专题一现在完成时（绝对经典）

专题一现在完成时（绝对经典）

专题一现在完成时(教师用)

◆教学重点现在完成时日积月累短文填空

◆教学难点现在完成时表持续

◆教学内容

现在完成时

一、构成：have (has) +过去分词。规则变化的过去分词与过去式的变化一样，在动词词尾加ed;不规则变化的过去分词见不规则动词表，需要同学记忆。

现以see the film为例将现在完成时的肯定句，否定句和疑问句列表如下：

肯定句：I/You/We/They have seen the film. He/She /It has seen the film.

否定句：I/You/We/They have not/ haven’t seen the film.

He/ She/It has not/hasn’t seen the film.

疑问句：Have I/you/they seen the film? Yes, you/ we/I/they have. No, you/ we/I/they haven’t.

Has he/she/it seen the film? Yes, he/ she/ it has. No, he/ she/ it hasn’t.

二、用法：现在完成时既涉及过去，又联系现在。

用法一：表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常与just （刚刚），already（已经），never（从来没有），ever（曾经），before（以前），yet （仍然），once（一次），twice（两次），many times（很多次），how many times （多少次），so far（迄今为止），during the past（last）three years（最近三年来）等连用。

※副词的位置：①just常用于肯定句中，放在have / has后，He has just come .

②never表示否定,放在have / has后, He has never visited the

Great Wall.

③ever用于疑问句中,句型为: Have / Has＋主语＋ever＋过去分词？“…曾

经……过吗？”用于询问某人过去的经历。Have you ever been to the farm？

④before用于句末，The woman has never heard of that before.

⑤yet用于句末或not之后.Has the train arrived yet? No, not yet.

⑥already用于肯定句, have / has之后或句末.We have already finished it.

⑦so far用于句首或句末. So far, we have visited the moon.

用法二：表示过去已经开始，一直延续到现在的动作或状态。时间状语有：

①or＋表示一段时间的词语I have taught English for 19 years。

②since＋表示过去时间点的词语He has been at this school since 1986.

③since＋表示过去的时间状语从句I have lived here since I was born.

④since＋一段时间＋ago. I have known him since 20 years ago.

三、现在完成时态中可以和表示一段时间状语（for，since，how long, all one’s life）

连用的动词必须是表示延续的情况或动作的动词，即延续性动词。如：be，have，know，live，work，study，learn，teach，keep，speak，talk，draw，wait，wear，walk，sleep，drive，write，do，clean等。

I have been a teacher for nearly 20 years. How long has he lived here?

常见的相应转换形式如下:

borrow / lend→keep, buy→have, finish / end→be over, arrive

/come / go / move / reach /get to→be in /at / be here /be there, begin / start→be on , open→be open , close→be closed, die→be dead , leave→be away（from）,go to school→be in school / be a student, get up→be up, fall asleep→be asleep , fall ill→be ill, get to

know→know, lose→be lost, become→be, return / come back / get back→be back,

join→be in / be a…member, join the army→be in the army /be a soldier, receive / get a letter→have a letter , catch / g et a cold→have a cold, begin to study→study,

他参军已有三年.He has joined the army for three years.（错）改为:

He has been in the army for three years / since three years ago.

He has been a soldier for three years / since three years ago.

He joined the army three years ago.

It is three years since he joined the army.

Three years has passed since he joined the army.

四、现在完成时中应注意的几个问题

1. have been to和have gone to的区别

have been to强调“去过”，现已不在那里，已经回来了，如：He has been to the USA three times.

他到美国去过三次。（过去“到美国”，现在已“不在美国”）have gone to主要强调的是“去了”，现在人不在说话的现场，如：

--Where's your mother? --你妈妈在哪？

--She has gone tothe hospital. --她去医院了。

2. have been to和have been in的区别

have been to强调人“已回到原地”，后面可接表示“次数”的状语。