：（1）请画出所构造的散列表；（2）分别计算等概率情况下，查找成功和查找不成功的平均查找长度。
2010年全国新课标地区高考真题(含答案)语文
2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试语文第I卷阅读题甲必考题一、现代文阅读（9分，每小题3分）（2010课程标准卷，一）阅读下面文字，完成1~3题。
‚书‛本是指文字符号，现在提到的‚书‛不是从文字符号讲，也不是从文字学‚六书‛来讲，而是从书法艺术讲。
书法对中华民族有很深远的影响，‚书‛与‚金‛、‚石‛与‚画‛并称，在中国文化中占很重要的位臵。
书法是一种艺术，而且是广大人民喜闻乐见的艺术。
中国的汉字刚一出现，写字的人就有‚写得好看‛的要求和欲望。
如甲骨文就是如此，虽然字形繁难复杂，但是不论单个的字还是全篇的字，结构章法都要好看。
可见，自从有写字的行动以来，就伴随着艺术的要求，美观的要求。
不论是秦隶还是汉隶，都是刚从篆书演变过来的，写起来单调而且费事。
所以到了晋朝后，真书（又叫楷书、正书）开始出现并逐渐定型。
真书虽然各家写法不同、风格不同，但字形的结构是一致的。
在历史上篆书、隶书等使用的时间都不如真书时间长久，真书至今仍在运用，就是因为它字形比较固定，笔画转折自然，并且可以连写，多写一笔少写一笔也容易被人发现。
真书写得萦连便是行书，再写得快一点就是草书。
草书另一个来源是从汉朝的章草，就是用真书的笔法写草书，与用汉隶的笔法写章草不同，到东晋以后与真书变来的草书合流。
真书的书写很方便，所以千姿百态的作品不断涌现，艺术风格多样，出现了各种字体，比如颜体、柳体、欧体、褚体等。
在这以前没有人专门写字并靠书法出名的，就连王羲之也不是专门写字的人，古代也没有‚书法家‛这个称呼。
当时许多碑都是刻碑的工匠写的，到了唐朝开始文人写碑成风。
唐太宗爱写字，写了《晋词铭》《温泉铭》两个碑，还把这两个碑的拓本送外国使臣。
当时的文人和名臣如虞世南、欧阳询、褚遂良以及后来的颜真卿、柳公权等都写碑，这样书法的流派也逐渐增多，他们的碑帖一直流传至今。
其实，今天看见的敦煌、吐鲁番等地出土的文书、写经等，其水平真有超过传世碑版的。
唐朝一般人的文书里，也有书法比《晋词铭》|《温泉铭》好的，但是那些皇帝、大官写出来的就被人重视，许多无名书法家的作品就不为人所知了。
2010英语一真题(后附答案详解)
2010英语一真题(后附答案详解)阅读理解Passage 1文章摘要：本文讨论了生育与工作的平衡问题，认为传统的观念使得女性难以在事业与家庭之间取得平衡。
作者提出了一些建议，以促进女性在职场与家庭中取得更好的平衡。
文章主要观点：1.传统观念对女性造成了困扰，不利于她们在事业与家庭之间取得平衡。
2.需要改变传统观念，鼓励女性在职场中追求成功，并提供更好的支持与资源。
3.女性在事业与家庭之间取得平衡对整个社会都有益处。
解题思路：本文主要讲述了生育与工作的平衡问题，作者观点明确，文章结构清晰，很容易找到答案。
答案详解：1.According to the author, a successful career womanis usually one who ______.因为前半部分提到了“What does it take for a woman to become successful in business? Talent, stamina, and theability to work long hours…” 后半部分又提到了“My ownresearch, on the other hand, suggests that becoming asuccessful business woman usually requires a largemeasure of luck.” 可知，作者认为一个成功的职业女性通常需要的是运气而不是实力。
答案：D. has more than a fair share of luck.2.It can be inferred from the passage that ______.根据文章最后一句可以判断出以上观点都是错误的。
答案：A. none of the traditional views on balancing work and family is correct.3.What is preventing women from striking a balancebetween family and work, according to some researchers?根据文章最后一段的描述可以得知，很多研究者认为传统的观念对女性造成了困扰，防碍了她们在事业和家庭之间取得平衡。
2010国考行测真题(附答案)
第一部分言语理解与表达（共40题，参考时限35分钟）本部分包括表达与理解两方面的内容，请根据题目要求，在四个选项中选出一个最恰当的答案。
请开始答题：1．“诗是不可译的，中国古典诗歌更是不可译的。
”爱好古典诗歌的中国人，包括不少作家、学者、翻译家常常如是说，语气中带着七分三分。
然而，话说回来，如果没有翻译。
中国古典诗歌如何走出国门，走向世界呢？依此填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是（）A．自豪遗憾B．无奈悲伤C．感伤埋怨D．骄傲惭愧2．茶艺与茶道精神是中国茶文化的核心，“艺”是指制茶、烹茶、品茶等艺茶之术，“道”是指艺茶过程中所的精神。
有道而无艺，那是的理论；有艺而无道，艺则无精、无神。
依此填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是（）A．传达虚浮B．包涵虚无C．贯穿空洞D．体现枯燥3．从20世纪90年代“人类基因工程”计划启动之日起，美国，日本，欧洲等展开了一场激烈的基因专利争夺战，因为谁拥有专利，就意味着谁能在国籍上获得基因产业的“王牌”，谁就能拥有今后基因开发的庞大市场，为此，美国等少数发达国家大量地将阶段性研究成果申请了专利。
依此填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是（）A．垄断抢先B．操作独立C．控制自发D．专营及时4．明代工艺品的名字大都先强调年号，然后再强调东西本身，但景泰蓝不是在景泰年间出现，而是在元代就出现了，到了景泰年间，皇家的重视使它，因此有了今天这样一个通俗易懂且带有文学色彩的名字──景泰蓝。
依此填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是（）A．如日中天B．名声大噪C．声名鹊起D．享誉中外5．五四运动后，许多人追求真理。
追求人们开始用新的眼光看中国、看世界，从对各种社会思潮，政治主张和政治力量的中认真思考，逐步看到西方的种种社会，开始怀疑资产阶级共和国的救国方案。
依此填入划横线部分最恰当的一项是（）A．识别通病B．甄别矛盾C．辨别现象D．鉴别弊端6．世界主要经济发展发达国家和地区目前已就发展低碳经济达成共识：以经济发展模式由“高碳”向“低碳”转型为，通过市场机制下的经济手段推动低碳经济的发展，以减缓人类活动对气候的破坏并逐渐达到一种互相的良性发展状态。
2010年国家公务员考试行测真题答案及解析
2010年国家公务员考试行测真题答案及解析2010年12月06日 12:591.关键词：十七大报告、社会建设【答案】D。
强化政府服务职能，建设服务型政府2.关键词：综合国力、【答案】C。
我国在哥本哈根气候峰会上提出了单位GDP碳减排的量化目标3.关键词：西部大开发战略【答案】C。
西部大开发覆盖地域指陕、甘、宁、青、新等西北五省(区)及西藏自治区4.关键词：能源条件【答案】B。
富煤、缺油、少气5.关键词：第六次人口普查【答案】B。
所取得的数据不得作为对普查对象实施处罚的依据6.关键词：法律规定【答案】D。
丁村享有选举权的村民有500人，其中300人参与了村委会主任选举，候选人王某、张某和黄某分别获得选票120票、100票和80票，因而王某当选7.关键词：人大代表选举【答案】D.2010年修改的选举法规定，全国人民代表大会代表名额，按照每一代表所代表的城乡人口数2：1的原则，以及保证各地区、各民族、各方面都有适当数量代表的要求进行分配8.关键词：国防动员法【答案】D。
全国人民代表大会常务委员会、国家主席9.关键词：西柏坡时期、先后顺序【答案】A.①③②10.关键词：人类航天史【答案】D。
载人飞船首次在地球轨道上实现交会和对接是在20世纪60年代11.关键词：近30年来、前沿技术领域、重大突破【答案】D。
超大规模集成电路、第三代移动通信、高性能计算机、超级杂交水稻12.关键词：经济发展现状【答案】C。
对石油进口的依存度已接近30%13.关键词：货币升值【答案】D。
有利于消除贸易逆差14.关键词：军衔制度【答案】A。
士兵军衔肩章版面底色有棕绿色、天蓝色、黑色三种15.关键词：交通建设【答案】A。
目前国道线采用数字编号，分别以1、2、3、4开头16.关键词：第三个副省级新区【答案】C。
重庆两江17.关键词：民族关系【答案】B。
汉族离不开少数民族，少数民族离不开汉族，少数民族之间也相互离不开18.关键词：地震【答案】A。
2010考研真题及答案试题
2010考研真题及答案试题2010年的考研真题提供了一批宝贵的试题资源，对于正在准备考研的同学们来说，这是一份非常有参考价值的资料。
下面将梳理并解答部分这些试题。
一、英语试题第一部分：词汇与语法（共20小题）1. They seemed to be totally __________ to the problems caused by heavy snowstorms.答案解析：oblivious。
形容词oblivious意为“不留意的，未察觉的”。
2. __________ their initial cooperation, the two companies soon found themselves in fierce competition.答案解析：Despite。
介词Despite意为“尽管”。
第二部分：阅读理解（共25小题）Passage 1第一段：In France, trash has a home, and a name: la poubelle.题目：What does "la poubelle" refer to?答案解析：垃圾桶。
第二段：Parisians separate their waste into strict categories, stuffing some into narrow street-corner bins, and carrying the rest to recycling centers.题目：How do Parisians deal with their waste?答案解析：他们将垃圾分类，并将一部分投放到街角的小垃圾桶中，将其余部分送往回收中心。
二、政治学试题1. 下列哪项不属于国家政权的形式？A. 君主制B. 集权制C. 单一多党制D. 联邦制答案解析：C. 单一多党制属于政党制度范畴，不属于国家政权的形式。
2010年真题-2(解析版)[1](20120416)
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2010 年成人高等教育本科毕业生申请学士学位外语考试
A. prove
B. convince
C. persuade
D. argue
【解析】考查动词。Convince sb. of sth.使信服；persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事；argue 争论
【答案】B
C. point
D. meaning
【解析】考查固定搭配。There is no point in doing sth. 做某事无意义。
【答案】C
【翻译】抱怨工作条件毫无意义，经理不会再听了。
40. I have no objection(反对) ________ your design for the new type of machine this time.
【翻译】2012 年底竣工的学校新大楼可以容纳 2000 多名学生。
37. She _______ tell white lies to make people feel better, to smooth things over(使事情顺利).
A. is prone to B. is subject to C. is prior to
D. were they to arrive
【解析】考查 no sooner…than…结构。No 置于句首，需使用倒装语气；时态用过去完成时。
【答案】B
【翻译】他们刚到大剧院就开始下雨啦。
25. Each car sold in this specialized(专门的) shop comes with a one-year ________.
【翻译】这个学生努力使老师相信他的诚实。
2010年英语六级真题及答案
2010年12月大学英语六级(CET-6)真题试卷Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes) Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D], and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
11. [A] The man is the manager of the apartment building.[B] The woman is very good at bargaining.[C] The woman will get the apartment refurnished.[D] The man is looking for an apartment.12. [A] How the pictures will turn out. [B] Where the botanical garden is.[C] What the man thinks of the shots. [D] Why the pictures are not ready.13. [A] There is no replacement for the handle.[B] There is no match for the suitcase.[C] The suitcase is not worth fixing.[D] The suitcase can be fixed in time.14. [A] He needs a vehicle to be used in harsh weather.[B] He has a fairly large collection of quality trucks.[C] He has had his truck adapted for cold temperatures.[D] He does routine truck maintenance for the woman.15. [A] She cannot stand her boss‟s bad temper.[B] She has often been criticized by her boss.[C] She has made up her mind to resign.[D] She never regrets any decisions she makes.[A] Look for a shirt of a more suitable color and size.一、[B] Replace the shirt with one of some other material.[C] Visit a different store for a silk or cotton shirt.[D] Get a discount on the shirt she is going to buy.17. [A] At a “Lost and Found”. [B] At a reception desk.[C] At a trade fair. [D] At an exhibition.18. [A] Repair it and move in. [B] Pass it on to his grandson.[C] Convert it into a hotel. [D] Sell it for a good price.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. [A] Unique descriptive skills. [B] Good knowledge of readers‟ tastes.[C] Colourful world experiences. [D] Careful plotting and clueing.20. [A] A peaceful setting. [B] A spacious room.[C] To be in the right mood. [D] To be entirely alone.21. [A] They rely heavily on their own imagination.[B] They have experiences similar to the characters‟.[C] They look at the world in a detached manner.[D] They are overwhelmed by their own prejudices.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.22. [A] Good or bad, they are there to stay.[B] Like it or not, you have to use them.[C] Believe it or not, they have survived.[D] Gain or lose, they should be modernised.23. [A] The frequent train delays. [C]The food sold on the trains.[B] The high train ticket fares. [D] The monopoly of British Railways.24. [A] The low efficiency of their operation.[B] Competition from other modes of transport.[C] Constant complaints from passengers.[D] The passing of the new transport act.25. [A] They will be de-nationalised. [C] They are fast disappearing.二、[B] They provide worse service. [D] They lose a lot of money.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked [A], [B], [C] and [D]. Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2上作答。
2010考研英语真题完整版
2010考研英语真题完整版2010-01-10 23:24Section I Use of EnglishDnecclious:Read thc following text．Choose the bcsl word(s) for each numbcred blank．and mark[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)In 1924 American' National Research Council sent to engineer to supervise a series of experiments at a telephone-parts factory called the Hawhtore Plant nearChicago It hoped they would learn how stop-floor Egnting __1__ workors productivity Instead，the studies ended__2__ giving their name to the“Hawhthomeeffect”the extremely inflentlcel ldea the veey__3__to bemg expenmented upon changed subjects’behaviorThe idea arose because of the__4__behavior of the women in the plato．Accordmg to __5__of the cxpetmems．their．houriy output rose when hghtmg WaSincreased．but also when it was dimmed. It did not __6__what was done in the expenment. __7__sometmg was changed．produchnty rose A(n) __8__ that theywere bemg experimented upon seemed to be __9__t0 alterworkers' bchamor __10__ uselfAfter several decades，the salile data were __11__to econometric the analysis Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store j2一the descnpuons on record，nosystematic __13__was foundthat lcvcls of produchxnty wererelated to changes in lightingIt turns out that peculiar way of conducting the c~enments may be have let to __14__interpretation of what happed．__15__，tighring was always changed ona Sunday When work started again on Monday, output __16__ rose compared with the previous Saturday and __17__ to rise for the next couple of days __18__ , ，a comparison with data for weeks whenthere was no expenmentation showed that output always went up On Monday, workers __19__to be duigent for the first fewdays of the week in any case，before __21__a plateau and then slackening off This suggests that the alleged” Hawthorne effect“is hard to ptn down1.[A] affected [B]achieved [C]exlracted [D]restored2[A]at [B]up [C]with [D]Off3[A]Wuth [B]sight [C]act [D]proof4．[A]conVoversial [B]perplexing [c]mischieous [D]ambiguous5．[A]reqtttrents [B]cxplanalions [C]accounts [D]assements6[A]conclude [B]matter [C]indicate [D]work7[A]as faras [B]for fearthat [C]in casethat [D]so long as8．[A]awarerress [B]expectation [C]sentiment [D]illusion9．[A]suitale [B]excessive [C]enough [D]abundant10．[A]about [B]for [C]on [D]by11[A]compared [B]shown [C]subjected [D]conveyed12.[A]contrary to [B]consistent with [C]parallel with [D]pealliar to13.[A]evidence [B]guidance [C]implication [D]source14.[A]disputable [B]enlightening [C]retiable [D]wasleadmg15.[A]In contast [B]For example [C]In consequence [D]As usual16．[A]duly [B]accidentally [C]unpredictably [D]suddenly17．[A]failed [B]ceased [C]started [D]continued20.[A]breaking [B]chrnbing [C]surpassmg [D]hitingSection Ⅱ Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections：Read the following four texts．Answer the questions below each text by choosing[A]，[B]，[C]or[D]．Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1．(40 points)Text 2Over the past decade,thousands of patents have seen granled for what are called business methods．Amazon com received one for its“one-click”online paymentsystern Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy．One invenlor patented a tochnique for lying a boxNow the nation’s top patent court appears completely ready to scale hack on business-method patents, which have been controversial e,ver since they were firstauthorized 10 years ago In a movethat has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S court of Appeals for the federal ctrcuit sald it would usea particular case tOconduct a broad review of business-method patents. Inre Bijskl, as the case is k nown, is“a very big deal”, says Dermis'D Crouch of the University of MissounSchool of law．It “has the potential to elinate an entire class of patmts”Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive pinhts to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might bent them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite tha fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market. The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court’s judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluste is wether it should “reconsider” its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit’s action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme. Count that has nurrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for “inventions” that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are “reaction to the anti_patent trend at the supreme court” says Harole C wegner, a partend attorney and professor at aeorge Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its rulling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word “about-face”(Line 1, Paro 3)most probably means[A] loss of good will[B]increase of hostility[C]change of attitude[D] change of auiuled29．We learn from the last two pamgraphs that business-meihod Pateats[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are of ten unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for pateat holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30．Which of the following would bethe subject ofthe text?[A]A looming threat to bvamess-melhcd patents[B]Protection for business-method patent holders[C]A legal case regarding business-methodpatents[D] A prevailing tread against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Poinl Malcohn aladuell aloues that social epidemics are dliven inlargepart by the acting of a tiny minority of specialindividuals,often calledin flu entials who are unusuall informed, persuasive, or we connect The idea is intuit ively compelling but it doesn't explain howideas actually spread.The supposed importance of inftuentials derives from a plansible sounding but largely untested theory untested thelry called the "tow-step flow of communication" Informationllows from the mediato the inftuentials and from then to ereryone else. Marke ters have embraced the two-step flow became it suggests that if they can just find andinfluence the in fluent ials, those select people will do most of the work for them Thetheory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of people waswearing promoting or developing whaterver it is before anyone else paid attention Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain specialpeople call drivetrendsIn their recent work howeyer some researchers have come up with the finding that in fluentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is genetally supposed Infact they don’t seem to be required of allThe researchers' argument stems from a simple obserrating about social influence with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey-whose outsize presence is primanrilly a function of media not interpersonal influence-enen the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others Yet it is precisely these non-celebring influentials who according to the two-step-flow theoryare supposed to drive social enidemics by influcenciny their friends and colleagues directly .For a social epidemic to occur however each person so sffected must then influcence his or her own acquaintances,who must in turn influence theirs and so on and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential.If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the casecade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations manipulating a number of variables relating to people’s abilify to influence others and their tendence to be31. By citing the book The Tipping Point the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epid emics[B] discuss influentials’ funcition in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people’s intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials32. The author suggests that the “two-step-flow theory”[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. what the researchers have observed recenty shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public{D}most celebritiea enjoy wide media attention34.the underlined phrase “these people”in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who{A}stay outside the network of social influence{B}have little contact with the source of influence{C}are influenced and then influence others{D} are influenced by the initial influential34.what is the essential slement in the dynamics of social influence?{A}The eageiness to be accepted{B}The impulse to influence others{C}The resdiness to be influenced{D}The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public .Behind eht scenes,theyhave been taking aim at someone else the accounting standard-setters.Their rules,moan the banks,have forced them to r eport enormous losses,and it’s just not fair.These rules say they must value some assets at the price atheird party would pay,not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately,banks’lobbying now seems to be working.The details may be unknowable,but the independence of standard-setters,essential to the proper functioning of capital marksts,is being compromised.And,unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers,reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Xongress.America;s Financial Accounting Standards Board(FASB)rushed through rule changse.These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long0term assets in their in come statement.Bob Herz,the FASB’s chairman,cried out against ehose who ”question our motives.”Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls”the use of judgment by management.”European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board(IASB)do likewise.The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning,but the pressure to fold when it comletes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong Charlie McCreevy,a European commiss ioner,warned the IASB that is did”not live in a political vacuum”but”in the real word” and the Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet,with accouts htat wastly overvalued assets.today they argue htat market prices overstate loeees,because hteyLargerly reflect the temporary illiquldity of markets,not the likely entent of bad debts.The truth will not be known for years.But bank’s shares trade below their book value,suggeting that investors are akeptical.And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses,yet are relucaant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the sysytem working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with.America’s new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that,cleaning up rules on stock options ang pensions,for example,against hostility interests. But by giving in to critics now they are inviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A]follow anfavorable asset evaluation rules[B]collect payments from third parties[C]cooperate with the price managers[D]reevaluate some of their assets37.According to the author,the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A]the dimingishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking syestem[C]the b ank’s long-term asset lossers[D]the weakening og its indepentdence38. According to Paragarph 4,McCreevy objects to the IASB’s attempt to[A] keep away from political influences[B] evade the pressure from their peers[C] act on their own in ruli-setting[D]take gradual measures in reform39、The author thinks the banks were“on the wrong planet”in that they[A]mis interpreted market price indicators[B]exaggerated the real value of their assets[C]neglected the likely existence of bad debts[D]denied booking losses in their sale of assets40、The author’s attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A]satisfaction[B]skepticism[C]objectiveness[D]sympathyPart BDirections:For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable paragraphs from the first A-G and fill them intothe numbered boxes to from a coherent text Paragraph E has been correctly placed. There is one paragraph which dose not fit in with the text. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)[A]The first and m ore important is the consumer’s growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percent a year Europe compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B]Retail sales of food and drink in Europe’s largest markets are at a standstill,lesving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow.Most leading retailers have alteady tried e-commerce,with limit success,and expansion abroad.But almost all have ignored the big.profitable opportunity in their own backyard the wholesale food and drink trade,whoch appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C]Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drinkmarket?Definitely not.The functioning of the market is basrd on flexibleTrends dominated by potential buyers.In other words it is up to the buyer tather than the seller to decide what to buy.At any rate this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers regardless of how long the current consumer pattem will take hold.[D] All in all,this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits there by.At least,that is how it looks as a whole.Closer inspection reveals import differences among the biggest national markets,especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures,as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories.Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which particular abilities might unseat smaller but enerenched competitors.New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail,wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined-France,Germany,Italy,and Spain-are made out of same building blocks.Demand comes mainly from two sources:independent morn-and-pop grocery stores which,unlike large retail chains,are two small to buy straight from producers,and food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures,but most of these businesses are known in the trade as “horeca”:hotels,restaurants,and cafes.Overall, Europe’s retail wholesale market, but the figures,when added together,mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the United Kingdom in 2000-more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the foodservice sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often;and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to considerate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retails and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers from trying their hand,for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41→42→ 43 → 44 → E → 45Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese.Your translation should be written carfully on ANSWER SHEET 2.(10Points)One basic weakness in a comservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value Yet these ereatures are members of the biotic community and ,if its stability depends on its inteynity,they are entitled to continuanceWhen one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and if we happen to love it.We incert excuses to give it economic importance At the beginning pf century songbiras were supppsed to be disappearing.(46)Scinentists jumped to the resure with some distimctly shaky evidence to the effect the insecets would est us up of brids failed to control them the ecideuce had to be conbmic in order to be walid.It is pamful to read these round about accounts today.We have no land ehtic yet.(47)but we have at least drawn near the point pf admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinisic right reardless of the presence pf absence of economic adcantage to us.A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamals and fish-eating birds(48)Time was when biologosts somewhat over worded evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak or that they prey only on “worthless species”.Some species pf tree have been read out of the party by economici -minded fpresters they grow too slowty or have a sale vate to pay as imeber crops (49)In europe,where forestry is ecologically more advanced ,the ncommercial tree species are recognized ad members of native forest community,to be preserved as such,within reason.To sum up;a system of conservation based solely on econominc self-interest is hopelesstly lopsided(50)It tends to ignore,and thus eventually to eliminate,many elements in the land community that lack commercial value,but that are essential to its healthy functioning.Without theuneconomic pats.。
2010年考研数学一真题与答案
2010年考研数学一真题一、选择题（1~8小题，每小题4分，共32分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中，只有一个选项是符合题目要求的。
）(1)极限limx→∞[x2(x−a)(x+b)]x=(A)1 (B)e (C)e a−b(D)e b−a 【考点】C。
【解析】【方法一】这是一个“1∞”型极限lim x→∞[x2(x−a)(x+b)]x=limx→∞{[1+(a−b)x+ab(x−a)(x+b)](x−a)(x+b)(a−b)x+ab}(a−b)x+ab(x−a)(x+b)x=e a−b【方法二】原式=limx→∞e xlnx2(x−a)(x+b)而limx→∞ xln x2(x−a)(x+b)=limx→∞xln(1+(a−b)x+ab(x−a)(x+b))=limx→∞x∙(a−b)x+ab(x−a)(x+b)(等价无穷小代换) =a−b则limx→∞[x2(x−a)(x+b)]x=e a−b【方法三】对于“1∞”型极限可利用基本结论：若limα(x)=0, limβ(x)=0,且limα(x)β(x)=A 则li m(1+α(x))β(x)=e A,求极限由于limx→∞α(x)β(x)=limx→∞x2−(x−a)(x+b)(x−a)(x+b)∙x=limx→∞(a−b)x2+abx(x−a)(x+b)=a−b则limx→∞[x2(x−a)(x+b)]x=e a−b【方法四】lim x→∞[x2(x−a)(x+b)]x=limx→∞[(x−a)(x+b)x2]−x=limx→∞(1−ax)−x∙limx→∞(1+bx)−x=e a∙e−b=e a−b综上所述，本题正确答案是C。
【考点】高等数学—函数、极限、连续—无穷小量的性质及无穷小量的比较，极限的四则运算，两个重要极限(2)设函数z=z(x,y)由方程F(yx ,zx)=0确定，其中F为可微函数，且f′′2≠0,则xðzðx +yðzðy=。
2010年全国2卷高考真题(含答案)英语
2010年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语第一卷（选择题）第一部分英语知识运用（共三节，满分50分）第一节语音知识（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）从A、B、C、D四个选项中，找出其划线部分与所给单词的划线部分读音相同的选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
1. come A. cold B. cock C. comfort D. improve2. dead A. eager B. great C. least D. health3. united A. use B. ugly C. upstairs D. put4. ours A. outside B. cousins C. nervous D. clocks5. thirty A. theatre C. although D. feather第二节语法和词汇知识（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）6. - Is it all right if I keep this photo?- _______.A. No, you don’tB. No, it sh ouldn’tC. I’m afraid notD. Don’t keep it7. Tom was about to close the windows ___ __ his attention was caught by a bird.A. whenB. ifC. andD. till8. My mother opened the drawer to _________ the knives and spoons.A. put awayB. put upC. put onD. put together9. Barbara is easy to recognize as she’s the only of the women who ____ evening dress.A. wearB. wearsC. has wornD. have worn10 - Have you finished the book?- No. I’ve read up to _____ the ch ildren discover the secret cave.A. whichB. whatC. thatD. where11. Though ______ to see us, the professor gave us a warm welcome.A. surpriseB. was surprisedC. surprisedD. being surprised12. Neither side is prepared to talk to _____ unless we can smooth thing over between them.A. othersB. the otherC. anotherD. one other13. The island is ____ attractive in spring and autumn because of the pleasant weather in both seasons.A. partlyB. merelyC. nearlyD. equally14. The doctor thought ____ would be good for you to have a holiday.A. thisB. thatC. oneD. it15. Linda, make sure the tables ____ before the guests arrive.A. be setB. setC. are setD. are setting16. I refuse to accept the blame for somet hing _____ was someone else’s fault.A. whoB. thatC. asD. what17. I’m afraid Mr. Harding ____ see you now. H e’s busy.A. can’tB. mustn’tC. shouldn’tD. needn’t18. - Can I help you? Are you looking for anything in particular today?- _____. W e’re just looking.A. Yes, pleaseB. No, thank youC. Yes, you canD. No, you needn’t19. Excuse me. I I was blocking your way.A. didn’t realizeB. don’t realizeC. haven’t realizedD. wasn’t realizing20. Mr. Black is very happy because the clothes made in his factory have never been .A. popularB. more popularC. most popularD. the most popular第三节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1. 5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后所给各题的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。
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1.Brun综合征：第四脑室内漂浮于CSF中的孤立性囊虫可随头位改变而突然阻塞第四脑室的正中孔和侧孔，导致颅内压骤然升高，出现发作性眩晕、恶心、呕吐2.臂丛神经损害3.髓外硬膜内肿瘤4.Ramsay-Hunt综合征vs Tolosa-Hunt综合征(痛性眼肌麻痹)5.多发神经炎6.小指的感觉由C8支配7.三角肌支配lard－Gubler综合征9.亚急性联合变性VitB1210.运动神经元病肌电图特点巨大动作电位11.周围神经病仅运动损害，定位于周围神经近端12.帕金森病伴高血压，禁用利血平。
13.看图小脑下蚓部？半球？绒球小结叶？14.分水岭梗塞15.糖尿病最常见颅神经损害：动眼神经麻痹16.Destrophin病见于假肥大型肌营养不良17.强制性肌营养不良18.睫脊中枢C8-T219.Wallenberg综合征小脑下后动脉or椎动脉损害20.原发性三叉神经痛与继发性神经痛21.Weber综合征22.特发性面神经麻痹的后遗症：鳄鱼泪23.长期服用异烟肼引起哪种维生素代谢而致病：VitB624.Lhermitte征见于：多发性硬化25.头颅侧位片的基准线McGregor线枕骨大孔后缘的最低点至硬腭后端连线26.传导性耳聋weber Rinne试验表现27.强哭强笑见于双侧皮质核束受损。
28.真性球麻痹见于疑核损害。
29.醒状昏迷见于去皮层强直30.正常压力性脑积水31.慢性硬膜下血肿vs 慢性脑室内血肿32.幻视加痴呆见于路易体痴呆33.阿尔茨海默病常见近记忆障碍视空间障碍表现34.颞叶沟回疝35.典型偏头痛与普通型偏头痛偏头痛先兆期使用麦角胺类偏头痛先兆常见视觉异常。
36.多发性肌炎37.周期性麻痹38.钠通道疾病见于高钾性周期麻痹避免劳累39.脑疝病人禁做腰穿40.使用丙球前需查IgA41.重症肌无力患者激素冲击需注意低血钾（血压血糖感染等）42.常见听神经损害的抗生素：链霉素43.AIDP重要检查NVV 脑脊液蛋白细胞分离现象44.糖尿病周围神经病理改变：45.帕金森病病病理特点：46.安坦治疗帕金森病的机制47.意识清醒与上行网状结构系统相关48.意识障碍分类特点机制如嗜睡的特点49.脑桥出血针状瞳孔。
50.SAH 病因常见于动脉瘤，使用扩血管治疗预防脑血管痉挛51.周围神经损害3－4天后出现电生理改变。
52.一侧横窦血栓，压一侧颈静脉CSF压力改变表现:53.隐球菌脑膜炎特点54.MS病理特点无轴索损害。
治疗55.出血坏死性脱髓鞘病见于急性播散性脑脊髓炎。
56.脑桥中央髓鞘溶解见于纠正电解质紊乱。
57.多系统萎缩58.面神经炎治疗59.皮肌炎60.MELAS 皮质盲因为枕叶皮质受累。
61.婴儿痉挛症：快速点头状痉挛、双上肢外展、下肢和躯干屈曲62.失神发作63.额叶共济世调感觉性共济失调前庭性共济失调顶叶性共济失调小脑性共济失调64.Glasgow昏迷评分65.肌阵孪见于Lafora小体病1.格林巴利症多长时间达到高峰，该病的鉴别诊断2.原发性和继发性三叉神经痛的鉴别3.BELL症多见于什么4.面瘫的定位5.急性脊髓炎多见于哪个部位6.各种步态常见于什么病7.癫痫发作的分类8.病毒性脑炎的诊治9.WILSON病的金标准10.帕金森的病理11.蛛网膜下腔出血的并发症运动型失语的血管供应入睡困难的时间1 Brun综合征第四脑室内漂浮于CSF中的孤立性囊虫可随头位改变而突然阻塞第四脑室的正中孔和侧孔，导致颅内压骤然升高，出现发作性眩晕、恶心、呕吐以及意识障碍，有时可因呼吸骤停而猝死。
（见于脑囊虫病颅内压增高型）2 臂丛神经损伤组成―555‖第5－8颈神经前支和第1胸神经前支5条神经根组成。
分根、干、股、束、支5部分。
有腋、肌皮、桡、正中、尺5大分支。
臂丛包括5 根3干,C5 —C6神经根在前斜角肌外缘相和，组成上干；C7 组成中干；C8 —T1 形成下干。
（位于第1肋骨表面，每干长约1cm）。
每干又分成前后两股, （位于锁骨表面，每股长约1cm）；每股组成3 个束，束的长度约3cm,各束在相当于喙突水平分为神经支，形成终末神经。
臂丛神经全长约15 cm ,约150 000 根轴突。
臂丛位于活动范围较大的肩关节附近,邻近动脉,易造成臂丛神经损害。
臂丛神经根的功能特点⑪C5神经根:其纤维数为8 738～33 027 根,主要组成腋神经，支配三角肌，主管肩外展；主要组成肩胛上神经, 支配冈上、冈下肌，主管肩上举；独立组成肩胛背神经，支配肩胛提肌。
⑫C6神经根:神经纤维为14 227～39 036 根,主要组成肌皮神经,支配肱二头肌，主管屈肘。
单根C6 神经根损伤,临床除肱二头肌肌力减弱外,上肢活动无明显影响。
一旦C5、6同时离断或上干损伤,则腋神经与肌皮神经主要机能丧失,临床表现为三角肌麻痹。
肩不能外展;肱二头肌及肱桡肌麻痹时不能屈肘。
⑬C7神经根:神经根数为18 095～40 576 根,主要组成桡神经,支配上肢伸肌群，主管肘、腕、指的伸直。
C7支配广泛无独特性。
单纯C7 神经根断裂不出现上肢功能障碍,因桡神经支配肌均可由其他神经根代偿。
C5、6、7神经根同时断裂,临床表现与C5、6联合损伤基本相似。
因C7 可为C8 神经根所代偿。
反之，当C7、8 T1神经根联合损伤时，临床表现与C8 T1损伤基本相似。
此时因C7 可为C6 神经根所代偿。
因此，在臂丛神经损伤病例重一旦出现C7麻痹症状，常提示4个神经根以上同时损伤。
尺侧腕屈肌支由C7 支配。
⑭C8神经根:C8 神经根纤维数为14 636～41 246 根。
主要组成正中神经，支配掌长肌、拇长屈肌、指深屈肌等指屈肌群，主管手指屈曲；独立组成肩胛下神经，支配肩胛下肌。
C8 单独损伤,临床指深屈肌活动减弱,其他功能无明显影响。
当C5、6、7、8同时损伤,除上干损伤(肩不能上举与外展,肘不能屈曲) 外,出现中干损伤表现,即腕下垂,伸拇伸指不能。
⑮T1神经根:T1 神经根纤维数为12 102～35 600 根,主要组成尺神经,支配手内在肌,骨间肌和蚓状肌，主管拇指对掌、对指，手指内收、外展，掌指关节屈曲及指间关节伸直；独立组成臂及前臂内侧皮神经。
单独T1 神经断裂,主要影响手内在肌功能,但由于C8 神经根的代偿,临床功能障碍不明显。
C8T1 联合损伤或下干损伤时主要表现为手内部肌及屈指功能障碍。
C7、8T1 三根联合损伤时,临床表现与T1C8 二根联合损伤相似,因C7 损伤可被邻近C6 所代偿。
前臂内侧皮神经主要由T1 纤维组成,一旦其支配区感觉障碍(除切割伤外) ,首先应考虑在第一肋骨处受压,这是诊断臂丛神经血管受压征的重要依据。
3髓外硬膜内肿瘤Subdural-outmedullary tumors主要症状是：（一）起病缓慢，此类肿瘤生长缓慢，病程最长可达10年。
根痛为早期较突出的症状，颈段多见。
多有定位价值。
（二）出现脊髓半切综合征，即病灶侧运动障碍，对侧感觉障碍。
当髓外病变压迫脊髓时，由于感觉或运动传导束的分层排列，因此症状的出现多自下而上。
（三）后期出现横断症状，病变水平以下肢体痉挛性瘫痪，感觉障碍，植物神经功能紊乱及营养障碍。
由于肿瘤在蛛网膜下腔生长，椎管硬阻出现较早，脑脊液蛋白含量增高较明显。
（四）本组主要为神经鞘瘤、脊膜瘤。
以神经纤维瘤及脊膜瘤多见。
神经纤维瘤生长于脊神经根上，多见于后根，故神经根性痛常见。
此类肿瘤有时沿椎间孔往外生长而形成哑铃状肿瘤，X线上可见椎间孔扩大。
（五）MRI为本组疾病首选检查手段。
3髓外硬膜内肿瘤影像图1．神经鞘瘤：T1相上为等、高信号影，边缘清晰；T2相上为高信号；脊髓受压变扁、移位或成角。
2．脊膜瘤：T1相上为等信号，T2相上轻度高信号表现，增强后明显强化，与椎管内表面广基相连，脊髓表现同神经鞘瘤。
（六）腰穿多提示奎肯试验阳性，脑脊液蛋白含量高。
治疗：手术全切除为根本治疗手段。
/bbs/thread/1962967?keywords=%E9%AB%93%E5%A4%96%E7%A1%AC%E8%86%9C%E5%86%85%E8%82%BF%E7%98%A4#1962967 病变位于膜内还是膜外？是什么？4 RamsayHunt综合症带状疱疹病毒侵入面神经导致其运动和感觉神经受损，发生面瘫、耳痛、外耳道疱疹三联症。
是带状疱疹常见并发症。
5 Tolosa-Hunt综合征【概述】痛性眼肌麻痹综合征又称Tolosa-Hunt综合征。
1954年Tolosa首先报道1例具有眼眶周围疼痛、同侧眼球运动神经（Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ）麻痹及角膜反射减弱的患者。
脑血管造影显示颈内动脉末端到虹吸部的狭窄，尸检发现动脉外膜炎。
1961年Hunt又报道了6例相似的患者，均表现为眼眶周围疼痛及Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ脑神经麻痹，症状数月或数年缓解或复发，包括脑血管造影在内各种检查及手术均未发现海绵窦异常，经糖皮质激素治疗完全缓解，命名为―痛性眼肌麻痹‖。
1996年Smith又报道5例，并称之为Tolosa-Hunt综合征。
【病因】Tolosa-Hunt综合征的病因不明。
病变仅限于海绵窦段颈内动脉外膜及其附近的硬脑膜。
病变性质为一种免疫反应性疾病。
糖皮质激素等免疫抑制剂治疗有效，支持本征的免疫学假说。
Tolosa-Hunt综合征的主要病变部位是海绵窦，其解剖特征主要为：①窦内神经通过的上下顺序是Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅵ、Ⅴ1、、Ⅴ2。
②颈内动脉周围的交感神经在第Ⅲ对脑神经的内侧。
③Ⅴ1在眶上裂上部，与第Ⅲ对脑神经相邻，Ⅴ2位于海绵窦后下方，不通过窦的前壁；Ⅴ3不通过海绵窦。
④两侧海绵窦由环窦相连，因而海绵窦症状可扩展或两侧交替出现。
6 多发性神经炎多发性神经炎又称多发性周围神经炎，属中医痿证、痹证范畴。
可由中毒、营养代谢障碍、感染、过敏、变态反应等多种原因引起，损害多数周围神经末梢，从而引起肢体远端对称性或非对称性的运动、植物神经功能障碍的疾病。
多发性神经炎起病可急可缓。
通常始自下肢的肌力减退．并向躯干、上肢、颜面发展。
同时，常有四肢远端对称性麻木、自发性酸痛等感觉异常。
多数患者在起病3－15天内达最高峰，四肢呈现程度不等的弛缓性瘫痪和远端肌肉萎缩。
严重者可有声嘶、构音障碍、吞咽困难，甚至呼吸困难。
起病后10－25天内病情稳定，并开始恢复，患者常表现出运动、感觉及植物神经的功能障碍。
四肢末梢发凉、发红、发绀，少汗或多汗，皮肤变薄嫩或粗糙，指（趾）甲变厚变脆，失去光泽，或有白色横痕；四肢远端对称性感觉减退或消失，或感觉过敏；四肢肌张力下降，膝反射减弱或消失，肌肉萎缩。
8 Millard–Gubler氏综合征概述又称桥脑基底外侧综合征，Gubler氏综合征、交叉性外展—面神经麻痹—偏瘫综合征。
病因病理病机最多见于桥脑肿瘤，其次为桥脑出血，桥脑梗塞较少见。