考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译(1994-2005)
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24. Dr. Brosnan and Dr. de Waal have eventually found in their study that the monkeys
[A]. prefer grapes to cucumbers.
[B]. can be taugage（暴行，伤害，激怒）。An outrage against justice.对正义的严重损害Members of Parliament were outraged by the news of bomb outrages in the country.国内发生了炸弹暴力事件的消息引起了国会议员的义愤［巧记］out过度+rage动怒→“出离愤怒了”
[C]. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.
[D]. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.
23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions.In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteousindignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins andhumans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second wasreluctantto hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough toinduce resentment in a female capuchin.
核心词汇：
a fat pay rise涨得很高的工资
vanish（消失，不复存在）The wonderful vanished into thin air.美梦化作泡影I thought it would rain, but the clouds have vanished and it's a fine day.我原以为天要下雨的，可是云消失了，是个好天。［巧记］van=empty空+ish形容词后缀：倾向于。
assumption（假定；承担；呈现）The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions.这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为根据的。Their assumption that their project under way was something entirely new proved to be untrue.他们以为他们正在进行的课题是崭新的,事实证明不是那样。［记］assume（假设）
[B]. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
[C]. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
[D]. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their foodtardily. Above all, like their female humancounterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.
[A]. more inclined to weigh what they get.
[B]. attentive to researchers' instructions.
[C]. nice in both appearance and temperament.
[D]. more generous than their male companions
colleague（同事，同僚）David is a colleague of mine.戴维是我的同事［巧记］col=con共同+leag=leg选+ue→共同被选出的。［辨］companion（同伴，共事者）即com一起+pan面包+ion→一起吃面包→谋生的人。A dog is a faithfull companyion.狗是忠实的伙伴
22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies that
[A]. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
[B]. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.
all to human人所特有的→人性
underling（潜在的，含蓄的）There are underlying similarities between all human beings.人与人之间有内在相似之处The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说内在的主题很严肃［巧记］under（下面）＋
reputation（名气，名声，名望）a man of good reputation名誉很好的人Live up to one’s reputation.不负盛名［巧记］re再一，重新+put思考+ation。
slack（懈怠，懒散）slack work马虎的工作slack laws不完善的法律Bussiness is slack at this season.这一季节生意萧条The tennis net hung slack.网球的网松悬着［记：谐音］怪物“史莱克”是“懒散”的。
21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by
[A]. posing a contrast.
[B]. justifying an assumption.
[C]. making a comparison.
[D]. explaining a phenomenon.
[C]. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
[D]. are unhappy when separated from others.
25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译
（2005－1994）
2005 Text
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlyingassumptionthat other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense ofgrievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that itisall too monkey, as well.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates forDr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal'sstudy. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchangetokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.
[A]. prefer grapes to cucumbers.
[B]. can be taugage（暴行，伤害，激怒）。An outrage against justice.对正义的严重损害Members of Parliament were outraged by the news of bomb outrages in the country.国内发生了炸弹暴力事件的消息引起了国会议员的义愤［巧记］out过度+rage动怒→“出离愤怒了”
[C]. monkeys, like humans, tend to be jealous of each other.
[D]. no animals other than monkeys can develop such emotions.
23. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are
The researches suggest that capuchin monkeys, like humans, are guided by social emotions.In the wild, they are a co-operative, group-living species, Such co-operation is likely to be stable only when each animal feels it is not being cheated. Feelings of righteousindignation, it seems, are not the preserve of people alone, Refusing a lesser reward completely makes these feelings abundantly clear to other members of the group.However, whether such a sense of fairness evolved independently in capuchins andhumans, or whether it stems from the common ancestor that the species had 35 million years ago, is, as yet, an unanswered question.
In the world of capuchins grapes are luxury goods (and much preferable to cucumbers) So when one monkey was handed a grape in exchange for her token, the second wasreluctantto hand hers over for a mere piece of cucumber.And if one received a grape without having to provide her token in exchange at all, the other either tossed her own token at the researcher or out of the chamber, or refused to accept the slice of cucumber .Indeed, the mere presence of a grape in the other chamber (without an actual monkey to eat it) was enough toinduce resentment in a female capuchin.
核心词汇：
a fat pay rise涨得很高的工资
vanish（消失，不复存在）The wonderful vanished into thin air.美梦化作泡影I thought it would rain, but the clouds have vanished and it's a fine day.我原以为天要下雨的，可是云消失了，是个好天。［巧记］van=empty空+ish形容词后缀：倾向于。
assumption（假定；承担；呈现）The theory is based on a series of wrong assumptions.这一理论是以一系列错误的设想为根据的。Their assumption that their project under way was something entirely new proved to be untrue.他们以为他们正在进行的课题是崭新的,事实证明不是那样。［记］assume（假设）
[B]. Human indignation evolved from an uncertain source.
[C]. Animals usually show their feelings openly as humans do.
[D]. Cooperation among monkeys remains stable only in the wild.
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, co-operative creatures, and they share their foodtardily. Above all, like their female humancounterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males.
[A]. more inclined to weigh what they get.
[B]. attentive to researchers' instructions.
[C]. nice in both appearance and temperament.
[D]. more generous than their male companions
colleague（同事，同僚）David is a colleague of mine.戴维是我的同事［巧记］col=con共同+leag=leg选+ue→共同被选出的。［辨］companion（同伴，共事者）即com一起+pan面包+ion→一起吃面包→谋生的人。A dog is a faithfull companyion.狗是忠实的伙伴
22. The statement “it is all too monkey” (Last line, paragraph l) implies that
[A]. monkeys are also outraged by slack rivals.
[B]. resenting unfairness is also monkeys' nature.
all to human人所特有的→人性
underling（潜在的，含蓄的）There are underlying similarities between all human beings.人与人之间有内在相似之处The underlying theme of the novel is very serious.小说内在的主题很严肃［巧记］under（下面）＋
reputation（名气，名声，名望）a man of good reputation名誉很好的人Live up to one’s reputation.不负盛名［巧记］re再一，重新+put思考+ation。
slack（懈怠，懒散）slack work马虎的工作slack laws不完善的法律Bussiness is slack at this season.这一季节生意萧条The tennis net hung slack.网球的网松悬着［记：谐音］怪物“史莱克”是“懒散”的。
21. In the opening paragraph, the author introduces his topic by
[A]. posing a contrast.
[B]. justifying an assumption.
[C]. making a comparison.
[D]. explaining a phenomenon.
[C]. will not be co-operative if feeling cheated.
[D]. are unhappy when separated from others.
25. What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]. Monkeys can be trained to develop social emotions.
考研英语阅读真题解析和全文翻译
（2005－1994）
2005 Text
Everybody loves a fat pay rise. Yet pleasure at your own can vanish if you learn that a colleague has been given a bigger one. Indeed, if he has a reputation for slacking, you might even be outraged.Such behaviour is regarded as “all too human”, with the underlyingassumptionthat other animals would not be capable of this finely developed sense ofgrievance.But a study by Sarah Brosnan and Frans de Waal of Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia, which has just been published in Nature, suggests that itisall too monkey, as well.
Such characteristics make them perfect candidates forDr. Brosnan's and Dr. de waal'sstudy. The researchers spent two years teaching their monkeys to exchangetokens for food. Normally, the monkeys were happy enough to exchange pieces of rock for slices of cucumber. However,when two monkeys were placed in separate but adjoining chambers, so that each could observe what the other was getting in return for its rock, their behaviour became markedly different.