有机化合物命名-2

OH OH CH2 CH2
ethylene glycol 1,2-ethanediol
CCC OH OH
propylene glycol 1,2-propanediol
OH HO-C-C-C-OH
glycerol 1,2,3-propanetriol
2、醇- Alcohols
OH
CH
H3C
CH3
2-propanol isopropanol
胺-Amines 醛-Aldehydes 酮-Ketones 羧酸-Carboxylic acids
官能团化合物
酰胺-Amides 酯-Ester 羧酸盐-The salts of acids 酸酐-Carboxylic anhydrides 酰氯-Acyl halides 腈-Nitriles
2、醇- Alcohols
Systematic name: Select the longest continuous chain to which the OH group is directly attached, and give the OH group the possible lower position number.
取代基 substituents
Some Functional Groups Named as Prefixes
Structure
Name
-OR
Alkoxy- *
-NH2 -N=N-
AminoAzo-
-Br
Bromo-
-Cl
Chloro-
-F
Fluoro-
-H
Hydro-
-I
Iodo-
-NO2 -NO
CH3
CH
H2 C
potassium isopentyl oxide
H3C
C
OK
H2
O-NH4+ ammonium cyclohexyl oxide
5、硫醇盐The salts of thiols (RSM)
Systematic name: the name of cation + the name of thiol + ate
系统命名法：卤素取代基（ halo： fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo- ）+烷烃名
Trivial name (C1-C4): the name of alkyl group + fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide
俗名法：烷基取代基+ Halide（ fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide）
C-C-C-C=C
OC 4-methoxy-1-pentene
C2H5-O CH3 p-ethoxytoluene
CH3OCH2CH2OCH3 1,2-dimethoxyethane
O furan
4H
O
t et rahydrofuran
o o
1,4-dioxane
6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
4、醇盐-The salts of alcohols (ROM)
Systematic name: The name of cation + the name of R group + oxide
规则：阳离子名称+取代基R名称+oxide
4、醇盐-The salts of alcohols (ROM)
methyl vinyl ether diethyl ether benzyl isopropyl ether
6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
Trivial name:
O C2H5 C2H5
1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides
C-C-C
Cl
C C-C-Cl
C
2-chloropropane isopropyl chloride
异丙基氯化物
2-chloro-2-methylpropane
tert-butyl chloride
叔丁基氯化物
C C-C-C- Cl
1-chloro-2-methylpropane isobutyl chloride
CH3 lithium tert-butanethiolate
LiS
CH3 lithium 2-methylpropane-2-thiolate
6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
Systematic name: name the simple OR group as a substituent, the long chain as a parent body
OH isopropyl C-C-C alcohol
C C-C-C tert-butyl
OH alcohol
OH
OH
2-cyclopenten-1-ol
phenol
2、醇- Alcohols
◆ Alcohols containing more than one OH group Systematic name: suffix: -diol, -triol… Trivial name: glycol(乙二醇), glycerol （丙三醇）…
Trivial name ：the name of cation + the name of R
group + sulfide
规则： 系统命名法：阳离子名称+硫醇名称+ 后缀ate 俗名法：阳离子名称+取代基R+sulfide
5、硫醇盐The salts of thiols (RSM)
CH3
lithium tert-butyl sulfide
有机化合物的命名
Nomenclature of Organic Compounds
朱金丽
有机化合物的命名
非官能团化合物 Nonfunctional Compounds
1烃类------（烷烃《 Alkane》烯烃《 Alkene》炔烃 《Alkyne》） 2单环化合物（Monocyclic compounds）
3、官能团化合物
Functional compounds
有机化合物的命名
系统命名 IUPAC names (systematic names)
俗名法 trivial names (popular names)
国际理论和应用化学联合会
IUPAC: International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry
Trivial name ：the name of alkyl group + mercaptan
trivial names:
C-C-SH ethyl mercaptan
C
C-C-C-SH isobutyl mercaptan
C=C-C-S-C=C allyl vinyl sulfide
C-C-S-C-C diethyl sulfide
OH
C-C-C 2-propanol
C C-C-C
OH 2-methylpropan-2-ol
C C-C-C-C-C
OH C
4,4-dimethylpentan-2-ol
Cl-C-C-C-OH 3-c hloropropanol
2、醇- Alcohols
Trivial ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baiduame (C1-C4): the name of alkyl group + alcohol
卤族元素
Symbol F Cl Br I
English Names Fluorine Chlorine Bromine Iodine
（卤素取代基）halo: fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo
（卤化物） Halide: fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide
OH
3、硫醇-Thiols -SH
Systematic name: the name of alkane + thiol
系统命名法：烷烃名称alkane加上后缀“thiol”
H3C
H2
C
SH
C H2
CH3 SH
1-propanethiol
0-mercaptotoluene
mercapto 含巯基的，含硫氢基的
官能团化合物
内酯和内酰胺-Lactones and lactams
缩醛和缩酮-Acetals and ketals
亚胺-Imines
氢过氧化物-Hydroperoxides
过氧化二乙醚-Ether peroxides (ROOR’)
过氧酸-Acid peroxides
O
R COOH
Trivial name: list the names of both groups that attached to the oxygen in an alphabetic order + ether
俗名法：按照字母顺序列出和氧原子相连的两个 烷基+ ether
C
C-O-C=C
C-C-O-C-C C6H5CH2O-C-C
官能团化合物
卤代烃-Alkyl halides
醇- Alcohols 硫醇-Thiols 醇盐-The salts of alcohols (ROM) 硫醇盐-The salts of thiols (RSM) 醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
官能团化合物
环氧化合物-Epoxides 硫化物-Sulfides R1-S-R2)
2、醇- Alcohols
Rule ： The name of alcohol are given by replacing the final letter “e” of the name of alkane（Alkene，Alkyne） with the suffix “ol ”
规则：去掉烃名称Alkane，Alkene，Alkyne 的最后一个字母e，加上后缀 “ol”
1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides
I
H3C
C H
CH3
2-iodopropane isopropyl iodide
CH3 Br
2-bromoisohexane
CH3-CH-CH2-CH-CH3
1、一些卤代烃的专用名称
Some special names for alkyl halides: CHX3 chloroform bromoform iodoform CH2Cl2 methylene chloride CCl4 carbon tetrachloride Cl3C-CCl3 perchloro ethane
2、醇- Alcohols
CH3 C3H7
CH CH
CH3
H3C
CH2 CH
OH
5-methyl-3-propyl-2-hexanol
Cl
Cl
H HO
CH3 3,4-dichloro-2-butanol
2、醇- Alcohols
HO
2-cyclopentenol
OH CH3
2-methyl-1,4-cyclohexanediol
NitroNitroso-
* methoxy-, ethoxy-, etc., depending upon the R group
1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides
Systematic name: prefix “halo-： fluoro-, chloro-, bromo-, iodo-” + the name of alkane
3、硫醇-Thiols -SH
systematic names:
C-C-SH
C C-C-C-C-SH
ethanethiol 2-methylbutanethiol
C-C-C-C=C
SH
SCH3
4-methylthio-1- 3-mercapto-
pentene
1-c yc lopentene
3、硫醇-Thiols -SH
规则：简单的烷氧基作为取代基，长碳链作为 主链
CH3O- C-C-O- C-C-C-O- C-C-C-C-Omethoxy ethoxy propoxy butoxy
C5H11Opentyloxy
C6H13Ohexyloxy
suffix: -yloxy
6、醚-Ethers (R1-O-R2)
Systematic name
1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides
命名规则
halo + the name of alkane ---- halo+烷烃的名称 The name of alkyl group + halide---烷基 + halide 卤素—halogen---halo 卤化物----halide
1、卤代烃-Alkyl halides